EP0288358A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Flachs-Teilung in einzelne Fasern - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Flachs-Teilung in einzelne Fasern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0288358A1
EP0288358A1 EP88400886A EP88400886A EP0288358A1 EP 0288358 A1 EP0288358 A1 EP 0288358A1 EP 88400886 A EP88400886 A EP 88400886A EP 88400886 A EP88400886 A EP 88400886A EP 0288358 A1 EP0288358 A1 EP 0288358A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinders
pair
flax
fibers
linen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88400886A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Staelen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TEILLAGE de la VALLEE de la TRIE CAHON-GOUY
Institut Textile de France
Original Assignee
TEILLAGE de la VALLEE de la TRIE CAHON-GOUY
Institut Textile de France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TEILLAGE de la VALLEE de la TRIE CAHON-GOUY, Institut Textile de France filed Critical TEILLAGE de la VALLEE de la TRIE CAHON-GOUY
Publication of EP0288358A1 publication Critical patent/EP0288358A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D01B1/22—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with crushing or breaking rollers or plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the preparation of textile flax and more particularly to a process intended to improve the divisibility of flax into fibers compared to what is obtained by conventional spinning circuits.
  • the fibers are arranged in bundles of elementary fibers at the periphery of the rod between the bark and the wood.
  • the thirty to forty elementary fibers per bundle are associated with each other by organic cements (pectin, hemicellulose, lignin ).
  • the flax yarns, after preparation and spinning, are in fact made up not of elementary fibers but of what are commonly called technical fibers.
  • These technical fibers are assemblies of elementary fibers, owing to the fact that the cements were not completely eliminated during the various phases of the transformation making it possible to pass from the technical rod of flax to the finished yarn: retting, scutching, and all mechanical operations (combing, doubling, etc.) prior to spinning and aimed at obtaining a wick of fibers capable of being spun on a ring continuous, either dry or wet.
  • the use of linen can be envisaged in the long fiber spinning circuit of the wool type.
  • the scutched linen is transformed in a long strand comber which perfects the action of scutching by eliminating the impurities, by parallelizing the fibers and by refining them.
  • the shortest fibers are eliminated, these are the combs.
  • the combing yield is around 65%.
  • Dyed linen has a fineness and a length such that it can be worked after cracking on material like combed wool, however the additional combing which it undergoes again eliminates at least 15% of fibers. If this is technically possible, the use of dyed then combed and cracked linen on materials of the combed wool type has not so far proven to be economical, and in particular when seeking to obtain a suitable wick of fibers to be spun in the wet.
  • This process is of the known type in that it consists in crushing the flax in continuous movement by a succession of pressure means, as is usual in the mechanical operation of scutching flax stalks according to the patent. FR-A-1,009,391 or in the dehulling of the stems of green plants according to patent FR-A-1,053,851.
  • the process of the invention consists in crushing the fibers of a linen which has already been dyed beforehand, while said fibers being almost free from impurities are in the form of an approximately regular sheet of fibers. parallelized, so as to crack the organic cements without damaging the unit fibers.
  • part of the organic cements which bind, in the dyed flax, the bundles of unit fibers is weakened and is then easily eliminated in the subsequent operations of the transformation of flax into yarn, which leads to a more divided linen, having greater fineness, compared to a dyed linen which has not undergone the treatment of the invention.
  • the action of the pressure means on the dyed linen sheet must be sufficient for the organic cements to be effectively crushed, cracked, separated from the unit fibers. However, it should not be too large to the point of damaging the unit fibers themselves; which would make the linen thus treated infilable.
  • the flax fibers dyed appear in the form of a regular sheet and free of impurities, otherwise the action on organic cements would not be homogeneous, and the yarn obtained would have poor characteristics. If the ply is irregular in number of fibers, the action of the pressure means is greater on the parts comprising a large number of fibers, resulting in possible breakage of the unit fibers; on the other hand, on the parts comprising a smaller number of fibers, the action may be insufficient to crack the organic cements and improve the divisibility of the flax.
  • the dyed flax fibers are in the form of a ribbon weighing between 30 and 60 grams per meter and having a width of 40 to 100 millimeters; and the crushing is obtained by the action of a succession of four to ten pressure means each exerting a force, transverse to the ribbon, of between 140 and 1100 N per centimeter of ribbon.
  • the device according to the invention also comprises means for presenting the sheet of fibers in front of the pair of input cylinders.
  • the presentation means may in particular be capable of putting the sheet under tension so as to promote the parallelization of the fibers constituting the sheet.
  • the means of displacement of the cylinders of a given pair, perpendicular to the plane of tangency comprise, mounted on the two bearings supporting the axis of rotation of one of the two cylinders of said pair, two pneumatic cylinders whose stroke varies between a first position where the two cylinders of the pair are spaced and a second position where the first cylinder exerts on the second press.
  • the displacement means comprise means for adjusting the second position of the cylinder stroke.
  • the means for moving a pair of cylinders can be completely mechanical. They include for example: . a compression spring, one end of which is fixed to the bearing in which the axis of rotation of one of the cylinders of the pair rotates and the other end of which is fixed to a movable plate, . a threaded rod, one end of which has a flywheel and the other is secured to the movable plate, . a fixed plate, mounted on a frame, pierced with a recess whose inner surface has a threaded profile, and through which recess passes the threaded rod. These different elements are arranged so that the operator can vary the pressure exerted between the two cylinders of the pair by turning the hand wheel in one direction or the other.
