Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
  • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
  • A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
  • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
  • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
  • D10B2201/02—Cotton
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
  • D10B2201/20—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres
  • D10B2201/22—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres made from cellulose solutions
  • D10B2201/24—Viscose
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D10B2321/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
  • D10B2321/101—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide modacrylic
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]

Definitions

• This invention relates to textile materials and more particularly to textile materials which are flame protective and are particularly suitable for heavy duty usage in fire hazardous environments.
• Such circumstances can arise, for example, with military use in which the dangers for infantry personnel are not only the hazards of heat and flames, but can be such that user safety and survival depends a great deal upon fitness and ability to adjust individually to the dangerous circumstances likely to be Involved.
• the clothing must keep the wearer as comfortable as possible whereby other factors such as moisture absorbancy and ventilation of the clothing become important, as the clothing must support the thermo-regulation of the body during wide variations of work load and environments encountered.
• clothing must protect the body against inclimate conditions such as rain and cold.
• military use clothing must also be able to protect the wearer against discovery or recognition so that it must be possible to pattern the material, for instance, by printing the clothing for camouflage purposes.
• textile materials according to the invention need not be excessively expensive as compared with more conventionally used flame protective textile materia1 s .
• flammability is defined in terms of the ignition tests specified by British Standard Specification No BS 5438:- Methods of tests for flammability of vertically oriented textile fabrics and fabric assemblies subjected to a small igniting flame; and British Standard Specifica ion No BS 3119:- Method of test for flameproof materials.
• the proposals of BS No 5438 involve flaming of the surface of the material being tested whilst the proposals of BS No 3119 involve flaming at the edge of the matertial being tested.
• ignition is defined as the flaming of the cloth for a period of one second or more after ext inqui shing of the igniting flame.
• the time of flaming on the surface needed to ignite the fabric for several materials is as follows:-
• the above materials are regarded as flammable since they will ignite if flamed for 10 seconds. If a material does not ignite after flaming on the surface for 10 seconds, the material, in accordance with BS 5438 can be called uninf larnmable.
• a textile material incorporating at least three components, in which a first and a second are flammable and a third Is uninflamrnable, and in which said flammable components together provide between 50% and 75% of the total, with one of the flammable components providing at least 15% of the total, the components being so inter-related that the textile material exhibits delayed flammability characteristics.
• a particular blend of the textile material is formed from an intimate blend of .30% cotton fibres, 40% flame retardent viscose rayon fibres of nearly cotton fineness (1.4-2.2 dtex/38-40mm) or modacrylic fibres of nearly cotton fineness or flame retardent polyester fibres of nearly cotton fineness (1.4-2.2 dtex/38-40mm) and 30% polyamide fibres of nearly cotton fineness (1.4-2.2 dtex/38-40mm) .
• each sample fabric comprised a plain weave in which the warp and weft threads were each equal to 21 per centimetre when in the loom state.
• the yarn diameters cf.0,256 mm were maintained constant to maintain the same degree of cover for each fabric. It is convenient to note that with this mode of forming the samples the sample specific weight varies according to the blend.
• the moisture content of textiles comprises various components such a “on-fibre”; “in-fibre”; and “in between fibre” moisture.
• the "in-fibre” moisture is the percentage of moisture which is absorbed by the fibre itself, and will be higher if the fabric is really we ted.
• the moisture absorption of a fabric is, in practice, dependent upon all of the types of absorption i.e., "in-fibre” "on-fibre” and “betwee ⁇ -fIbre” oi sture".
• Sample J For climates with mostly a low relative humidity the material defined by Sample J is particularly suitable since it exhibits substantially the same absorption characteristics as 100% cotton.
• sample J which is an intimate blend consisting of 30% cotton fibres, 40% fire retardent viscose rayon fibres of nearly cotton fineness and 30% polyamide fibres of nearly cotton fineness be considered to have been formulated with the object of providing a material with not only a desirable level of delayed flammability but also with an acceptable comfort performance as regards moisture content.
