EP0287454A1 - Fabric from glass fibres and polyester, and articles comprising such a fabric - Google Patents

Fabric from glass fibres and polyester, and articles comprising such a fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0287454A1
EP0287454A1 EP88400878A EP88400878A EP0287454A1 EP 0287454 A1 EP0287454 A1 EP 0287454A1 EP 88400878 A EP88400878 A EP 88400878A EP 88400878 A EP88400878 A EP 88400878A EP 0287454 A1 EP0287454 A1 EP 0287454A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
fabric
weight
polyester
glass fibers
Prior art date
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Granted
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EP88400878A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0287454B1 (en
Inventor
Hervé Auduc
Jean Aucagne
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Brochier SA
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Brochier SA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/267—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of so-called technical fabrics, that is to say fabrics whose applications are essentially industrial.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a fabric based on fibers suitable for the manufacture of composite articles usable as exterior structures.
  • the invention therefore relates to fabrics as well as to the articles comprising said fabrics, such as those obtained by impregnating these fabrics with a resin, possibly in combination with other constituents, thereby producing structures having very diverse fields of application. , especially in the aeronautical industry.
  • Such a fabric is very suitable, by impregnation with usual resins, advantageously epoxy resins, for the production of articles, such as exterior structures of aircraft, which must withstand in particular the severe climatic conditions of use.
  • the fabric according to the invention allows an excellent impregnation with the resin, to result in laminated composite structures in which the woven support consists of a number of plies or layers of fabric according to the invention.
  • the articles thus obtained are perfectly suitable as external composite structures, since they have all the advantageous properties which are necessary for said structures, namely: the surface appearance, the mass, the impact resistance, the stiffness, the compressive strength in fixing areas, the price, and above all good resistance to humidity.
  • the description which follows illustrates all the advantageous characteristics of the articles according to the invention.
  • the first constituent of the fabric according to the invention consists of textured glass fibers.
  • the expression "textured” within the meaning of the present description designates a glass fiber whose alignment of each filament is random.
  • frayed glass fibers This type of fiber is known to a person skilled in the art and can be obtained in a known manner by various treatments.
  • the textured glass fibers used in the fabric according to the invention are continuous or discontinuous. Generally preferred are continuous fibers which provide the best mechanical results.
  • textured glass fibers have many advantages over non-textured glass fibers: - textured glass fibers make it possible to obtain articles having a better surface condition, since they have a significantly higher resin absorption capacity than non-textured glass fibers or smooth; also textured glass fibers, provide a better fiber / resin interface because they provide a larger contact surface with the resin; - fabrics and articles based on textured glass fibers have a lower surface mass, due to the swollen structure of said fibers;
  • Textured glass fibers have a random distribution of filaments, which is favorable for compensating for expansions within the fabrics and articles according to the invention in which said fibers are mixed with polyester fibers; on the contrary, non-textured glass fibers mixed with polyester fibers can cause deformations during the molding of the finished products. - the drapability (or deformability) of fabrics based on textured glass fibers is easier.
  • Textured glass fibers have a weight per unit length which can vary within fairly wide limits, in particular from 11 to 126 tex (one tex representing the number of grams per kilometer of fiber). Good results have been obtained with glass fibers of about 68 tex.
  • the second constituent of the fabric according to the invention consists of polyester fibers.
  • Such fibers are well suited for the manufacture of composite articles which can be used as external structures because they have a low density (of the order of 1.1), good behavior in humidity, good elongation at break and a low price.
  • the fabric according to the invention can be designed to have a surface mass identical to aramid fiber fabrics which are the most used today and have a mass of about 170 g / m2.
  • the relative proportions of the two constituents of the fabric according to the invention are chosen according to the particular problems to be solved. It is indeed necessary to adopt a compromise taking into account the imperatives to be respected, as for the unit mass and the price in particular. Consequently, the quantity of textured glass fibers which is generally from 45 to 75% by weight, relative to the total weight of the fabric, is preferably between 45 and 55% by weight approximately. Correspondingly, the amount of polyester fibers which is generally between 25 and 55% by weight relative to the total weight of the fabric is preferably between 45 and 55% by weight.
  • the fabric according to the invention can also comprise a certain proportion, ranging up to 30% by weight of the total weight of aramid or carbon fibers or metallic fibers, such as aluminum fibers, these conferring good additional properties of protection against external electrical phenomena (lightning).
  • the fabric according to the invention lends itself particularly well to impregnation with a resin, in particular an epoxy resin.
  • the impregnation rate can be high and in general it is 30 to 60%, in particular 35 to 50% relative to the total weight.
  • the high absorption capacity of the resin by the fabric is favorable for obtaining a good surface condition.
  • the fabric according to the invention can be directly used as a woven support for sandwich structures or mo exterior nolithics.
  • the production of such structures is known to those skilled in the art.
  • Honeycomb type sandwich structures increase the inertia of the composite.
  • Laminates comprising several layers of fabric impregnated with resin can also be used, which corresponds to monolithic structures.
  • the epoxy resin used was M14 resin from BROCHIER SA, adhesive and self-extinguishing of 120 ° C class.
  • test pieces were obtained obtained from a laminate with 40% epoxy resin impregnation and comprising, as the case may be, 10 or 12 layers of fabric.
  • a mixture in accordance with the invention was used: 50% by weight of textured glass fibers 50% by weight of polyester fibers.
  • a fabric having a nominal surface mass of 170 g / m2 has been woven from this mixture.
  • the textured glass fibers were of type ET9, titer 68 tex.
  • the polyester fibers were of the Diolen 550 type having a count of 96 tex.
  • a mixture of textured glass fibers and polyester fibers was used at a rate of 28% by mass for the former and 22% by mass for the latter.
  • the same textured glass fibers and polyester were used with a respective weight distribution of 28% and 22%.
  • the "Palmer” thickness is around 0.20mm.
  • the textured glass / polyester hydride composite at 50% by mass has properties equivalent to those of a composite based on aramid fibers of the type tested in Example 1.
  • Such fabrics are perfectly suitable for the manufacture of composite articles usable as sandwich or monolithic exterior structures, especially for aircraft.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Fabric suitable in particular for the manufacture of composite articles which can be employed as external structures, characterised in that it comprises a mixture of: a) approximately 45 to 75 % by weight of textured glass fibres; b) approximately 25 to 55 % by weight of polyester fibres.

Description

L'invention appartient au domaine des tissus dits techniques, c'est-à-dire des tissus dont les applications sont essentiellement industrielles. L'invention a plus par­ticulièrement pour objet un tissu à base de fibres convenant pour la fabrication d'articles composites utilisables en tant que structures extérieures. L'invention concerne donc les tissus ainsi que les articles comprenant lesdits tissus, tels que ceux obtenus par imprégnation de ces tissus avec une résine, éventuellement en combinaison avec d'autres constituants, en réalisant ainsi des structures ayant des domaines d'application très divers, surtout dans l'industrie aéronautique.The invention belongs to the field of so-called technical fabrics, that is to say fabrics whose applications are essentially industrial. The invention more particularly relates to a fabric based on fibers suitable for the manufacture of composite articles usable as exterior structures. The invention therefore relates to fabrics as well as to the articles comprising said fabrics, such as those obtained by impregnating these fabrics with a resin, possibly in combination with other constituents, thereby producing structures having very diverse fields of application. , especially in the aeronautical industry.

A l'heure actuelle, on se préoccupe de plus en plus de trouver de noveaux matériaux légers et résistants, même dans des conditions d'utilisation très sévères. Ces problèmes techniques sont particulièrement cruciaux pour la fabrication de structures extérieures des aéronefs, telles que carénages, capotages, portes et autres. On sait que les structures extérieures d'un aéronef sont soumises à de très fortes variations de températures. Celles-ci atteignent en effet -55°C en altitude et vont parfois jusqu'à 70°C au sol. De surcroît la congélation et le dégel répétés de l'eau, ab­sorbée par un article composite servant de structure exté­rieure entraîne des micro-fissurations, qui à leur tour favorisent encore la reprise d'eau et conduisent à terme à de graves dégâts.Today, there is an increasing concern to find new light and resistant materials, even under very severe conditions of use. These technical problems are particularly crucial for the manufacture of exterior structures of aircraft, such as fairings, cowling, doors and the like. We know that the exterior structures of an aircraft are subject to very large temperature variations. These indeed reach -55 ° C at altitude and sometimes go up to 70 ° C on the ground. In addition, the repeated freezing and thawing of the water, absorbed by a composite article serving as an external structure, causes micro-cracks, which in turn further promote water uptake and eventually lead to serious damage.

On s'est donc efforcé de trouver des matériaux composites pour la fabrication de telles pièces extérieures, qui sont capables de résister à de telles températures, tout en possédant des caractéristiques mécaniques suffisantes al­liées à une masse unitaire la plus faible possible. Dans la technique antérieure on a tout d'abord utilisé des composi­tes verre/résine époxyde, mais on leur préfère actuellement des composites aramide/époxyde, dont la densité est moins élevée et dont la résistance à l'impact est en général su­ périeure. A titre illustratif, la densité d'un composite verre/époxyde comportant 50% de résine est d'environ 1,87 alors que la densité d'un composite aramide/époxyde, compor­tant le même taux de résine est voisine de 1,32. Les pro­priétés des composites à base d'aramide sont donc supérieures au moins pour ce qui est de la masse unitaire et des caractéristiques mécaniques. Toutefois l'utilisation des fibres aramides induit une forte tendance à la reprise d'humidité, laquelle peut atteindre 4% de la masse du compo­site. Cette propriété est tout-à-fait désavantageuse pour la construction des structures extérieures d'aéronefs, car, ainsi qu'on l'a mentionné précédemment, toute absorption ex­cessive d'eau peut occasionner de graves dégâts, en raison des contraintes extérieures de températures.Efforts have therefore been made to find composite materials for the manufacture of such external parts, which are capable of withstanding such temperatures, while possessing sufficient mechanical characteristics combined with the lowest possible unit mass. In the prior art, glass / epoxy resin composites were first used, but aramid / epoxy composites are currently preferred, their density is lower and the impact resistance is generally known. lower. By way of illustration, the density of a glass / epoxy composite comprising 50% resin is approximately 1.87 while the density of an aramid / epoxy composite comprising the same resin content is close to 1.32. The properties of aramid-based composites are therefore superior at least as regards the unit mass and the mechanical characteristics. However, the use of aramid fibers induces a strong tendency towards moisture uptake, which can reach 4% of the mass of the composite. This property is quite disadvantageous for the construction of aircraft exterior structures, since, as mentioned above, any excessive absorption of water can cause serious damage, due to the external temperature constraints. .

Il existe donc un besoin certain, pour assurer la longévité et la sécurité des structures extérieures, spécia­lement des aéronefs, de mettre au point des matériaux exempts de tels inconvénients, mais possédant néanmoins des propriétés au moins égales pour ce qui concerne la masse unitaire et les propriétés générales mécaniques. Ainsi, les composites verre/époxyde sont trop lourds, alors que les composites aramide/époxyde outre leur sensibilité à l'eau, présentent encore de mauvaises caractéristiques en compres­sion.There is therefore a definite need, in order to ensure the longevity and safety of external structures, especially aircraft, to develop materials which are free from such disadvantages, but which nevertheless have properties at least equal with regard to the unit mass and the general mechanical properties. Thus, the glass / epoxy composites are too heavy, while the aramid / epoxy composites, in addition to their sensitivity to water, still have poor compression characteristics.

La présente invention a pour but d'apporter une solution à ce problème en procurant un tissu à base de fi­bres, convenant en particulier pour la fabrication d'articles composites utilisables en tant que structures ex­térieures, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un mélange de:

  • a) environ 45 à 75% en poids de fibres de verre texturées;
  • b) environ 25 à 55% en poids de fibres de polyes­ter.
The present invention aims to provide a solution to this problem by providing a fiber-based fabric, particularly suitable for the manufacture of composite articles usable as exterior structures, characterized in that it comprises a mixture of :
  • a) about 45 to 75% by weight of textured glass fibers;
  • b) about 25 to 55% by weight of polyester fibers.

Un tel tissu convient bien, par imprégnation avec des résines usuelles, avantageusement des résines époxydes, pour la réalisation d'articles, tels que des structures ex­térieures d'aéronefs, qui doivent résister notamment aux conditions climatiques sévères d'utilisation. Le tissu selon l'invention permet une imprégnation excellente par la rési­ne, pour aboutir à des structures composites stratifiées dans lesquelles le support tissé est constitué d'un certain nombre de plis ou couches de tissu selon l'invention. Les articles ainsi obtenus conviennent parfaitement comme struc­tures composites extérieures, car ils possèdent toutes les propriétés avantageuses qui sont nécessaires pour lesdites structures, à savoir: l'aspect de surface, la masse, la ré­sistance aux chocs, la raideur, la résistance à la compres­sion dans les zones de fixation, le prix, et surtout une bonne résistance à l'humidité. La description qui suit il­lustre l'ensemble des caractéristiques avantageuses des ar­ticles selon l'invention.Such a fabric is very suitable, by impregnation with usual resins, advantageously epoxy resins, for the production of articles, such as exterior structures of aircraft, which must withstand in particular the severe climatic conditions of use. The fabric according to the invention allows an excellent impregnation with the resin, to result in laminated composite structures in which the woven support consists of a number of plies or layers of fabric according to the invention. The articles thus obtained are perfectly suitable as external composite structures, since they have all the advantageous properties which are necessary for said structures, namely: the surface appearance, the mass, the impact resistance, the stiffness, the compressive strength in fixing areas, the price, and above all good resistance to humidity. The description which follows illustrates all the advantageous characteristics of the articles according to the invention.

Le premier constituant du tissu selon l'invention consiste en des fibres de verre texturées. L'expression "texturé" au sens de la présente description désigne une fi­bre de verre dont l'alignement de chaque filament est aléatoire. Dans la technique d'obtention des fibres de ver­re, on parle également de fibres de verre effilochées. Ce type de fibre est connu de l'homme du métier et peut être obtenu de manière connue par divers traitements. Les fibres de verre texturées mises en oeuvre dans le tissu selon l'invention sont continues ou discontinues. On préfère en général les fibres continues qui procurent les meilleurs ré­sultats mécaniques.The first constituent of the fabric according to the invention consists of textured glass fibers. The expression "textured" within the meaning of the present description designates a glass fiber whose alignment of each filament is random. In the technique of obtaining glass fibers, we also speak of frayed glass fibers. This type of fiber is known to a person skilled in the art and can be obtained in a known manner by various treatments. The textured glass fibers used in the fabric according to the invention are continuous or discontinuous. Generally preferred are continuous fibers which provide the best mechanical results.

Dans l'application prévue par l'invention, les fi­bres de verre texturées présentent de nombreux avantages par rapport aux fibres de verre non texturées:
    - les fibres de verre texturées permettent d'ob­tenir des articles présentant un meilleure état de surface, car elles possèdent une capacité d'absorption de résine net­tement plus élevée que les fibres de verre non texturées ou lisses; également les fibres de verre texturées,procurent un meilleur interface fibre/résine car elles réalisent une plus grande surface de contact avec la résine;
    - les tissus et articles à base de fibres de verre texturées ont une masse surfacique plus faible, en raison de la structure gonflée desdites fibres;In the application provided by the invention, textured glass fibers have many advantages over non-textured glass fibers:
- textured glass fibers make it possible to obtain articles having a better surface condition, since they have a significantly higher resin absorption capacity than non-textured glass fibers or smooth; also textured glass fibers, provide a better fiber / resin interface because they provide a larger contact surface with the resin;
- fabrics and articles based on textured glass fibers have a lower surface mass, due to the swollen structure of said fibers;

Les fibres de verre texturées présentent une ré­partition aléatoire des filaments, qui est favorable à la compensation des dilatations au sein des tissus et articles selon l'invention dans lesquels lesdites fibres sont mé­langées avec les fibres de polyester; au contraire les fi­bres de verre non texturées mélangées aux fibres de polyester peuvent provoquer des déformations lors du moulage des produits finis.
    - la drapabilité (ou déformabilité) des tissus à base de fibres de verre texturées est plus aisée.Textured glass fibers have a random distribution of filaments, which is favorable for compensating for expansions within the fabrics and articles according to the invention in which said fibers are mixed with polyester fibers; on the contrary, non-textured glass fibers mixed with polyester fibers can cause deformations during the molding of the finished products.
- the drapability (or deformability) of fabrics based on textured glass fibers is easier.

Les fibres de verre texturées ont un poids par unité de longueur qui peut varier dans d'assez larges limi­tes, en particulier de 11 à 126 tex (un tex représentant le nombre de grammes par kilomètre de fibre). On a obtenu de bons résultats avec des fibres de verre de 68 tex environ.Textured glass fibers have a weight per unit length which can vary within fairly wide limits, in particular from 11 to 126 tex (one tex representing the number of grams per kilometer of fiber). Good results have been obtained with glass fibers of about 68 tex.

Le deuxième constituant du tissu selon l'invention consiste en des fibres de polyester. De telles fibres conviennent bien pour la fabrication des articles composites utilisables en tant que structures extérieures car elles possédent une faible densité (de l'ordre de 1,1), un bon comportement à l'humidité, une bonne élongation à la rupture et un faible prix. On utilise le plus couramment des fibres de polyester du type polytéréphtalate, de qualité non-feu ou haute ténacité, telles que celles disponibles sur le marché sous les dénominations "Tergal (Rhône-Poulenc), Dacron (Du Pont de Nemours) ou Diolen (Bayer). En général, les fi­bres de polyester utilisables ont des titres de 200 à 1500 décitex environ.The second constituent of the fabric according to the invention consists of polyester fibers. Such fibers are well suited for the manufacture of composite articles which can be used as external structures because they have a low density (of the order of 1.1), good behavior in humidity, good elongation at break and a low price. Most commonly used polyester fibers of the polyterephthalate type, of fireproof or high tenacity quality, such as those available on the market under the names "Tergal (Rhône-Poulenc), Dacron (Du Pont de Nemours) or Diolen ( In general, the polyester fibers which can be used have values of around 200 to 1500 decitex.

Ainsi qu'on le montrera grâce à des exemples concrets, le tissu selon l'invention peut être conçu pour présenter une masse surfacique identique aux tissus en fi­bres d'aramide qui sont les plus utilisés actuellement et ont une masse de l'ordre de 170 g/m².As will be shown with examples concrete, the fabric according to the invention can be designed to have a surface mass identical to aramid fiber fabrics which are the most used today and have a mass of about 170 g / m².

Les proportions relatives des deux constituants du tissu selon l'invention sont choisies en fonction des pro­blèmes particuliers à résoudre. Il convient en effet d'adopter un compromis compte-tenu des impératifs à respec­ter, quant à la masse unitaire et au prix notamment. Par conséquent la quantité de fibres de verre texturées qui est en général de 45 à 75% environ en poids, par rapport au poids total du tissu, est de préférence comprise entre 45 et 55% en poids environ. De manière correspondante la quantité de fibres de polyester qui est comprise en général entre 25 et 55% en poids par rapport au poids total du tissu est de préférence comprise entre 45 et 55% en poids.The relative proportions of the two constituents of the fabric according to the invention are chosen according to the particular problems to be solved. It is indeed necessary to adopt a compromise taking into account the imperatives to be respected, as for the unit mass and the price in particular. Consequently, the quantity of textured glass fibers which is generally from 45 to 75% by weight, relative to the total weight of the fabric, is preferably between 45 and 55% by weight approximately. Correspondingly, the amount of polyester fibers which is generally between 25 and 55% by weight relative to the total weight of the fabric is preferably between 45 and 55% by weight.

On a obtenu de bons résultats avec un tissu cons­titué d'un mélange fil à fil de verre texturé et de fils de polyester en quantités pondérales égales, soit 50% en poids.Good results have been obtained with a fabric consisting of a yarn-to-yarn blend of textured glass and polyester yarns in equal weight quantities, ie 50% by weight.

Selon une caractéristique complémentaire, le tissu selon l'invention peut comprendre également une certaine proportion, allant jusqu'à 30 % en poids du poids total de fibres d'aramide ou de carbone ou de fibres métalliques, telles que les fibres d'aluminium, celles-ci conférant de bonnes propriétés additionnelles de protection contre les phénomènes électriques extérieurs (foudre).According to an additional characteristic, the fabric according to the invention can also comprise a certain proportion, ranging up to 30% by weight of the total weight of aramid or carbon fibers or metallic fibers, such as aluminum fibers, these conferring good additional properties of protection against external electrical phenomena (lightning).

Ainsi qu'on l'a dit précédemment, le tissu selon l'invention se prête particulièrement bien à une imprégna­tion par une résine, notamment une résine époxyde. Le taux d'imprégnation peut être élevé et en général il est de 30 à 60%, en particulier de 35 à 50% par rapport au poids total. La capacité éleveé d'absorption de la résine par le tissu est favorable pour l'obtention d'un bon état de surface.As mentioned above, the fabric according to the invention lends itself particularly well to impregnation with a resin, in particular an epoxy resin. The impregnation rate can be high and in general it is 30 to 60%, in particular 35 to 50% relative to the total weight. The high absorption capacity of the resin by the fabric is favorable for obtaining a good surface condition.

Le tissu selon l'invention peut être directement utilisé comme support tissé pour structures sandwichs ou mo­ nolithiques extérieures. La réalisation de telles structures est connue de l'homme du métier. Les structures sandwichs de type nid d'abeilles permettent d'augmenter l'inertie du com­posite. On peut utiliser aussi des stratifiés comprenant plusieurs couches de tissus imprégnées de résine, ce qui correspond à des structures monolithiques.The fabric according to the invention can be directly used as a woven support for sandwich structures or mo exterior nolithics. The production of such structures is known to those skilled in the art. Honeycomb type sandwich structures increase the inertia of the composite. Laminates comprising several layers of fabric impregnated with resin can also be used, which corresponds to monolithic structures.

L'invention sera maintenant illustrée sans être aucunement limitée par les exemples qui suivent.The invention will now be illustrated without being limited in any way by the examples which follow.

EXEMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1

Dans cet exemple, on a tout d'abord démontré qu'un composite formé de fibres de verre texturées imprégnées de résine époxyde,possédait un très bon comportement mécanique, très comparable à celui d'un composite verre continu/résine époxyde à taux de fibres équivalent, soit 60% en poids. On a également fait porter la comparaison sur un composite aramide/résine époxyde. Les fibres d'aramide étaient celles mises sur le marché sous la dénomination "Kevlar" type K181 ou K285, ayant une masse surfacique de 170 gr/m².In this example, it was first demonstrated that a composite formed of textured glass fibers impregnated with epoxy resin, exhibited very good mechanical behavior, very comparable to that of a continuous glass / epoxy resin composite with a fiber content. equivalent, i.e. 60% by weight. The comparison was also made on an aramid / epoxy resin composite. The aramid fibers were those placed on the market under the name "Kevlar" type K181 or K285, having a surface mass of 170 gr / m².

Dans chaque cas, la résine époxyde utilisée était la résine M14 de BROCHIER SA, adhésive et auto-extinguible de classe 120°C.In each case, the epoxy resin used was M14 resin from BROCHIER SA, adhesive and self-extinguishing of 120 ° C class.

Pour les essais, on a réalisé des éprouvettes de 3 mm d'épaisseur obtenues à partir d'un stratifié à 40% de ré­sine époxyde d'imprégnation et comportant, selon le cas, 10 ou 12 couches de tissu.For the tests, 3 mm thick test pieces were obtained obtained from a laminate with 40% epoxy resin impregnation and comprising, as the case may be, 10 or 12 layers of fabric.

Les résultats obtenus par les essais normalisés habituels sont rassemblés dans le tableau I.

Figure imgb0001
The results obtained by the usual standardized tests are collated in table I.
Figure imgb0001

EXEMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2

Dans cet exemple, on a utilisé un mélange conforme à l'invention de:
50% en poids de fibres de verre texturées
50% en poids de fibres de polyester.In this example, a mixture in accordance with the invention was used:
50% by weight of textured glass fibers
50% by weight of polyester fibers.

On a tissé à partir de ce mélange un tissu ayant une masse surfacique nominale de 170 g/m². Les fibres de verre texturées étaient du type ET9, titre 68 tex. Les fibres de polyester étaient du type Diolen 550 ayant un titre de 96 tex. Pour la réalisation de la chaîne, on a uti­lisé un mélange de fibres de verre texturées et de fibres polyester à raison de 28% en masse pour les premières et de 22% en masse pour les secondes. De même pour la réalisation de la trame, on a utilisé les mêmes fibres de verre textu­rées et de polyester avec une répartition en masses res­pectives de 28% et 22%.A fabric having a nominal surface mass of 170 g / m² has been woven from this mixture. The textured glass fibers were of type ET9, titer 68 tex. The polyester fibers were of the Diolen 550 type having a count of 96 tex. For the production of the warp, a mixture of textured glass fibers and polyester fibers was used at a rate of 28% by mass for the former and 22% by mass for the latter. Likewise for the production of the weft, the same textured glass fibers and polyester were used with a respective weight distribution of 28% and 22%.

L'épaisseur "Palmer" est de l'ordre de 0,20mm.The "Palmer" thickness is around 0.20mm.

Le tissu ci-dessus a été imprégné d'une résine époxyde de type M14 à un taux de 50% en poids. On a réalisé des éprouvettes de 3 mm d'épaisseur à partir d'un stratifié composite comportant un tel support tissé et on a mesuré leurs propriétés mécaniques. Les résultats des essais appa­raîssent au tableau II.

Figure imgb0002
The above fabric was impregnated with an M14 type epoxy resin at a rate of 50% by weight. Test pieces 3 mm thick were produced from a composite laminate comprising such a woven support and their mechanical properties were measured. The results of the tests appear in Table II.
Figure imgb0002

On voit ainsi que le composite hydride verre texturé/polyester à 50% en masse possède des propriétés équivalentes à celles d'un composite à base de fibres d'aramide du type testé à l'exemple 1.It can thus be seen that the textured glass / polyester hydride composite at 50% by mass has properties equivalent to those of a composite based on aramid fibers of the type tested in Example 1.

On a obtenu des résultats équivalents en faisant varier les proportions de fibres polyester, dans le tissu mélangé selon l'invention, entre 25 et 55% en masse environ.Equivalent results have been obtained by varying the proportions of polyester fibers, in the fabric mixed according to the invention, between 25 and 55% by mass approximately.

Les exemples qui précèdent montrent que l'homme du métier peut choisir les proportions de fibres de verre tex­turées et de fibres de polyester en fonction des caractéris­tiques désirées des tissus et des articles imprégnés comportant de tels tissus.The foregoing examples show that a person skilled in the art can choose the proportions of textured glass fibers and polyester fibers as a function of the desired characteristics of the fabrics and of the impregnated articles comprising such fabrics.

