EP0294794B1 - Process to open soldered contacts of a relay and circuit to execute the same - Google Patents

Process to open soldered contacts of a relay and circuit to execute the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0294794B1
EP0294794B1 EP88109154A EP88109154A EP0294794B1 EP 0294794 B1 EP0294794 B1 EP 0294794B1 EP 88109154 A EP88109154 A EP 88109154A EP 88109154 A EP88109154 A EP 88109154A EP 0294794 B1 EP0294794 B1 EP 0294794B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relay
circuit
contacts
signal
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88109154A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0294794A3 (en
EP0294794A2 (en
Inventor
Norbert Nickolai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP0294794A2 publication Critical patent/EP0294794A2/en
Publication of EP0294794A3 publication Critical patent/EP0294794A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0294794B1 publication Critical patent/EP0294794B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/001—Means for preventing or breaking contact-welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H2047/003—Detecting welded contacts and applying weld break pulses to coil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for releasing the contacts of an adhesive relay according to the preamble of claim 1 and is based on FR-A-2'565 '430.
  • a relay is also already known in which, to reduce the risk of welding, at least one of the two contacts is exposed to vibrations, in particular during the time the contact is made.
  • the parts exposed to vibrations are matched in their mass and possibly the data of their elastic fastening so that they are in resonance or almost in resonance with the mains frequency or a harmonic of the mains frequency.
  • FR-A-25 65 430 a circuit arrangement for detecting a relay fault is known, in which the load signal to be switched by the relay and the control signal of the relay are fed to an error detection circuit.
  • An AC voltage or a pulsating DC voltage with a frequency corresponding to the natural frequency of the mechanical relay structure is preferably applied to the winding of the relay coil. This causes the relay structure to vibrate naturally.
  • a time circuit is preferably provided between the output of the comparison circuit and the control input of the switching device, which output signal of the comparison circuit indicating a sticking together of the relay contacts only for a specific, predetermined period of time switches through to the control input of the switching device, so that the AC voltage or the pulsating DC voltage is advantageously only applied to the winding of the relay coil for a specific, predetermined period of time.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention has a comparison circuit 10, which is driven at its one input 12 by the control signal of the relay 14 shown in dashed lines in the figure and is connected with its other input 16 to the load circuit 18 to be switched by the relay 14.
  • sticking together of the relay contacts 20 and 22 is determined by comparing the profile of the load signal to be switched by the relay 14 with the profile of the control signal of the relay 14. If the load signal to be switched by the relay 14 does not follow the control signal of the relay, taking into account the switching time of the relay 14, this means that the two relay contacts 20 and 22 are glued together.
  • the output 24 of the comparison circuit 10 is connected to the input 26 of a time circuit 28.
  • the timer 28 is intended to prevent the relay armature 34 from shaking continuously if the connection layer between the relay contacts 20 and 22 does not break even when the relay armature 34 is shaken several times.
  • the switching device 32 when the relay 14 is functioning, switches the control signal of the relay 14, which is present at its one input 36, to the control input 38 of the relay driver 40, it connects the output 42 of an AC voltage generator 44 in the event that the relay contacts 20 and 22 are glued together with the control input 38 of the relay driver 40.
  • the alternating voltage generated by the alternating voltage generator 44 causes the relay driver 40 to be switched alternately conductive and blocking.
  • one of the output voltage of the AC voltage generator is applied to the winding of the relay coil 46 44 corresponding AC voltage applied.
  • the relay coil generates an alternating magnetic field, which exerts a shaking force on the relay armature 34.
  • the relay armature 34 is preferably excited with the natural frequency of the mechanical structure of the relay 14 in order to set the relay in natural oscillations.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Lösen der Kontakte eines klebenden Relais nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 und geht aus von der FR-A-2'565' 430.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for releasing the contacts of an adhesive relay according to the preamble of claim 1 and is based on FR-A-2'565 '430.

Bei elektrischen Schaltungen werden Laststromkreise häufig mit Hilfe von elektrischen Relais geschaltet. Der Nachteil dieser elektrischen Relais besteht jedoch darin, daß die Relaiskontakte bisweilen aufgrund des zu schaltenden hohen elektrischen Stromes zusammenkleben, d. h. durch den beim Schalten der Relais entstehenden Lichtbogen zusammengeschweißt werden. Wenn die Relaiskontakte zusammengeklebt bleiben, werden die im Laststromkreis des Relais angeordneten Verbraucher häufig zerstört.In electrical circuits, load circuits are often switched using electrical relays. The disadvantage of these electrical relays, however, is that the relay contacts sometimes stick together due to the high electrical current to be switched, i. H. are welded together by the arc that arises when the relays are switched. If the relay contacts remain stuck together, the loads arranged in the load circuit of the relay are frequently destroyed.

Aus der FR-A-11 58 869 ist bereits eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Lösen der Kontakte eines klebenden, d. h. verschweißten Relais bekannt. Bei dieser bekannten Schaltungsanordnung wird der Magnet des Relais mit Strom beaufschlagt, bis sich die verschweißten Relaiskontakte durch aufeinanderfolgende Erschütterungen bzw. Stöße wieder voneinander lösen.From FR-A-11 58 869 a circuit arrangement for releasing the contacts of an adhesive, ie welded relay is already known. In this known circuit arrangement, the magnet of the relay is supplied with current until the welded relay contacts separate from one another by successive shocks or impacts.

Aus der DE-B-11 23 384 ist ferner bereits ein Relais bekannt, bei dem zur Verminderung der Verschweißgefahr mindestens einer der beiden Kontakte, insbesondere in der Zeit des Kontaktschlusses Vibrationen ausgesetzt ist. Bei diesem bekannten Relais sind die den Vibrationen ausgesetzten Teile in ihrer Masse und ggf. den Daten ihrer elastischen Befestigung so abgestimmt, daß sie sich mit der Netzfrequenz oder einer Harmonischen der Netzfrequenz in Resonanz oder nahezu in Resonanz befinden.From DE-B-11 23 384 a relay is also already known in which, to reduce the risk of welding, at least one of the two contacts is exposed to vibrations, in particular during the time the contact is made. In this known relay, the parts exposed to vibrations are matched in their mass and possibly the data of their elastic fastening so that they are in resonance or almost in resonance with the mains frequency or a harmonic of the mains frequency.

Aus der FR-A-25 65 430 ist schließlich eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Feststellen eines Relaisfehlers bekannt, bei der das vom Relais zu schaltende Lastsignal sowie das Ansteuersignal des Relais einer Fehlererkennungsschaltung zugeführt wird.Finally, from FR-A-25 65 430 a circuit arrangement for detecting a relay fault is known, in which the load signal to be switched by the relay and the control signal of the relay are fed to an error detection circuit.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Lösen der Kontakte eines klebenden Relais anzugeben, durch die eine Zerstörung der im Laststromkreis des Relais angeordneten Verbraucher sicher verhindert werden kann.It is an object of the invention to provide a circuit arrangement for releasing the contacts of an adhesive relay, by which destruction of the consumers arranged in the load circuit of the relay can be reliably prevented.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Durch die bei zusammenklebenden Relaiskontakten an die Wicklung der Relaisspule angelegte Wechselspannung oder pulsierende Gleichspannung wird der Relaisanker durch die von der Relaisspule auf ihn ausgeübte Kraft gerüttelt, wodurch die meist spröde Verbindungsschicht zwischen den Relaiskontakten bricht und das Relais wieder abfällt. Durch dieses Verfahren ist es möglich, die zusammenklebenden Relaiskontakte so schnell wieder voneinander zu lösen, daß eine Zerstörung der im Laststromkreis des Relais angeordneten Verbraucher verhindert wird.As a result of the alternating voltage or pulsating direct voltage applied to the winding of the relay coil when the relay contacts stick together, the relay armature is shaken by the force exerted on it by the relay coil, as a result of which the mostly brittle connection layer between the relay contacts breaks and the relay drops out again. This method makes it possible to detach the adhesive relay contacts from each other again so quickly that destruction of the loads arranged in the load circuit of the relay is prevented.

Vorzugsweise wird an die Wicklung der Relaisspule eine Wechselspannung oder eine pulsierende Gleichspannung mit einer der Eigenfrequenz des mechanischen Relaisaufbaus entsprechenden Frequenz angelegt. Dadurch wird der Relaisaufbau in Eigenschwingung versetzt.An AC voltage or a pulsating DC voltage with a frequency corresponding to the natural frequency of the mechanical relay structure is preferably applied to the winding of the relay coil. This causes the relay structure to vibrate naturally.