• the modified Sample H is an intimate blend as follows and consists of 30% cotton fibres, 40% modacryIic fibres of nearly cotton fineness (1.7-2.2 dtex/38-40 mm) and 30% polyamide fibres of nearly cotton fineness (1.7-2.2 dtex/38-40mm) .
• thermo-control by moisture evaporation properties it is evident that the materials used in clothing for people operating alternately in different climatical environments like stand-by emergency military forces, or in climates with moderate humidity, a combination of the above mentioned solutions has to be found.
• the intimate blend comprises 30% cotton fibres, 20% fire retardent viscose rayon fibres of nearly cotton fineness (1.4-2.2 dtex/38-40 mm), 20% modacrylic fibres of nearly cotton fineness (1.4-2.2 dtex/38-40 ⁇ ro) and 30% polyamide fibres of nearly cotton fineness (1.4-2.2 dtex/38-40r ⁇ n) .
• Figure 1 is a graph illustrating the evaporation rates of materials utilised in the textile materials of the invention.
• Figure 2 is a graph illustrating the evaporation rates of textile material blends in accordance with the above mentioned Samples H,J and K.
• Samples of the materials to be examined in respect of moisture evaporation were produced in the form of circular discs having an area of 5 square centimetres. All of the samples were bone dried and then conditioned for twenty four hours at 65% Relative Humidity and 20 degrees Celcius. After which each sample was tested. Each sample was during the testing thereof placed upon the scale pan and 0.1 grams of water was applied thereto in the form of fifteen drops evenly spread over the samp1e.
• the evaporation of the water from the sample was monitored by noting the weight of the sample at regular time intervals and - the data obtained used to establish the evaporation rate.
• the evaporation rates determined were plotted against ime in minutes to establish the graphs of Figures 1 and 2.
• the strength of a fibre which is conventionally tensile tested in the longitudinal direction, is not the only strength aspect which is important with regard to the wearability of a fabric.
• the strength of a fibre in cross section is also important.
• the abrasion resistance of a fabric against wear is a complex combination of the fibre strength in longitudinal and cross-sectional directions.
• the prediction of strength characteristics of the fibres needed to withstand abrading forces is also complex.
• the fabric geometry which influences the way and the quantity of fibres from the warp and/or weft yarn that are attacked by the abrading forces is also of importance in regard to the abrasion behavior of a fabric.
• the present invention is also concerned with the formation of a fabric having delayed flammability using single yarns spun from an intimate blend of fibres of which 25-35% are cotton fibres 35-55% are fibres which are much more resistant to abrasion than cotton and 20-30% are fibres which are more resistant to abrasion than cotton, the formation being such as to result in a fabric having an abrasion resistance which is generally better than the abrasion resistance of fabrics made of cot ton.
• the blends of samples G to K may be regarded as being suitable in relation to the property of abrasion resistance.
• a delayed flammability material also having good abrasion resistance is a blend incorporating 30% cotton fibres, 40% modacr 1 ic fibres of nearly cottoh fineness (1.4-2.2 dtex/38-40) and 30% polyamide fibres of nearly cotton fineness (1.4-2.2 dtex/38-40mm) .
• a still further aspect of the invention is a material formed from an intimate blend of fibres of which at least 65% are cellulosic fibres i.e., cotton plus fire retardant viscose and the remaining fibres of the blend are polyamide fibres thereby resulting in an intimate blend of fibres which can be printed with one type of dye-system which equals systems used for printing 100% cotton.
• Sample J relating to a blend consisting of 30% cotton fibres, 40% fire retardent viscose fibres of nearly cotton fineness 30% polyamide fibres of nearly cotton fineness can provide a "delayed flammabili y" fabric which is particularly suitable for printing. It is to be understood that the forgoing discussions about fabrics are not restricted to woven fabrics since the principles of the invention can be applied to knitted, non woven and other types of fabric forming processes.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=10589520

Family Applications (1)

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• 1985
  • 1985-12-10 GB GB858530382A patent/GB8530382D0/en active Pending
• 1986
  • 1986-12-09 ZA ZA869272A patent/ZA869272B/xx unknown
  • 1986-12-10 EP EP87900195A patent/EP0288470A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-12-10 ES ES8603566A patent/ES2003765A6/es not_active Expired
  • 1986-12-10 CN CN198686108491A patent/CN86108491A/zh active Pending
  • 1986-12-10 AU AU67715/87A patent/AU6771587A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1986-12-10 WO PCT/GB1986/000754 patent/WO1987003456A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1986-12-10 IL IL80940A patent/IL80940A0/xx unknown
• 1987
  • 1987-08-10 KR KR870700705A patent/KR880700646A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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