EP0089299B1 - Streckverfahren für eine faserartige Textilstruktur und Vorrichtung dafür - Google Patents

Streckverfahren für eine faserartige Textilstruktur und Vorrichtung dafür Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0089299B1
EP0089299B1 EP83420039A EP83420039A EP0089299B1 EP 0089299 B1 EP0089299 B1 EP 0089299B1 EP 83420039 A EP83420039 A EP 83420039A EP 83420039 A EP83420039 A EP 83420039A EP 0089299 B1 EP0089299 B1 EP 0089299B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fact
fibers
stretching
elements
movable elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83420039A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0089299A2 (de
EP0089299A3 (en
Inventor
Richard Schutz
Fernande épouse Schutz Scheurer
Marc Renner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre Technique Industriel Dit Institut Textile
Original Assignee
Institut Textile de France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut Textile de France filed Critical Institut Textile de France
Publication of EP0089299A2 publication Critical patent/EP0089299A2/de
Publication of EP0089299A3 publication Critical patent/EP0089299A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0089299B1 publication Critical patent/EP0089299B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
    • D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
    • D01H5/26—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars in which fibres are controlled by one or more endless aprons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
    • D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
    • D01H5/28—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars in which fibres are controlled by inserting twist during drafting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for drawing a textile structure based on fibers, said structure being presented both in surface form (mattress, tablecloth, veil, etc.) and in linear form (ribbon, wick, etc.). ; it also relates to a device allowing the implementation of this process.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 illustrate, in a schematic manner, the various methods and devices proposed and used to date for carrying out these stretching operations.
  • the actual stretching is obtained essentially between a pair of input cylinders (1, 2) (also frequently referred to as "food cylinders"), having the same tangential speed V1 and, a pair of output cylinders (1'-2 ') having the same tangential speed V2 greater than that V1 of the input cylinders.
  • the report of these speeds determines the rate of stretching.
  • This drawing rate is a theoretical rate which does not take account of any slippage in the fibers.
  • the clamping of the material between the cylinders (1, 2) and (1 ', 2') is done only by the pressures (15-16).
  • the distance d between the pair of input (or food) cylinders and the pair of output (or draw) cylinders must be adjusted in order to d '' on the one hand avoid breaking the long fibers if the distance d is too short, and on the other hand, the loss of control of the fibers if the distance d is too large, despite all the additional organs and systems added to compensate for the lack of pressure necessary for correct control of the slip of the fibers.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to stretch fibrous textile structures which are present both in the form of a web or the like, for example in preparation for the conventional threshing or the carding classic, as well as the shape of a ribbon or wick between carding and up to the actual spinning.
  • the invention also relates to the means allowing the implementation of said method.
  • the invention therefore relates to a process for drawing a textile structure made up of staple fibers, the average orientation of which is preferred in the direction parallel to the length of said structure, a structure which can also be present under the form of a sheet than a ribbon or a wick (or any other equivalent material), the method according to the invention being characterized in that the stretching is obtained by subjecting the fibrous structure in movement to external stresses which cause a simple shearing effect which tends to slide the fibers with respect to each other, in the form of superimposed elementary layers moving at different speeds from each other and on which forces normal to the fibers are exerted especially in the sliding area.
  • the fastest layer of fibers (9) is driven by the application of a force (10), while the slowest layer (11) is retained relative to the intermediate layers by the application of 'a force (12).
  • the normal effect of the couple of tangential forces (10/12) must be compensated by the application of normal forces (13) and (14) (figure 10c), otherwise the tendency to rotate would result in a dislocation of the layers. and the conditions for an ideal sliding of the layers would no longer be ensured.
  • surface textile or in the form of a ribbon or wick
  • linear textile “linear textile” ”
  • the relative sliding of the layers of fibers is done by the application (fig. 6a) of an element (19) driving the fibers at the speed V2 higher (and not equal or barely different as in known systems) to the speed V1 of another element (18), while applying normal forces (20-21) during the sliding of the layers of fibers (24).
  • the elements driving the fibers are strips or flat strips, of the same type as those used in conventional drawing on a bench or on a spinning machine, normal forces are applied to the axes of the drive rollers and distributed over the fibers due to the tension given by the tensioners (25), adjustable or not ( Figure 6a) with (1) and (2) rotating at speed V1 and (1 ') (2 ') at speed V2.
  • the arrangement of the longitudinal axis of flow of the fibers can be horizontal, vertical, or inclined, in particular if one wishes to take advantage of gravity to perfect the guidance of the flow of the fibers and / or the maintenance on the drive elements of said fibers, or between these elements or between the supply, or even the outlet, and these elements.