  • the rotation of the handwheel causes the threaded rod to move relative to the fixed plate and consequently the movable plate secured to the threaded rod.
  • the movement of the movable plate causes that of the spring and the compression thereof when this movement tends to bring the two cylinders closer.
  • the movable plate is accompanied by a finger placed opposite a graduated scale mounted on the frame: the operator can thus identify, depending on the rotation of the steering wheel, the pressure exerted between the two cylinders.
  • the device according to the invention comprises from four to ten pairs of cylinders, of smooth surface, and the displacement means exert a force between the cylinders of each pair of between 140 and 1100 N per centimeter of ribbon.
  • Ribbon 1 of dyed linen measures approximately 30 g / m. It comes from a linen type comber but whose number of combs has been reduced and whose score has been reduced compared to the usual comber.
  • the ribbon 1 obtained in this way has good regularity, satisfactory cleanliness, the fibers are parallelized, but however the action of the combs has not been as great, the fibers are less divided than in a usual combed ribbon.
  • the performance of the combing machine in this new configuration is significantly higher than the traditional performance of the combing machine, since it is of the order of 80% compared to 65%. The quantity of combing tows which are by-products is reduced accordingly.
  • the ribbon 1 is presented flat in a fitting comprising three rolls 2,3,4 mounted free in rotation, with parallel axes.
  • the ribbon 1 passes over the roller 2, below the roller 3, above the roller 4, the roller 3 being below the plane passing through the axes of rotation of the rollers 2 and 4.
  • the strip 1 passes successively between seven pairs of cylinders with axes parallel to the rollers 2, 3 and 4, the tangent lines of which are in the same plane (A, A ⁇ ), said plane being itself same tangent to the rollers 2 and 4 at the upper part of their periphery. All cylinders rotate at the same speed.
  • the axes of rotation 15 of the cylinders are equipped with pinions 6 of gear comprising the same number of teeth. All the cylinders 5 situated above the tangency plane have their pinions 6 connected by a chain drive 7 between them and a pinion 8 driven by a motor 9.
  • all the cylinders 10 situated below the plane of tangency have their pinions 11 connected by a drive chain 12 between them and to a pinion 13 driven by a motor 14. Motors 9 and 14 drive their respective pinions 8 and 13 at the same speed.
  • the axis 15 of rotation of a cylinder is mounted at each end on a bearing 16.
  • This bearing slides between two slides 17 and 18 constituting the support frame of a pair of cylinders 5 and 6, the bearing 19 being fixed on the built.
  • the jack 20 is fixed on the upper upright 21; the end of the rod 22 of the jack 20 is fixed on the bearing 16 corresponding to the cylinder 5.
  • the jack is in two positions: the first, rod extended as shown in FIG. 2, for which the two cylinders 5 and 10 are applied one against the other with a force of 500 N per cm; the second, retracted rod, for which the two cylinders 5 and 10 are spaced from each other, allowing the introduction of the tape or the cleaning of the cylinders.
  • Each cylinder is made of metal, with a smooth surface, length 75 centimeters, diameter 25 centimeters, and weighs 140 kg.
  • the ribbon I passes through the tying system which places it flat and gives it a certain tension when it then passes between the first cylinders 5 and 10.
  • the ribbon 1 has a width of the order of 5 centimeters.
  • a plurality of ribbons can be passed over the device; in this case, one can add guide means on the path of the ribbons between each pair of cylinders to prevent the fibers of a ribbon from becoming entangled with the fibers of the ribbon which is adjacent to it.
  • the dyed linen ribbon after being crushed between the 7 pairs of cylinders, is then transformed, after passing through a doubler and cracking, on the preparation material of the combed wool type: first pass on intersecting, combing (on comber wool type and not linen combing) followed by three or four passes on intersecting, then passage on a bench with pins.
  • the lock obtained can be spun directly in the case of dry spinning or after degumming in the case of spinning in the dry. wet.
  • the same ribbon having undergone the same preparation but after having been previously treated in accordance with the invention on the crushing device with seven pairs of cylinders, had an index of 36.38%, and therefore an all-round finesse. perfectly acceptable for wet spinning and dry spinning.
  • the jack 20 is replaced on a set of purely mechanical means, allowing manual adjustment of the pressure between the cylinders 5 and 10.
  • This set includes a compression spring 23 placed between the two slides 17 and 18, above the bearing 16.
  • One end 23a of the spring 23 is fixed to the upper part of the bearing 16.
  • the other end 23b is fixed to a plate movable vertically in the slides 17 and 18 , comprising a bearing 25 in which the rod 26 can freely rotate.
  • the upper part 21 of the frame has a recess 27 whose inner surface has a threaded profile.
  • the rod 26 is a threaded rod, it passes through the recess 27 and ends with a flywheel 28.
  • the movable plate 24 is equipped with a finger 29 and on the upright of the slide 17, opposite the finger 29, a graduated scale 30 is placed.
  • the operator turns the flywheel 28 in the clockwise.
  • the threaded rod 26 descends through the recess 27, causing the plate 24 and the compression of the spring 23 against the bearing 16.
  • the position of the finger 29 on the graduated scale 30 gives the indication of the compression of the spring and therefore the pressure exerted by the cylinder 5 on the cylinder 10.
  • the device is equipped with fourteen adjustment points as above, placed above the bearings 16 of the two ends of each cylinder 5 .
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment and to the example described above.
  • This choice must be driven by the criteria of the invention, namely that the organic cements are cracked without the unitary fibers themselves being damaged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
EP88400886A 1987-04-23 1988-04-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Flachs-Teilung in einzelne Fasern Withdrawn EP0288358A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8705768A FR2614323B1 (fr) 1987-04-23 1987-04-23 Procede et dispositif pour ameliorer la divisibilite du lin en fibres.
FR8705768 1987-04-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0288358A1 true EP0288358A1 (de) 1988-10-26

Family

ID=9350412

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400886A Withdrawn EP0288358A1 (de) 1987-04-23 1988-04-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Flachs-Teilung in einzelne Fasern

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0288358A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2614323B1 (de)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE651259C (de) * 1935-02-09 1937-10-09 Bastfaserbearbeitungsmaschine mit paarweise zusammenarbeitenden Schlagtrommeln
US2576406A (en) * 1944-12-30 1951-11-27 Manero Device for crushing and cleaning fibrous vegetable units
FR1009391A (fr) * 1948-04-17 1952-05-28 Procédé de traitement du lin, installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé et mécanisme pour le transport de tiges
FR1046692A (fr) * 1951-07-13 1953-12-08 Coll Adriano Gardella & F Llo Machine à décortiquer les fibres de liber et d'écorce
FR1053851A (fr) * 1951-04-24 1954-02-05 Sativa Corp Perfectionnements apportés aux décortiqueuses de matières fibreuses
FR2451406A1 (fr) * 1979-03-15 1980-10-10 Pacquet Denis Machine pour etaler le contenu de bottes de paille

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE651259C (de) * 1935-02-09 1937-10-09 Bastfaserbearbeitungsmaschine mit paarweise zusammenarbeitenden Schlagtrommeln
US2576406A (en) * 1944-12-30 1951-11-27 Manero Device for crushing and cleaning fibrous vegetable units
FR1009391A (fr) * 1948-04-17 1952-05-28 Procédé de traitement du lin, installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé et mécanisme pour le transport de tiges
FR1053851A (fr) * 1951-04-24 1954-02-05 Sativa Corp Perfectionnements apportés aux décortiqueuses de matières fibreuses
FR1046692A (fr) * 1951-07-13 1953-12-08 Coll Adriano Gardella & F Llo Machine à décortiquer les fibres de liber et d'écorce
FR2451406A1 (fr) * 1979-03-15 1980-10-10 Pacquet Denis Machine pour etaler le contenu de bottes de paille

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2614323A1 (fr) 1988-10-28
FR2614323B1 (fr) 1990-03-09

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