EP0291891A1 - Process for applying conversion coatings on titanium - Google Patents
Process for applying conversion coatings on titanium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0291891A1 EP0291891A1 EP88107776A EP88107776A EP0291891A1 EP 0291891 A1 EP0291891 A1 EP 0291891A1 EP 88107776 A EP88107776 A EP 88107776A EP 88107776 A EP88107776 A EP 88107776A EP 0291891 A1 EP0291891 A1 EP 0291891A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- concentration
- solution
- weight ratio
- metal ions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 fluoride ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-QWKBTXIPSA-N gallotannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-QWKBTXIPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for producing conversion coatings on surfaces of titanium or titanium alloys by means of aqueous solutions which contain fluoride ions and one or more metal ions from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc and molybdenum and a pH value have above 1.5 and its application for the preparation of workpieces made of titanium or titanium alloys for cold forming.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for applying conversion coatings on titanium or titanium alloys which does not have the known, in particular the aforementioned disadvantages, and which permits the production of firmly adhering conversion coatings which are particularly suitable as a lubricant carrier layer.
- the fluoride is usually introduced in the form of hydrogen fluoride, bifluoride or fluoride.
- Particularly suitable bifluorides or fluorides are those of sodium, potassium or ammonium. In this respect, the choice of the type of contribution is arbitrary.
- the fluoride concentration is below 5 g / l, the caustic effect of the solution on titanium or titanium alloy is insufficient and the coating formation is low. In the event that the concentration exceeds 40 g / l, the etching effect becomes too strong and the coating formation is also low.
- the nitrate is introduced via nitric acid or its salts, for example as sodium, potassium or ammonium nitrate.
- the importance of the nitrate is primarily to oxidize the hydrogen formed when the solution is attacked on the titanium surface and thereby prevent embrittlement of the titanium or the titanium alloy by absorption of hydrogen. If the nitrate concentration is measured in such a way that the ratio of NO3: F falls below 0.005, the effect of the nitrate with regard to the oxidation of hydrogen is inadequate and embrittlement of the titanium surface cannot be ruled out with certainty. in the As a result, the liability of the conversion coating would be reduced. On the other hand, the coating adhesion is reduced even if the NO3 / F ratio of 0.2 is exceeded. Only if the NO3 / F ratio of 0.005 to 0.2 is observed, that is if the nitrate concentration is adjusted to the fluoride concentration actually present, is it ensured that conversion coatings of the desired quality are obtained.
- Sulfate is usually introduced into the solution via sulfuric acid or sulfate or bisulfate of sodium or ammonium.
- the sulfate is used in particular to support the action of the metal ions in the treatment solution. If the sulfate content is below the SO4 / F ratio of 0.02, the solubility of the metal ions in the solution is reduced and there is some tendency for the metal ions to precipitate. This in turn results in disadvantageous layer formation. In contrast, when the SO Mattersch / F ratio exceeds 0.5, the etching effect on the titanium is increased and the deposition of titanium compound becomes weaker. As a result, coatings with poor adhesion and coarseness would be formed.
- the metal ions in the solution are presumably used for nucleation for the deposition of the conversion coating. To achieve such an effect, a certain minimum content of metal ions is required. If, on the other hand, the metal ion content becomes too high, the deposition of titanium compound, which forms the main component of the conversion coating, with special needs. Since the amount of titanium compound to be deposited depends on the amount of fluoride, which in turn determines the extent of the etching, the amount of metal ions must be adjusted in relation to the amount of fluoride ions. That is, the metal ion / F ratio must be in the range of 0.02 to 0.5. If the ratio is less than 0.02, the amount of metal ions in the solution is too small and does not cause high quality coating. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.5, the metal ions tend to precipitate. It is then impossible to obtain fine and sufficient amounts of deposited crystal nuclei.
- Suitable organic chelating agents are in particular organic acids, such as gluconic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, malic acid, but also ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
- the effect of the organic chelating agent is presumably based on increasing the effectiveness of the metal ions and thereby improving the formation of the conversion coating.
- the concentration of the chelating agent is in the range from 0.1 to 2 g / l. Within this area, he makes a significant contribution to improving coating training. If its concentration is below 0.1 g / l, an improving effect is practically undetectable, while quantities greater than 2 g / l have no additional effect.
- a variety of compounds are useful with respect to the water-soluble organic polymer.
- polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone are particularly suitable. In any case, a considerable effect is achieved with these substances.
- concentration of the chelating agent there is practically no dependence on the fluoride ion content in the concentration of the organic polymer.
- the content of the organic polymer in the coating solution is in the range of 0.1 to 10 g / l. It also favors the formation of the conversion coating. If the content is below 0.1 g / l, practically no improvement is achieved, whereas no further improving effect can be found if the limit of 10 g is exceeded. On the contrary, the coating training may be impaired.
- surfactant those of an anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic character are suitable.
- Amphoteric and nonionic surfactants are preferred.
- condensates come as nonionic surfactants higher alcohols of the type RO- [CH2-CH2-O-] n -H, of higher aliphatic acids of the type R-CO-O - [- CH2-CH2-O-] n -H, of higher aliphatic acid amides of the type R-CO ⁇ NH - [- CH2-CH2-O-] n -H, of higher alkyl amines of the type and of alkylphenols of the type into consideration.