  • organs and devices well known to technicians such as for example the means for storing the material to be stretched, for receiving after stretching, the driving of the organs as well as the frames supporting these organs will not be described and shown (to with the exception of Figure 9a), for the sake of simplification.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 illustrate, as seen previously, conventional stretching systems
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e illustrate different modes of implementing the method according to the invention , of a stretching by application of a simple shear on flat sliding surfaces and which apply to the fibrous structures to be stretched, in the form of a sheet or ribbon
  • FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c illustrate the placing in work of the method according to the invention, of a stretching by simple shearing on telescopic cocylindrical surfaces, but which is limited to linear textiles.
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c illustrate the first embodiment of the method according to the invention in which the external stresses applied to the fibrous material to cause a simple shearing effect, are obtained by means of a pair of elements upper and lower movable, for which the speed of the upper drive rollers (1 '2') is different from the speed of the lower drive rollers (1, 2): the ratio of these two speeds giving the theoretical stretch; the two movable elements (18-19) ensure contact with the upper layer and the lower layer respectively of the sheared fibrous system, having the same contact surface, being exactly superimposed.
  • FIGS. 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e illustrate variants according to which the stresses are also obtained by means of a pair of movable elements, said upper and lower elements being offset by c (FIG. 7a) one by relative to the other, without necessarily having the same respective contact surfaces with the upper layer and with the lower layer.
  • Figures 8a and 8b illustrate variants in which the fibrous material is subjected to a succession of external stresses ensuring progressive drawing.
  • FIGS 9a, 9b, 9c illustrate different embodiments of the method according to the invention in which the external stresses are obtained by the action of the fibers themselves.
  • FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c are diagrams illustrating how the stretching process obtained by implementing the method according to the invention can be explained theoretically.
  • Figures 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7th, 8a, 8b illustrate different embodiments of the method according to the invention in which the fibrous structure (24), in the form of a sheet or ribbon , materials in which the staple fibers are arranged at least for the most part substantially parallel with respect to the length, is stretched in accordance with the invention, by subjecting said fibrous structure (24) in movement, to external stresses which cause an effect of Simple shear tending to slide the fibers relative to each other in the form of superimposed elementary layers, moving at different speeds relative to each other.
  • the material passes between a pair of mobile elements (18-19) driven at different speeds, the upper element (19) having a speed V2 higher than the speed V1 of the lower element ( 18).
  • the elements (18-19) entraining the fibers can be flat strips or bands, metallic or not, fixed or extensible, grooved, notched, or covered with any other lining (spiked, toothed, with more or less rough) or for example, of the same type as those used in conventional drawing on a bench or on a spinning machine.
  • These mobile elements (19-18) are carried by pairs of rollers (1,1 'and 2,2') driven in rotation in a known manner.
  • a successive repetition of devices is used to ensure stretching of the draws and / or to change the speed gradient applied, according to constant or variable speed ratios. and in variable or fixed number.
  • the installation comprises three stages of drawing.
  • the element (19) (at speed V2) offset with respect to the element (18) (at speed V1) ensures a first theoretical stretching of while the element (26), at speed V3, provides a second theoretical stretching of and the element (27) (at speed V4) provides the third theoretical stretching of
  • the spacings (e1, e2, e3, e4) can be modified, possibly providing for use in the spacings (in order to maintain said fibers) in these spacing zones (e) where they are in contact with only one support), one or more supports or guides, such as rollers (28), rollers (29) (which can be smooth, grooved or necks) or condenser and / or (half) funnel.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented by subjecting the fibrous structure in motion to external stresses from mobile elements displaced at different speeds and on which apply normal forces exerted on the fibers in the sliding zone, it can also be envisaged at the limit, with regard to linear textiles (wicks, ribbons) to implement this method without using such additional means, these constraints being obtained by the fibers themselves same ribbon.
  • This is obtained by communicating a twist whose centripetal effect makes it possible to ensure normal pressure by twisting the fibers, which leads to a shear of the telescopic but frustoconical type, as illustrated in FIG. (10b), a similar way to what would happen for the flow of a fluid in a capillary.
  • Such a possibility is illustrated by the figures (9a and 9b), as well as by the figure (9c) in which, as in the embodiments illustrated by the figures (8a and 8b), a succession of draws is communicated by means of elements arranged in cascade.