Um ein Dauerrütteln des Relaisankers zu verhindern, wenn die Verbindungsschicht zwischen den zusammenklebenden Relaiskontakten nicht bricht, ist vorzugsweise zwischen dem Ausgang der Vergleichsschaltung und dem Steuereingang der Umschalteinrichtung eine Zeitschaltung vorgesehen, die ein ein Zusammenkleben der Relaiskontakte angebendes Ausgangssignal der Vergleichsschaltung nur eine bestimmte, vorgegebene Zeitdauer an den Steuereingang der Umschalteinrichtung durchschaltet, so daß die Wechselspannung oder die pulsierende Gleichspannung vorteilhaft nur eine bestimmte, vorgegebene Zeitdauer an die Wicklung der Relaisspule angelegt wird.In order to prevent the relay armature from shaking continuously if the connection layer between the adhesive relay contacts does not break, a time circuit is preferably provided between the output of the comparison circuit and the control input of the switching device, which output signal of the comparison circuit indicating a sticking together of the relay contacts only for a specific, predetermined period of time switches through to the control input of the switching device, so that the AC voltage or the pulsating DC voltage is advantageously only applied to the winding of the relay coil for a specific, predetermined period of time.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung weist eine Vergleichsschaltung 10 auf, die an ihrem einen Eingang 12 vom Ansteuersignal des in der Figur gestrichelt dargestellten Relais 14 angesteuert wird und die mit ihrem anderen Eingang 16 an den vom Relais 14 zu schaltenden Laststromkreis 18 angeschlossen ist. In der Vergleichsschaltung 10 wird ein Zusammenkleben der Relaiskontakte 20 und 22 festgestellt, indem der Verlauf des vom Relais 14 zu schaltenden Lastsignals mit dem Verlauf des Ansteuersignals des Relais 14 verglichen wird. Folgt das vom Relais 14 zu schaltende Lastsignal unter Berücksichtigung der Schaltzeit des Relais 14 nicht dem Ansteuersignal des Relais, so bedeutet dies, daß die beiden Relaiskontakte 20 und 22 zusammengeklebt sind. Der Ausgang 24 der Vergleichsschaltung 10 ist mit dem Eingang 26 einer Zeitschaltung 28 verbunden. Diese schaltet das Ausgangssignal der Vergleichsschaltung 10, für den Fall, daß ein Zusammenkleben der Relaiskontakte 20 und 22 festgestellt wurde, nur eine bestimmte, vorgegebene Zeitdauer an den Steuereingang 30 einer Umschalteinrichtung 32 durch. Mit Hilfe der Zeitschaltung 28 soll ein Dauerrütteln des Relaisankers 34 verhindert werden, wenn die Verbindungsschicht zwischen den Relaiskontakten 20 und 22 selbst bei mehrmaligem Rütteln des Relaisankers 34 nicht bricht. Während die Umschalteinrichtung 32 bei funktionsfähigem Relais 14 das an ihrem einen Eingang 36 anliegende Ansteuersignal des Relais 14 an den Steuereingang 38 des Relaistreibers 40 durchschaltet, verbindet sie, für den Fall, daß die Relaiskontakte 20 und 22 zusammengeklebt sind, den Ausgang 42 eines Wechselspannungsgenerators 44 mit dem Steuereingang 38 des Relaistreibers 40. Durch die vom Wechselspannungsgenerator 44 erzeugte Wechselspannung wird der Relaistreiber 40 wechselweise leitend und sperrend geschaltet. Dadurch wird an die Wicklung der Relaisspule 46 eine der Ausgangsspannung des Wechselspannungsgenerators 44 entsprechende Wechselspannung angelegt. Die Relaisspule erzeugt auf diese Weise ein magnetisches Wechselfeld, das eine rüttelnde Kraft auf den Relaisanker 34 ausübt. Vorzugsweise wird der Relaisanker 34 mit der Eigenfrequenz des mechanischen Aufbaus des Relais 14 angeregt, um das Relais in Eigenschwingungen zu versetzen. Durch diese Maßnahme werden die Relaiskontakte 20 und 22 wieder zuverlässig voneinander getrennt, so daß das Relais 14 nun wieder funktionsfähig ist. Die Trennung der Relaiskontakte 20 und 22 erfolgt dabei so schnell, daß eine Zerstörung der im Laststromkreis 18 des Relais 14 angeordneten, in der Figur nicht dargestellten elektrischen Verbraucher verhindert wird.The circuit arrangement according to the invention has a comparison circuit 10, which is driven at its one input 12 by the control signal of the relay 14 shown in dashed lines in the figure and is connected with its other input 16 to the load circuit 18 to be switched by the relay 14. In the comparison circuit 10, sticking together of the relay contacts 20 and 22 is determined by comparing the profile of the load signal to be switched by the relay 14 with the profile of the control signal of the relay 14. If the load signal to be switched by the relay 14 does not follow the control signal of the relay, taking into account the switching time of the relay 14, this means that the two relay contacts 20 and 22 are glued together. The output 24 of the comparison circuit 10 is connected to the input 26 of a time circuit 28. This switches the output signal of the comparison circuit 10, in the event that a sticking together of the relay contacts 20 and 22 has been determined, only through a certain, predetermined period of time to the control input 30 of a switching device 32. The timer 28 is intended to prevent the relay armature 34 from shaking continuously if the connection layer between the relay contacts 20 and 22 does not break even when the relay armature 34 is shaken several times. While the switching device 32, when the relay 14 is functioning, switches the control signal of the relay 14, which is present at its one input 36, to the control input 38 of the relay driver 40, it connects the output 42 of an AC voltage generator 44 in the event that the relay contacts 20 and 22 are glued together with the control input 38 of the relay driver 40. The alternating voltage generated by the alternating voltage generator 44 causes the relay driver 40 to be switched alternately conductive and blocking. As a result, one of the output voltage of the AC voltage generator is applied to the winding of the relay coil 46 44 corresponding AC voltage applied. In this way, the relay coil generates an alternating magnetic field, which exerts a shaking force on the relay armature 34. The relay armature 34 is preferably excited with the natural frequency of the mechanical structure of the relay 14 in order to set the relay in natural oscillations. By this measure, the relay contacts 20 and 22 are reliably separated from each other again, so that the relay 14 is now functional again. The separation of the relay contacts 20 and 22 takes place so quickly that destruction of the electrical consumers arranged in the load circuit 18 of the relay 14 and not shown in the figure is prevented.