- amphoteric surfactants those of the betaine type, the glycine type, the alanine type, etc. are suitable. These can all be used within the method according to the invention.
- the concentration of surfactants in the treatment liquid ranges from 0.01 to 3 g / l.
- the surfactant also favors the formation of the conversion coating. No effect can be seen at concentrations below 0.01 g / l, whereas no additional effect can be achieved at concentrations above 3 g / l. Instead, the higher content of the surfactant in the treatment liquid only has an adverse effect on the wastewater treatment.
- One or more types of the abovementioned additives from the group of the organic chelating agents, the water-soluble organic polymers and the surfactants can be provided, the respective permissible concentrations then having to be observed.
- the pH of the treatment solution to be used in the process according to the invention is in the range from 1.5 to 5.
- the surfaces are brought into contact with a solution which has a pH of 2 to 3.5.
- the pH is usually adjusted with alkalis, such as with ammonia or sodium hydroxide solution or with sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid.
- alkalis such as with ammonia or sodium hydroxide solution or with sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid.
- a pH value below 1.5 increases the caustic effect of the solution on titanium or titanium alloys considerably and also leads to coarse and less adhesive coatings. At pH above 5 there is practically no coating formation.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the metal surfaces are brought into contact with the solution at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C., preferably 45 to 55 ° C., and the treatment time is 3 to 15 minutes. adjust. If the treatment temperature is below 40 ° C, the reactivity of the solution drops, while at temperatures higher than 80 ° C the reactivity increases and becomes too intense. Both cases are inherently undesirable in attempting to obtain well adherent coatings.
- the method according to the invention serves to generate conversion layers for purposes for which such coatings are usually applied.
- a lubricant is applied after the conversion treatment.
- Particularly suitable lubricants are molybdenum disulfide, metal soaps, press oils, waxes, resins and the like.
- the advantage of the invention is that uniform and outstandingly adhering coatings are obtained which allow a high reduction in cross-section even under the highest demands, namely during cold forming. A peeling of the conversion coating is prevented and the lubricant film on the surface of the fixed workpiece to be formed.
- the fact that the conversion coating has a large number of very fine pores makes it particularly suitable as a lubricant carrier layer.
- Wire rod of the type mentioned in Example 1 was brightly annealed and then subjected to the process mentioned in Example 1 without any conversion treatment.
- Wire rod of the type mentioned in Example 1 was annealed in a conventional manner.
- the wire rod provided with scale was then treated with lubricant according to Example 1.
- the wire drawing was repeated under the tabulated conditions and was stopped as soon as signs of seizure appeared.
- the lubricant treatment was done as shown in Table 5.
- Wire rod of the aforementioned nature was polished and subjected to the conversion treatment according to Table 1.
- a lubricant treatment was then carried out as shown in Table 5.
- the individual workpieces were formed by cold upsetting under the same conditions.
- the type of lubricant treatment and the results observed during the forming are shown in Table 5.
- Ti-3AL-2.5V quality cylinders with a diameter of 2.5 mm and a height of 7 mm were cleaned by blasting and then subjected to the conversion treatment as in the case of Example 1.
- Lubricant treatment and lubrication behavior are given in Table 6.
- the aforesaid blasted material was converted according to Table 1 and subjected to the lubricant treatment of Example 2.
- the cold forming was then carried out by cold extrusion under the same conditions. The details are given in Table 6.
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Abstract
Bei einem Verfahren zur Erzeugung von festhaftenden und insbesondere der Vorbereitung für die Kaltumformung dienenden Konversionsüberzügen auf Oberflächen von Titan oder Titanlegierungen arbeitet man mit einer Lösung, die a) 5 bis 40 g/l Fluorid, b) Nitrat in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von NO3:F wie 0,005 bi 0,2, c) Sulfat in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von SO4:F wie 0,02 bis 0,5, d) mindestens eines der Metallionen Magnesium, Kalzium, Mangan, Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, Zink oder Molybdän in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von Me:F wie 0,02 bis 0,5 sowie, e) wenigstens eine Substanz aus der Gruppe der organischen Chelatbildner mit einer Konzentration von 0,1 bis 2 g/l, wasserlöslichen organischen Polymere mit einer Konzentration von 0,1 bis 10 g/l und Tenside mit einer Konzentration von 0,01 bis 3 g/l enthält und einen pH-Wert von 1,5 bis 5,0 aufweist. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Temperatur der Lösung 40 bis 80°C und ihre Einwirkungsdauer 3 bis 15 min.In a process for producing firmly adhering and in particular the preparation for cold forming conversion coatings on surfaces of titanium or titanium alloys, a solution is used which a) 5 to 40 g / l fluoride, b) nitrate in a weight ratio of NO3: F as 0.005 to 0.2, c) sulfate in a weight ratio of SO4: F such as 0.02 to 0.5, d) at least one of the metal ions magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc or molybdenum in a weight ratio of Me: F as 0.02 to 0.5 and, e) at least one substance from the group of organic chelating agents with a concentration of 0.1 to 2 g / l, water-soluble organic polymers with a concentration of 0.1 to 10 g / l and surfactants with a concentration of 0.01 to 3 g / l and a pH of 1.5 to 5.0. The temperature of the solution is preferably 40 to 80 ° C. and its exposure time is 3 to 15 min.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Konversionsüberzügen auf Oberflächen von Titan oder Titanlegierungen mittels wäßriger Lösungen, die Fluoridionen und ein oder mehrere Metallionen aus der Gruppe Magnesium, Kalzium, Mangan, Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, Zink und Molybdän enthalten sowie einen pH-Wert oberhalb 1,5 aufweisen und dessen Anwendung zur Vorbereitung von Werkstücken aus Titan oder Titanlegierungen für die Kaltumformung.The invention relates to a process for producing conversion coatings on surfaces of titanium or titanium alloys by means of aqueous solutions which contain fluoride ions and one or more metal ions from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc and molybdenum and a pH value have above 1.5 and its application for the preparation of workpieces made of titanium or titanium alloys for cold forming.