  • This twist can be communicated by means of a conventional false twist member for example by the intermediary of an element (45), commonly used in conventional spinning like carded wool, and designated by the expression “twisting whistle” as well as this is illustrated in figure (9a). It could be envisaged to use a “twisting and drawing system” of the type of that illustrated in FIG. (9b). It can also be envisaged to use a cascade assembly, with two or more elements in series, with false twist alternating or not, as illustrated in the figure (9c) which comprises three stages with three elements (30 - 31 - 32 ) with false alternating twists, which makes it possible to obtain sufficient and effective stretching. Such stretching systems can be used, for example, on a spindle bench, that is to say before the final drawing on continuous spinning (as has hitherto only been the case with a single stage).
  • the stretching system comprises two strips (18-19) made of synthetic elastomer 31 mm wide, the distance between the axes of the rollers (1 and 2) or (1 'and 2') is 50 mm.
  • the yarns formed have, moreover, exceptional qualities, superior to previous yarns, in particular in as regards mass regularity, cleanliness, dynamometric properties and this compared to yarns of the same title obtained with the same materials on conventional ring spinning machines for cotton on the one hand and for wool on the other hand, but with drawing rates which cannot exceed 30 for cotton and 20 for wool per drawing stage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Verfahren zum Verstrecken eines textilen Gebildes aus Spinnfasern, die zumindest zum überwiegenden Teil parallel zur Längsrichtung dieses Gebildes angeordnet sind, wobei das Gebilde sowohl ein Flächengebilde als auch ein Band oder ein Docht sein kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verstreckung erreicht wird, indem das sich bewegende Gebilde äußeren Belastungen unterworfen wird, die eine einfache Schubwirkung hervorrufen, welche dazu tendiert, die Fasern mit einem Geschwindigkeitsgradienten aufeinander gleiten zu lassen, der sich in eine Verschiebung mit gleichmäßig gestuften unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten von elementaren Faserschichten umsetzt, auf welche, um dies zu erreichen, Normalkräfte, insbesondere im Gleitbereich, ausgeübt werden.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Verstreckung durch eine einzige Schubzone erreicht wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine schrittweise Verstrekkung durch mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Schubzonen erreicht wird.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der einfache Schub durch die Einwirkung von beweglichen Elementen (Riemen, Bänder ...) erhalten wird, die auf beiden Seiten des Materials angeordnet sind, mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten bewegt werden und auf die Normalkräfte aufgebracht werden, welche sich auf die Fasern im Gleitbereich auswirken.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beweglichen Elemente gegeneinander versetzt sind.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schrittweise Verstreckung mit Hilfe einer Folge von Elementen auf beiden Seiten des Materials erreicht wird, wobei diese Elemente gegeneinander versetzt sind und eine zunehmende Verstreckung bewirken.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Schubkraft auf teleskopische, konzentrische, kozylindrische Schichten aufgebracht wird, was nur im Falle von Bändern oder Dochten angewandt wird, bei denen das äußere Trägermaterial aus Oberflächenfäden gebildet ist, die selbst gedreht sind, beispielsweise mit Falschdraht, dessen Zentripetalwirkung das Aufbringen einer der Serienanordnung von Elementen mit Falschdraht entsprechenden Normalkraft bewirkt.
8. Vorrichtung zum Verstrecken eines textilen Gebildes aus Spinnfasern, die zumindest zum überwiegenden Teil parallel zur Längsrichtung dieses Gebildes angeordnet sind, wobei das Gebilde sowohl ein Flächengebilde als auch ein Band oder ein Docht (24) sein kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Mittel aufweist, mit denen auf das durchlaufende Fasergebilde äußere Belastungen (20, 21 ) aufbringbar sind, die einen einfachen Schub bewirken mit einem Geschwindigkeitsgradienten, der dazu tendiert, die Fasern in Form von übereinanderliegenden Elementarschichten, die sich mit voneinander verschiedenen Geschwindigkeiten verlagern, gleiten zu lassen, wobei auf die Schichten, insbesondere im Gleitbereich, Normalkräfte wirken.
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußeren Belastungen durch Hindurchführen des Materials (24) zwischen zwei beweglichen Elementen (18, 19) (Riemen, Bändern oder beliebigen anderen Elementen zur Mitnahme von Fasern) aufgebracht werden, die auf beiden Seiten des Materials angeordnet sind und sich mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten Vi und V2 bewegen.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beweglichen Elemente (18,19) gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beweglichen Elemente (18, 19) gegeneinander versetzt sind.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mehrere bewegliche Elemente (18,19, 26, 27) aufweist, die gegeneinander versetzt und jeweils mit verschiedenen Geschwindigkeiten (Vi, V2, Vs, V4 ...) angetrieben sind.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von den beweglichen Elementen (18, 19) auf das durchlaufende Material (24) aufgebrachten Normalkräfte (20, 21) mittels Platten, Rollen, Walzen oder Federblättern erzeugt werden.
14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf das Material (24) aufgebrachten Normalkräfte durch die Wirkung der Fasern selbst als eine oder mehrere teleskopisch aufeinanderfolgende Schubkräfte erzeugt werden.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einwirkung der Fasern mittels eines oder mehrerer Falschdrahtelemente erhalten wird.
EP83420039A 1982-03-12 1983-03-10 Streckverfahren für eine faserartige Textilstruktur und Vorrichtung dafür Expired EP0089299B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8204371A FR2523159A1 (fr) 1982-03-12 1982-03-12 Procede d'affinage d'un ensemble de fibres textiles en nappe, en ruban, en meche, par cisaillement : etirage de haute performance
FR8204371 1982-03-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0089299A2 EP0089299A2 (de) 1983-09-21
EP0089299A3 EP0089299A3 (en) 1984-01-04
EP0089299B1 true EP0089299B1 (de) 1985-10-23