Claims (3)

  1. A circuit arrangement for unsticking the contacts (20, 22) of a relay (14) comprising one stationary contact (20) and another contact (22) disposed on a ferromagnetic relay armature (34), the contact (22) being attracted to the stationary contact (20) by applying a voltage to the winding of the relay coil (46), whereas, when the relay coil (46) is currentless and the relay (14) is intact, the armature falls back and consequently the two contacts (20, 22) are again separated, any sticking of the relay contacts (20, 22) being detected by a comparison circuit having one input (12) actuated by the actuation signal of the relay (14) whereas its other input (16) is connected to the load current circuit (18) for switching by the relay (14), the comparison circuit comparing the variation in the load signal to be switched by the relay (14) with the variation in the actuation signal of the relay (14), characterised in that the output signal from the comparison circuit (10) actuates a switching-over device (32) by means of which, if the relay contacts (20, 22) stick together, instead of the signal actuating the relay (14), the output signal of a generator (44) generating an AC voltage or a pulsating DC voltage is applied to the relay winding or to the control input (38) of a driver (40) which switches the electric current through the relay winding.
  2. A circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the AC voltage or the pulsating DC voltage is applied to the winding of the relay coil (46) at a frequency corresponding to the natural frequency of the mechanical relay structure.
  3. A circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a time circuit (28) is provided between the output (24) of the comparison circuit (10) and the control input (30) of the switching-over device (32), and,if the comparison circuit (10) produces a signal showing that the relay contacts (20, 22) have stuck together, the timing circuit switches the signal for only a predetermined set time to the control input (30) of the switching-over device (32).
EP88109154A 1987-06-10 1988-06-08 Process to open soldered contacts of a relay and circuit to execute the same Expired - Lifetime EP0294794B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873719298 DE3719298A1 (en) 1987-06-10 1987-06-10 METHOD FOR RELEASING THE CONTACTS OF AN ADHESIVE RELAY, AND CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
DE3719298 1987-06-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0294794A2 EP0294794A2 (en) 1988-12-14
EP0294794A3 EP0294794A3 (en) 1990-08-29
EP0294794B1 true EP0294794B1 (en) 1993-08-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88109154A Expired - Lifetime EP0294794B1 (en) 1987-06-10 1988-06-08 Process to open soldered contacts of a relay and circuit to execute the same

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4914315A (en)
EP (1) EP0294794B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3719298A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2043728T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3719298C2 (en) 1991-02-07
US4914315A (en) 1990-04-03
DE3883086D1 (en) 1993-09-16
ES2043728T3 (en) 1994-01-01
EP0294794A3 (en) 1990-08-29
DE3719298A1 (en) 1988-12-22
EP0294794A2 (en) 1988-12-14

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