Es ist bekannt, Werkstücke aus Titan oder Titanlegierungen mit einem die Kaltumformung erleichternden Überzug aus Titanfluoborat, Titanfluosilikat und dgl. zu versehen. Jedoch sind diese Überzüge weich und dünn und darüber hinaus wenig haftfest. Weiterhin ist es bekannt, auf Titan oder Titanlegierungen Konversionsüberzüge mit Lösungen zu erzeugen, die Fluoride von Mangan, Molybdän, Magnesium, Kalzium, Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel und/oder Zink enthalten (Japanische Patentpublikation 69-28 967). Obgleich mit derartigen Lösungen, die üblicherweise bei einem pH-Wert von 1,5 bis 4,5 und bei einer Temperatur von 40 bis 80°C arbeiten, Konversionsschichten von höherer Qualität erzeugt werden, ist die erhaltene Haftfähigkeit nicht hoch genug, um eine befriedigende Kaltumformung bei z.B. hoher Querschnittsverringerung und hoher Umformungsgeschwindigkeit zu gewährleisten. Bei den mit Schmiermitteln behandelten Werkstücken treten zudem häufig Anfreßerscheinungen auf, die auf den mangelhaft haftenden Basisüberzug zurückgehen und die an sich erwünschte Vielfalt der Anwendungsmöglichkeit beschränken.It is known to provide workpieces made of titanium or titanium alloys with a coating made of titanium fluoroborate, titanium fluorosilicate and the like, which facilitates cold forming. However, these coatings are soft and thin and, moreover, have little adhesion. It is also known to produce conversion coatings on titanium or titanium alloys with solutions which contain fluorides of manganese, molybdenum, magnesium, calcium, iron, cobalt, nickel and / or zinc (Japanese patent publication 69-28,967). Although conversion layers of higher quality are produced with such solutions, which usually operate at a pH of 1.5 to 4.5 and at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C., the adhesiveness obtained is not high enough to be satisfactory To ensure cold forming with, for example, a large reduction in cross section and high forming speed. In the case of workpieces treated with lubricants, there are also frequent signs of seizure, which can be traced back to the poorly adhering base coating and limit the desired variety of possible uses.
Schließlich ist es bekannt, den vorstehend definierten Lösung zur Erzeugung von Konversionsschichten zusätzlich Chelatbildner, wasserlösliche, hochmolekulare organische Verbindung und Tensid zuzusetzen (DE-A-36 27 249). Jedoch sind auch die nach diesem Verfahren erzeugten Konversionsschichten noch nicht von der gewünschten Qualität.Finally, it is known to additionally add chelating agents, water-soluble, high-molecular organic compound and surfactant to the solution for producing conversion layers defined above (DE-A-36 27 249). However, the conversion layers produced using this method are still not of the desired quality.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Konversionsüberzügen auf Titan oder Titanlegierungen bereitzustellen, daß die bekannten, insbesondere vorgenannten Nachteile nicht besitzt und die Erzeugung fest haftender, insbesondere als Schmiermittelträgerschicht geeigneter Konversionsüberzüge gestattet.The object of the invention is to provide a method for applying conversion coatings on titanium or titanium alloys which does not have the known, in particular the aforementioned disadvantages, and which permits the production of firmly adhering conversion coatings which are particularly suitable as a lubricant carrier layer.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst, indem das Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art entsprechend der Erfindung derart ausgestaltet wird, daß man die Oberflächen mit einer Lösung in Kontakt bringt, die
- a) 5 bis 40 g/l Fluorid
- b) Nitrat in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von NO₃:F wie 0,005 bis 0,2
- c) Sulfat in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von SO₄:F wie 0,02 bis 0,5
- d) mindestens eines der Metallionen Magnesium, Kalzium, Mangan, Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, Zink oder Molybdän in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von Me:F wie 0,02 bis 0,5 sowie
- e) wenigstens eine Substanz aus der Gruppe der organischen Chelatbildner mit einer Konzentration von 0,1 bis 2 g/l, wasserlöslichen organischen Polymere mit einer Konzentration von 0,1 bis 10 g/l und Tenside mit einer Konzentration von 0,01 bis 3 g/l
- a) 5 to 40 g / l fluoride
- b) nitrate in a weight ratio of NO₃: F as 0.005 to 0.2
- c) sulfate in a weight ratio of SO₄: F such as 0.02 to 0.5
- d) at least one of the metal ions magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc or molybdenum in a weight ratio of Me: F such as 0.02 to 0.5 and
- e) at least one substance from the group of organic chelating agents with a concentration of 0.1 to 2 g / l, water-soluble organic polymers with a concentration of 0.1 to 10 g / l and surfactants with a concentration of 0.01 to 3 g / l
Das Fluorid wird üblicherweise in Form von Fluorwasserstoff, Bifluorid oder Fluorid eingebracht. Besonders geeignete Bifluoride oder Fluoride sind die des Natriums, Kaliums oder Ammoniums. Insoweit ist die Wahl der Einbringungsform beliebig.The fluoride is usually introduced in the form of hydrogen fluoride, bifluoride or fluoride. Particularly suitable bifluorides or fluorides are those of sodium, potassium or ammonium. In this respect, the choice of the type of contribution is arbitrary.
Für den Fall, daß die Fluoridkonzentration unterhalb 5 g/l liegt, ist die Ätzwirkung der Lösung auf Titan oder Titanlegierung ungenügend und die Überzugsausbildung gering. Im Falle, daß die Konzentration 40 g/l übersteigt, wird die Ätzwirkung zu stark und die Überzugsausbildung ebenfalls gering.In the event that the fluoride concentration is below 5 g / l, the caustic effect of the solution on titanium or titanium alloy is insufficient and the coating formation is low. In the event that the concentration exceeds 40 g / l, the etching effect becomes too strong and the coating formation is also low.
Das Nitrat wird über Salpetersäure oder deren Salze, z.B. als Natrium-, Kalium- oder Ammonium-Nitrat eingetragen. Die Bedeutung des Nitrates besteht in erster Linie darin, den beim Beizangriff der Lösung auf die Titanoberfläche gebildeten Wasserstoff zu oxidieren und dadurch eine Versprödung des Titans oder der Titanlegierung durch Absorption von Wasserstoff zu verhindern. Bei einer Bemessung der Nitratkonzentration derart, daß das Verhältnis von NO₃:F von 0,005 unterschritten wird, ist die Wirkung des Nitrates hinsichtlich der Oxidation des Wasserstoffs unzureichend und eine Versprödung der Titanoberfläche nicht mit Sicherheit ausgeschlossen. Im Ergebnis würde die Haftung des Konversionsüberzuges verringert. Auf der anderen Seite wird auch bei einem Überschreiten des NO₃/F-Verhältnisses von 0,2 die Überzugshaftung verringert. Allein bei Einhaltung des NO₃/F-Verhältnisses von 0,005 bis 0,2, also bei Abstimmung der Nitratkonzentration auf die tatsächlich vorhandene Fluoridkonzentration, ist gewährleistet, daß Konversionsüberzüge der erwünschten Qualität erhalten werden.The nitrate is introduced via nitric acid or its salts, for example as sodium, potassium or ammonium nitrate. The importance of the nitrate is primarily to oxidize the hydrogen formed when the solution is attacked on the titanium surface and thereby prevent embrittlement of the titanium or the titanium alloy by absorption of hydrogen. If the nitrate concentration is measured in such a way that the ratio of NO₃: F falls below 0.005, the effect of the nitrate with regard to the oxidation of hydrogen is inadequate and embrittlement of the titanium surface cannot be ruled out with certainty. in the As a result, the liability of the conversion coating would be reduced. On the other hand, the coating adhesion is reduced even if the NO₃ / F ratio of 0.2 is exceeded. Only if the NO₃ / F ratio of 0.005 to 0.2 is observed, that is if the nitrate concentration is adjusted to the fluoride concentration actually present, is it ensured that conversion coatings of the desired quality are obtained.
Sulfat wird üblicherweie über Schwefelsäure oder Sulfat bzw. Bisulfat von Natrium oder Ammonium in die Lösung eingebracht. Das Sulfat dient insbesondere dazu, die Wirkung der Metallionen in der Behandlungslösung zu unterstützen. Wenn der Gehalt an Sulfat unterhalb des SO₄/F-Verhältnisses von 0,02 liegt, ist die Löslichkeit der Metallionen in der Lösung verringert und es besteht eine gewisse Neigung zur Ausfällung der Metallionen. Dies hat wiederum eine nachteilige Schichtausbildung zur Folge. Im Gegensatz hierzu wird beim Überschreiten des SO₄/F-Verhältnisses von 0,5 die Ätzwirkung auf das Titan verstärkt und die Abscheidung von Titanverbindung wird schwächer. Als Folge hiervon würden Überzüge mit geringer Haftung und Grobkörnigkeit gebildet.Sulfate is usually introduced into the solution via sulfuric acid or sulfate or bisulfate of sodium or ammonium. The sulfate is used in particular to support the action of the metal ions in the treatment solution. If the sulfate content is below the SO₄ / F ratio of 0.02, the solubility of the metal ions in the solution is reduced and there is some tendency for the metal ions to precipitate. This in turn results in disadvantageous layer formation. In contrast, when the SO Übersch / F ratio exceeds 0.5, the etching effect on the titanium is increased and the deposition of titanium compound becomes weaker. As a result, coatings with poor adhesion and coarseness would be formed.
Die in der Lösung befindlichen Metallionen dienen vermutlich der Keimbildung für die Abscheidung des Konversionsüberzuges. Damit ein derartiger Effekt erreicht wird, ist ein gewisser Mindestgehalt an Metallionen erforderlich. Wird hingegen der Metallionengehalt zu hoch, wird die Abscheidung von Titanverbindung, die den Hauptbestandteil des Konversionsüberzuges bildet, behindert. Da die Menge der abzuscheidenden Titanverbindung von der Menge des Fluorids abhängt, das wiederum das Ausmaß der Ätzung bestimmt, ist die Menge der Metallionen in Relation zu der Menge von Fluoridionen einzustellen. Das heißt, das Metallionen/F-Verhältnis muß im Bereich von 0,02 bis 0,5 liegen. Sofern das Verhältnis geringer als 0,02 ist, ist die Metallionenmenge in der Lösung zu klein und verursacht keine Überzugsbildung hoher Qualität. Wenn er hingegen 0,5 übersteigt, neigen die Metallionen zur Ausfällung. Es ist dann unmöglich, feine und ausreichende Mengen von abgeschiedenen Kristallkeimen zu erhalten.The metal ions in the solution are presumably used for nucleation for the deposition of the conversion coating. To achieve such an effect, a certain minimum content of metal ions is required. If, on the other hand, the metal ion content becomes too high, the deposition of titanium compound, which forms the main component of the conversion coating, with special needs. Since the amount of titanium compound to be deposited depends on the amount of fluoride, which in turn determines the extent of the etching, the amount of metal ions must be adjusted in relation to the amount of fluoride ions. That is, the metal ion / F ratio must be in the range of 0.02 to 0.5. If the ratio is less than 0.02, the amount of metal ions in the solution is too small and does not cause high quality coating. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.5, the metal ions tend to precipitate. It is then impossible to obtain fine and sufficient amounts of deposited crystal nuclei.
Als organischer Chelatbildner kommen insbesondere organische Säuren, wie Gluconsäure, Zitronensäure Weinsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Tanninsäure, Nitrilotriessigsäure, Apfelsäure, aber auch Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure in Betracht.Suitable organic chelating agents are in particular organic acids, such as gluconic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, malic acid, but also ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
Die Wirkung des organischen Chelatbildners beruht vermutlich darin, die Effektivität der Metallionen zu erhöhen und dadurch die Ausbildung des Konversionsüberzuges zu verbessern. Die Konzentration des Chelatbildners liegt im Bereich von 0,1 bis 2 g/l. Innerhalb dieses Bereiches leistet er einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Überzugsausbildung. Sofern dessen Konzentration unter 0,1 g/l liegt, ist eine verbessernde Wirkung praktisch nicht feststellbar, während größere Mengen als 2 g/l keinen zusätzlichen Effekt bewirken.The effect of the organic chelating agent is presumably based on increasing the effectiveness of the metal ions and thereby improving the formation of the conversion coating. The concentration of the chelating agent is in the range from 0.1 to 2 g / l. Within this area, he makes a significant contribution to improving coating training. If its concentration is below 0.1 g / l, an improving effect is practically undetectable, while quantities greater than 2 g / l have no additional effect.
Bezüglich des wasserlöslichen organischen Polymers ist eine Vielzahl von Verbindungen brauchbar. Jedoch sind Polyvinylalkohol, Gelatine, Polyvinylpyrrolidon besonders geeignet. Mit diesen Substanzen wird eine beträchtliche Wirkung auf jeden Fall erzielt. Wie bei der Konzentration des Chelatbildners ist auch bei der Konzentration des organischen Polymers eine Abhängigkeit vom Fluoridionengehalt praktisch nicht vorhanden.A variety of compounds are useful with respect to the water-soluble organic polymer. However, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone are particularly suitable. In any case, a considerable effect is achieved with these substances. As with the concentration of the chelating agent, there is practically no dependence on the fluoride ion content in the concentration of the organic polymer.
Der Gehalt des organischen Polymers in der Überzugslösung liegt im Bereich von 0,1 bis 10 g/l. Er begünstigt ebenfalls die Ausbildung des Konversionsüberzuges. Sofern der Gehalt unter 0,1 g/l ist, wird praktisch keine Verbesserung erzielt, wo hingegen im Falle des Überschreitens der Grenze von 10 g kein weiterer verbessernder Effekt feststellbar ist. Im Gegenteil, es tritt unter Umständen eine Beeinträchtigung der Überzugsausbildung auf.The content of the organic polymer in the coating solution is in the range of 0.1 to 10 g / l. It also favors the formation of the conversion coating. If the content is below 0.1 g / l, practically no improvement is achieved, whereas no further improving effect can be found if the limit of 10 g is exceeded. On the contrary, the coating training may be impaired.
Hinsichtlich des Tensides sind sowohl solche von anionischem, kationischem, amphotärem und nichtionischem Charakter geeignet. Amphotäre und nichtionische Tenside sind bevorzugt. Als nichtionische Tenside kommen insbesondere Kondensate von höheren Alkoholen des Typs
R-O-[CH₂-CH₂-O-]n-H ,
von höheren aliphatischen Säuren des Typs
R-CO-O-[-CH₂-CH₂-O-]n-H ,
von höheren aliphatischen Säureamiden des Typs
R-CO·NH-[-CH₂-CH₂-O-]n-H ,
von höheren Alkylaminen des Typs
RO- [CH₂-CH₂-O-] n -H,
of higher aliphatic acids of the type
R-CO-O - [- CH₂-CH₂-O-] n -H,
of higher aliphatic acid amides of the type
R-CO · NH - [- CH₂-CH₂-O-] n -H,
of higher alkyl amines of the type
Von den vorgenannten Zusätzen aus der Gruppe der organischen Chelatbildner, der wasserlöslichen organischen Polymere und der Tenside können eine oder mehrere Arten vorgesehen sein, wobei dann die jeweiligen zulässigen Konzentrationen zu beachten sind.One or more types of the abovementioned additives from the group of the organic chelating agents, the water-soluble organic polymers and the surfactants can be provided, the respective permissible concentrations then having to be observed.
Der pH-Wert des innerhalb des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens einzusetzenden Behandlungslösung liegt im Bereich von 1,5 bis 5. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bringt man die Oberflächen mit einer Lösung in Kontakt, die einen pH-Wert von 2 bis 3,5 aufweist. Der pH-Wert wird üblicherweise mit Alkalien, wie mit Ammoniak oder Natronlauge bzw. mit Schwefelsäure oder Fluorwasserstoffsäure eingestellt. Ein pH-Wert unterhalb 1,5 erhöht die Ätzwirkung der Lösung auf Titan oder Titanlegierungen erheblich und führt zudem zu groben und wenig haftenden Überzügen. Bei pH-Wert oberhalb 5 erfolgt praktisch keine Überzugsausbildung mehr.The pH of the treatment solution to be used in the process according to the invention is in the range from 1.5 to 5. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfaces are brought into contact with a solution which has a pH of 2 to 3.5. The pH is usually adjusted with alkalis, such as with ammonia or sodium hydroxide solution or with sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid. A pH value below 1.5 increases the caustic effect of the solution on titanium or titanium alloys considerably and also leads to coarse and less adhesive coatings. At pH above 5 there is practically no coating formation.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, die Metalloberflächen mit der Lösung bei einer Temperatur von 40 bis 80°C, vorzugsweise von 45 bis 55°C, in Kontakt zu bringen und die Behandlungsdauer auf 3 bis 15 min. einzustellen. Wenn die Behandlungstemperatur unterhalb 40°C liegt, sinkt die Reaktivität der Lösung ab, während bei höheren Temperaturen als 80°C die Reaktivität steigt und zu intensiv wird. Beide Fälle sind an sich unerwünscht bei dem Bestreben, gut haftende Überzüge zu erhalten.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the metal surfaces are brought into contact with the solution at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C., preferably 45 to 55 ° C., and the treatment time is 3 to 15 minutes. adjust. If the treatment temperature is below 40 ° C, the reactivity of the solution drops, while at temperatures higher than 80 ° C the reactivity increases and becomes too intense. Both cases are inherently undesirable in attempting to obtain well adherent coatings.
Es ist zweckmäßig, die Werkstücke nach der Erzeugung des Konversionsüberzuges gegebenenfalls mehrstufig mit Wasser zu spülen und zu trocknen.It is expedient to rinse and dry the workpieces with water, if necessary in several stages, after the conversion coating has been produced.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dient der Erzeugung von Konversionsschichten für Zwecke, für die derartige Überzüge üblicherweise aufgebracht werden. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist allerdings die Anwendung des vorliegenden Verfahrens zur Vorbereitung von Werkstücken aus Titan oder Titanlegierung für die Kaltumformung. In diesen Fällen wird im Anschluß an die Konversionsbehandlung ein Schmiermittel aufgebracht. Besonders geeignete Schmiermittel sind Molybdändisulfid, Metallseifen, Preßöle, Wachse, Harze und dergleichen.The method according to the invention serves to generate conversion layers for purposes for which such coatings are usually applied. However, the use of the present method for the preparation of workpieces made of titanium or titanium alloy for cold forming is of particular importance. In these cases, a lubricant is applied after the conversion treatment. Particularly suitable lubricants are molybdenum disulfide, metal soaps, press oils, waxes, resins and the like.
Der Vorzug der Erfindung besteht darin, daß einheitliche und hervorragend haftende Überzüge erhalten werden, die selbst bei höchsten Ansprüche, nämlich bei der Kaltumformung eine hohe Querschnittsreduktion zulassen. Ein Abblättern des Konversionsüberzuges wird verhindert und dadurch der Schmiermittelfilm auf der Oberfläche des umzuformenden Werkstückes fixiert. Durch die Tatsache, daß der Konversionsüberzug eine Vielzahl feinster Poren aufweist, ist er als Schmiermittelträgerschicht besonders geeignet.The advantage of the invention is that uniform and outstandingly adhering coatings are obtained which allow a high reduction in cross-section even under the highest demands, namely during cold forming. A peeling of the conversion coating is prevented and the lubricant film on the surface of the fixed workpiece to be formed. The fact that the conversion coating has a large number of very fine pores makes it particularly suitable as a lubricant carrier layer.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele und Vergleichsbeispiele näher und beispielsweise erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail and, for example, by means of the following examples and comparative examples.
Walzdraht aus reinem Titan mit den Abmessungen 5,8 mm Durchmesser und 5 m Länge wurde blank geglüht und dann folgendem Arbeitsgang unterworfen:
- Konversionsbehandlung mit Lösungen der Zusammensetzung gemäß Tabelle 1 bei 52 ± 1°C durch 10 min. langes Tauchen
- Wasserspülung
- Heißwasserspülung
- Schmiermittelbehandlung gemäß Tabelle 2
- Drahtzug gemäß Tabelle 3Pure titanium wire rod with dimensions of 5.8 mm in diameter and 5 m in length was bright annealed and then subjected to the following operation:
- Conversion treatment with solutions of the composition according to Table 1 at 52 ± 1 ° C for 10 min. long diving
- water rinse
- hot water rinse
- Lubricant treatment according to table 2
- Wire drawing according to table 3
Walzdraht der in Beispiel 1 genannten Beschaffenheit wurde blank geglüht und dann ohne eine Konversionsbehandlung dem im Beispiel 1 genannten Verfahrensgang unterworfen.Wire rod of the type mentioned in Example 1 was brightly annealed and then subjected to the process mentioned in Example 1 without any conversion treatment.
Walzdraht der in Beispiel 1 genannten Beschaffenheit wurde auf konventionelle Weise geglüht. Der mit Zunder versehene Walzdraht wurde anschließend mit Schmiermittel gemäß Beispiel 1 behandelt.
Der Drahtzug erfolgte unter den tabellierten Bedingungen wiederholt und wurde abgebrochen sobald Anfreßerscheinungen auftraten.The wire drawing was repeated under the tabulated conditions and was stopped as soon as signs of seizure appeared.
Walzdraht aus reinem Titan mit den Abmessungen 10,8 mm Durchmesser und 2 m Länge wurde poliert und danach der Konversionsbehandlung gemäß Beispiel 1 unterworfen. In Tabelle 4 sind die Art der Schmiermittelbehandlung und die erzielten Ergebnisse angegeben.Pure titanium wire rod with the dimensions 10.8 mm diameter and 2 m length was polished and then subjected to the conversion treatment according to Example 1. Table 4 shows the type of lubricant treatment and the results obtained.
Walzdraht der vorgenannten Beschaffenheit wurde poliert und anschließend der Tabelle 4 angegebenen Schmiermittelbehandlung unterworfen (Vergleichsbeispiel 3).Wire rod of the aforementioned nature was polished and then subjected to the lubricant treatment specified in Table 4 (Comparative Example 3).
Im Falle des Vergleichsbeispiels 4 wurden die Werkstücke nach der Konversionsbehandlung gemäß Tabelle 1 mit Schmiermittel entsprechend Tabelle 4 behandelt. Die Werkstücke beider Vergleichsversuche wurden durch Kaltstauchen umgeformt. In Tabelle 4 sind die Schmiermittelbehandlung und die Umformungsergebnisse zusammengestellt.
Walzdraht aus reinem Titan der Abmessungen 30 mm Durchmesser und 1 m Länge wurde poliert und danach der Konversionsbehandlung gemäß Beispiel 1 unterworfen.Pure titanium wire rod measuring 30 mm in diameter and 1 m in length was polished and then subjected to the conversion treatment according to Example 1.
Die Schmiermittelbehandlung geschah wie in Tabelle 5 dargestellt.The lubricant treatment was done as shown in Table 5.
Walzdraht der vorgenannten Beschaffenheit wurde poliert und der Konversionsbehandlung gemäß Tabelle 1 unterzogen. Dann erfolgte eine Schmiermittelbehandlung wie in Tabelle 5 angegeben. Die einzelnen Werkstücke wurden unter jeweils gleichen Bedingungen durch Kaltstauchen umgeformt. Die Art der Schmiermittelbehandlung und die Resultate, die bei der Umformung beobachtet wurden, sind in Tabelle 5 wiedergegeben.
Zylinder der Qualität Ti-3AL-2,5V mit einem Durchmesser von 2,5 mm und 7 mm Höhe wurden durch Strahlen gereinigt und danach der Konversionsbehandlung wie im Falle des Beispiels 1 unterzogen. Schmiermittelbehandlung und Schmierverhalten sind in Tabelle 6 angegeben.Ti-3AL-2.5V quality cylinders with a diameter of 2.5 mm and a height of 7 mm were cleaned by blasting and then subjected to the conversion treatment as in the case of Example 1. Lubricant treatment and lubrication behavior are given in Table 6.
Das vorgenannte, durch Strahlen gereinigte Material wurde gemäß Tabelle 1 konversionsbehandelt und der Schmiermittelbehandlung des Beispiels 2 unterworfen. Anschließend erfolgte unter jeweils gleichen Bedingungen die Kaltumformung durch Kaltfließpressen. Die Einzelheiten sind in Tabelle 6 aufgeführt.
Claims (5)
a) 5 bis 40 g/l Fluorid
b) Nitrat in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von NO₃:F wie 0,005 bis 0,2
c) Sulfat in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von SO₄:F wie 0,02 bis 0,5
d) mindestens eines der Metallionen Magnesium, Kalzium, Mangan, Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, Zink oder Molybdän in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von Me:F wie 0,02 bis 0,5 sowie.
e) wenigstens eine Substanz aus der Gruppe der organischen Chelatbildner mit einer Konzentration von 0,1 bis 2 g/l, wasserlöslichen organischen Polymere mit einer Konzentration von 0,1 bis 10 g/l und Tenside mit einer Konzentration von 0,01 bis 3 g/l
enthält und einen pH-Wert von 1,5 bis 5,0 aufweist.1. A process for producing conversion coatings on surfaces of titanium or titanium alloys by means of aqueous solutions which contain fluoride ions and one or more metal ions from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc and moldydane, and a pH value above 1.5, characterized in that the surfaces are brought into contact with a solution which
a) 5 to 40 g / l fluoride
b) nitrate in a weight ratio of NO₃: F as 0.005 to 0.2
c) sulfate in a weight ratio of SO₄: F such as 0.02 to 0.5
d) at least one of the metal ions magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc or molybdenum in a weight ratio of Me: F such as 0.02 to 0.5 and.
e) at least one substance from the group of organic chelating agents with a concentration of 0.1 to 2 g / l, water-soluble organic polymers with a concentration of 0.1 to 10 g / l and surfactants with a concentration of 0.01 to 3 g / l
contains and has a pH of 1.5 to 5.0.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP118099/87 | 1987-05-16 | ||
JP62118099A JPS63286585A (en) | 1987-05-16 | 1987-05-16 | Chemical treating solution for titanium or alloy thereof and surface treatment of titanium or alloy thereof with said solution |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0291891A1 true EP0291891A1 (en) | 1988-11-23 |
EP0291891B1 EP0291891B1 (en) | 1991-08-07 |
Family
ID=14727979
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88107776A Expired - Lifetime EP0291891B1 (en) | 1987-05-16 | 1988-05-14 | Process for applying conversion coatings on titanium |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4846897A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0291891B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS63286585A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1308004C (en) |
DE (2) | DE3816557A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2023975B3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0398201A1 (en) * | 1989-05-18 | 1990-11-22 | Henkel Corporation | Compositions and processes for improved preparation of metals for cold forming |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5051141A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-09-24 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Composition and method for surface refinement of titanium nickel |
US5158623A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1992-10-27 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Method for surface refinement of titanium and nickel |
NO924697D0 (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1992-12-04 | Jan Erik Ellingsen | SURGICAL IMPLANT AND A PROCEDURE FOR TREATMENT OF SURGICAL IMPLANT |
US6026695A (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2000-02-22 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Engine starter housing and an annular housing extension therefor |
DE10026142A1 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-12-13 | Basf Ag | Process and device for the continuous production of organic mono- or polyisocyanates |
WO2006091582A2 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-08-31 | Implant Innovations, Inc. | Surface treatment methods for implants made of titanium or titanium alloy |
US7923425B2 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2011-04-12 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Low-foaming, acidic low-temperature cleaner and process for cleaning surfaces |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1146748A (en) * | 1955-02-07 | 1957-11-14 | Parker Ste Continentale | Process for coating titanium and its alloys and compositions for its implementation |
US3041215A (en) * | 1955-02-07 | 1962-06-26 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Solutions and methods for forming protective coatings on titanium |
GB2059445A (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1981-04-23 | Richardson Chemical Co | Chromium-free or low-chromium metal surface passivation |
DE3627249A1 (en) * | 1985-09-19 | 1987-03-26 | Nihon Parkerizing | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONVERSION LAYERS ON TITANIUM SURFACES |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4004064A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1977-01-18 | Joseph W. Aidlin | Protective coating for articles |
-
1987
- 1987-05-16 JP JP62118099A patent/JPS63286585A/en active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-05-14 EP EP88107776A patent/EP0291891B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-14 DE DE3816557A patent/DE3816557A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-05-14 DE DE8888107776T patent/DE3864074D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-14 ES ES88107776T patent/ES2023975B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-16 CA CA000566897A patent/CA1308004C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-16 US US07/194,374 patent/US4846897A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1146748A (en) * | 1955-02-07 | 1957-11-14 | Parker Ste Continentale | Process for coating titanium and its alloys and compositions for its implementation |
US3041215A (en) * | 1955-02-07 | 1962-06-26 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Solutions and methods for forming protective coatings on titanium |
GB2059445A (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1981-04-23 | Richardson Chemical Co | Chromium-free or low-chromium metal surface passivation |
DE3627249A1 (en) * | 1985-09-19 | 1987-03-26 | Nihon Parkerizing | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONVERSION LAYERS ON TITANIUM SURFACES |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0398201A1 (en) * | 1989-05-18 | 1990-11-22 | Henkel Corporation | Compositions and processes for improved preparation of metals for cold forming |
AU624710B2 (en) * | 1989-05-18 | 1992-06-18 | Henkel Corporation | Compositions and process for improved preparation of metals for cold forming |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4846897A (en) | 1989-07-11 |
DE3864074D1 (en) | 1991-09-12 |
EP0291891B1 (en) | 1991-08-07 |
CA1308004C (en) | 1992-09-29 |
JPH044397B2 (en) | 1992-01-28 |
DE3816557A1 (en) | 1988-11-24 |
ES2023975B3 (en) | 1992-02-16 |
JPS63286585A (en) | 1988-11-24 |
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