Family

ID=9272023

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83420039A Expired EP0089299B1 (de) 1982-03-12 1983-03-10 Streckverfahren für eine faserartige Textilstruktur und Vorrichtung dafür

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0089299B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS59168136A (de)
KR (1) KR840004192A (de)
DE (1) DE3361050D1 (de)
ES (1) ES520534A0 (de)
FR (1) FR2523159A1 (de)
IN (1) IN159015B (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE263375C (de) * 1911-05-28 1913-08-08
FR1593755A (de) * 1968-11-28 1970-06-01
GB1378177A (en) * 1971-06-18 1974-12-27 Mackie & Sons Ltd J Textile drafting machines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2523159B1 (de) 1985-02-15
KR840004192A (ko) 1984-10-10
ES8401536A1 (es) 1983-12-16
EP0089299A2 (de) 1983-09-21
ES520534A0 (es) 1983-12-16
FR2523159A1 (fr) 1983-09-16
IN159015B (de) 1987-03-07
JPS59168136A (ja) 1984-09-21
DE3361050D1 (en) 1985-11-28
EP0089299A3 (en) 1984-01-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0085634B1 (de) Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung eines Garns
EP0022421B1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Zwirnes mit über seine Länge abwechselnder S- und Z-Drehung
EP0126659A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Zwirns
CN109750394B (zh) 用于对纱线施以假捻的设备和方法及用于生产纱线的设备
EP0085635B1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Coregarn
CH616967A5 (de)
EP0089299B1 (de) Streckverfahren für eine faserartige Textilstruktur und Vorrichtung dafür
FR2558488A1 (fr) Procede pour filer des fibres coupees
EP0098230B1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Coregarn aus Fasern
SU1314957A3 (ru) Способ пр дени волокон и устройство дл его осуществлени
CH616712A5 (de)
FR2552785A1 (fr) Fil empaquete comportant des fibres artificielles et synthetiques a filer et procede pour sa fabrication
EP0168357B1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Drehen und gleichzeitigen Verziehen von Lunte auf einer Ringspinnmaschine
US3953161A (en) Apparatus for manufacturing synthetic tow for stretch-cut spinning process
US6732896B2 (en) Apparatus and process for dividing a nonwoven web
EP0155892A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spinngarn
FR2548692A1 (fr) Produit textile type file de fibres, procede et dispositif pour sa fabrication
CH283712A (fr) Procédé de transformation d'une filasse à filaments continus en fil filé au moyen d'une machine à filer directe, machine à filer pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé et fil obtenu par ledit procédé.
BE490506A (de)
FR2667618A1 (fr) Procede pour l'obtention d'un file de fibres et dispositif pour sa mise en óoeuvre.
US281388A (en) motiron
FR2635339A1 (fr) Procede de filature du type a bouts liberes, et dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre ce procede
FR2614323A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour ameliorer la divisibilite du lin en fibres.
Wood 10. Drafting and Gilling of Fibrous Assemblies
FR2533593A1 (fr) Produit textile type file de fibres, procede et dispositif pour sa fabrication

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19840703

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: CENTRE TECHNIQUE INDUSTRIEL DIT: INSTITUT TEXTILE

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3361050

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19851128

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19910305

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19910308

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19910328

Year of fee payment: 9

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19910415

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19911231

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19920310

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19920331

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19920331

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19920331

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: INSTITUT TEXTILE DE FRANCE

Effective date: 19920331

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19921130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: AUV

Free format text: LE BREVET CI-DESSUS EST TOMBE EN DECHEANCE FAUTE DE PAIEMENT, DE LA 10E ANNUITE.

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19921201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST