EP0292449B1 - Fire resistant steel beam coacting with concrete - Google Patents
Fire resistant steel beam coacting with concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0292449B1 EP0292449B1 EP88850148A EP88850148A EP0292449B1 EP 0292449 B1 EP0292449 B1 EP 0292449B1 EP 88850148 A EP88850148 A EP 88850148A EP 88850148 A EP88850148 A EP 88850148A EP 0292449 B1 EP0292449 B1 EP 0292449B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- channels
- concrete
- flanges
- bearing plate
- webs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
- E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
- E04B1/943—Building elements specially adapted therefor elongated
- E04B1/944—Building elements specially adapted therefor elongated covered with fire-proofing material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
- E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
- E04B5/29—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated the prefabricated parts of the beams consisting wholly of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
- E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
- E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
- E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
- E04C2003/043—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the hollow cross-section comprising at least one enclosed cavity
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/0465—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section square- or rectangular-shaped
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a prefabricated steel beam intended as a load-bearing structure for structural flooring and where such flooring is preferably made from fabricated concrete elements.
- the beam has a bottom flange projecting out on either side and is formed such as to come within the depth of the structural flooring, and such that static co-action is obtained between the steel beam and concrete suitably cast on site in connection with the normal pouring of topping concrete on the flooring elements.
- Such a beam is known from, for example SE-A-448 897. Due its special implementation the beam has great rigidity in relation to steel weight and structural height as well as its obtaining great fire resistance.
- Steel beams are becoming more and more usual as supporting structures to flooring structures in multistorey buildings.
- a conventional implementation is to use rolled steel joists of H or I section with the floor structure bearing on the upper flange.
- a disadvantage here is that the total flooring structure depth will be large.
- the downwardly projecting supporting beams also make ventilation and cable laying more difficult.
- the beams must also be suitably protected to obtain necessary fire resistance. This must often be done by cladding the entire beams by such as plasterboard.
- a method of reducing some of the above mentioned disadvanages is to have the flooring structure bearing on the bottom flanges of the supporting beams.
- the total flooring structure depth is thus reduced and ventilation and cable laying is simplified.
- Fire protection of the beams is also simplified since only the bottom flange will be exposed to fire, while the inner parts of the beam remain cool, due to the surrounding concrete, against the effect of fire for a long time.
- the required fire protection is normally accomplished by the bottom flanges of the beams being painted with fire protective (infumescent) paint.
- a disadvantage with this implementation is that the structural height of the beam is limited by the depth of the floor structure. In certain cases this can mean difficulties in achieving sufficient rigidity for long spans.
- the greatest disadvantage is, however, the difficulty of erecting the flooring elements, since their ends must be thrust in between the flanges of the beam.
- beams supporting flooring structures have been developed with a closed hollow section and laterally projecting bottom flanges.
- the beams are fabricated by four plates being welded together with continuous welds.
- a disadvantage with these beams is that they are more expensive in fabrication than rolled sections with the same weight or with the same load bearing capacity, inter alia due to fabrication requiring expensive special machines for welding.
- a further development of this kind of beam is the one illustrated and described in the Swedish published specification SE-A-448 897. This beam is fabricated by plates being welded to the toes of a rolled H-section beam.
- the flanges of the section will now be "webs" in the new box beam, and the original web of the section will be an intermediate "flange".
- This beam can be fabricated using ordinary automatic welding equipment and is therefore cheaper in fabrication than the above mentioned beam with a hollow box section.
- economoy of material will generally be worse, since the comparatively thick "webs" and intermediate "flange" are not optimum from the aspect of stress analysis.
- Beam weight for a given rigidity or carrying capacity would therefore generally be greater.
- Fire resistance is possibly somewhat better than for the ordinary hollow beam, due to the comparatively heavy "webs", where temperature increase in a fire is limited, answering for a greater proportion of the carrying capacity.
- the underside of the beam must be painted with fire protective paint if fire resistance times of an hour are to be achieved, the alternative being that the beam is not statically utilized up to permitted values, which then causes material economy to deteriorate even further.
- Static co-action could increase fire resistance as well as carrying capacity and rigidity.
- the latter is very important, since particularly rigidity can be a problem for beams which are to be kept within the depth of the flooring structure due to the limited structural height available.
- the present invention has the object of achieving a prefabricated steel beam of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which dispenses with the above mentioned problems by the implementation of the beam resulting in that substantial static co-action with concrete is obtained, and that the implementation otherwise is such that the bottom flange does not need to be coated with fire protective paint, not even for very high fire resistance requirements.
- a beam in accordance with the invention includes two mutually spaced rolled steel channels 1 with their toes facing each other.
- the webs 2 of the channels 1 form webs in this new beam section and from the aspect of material economy this achieves advantages compared with the beam according to SE-A-448 897, since the channel webs 2 are thinner than the flanges of the appropriate H-section.
- the bottom flanges 3 of the channels 1 are welded to a bearing plate 4.
- the means 6 may be such as small angled sections or reinforcement bars, the spacing between them being determined by the loads to be transmitted.
- the means 6 may be screws 6′, so-called studs projecting from or in the vicinity of the flanges 5 and fastened thereto e.g. by welding, the screws 6′ being schematically shown by dashed lines in Fig. 2.
- a plate 7 is welded to either end of the beam, for transmitting the beam load to such as a column support.
- the beam in accordance with the invention can be fabricated very simply, since ordinary automatic welding equipment can be used. As distinct from the other beams of hollow beam type described above, only two longitudinal welds are required instead of four.
- welding the means 6 to the top flanges 5 only requires short fillet welds.
- the beam can be prefabricated in the shops and erected on site. After erecting the floor elements 8 ( Figure 3) on the beam bearing plate 4, topping concrete 9 is poured over the floor elements 8. The beam cavity and the space between the elements 8 and beam is filled with concrete 10 at the same time. Effective static co-action with the aid of the means 6 is obtained between the beam and the cast concrete, which considerably increases the carrying capacity and rigidity of the structure, compared with beams, of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which have the same steel weight or structural height.
- the embodiment of the beam in accordance with the present invention is also favourable with regard to the effect of fire.
- a substantial part of the carrying capacity is contributed by the bottom flanges 3 of the channels 1, and these flanges are protected by the bearing plate 4.
- the bearing plate 4 is still a direct radiation protector for the flanges 3, and in combination with the cast concrete, which has great heat capacity, the temperature rise in the flanges 3 is slower than for the bottom flanges in conventional beams of the hollow box type. This condition, and that the cast concrete will take over an increasing part of the carrying capacity if there is a fire, ensures that the beam is given substantial fire resistance without the bearing plate 4 needing to be fire insulated at all.
- An embodiment of the present invention for further increasing the carrying capacity and fire resistance is to arrange one or more reinforcement bars 11 in the beam cavity, as illustrated in Figure 4.
- the bars 11 are fastened to the beam before the means 6 are welded in place and can suitably be suspended in these means.
- the bars 11 are placed at a spacing from the bottom of the beam such that they are kept sufficiently cool for the required fire resistance time, simultaneously as the distance to the upper side of the beam is selected as being sufficiently large for giving an effective moment arm.
- Reinforcement bars 12 can also be arranged in the vicinity of the upper flanges 5 of the channels 1, thereby to increase the steel area in the upper zone of the beam.
- a still further embodiment of the beam in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Figure 5 and can give extremely long fire resistance times.
- a thin heat insulation layer 13 is arranged between the bearing plate 4 and the bottom flanges 3 of the channels 1. Although this insulation is thin, together with the high heat capacity of the cast concrete it gives a radical delay of the temperature rise in the bottom flanges 3 of the channels 1 when there is a fire, which has great importance for the carrying capacity of the beam and thereby its fire resistance.
- FIG. 6 and 7 Another embodiment of the beam in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, where the reinforcement 11 is utilized for pre-stressing the beam, thus giving the beam camber.
- Pre-stressing can be adjusted, for example, so that it compensates the deflection caused by the own weight of the floor structure.
- the pre-tension can be achieved, e.g. by a reinforcement bar 11 being made somewhat longer than the distance between the end plates 7 of the beam, the bar 11 being threaded at either end for nuts 14, the bar then being tensioned by the nuts between the end plates 7.
- the latter can be provided with elongate slots 15.
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- Architecture (AREA)
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a prefabricated steel beam intended as a load-bearing structure for structural flooring and where such flooring is preferably made from fabricated concrete elements. The beam has a bottom flange projecting out on either side and is formed such as to come within the depth of the structural flooring, and such that static co-action is obtained between the steel beam and concrete suitably cast on site in connection with the normal pouring of topping concrete on the flooring elements. Such a beam is known from, for example SE-A-448 897. Due its special implementation the beam has great rigidity in relation to steel weight and structural height as well as its obtaining great fire resistance.
- Steel beams are becoming more and more usual as supporting structures to flooring structures in multistorey buildings. Depending on the number of storeys and the activity which is to be carried out in the building, there is usually a requirement of between one and two hours fire resistance for the beam and flooring structure.
- A conventional implementation is to use rolled steel joists of H or I section with the floor structure bearing on the upper flange. A disadvantage here is that the total flooring structure depth will be large. The downwardly projecting supporting beams also make ventilation and cable laying more difficult. The beams must also be suitably protected to obtain necessary fire resistance. This must often be done by cladding the entire beams by such as plasterboard.
- A method of reducing some of the above mentioned disadvanages is to have the flooring structure bearing on the bottom flanges of the supporting beams. The total flooring structure depth is thus reduced and ventilation and cable laying is simplified. Fire protection of the beams is also simplified since only the bottom flange will be exposed to fire, while the inner parts of the beam remain cool, due to the surrounding concrete, against the effect of fire for a long time. The required fire protection is normally accomplished by the bottom flanges of the beams being painted with fire protective (infumescent) paint. A disadvantage with this implementation is that the structural height of the beam is limited by the depth of the floor structure. In certain cases this can mean difficulties in achieving sufficient rigidity for long spans. The greatest disadvantage is, however, the difficulty of erecting the flooring elements, since their ends must be thrust in between the flanges of the beam.
- In order primarily to obviate the latter problem, beams supporting flooring structures have been developed with a closed hollow section and laterally projecting bottom flanges. The beams are fabricated by four plates being welded together with continuous welds. A disadvantage with these beams is that they are more expensive in fabrication than rolled sections with the same weight or with the same load bearing capacity, inter alia due to fabrication requiring expensive special machines for welding. A further development of this kind of beam is the one illustrated and described in the Swedish published specification SE-A-448 897. This beam is fabricated by plates being welded to the toes of a rolled H-section beam. The flanges of the section will now be "webs" in the new box beam, and the original web of the section will be an intermediate "flange". This beam can be fabricated using ordinary automatic welding equipment and is therefore cheaper in fabrication than the above mentioned beam with a hollow box section. On the other hand, economoy of material will generally be worse, since the comparatively thick "webs" and intermediate "flange" are not optimum from the aspect of stress analysis. Beam weight for a given rigidity or carrying capacity would therefore generally be greater. Fire resistance is possibly somewhat better than for the ordinary hollow beam, due to the comparatively heavy "webs", where temperature increase in a fire is limited, answering for a greater proportion of the carrying capacity. On the other hand, the underside of the beam must be painted with fire protective paint if fire resistance times of an hour are to be achieved, the alternative being that the beam is not statically utilized up to permitted values, which then causes material economy to deteriorate even further.
- In all the above mentioned embodiments it is difficult to achieve any great degree of static co-action between beam and concrete topping, since the latter will be very restricted round the beam. Static co-action here could increase fire resistance as well as carrying capacity and rigidity. The latter is very important, since particularly rigidity can be a problem for beams which are to be kept within the depth of the flooring structure due to the limited structural height available.
- The present invention has the object of achieving a prefabricated steel beam of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which dispenses with the above mentioned problems by the implementation of the beam resulting in that substantial static co-action with concrete is obtained, and that the implementation otherwise is such that the bottom flange does not need to be coated with fire protective paint, not even for very high fire resistance requirements.
- The invention will now be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, where
- Figure 1 is a cross section of a prefabricated beam in accordance with the present invention
- Figure 2 is a side view of the beam in Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a cross section of the beam according to Figures 1 and 2, when it is erected on site and carries two floor elements
- Figure 4 is a cross section of a second embodiment of the beam in accordance with the invention carrying two floor elements
- Figure 5 is a cross section of a third embodiment of the beam in accordance with the invention carrying two floor elements
- Figure 6 is a schematic longitudinal section through a fourth embodiment of a beam in accordance with the invention and
- Figure 7 is an end view, partly in section of the beam illustrated in Figure 6.
- As will be seen in cross section from Figure 1, a beam in accordance with the invention includes two mutually spaced rolled
steel channels 1 with their toes facing each other. Thewebs 2 of thechannels 1 form webs in this new beam section and from the aspect of material economy this achieves advantages compared with the beam according to SE-A-448 897, since thechannel webs 2 are thinner than the flanges of the appropriate H-section. Thebottom flanges 3 of thechannels 1 are welded to abearing plate 4. At a pre-determined spacing there are means 6 welded at right angles to the longitudinal extension of thechannels 1 for the transmission of shear force and static co-action between the beam and concrete, which is poured between the channels later. Themeans 6 may be such as small angled sections or reinforcement bars, the spacing between them being determined by the loads to be transmitted. Alternatively, themeans 6 may bescrews 6′, so-called studs projecting from or in the vicinity of theflanges 5 and fastened thereto e.g. by welding, thescrews 6′ being schematically shown by dashed lines in Fig. 2. Aplate 7 is welded to either end of the beam, for transmitting the beam load to such as a column support. The beam in accordance with the invention can be fabricated very simply, since ordinary automatic welding equipment can be used. As distinct from the other beams of hollow beam type described above, only two longitudinal welds are required instead of four. Welding themeans 6 to thetop flanges 5 only requires short fillet welds. The beam can be prefabricated in the shops and erected on site. After erecting the floor elements 8 (Figure 3) on thebeam bearing plate 4, toppingconcrete 9 is poured over thefloor elements 8. The beam cavity and the space between theelements 8 and beam is filled withconcrete 10 at the same time. Effective static co-action with the aid of themeans 6 is obtained between the beam and the cast concrete, which considerably increases the carrying capacity and rigidity of the structure, compared with beams, of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which have the same steel weight or structural height. - The embodiment of the beam in accordance with the present invention is also favourable with regard to the effect of fire. A substantial part of the carrying capacity is contributed by the
bottom flanges 3 of thechannels 1, and these flanges are protected by thebearing plate 4. Even though steel has high heat conductivity, thebearing plate 4 is still a direct radiation protector for theflanges 3, and in combination with the cast concrete, which has great heat capacity, the temperature rise in theflanges 3 is slower than for the bottom flanges in conventional beams of the hollow box type. This condition, and that the cast concrete will take over an increasing part of the carrying capacity if there is a fire, ensures that the beam is given substantial fire resistance without thebearing plate 4 needing to be fire insulated at all. - An embodiment of the present invention for further increasing the carrying capacity and fire resistance is to arrange one or
more reinforcement bars 11 in the beam cavity, as illustrated in Figure 4. Thebars 11 are fastened to the beam before themeans 6 are welded in place and can suitably be suspended in these means. Thebars 11 are placed at a spacing from the bottom of the beam such that they are kept sufficiently cool for the required fire resistance time, simultaneously as the distance to the upper side of the beam is selected as being sufficiently large for giving an effective moment arm.Reinforcement bars 12 can also be arranged in the vicinity of theupper flanges 5 of thechannels 1, thereby to increase the steel area in the upper zone of the beam. - A still further embodiment of the beam in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Figure 5 and can give extremely long fire resistance times. A thin
heat insulation layer 13 is arranged between thebearing plate 4 and thebottom flanges 3 of thechannels 1. Although this insulation is thin, together with the high heat capacity of the cast concrete it gives a radical delay of the temperature rise in thebottom flanges 3 of thechannels 1 when there is a fire, which has great importance for the carrying capacity of the beam and thereby its fire resistance. - Another embodiment of the beam in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, where the
reinforcement 11 is utilized for pre-stressing the beam, thus giving the beam camber. Pre-stressing can be adjusted, for example, so that it compensates the deflection caused by the own weight of the floor structure. The pre-tension can be achieved, e.g. by areinforcement bar 11 being made somewhat longer than the distance between theend plates 7 of the beam, thebar 11 being threaded at either end fornuts 14, the bar then being tensioned by the nuts between theend plates 7. To provide easy placing of thebar 11 between theend plates 7 the latter can be provided withelongate slots 15.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88850148T ATE64974T1 (en) | 1987-05-11 | 1988-04-29 | STEEL BEAM CO-WORKING WITH CONCRETE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8701937A SE457364B (en) | 1987-05-11 | 1987-05-11 | FIRE-RESISTABLE BEAM LAYER Beam OF STEEL IN CONNECTION WITH CONCRETE |
SE8701937 | 1987-05-11 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0292449A2 EP0292449A2 (en) | 1988-11-23 |
EP0292449A3 EP0292449A3 (en) | 1989-02-01 |
EP0292449B1 true EP0292449B1 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
Family
ID=20368481
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88850148A Expired - Lifetime EP0292449B1 (en) | 1987-05-11 | 1988-04-29 | Fire resistant steel beam coacting with concrete |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0292449B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE64974T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3863487D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK164181C (en) |
FI (1) | FI86326C (en) |
NO (1) | NO167521C (en) |
SE (1) | SE457364B (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0328986A1 (en) * | 1988-02-19 | 1989-08-23 | Arbed S.A. | Composite girder incorporated in the floor |
WO1990001596A1 (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1990-02-22 | Liittopalkki Oy | A system comprising a connector beam and a connector plate |
WO1990012173A1 (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-10-18 | Deltatek Oy | A fire-resistant prefabricated steel beam |
WO1990015907A1 (en) * | 1989-06-15 | 1990-12-27 | Thor Joergen | Improvements in and relating to composite beams |
EP0675243A1 (en) * | 1994-03-30 | 1995-10-04 | Laubeuf S.A. | Fire resistant supporting profile, in particular for a glass-wall and arrangement including the same |
US5560176A (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1996-10-01 | Deltatek Oy | Prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam |
EP1405961A1 (en) | 2002-10-05 | 2004-04-07 | Dywidag-Systems International GmbH | Steel-concrete structure for floor slabs |
DE202015104628U1 (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2016-12-05 | Pfeifer Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Support beam for ceiling systems and ceiling system |
DE102018212750A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Pfeifer Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Support beams for ceiling systems, ceiling system and process for their production |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI930696A (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 1994-08-18 | Deltatek Oy | Prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam |
FR2718174B1 (en) * | 1994-03-30 | 1996-05-03 | Laubeuf | Supporting profile with high thermal resistance and arrangement, for example glass roof, comprising such a profile. |
US6442908B1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2002-09-03 | Peter A. Naccarato | Open web dissymmetric beam construction |
KR100416877B1 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2004-01-31 | 한국건설기술연구원 | steel beam with open section and composite structure using the same |
KR100477189B1 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2005-03-17 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Lattice beam for slim floor system |
FI20021934A (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-07-16 | Tartuntamarkkinointi Oy | Composite beam |
FI5914U1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2003-08-25 | Teraespeikko Oy | steel beam |
NL1031896C1 (en) * | 2006-05-29 | 2007-11-30 | Anne Pieter Van Driesum | Beam for supporting floor plates, as well as base plate, combination plate or support rod as part of such a beam. |
KR100787133B1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2007-12-21 | 주식회사 하모니구조엔지니어링 | Built up box beam for filling concrete and connection structure thereof |
CN103114680B (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2015-10-21 | 江苏中宝钢构有限公司 | J section steel on light-duty steel construction house |
CN104264899B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-05-11 | 上海天华建筑设计有限公司 | Embedded outsourcing U-shaped steel-concrete composite beam |
IT201600078034A1 (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-01-26 | Pasquale Impero | ELEMENT IN REINFORCED CONCRETE, RELATED CONCRETE BEAM AND CONCRETE FLOOR |
ES2681568A1 (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-09-13 | Universitat Politècnica De València | FLAT BEAM WITH IMPROVED FIRE RESISTANCE FOR STEEL-CONCRETE FORGINGS AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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US2731824A (en) * | 1956-01-24 | hadley | ||
US1957176A (en) * | 1930-08-09 | 1934-05-01 | Ferrocon Corp | Beam construction |
CH188563A (en) * | 1936-02-26 | 1937-01-15 | Isele Suter Oscar | Space-enclosing construction. |
DE1016427B (en) * | 1948-12-27 | 1957-09-26 | Carl Abraham Forssell | Process for cold stretching of concrete reinforcement layers |
US4211045A (en) * | 1977-01-20 | 1980-07-08 | Kajima Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Building structure |
AT386237B (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1988-07-25 | Feichtmayr Josef | ELONG STRETCH SUPPORT ELEMENT FOR SUPPORT CONSTRUCTIONS AND CEILING MADE WITH SUCH SUPPORT ELEMENTS |
LU85753A1 (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-09-02 | Arbed | LATCH SUPPORT CONNECTION |
-
1987
- 1987-05-11 SE SE8701937A patent/SE457364B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-04-29 AT AT88850148T patent/ATE64974T1/en active
- 1988-04-29 EP EP88850148A patent/EP0292449B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-29 DE DE8888850148T patent/DE3863487D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-10 NO NO882044A patent/NO167521C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-10 DK DK256388A patent/DK164181C/en active
- 1988-05-10 FI FI882186A patent/FI86326C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0328986A1 (en) * | 1988-02-19 | 1989-08-23 | Arbed S.A. | Composite girder incorporated in the floor |
WO1990001596A1 (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1990-02-22 | Liittopalkki Oy | A system comprising a connector beam and a connector plate |
WO1990012173A1 (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-10-18 | Deltatek Oy | A fire-resistant prefabricated steel beam |
WO1990015907A1 (en) * | 1989-06-15 | 1990-12-27 | Thor Joergen | Improvements in and relating to composite beams |
US5560176A (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1996-10-01 | Deltatek Oy | Prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam |
AU680648B2 (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1997-08-07 | Deltatek Oy | Prefabricated steel-concrete composite beam |
EP0675243A1 (en) * | 1994-03-30 | 1995-10-04 | Laubeuf S.A. | Fire resistant supporting profile, in particular for a glass-wall and arrangement including the same |
EP1405961A1 (en) | 2002-10-05 | 2004-04-07 | Dywidag-Systems International GmbH | Steel-concrete structure for floor slabs |
DE202015104628U1 (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2016-12-05 | Pfeifer Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Support beam for ceiling systems and ceiling system |
DE102018212750A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Pfeifer Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Support beams for ceiling systems, ceiling system and process for their production |
US11959278B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2024-04-16 | Pfeifer Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Supporting beam for slab systems, slab system, and method for the production thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK164181C (en) | 1992-10-12 |
DK164181B (en) | 1992-05-18 |
DE3863487D1 (en) | 1991-08-08 |
ATE64974T1 (en) | 1991-07-15 |
NO882044D0 (en) | 1988-05-10 |
NO167521B (en) | 1991-08-05 |
NO882044L (en) | 1988-11-14 |
FI86326B (en) | 1992-04-30 |
FI882186A0 (en) | 1988-05-10 |
FI882186A (en) | 1988-11-12 |
EP0292449A2 (en) | 1988-11-23 |
FI86326C (en) | 1992-08-10 |
NO167521C (en) | 1991-11-13 |
SE8701937D0 (en) | 1987-05-11 |
DK256388D0 (en) | 1988-05-10 |
SE457364B (en) | 1988-12-19 |
DK256388A (en) | 1988-11-12 |
EP0292449A3 (en) | 1989-02-01 |
SE8701937L (en) | 1988-11-12 |
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