De tels tissus conviennent parfaitement pour la fabrication d'articles composites utilisables en tant que structures sandwichs ou monolithiques extérieures, surtout pour les aéronefs.Such fabrics are perfectly suitable for the manufacture of composite articles usable as sandwich or monolithic exterior structures, especially for aircraft.

Claims (10)

1. Tissu à base de fibres, convenant en parti­culier pour la fabrication d'articles composites utilisables en tant que structures extérieures, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un mélange de: a) environ 45 à 75% en poids de fibres de verre texturées; b) environ 25 à 55% en poids de fibres de polyes­ter. 1. Fabric based on fibers, suitable in particular for the manufacture of composite articles usable as external structures, characterized in that it comprises a mixture of: a) about 45 to 75% by weight of textured glass fibers; b) about 25 to 55% by weight of polyester fibers. 2. Tissu selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de verre (a) sont continues.2. Fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass fibers (a) are continuous. 3. Tissu selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de verre (a) ont un poids par unité de longueur allant de 11 à 126 tex, en particulier de 68 tex environ.3. Fabric according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the glass fibers (a) have a weight per unit length ranging from 11 to 126 tex, in particular about 68 tex. 4. Tissu selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les fibres de polyester (b) sont du type polytéréphtalate, de qualité non-feu ou haute ténacité ayant des titres, notamment, de 200 à 1500 décitex environ.4. Fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the polyester fibers (b) are of the polyterephthalate type, of fireproof or high tenacity quality having titles, in particular, of 200 to 1500 decitex approximately . 5. Tissu selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la quantité des fibres (a) de verre texturées est de 45 à 55% en poids et, de manière correspondante, la quantité de fibres (b) de polyester est de 55 à 45% en poids par rapport au poids total du tissu.5. Fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the amount of textured glass fibers (a) is 45 to 55% by weight and, correspondingly, the amount of fibers (b) polyester is 55 to 45% by weight relative to the total weight of the fabric. 6. Tissu selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient en outre, une pro­portion allant jusqu'à 30% en poids du poids total de fibres d'aramide ou de carbone ou de fibres métalliques, telles que les fibres d'aluminium, celles-ci conférant de bonnes pro­priétés additionnelles de protection contre les phénomènes électriques extérieurs (foudre).6. Fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it additionally contains a proportion of up to 30% by weight of the total weight of aramid or carbon fibers or metallic fibers, such as aluminum fibers, these conferring good additional properties of protection against external electrical phenomena (lightning). 7. Article caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un tissu selon l'un quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 et une résine d'imprégnation.7. Article characterized in that it comprises a fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and an impregnation resin. 8. Article selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la résine d'imprégnation est une résine époxyde.8. Article according to claim 7, characterized in that the impregnation resin is an epoxy resin. 9. Article selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le taux de résine d'imprégnation est de 30 à 60%, en particulier de 35 à 50% du poids total de l'article.9. Article according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the rate of impregnation resin is 30 to 60%, in particular 35 to 50% of the total weight of the article. 10. Application de l'article selon l'une quel­conque des revendications 7 à 9, comme structure extérieure, en particulier pour les aéronefs.10. Application of the article according to any one of claims 7 to 9, as an external structure, in particular for aircraft.
EP88400878A 1987-04-16 1988-04-12 Fabric from glass fibres and polyester, and articles comprising such a fabric Expired - Lifetime EP0287454B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8705460A FR2614045B1 (en) 1987-04-16 1987-04-16 FABRIC BASED ON GLASS AND POLYESTER FIBERS, AND ARTICLES COMPRISING SUCH A FABRIC
FR8705460 1987-04-16

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EP0287454B1 EP0287454B1 (en) 1991-10-02

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JP (1) JPS63282335A (en)
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DE (2) DE3865227D1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2614045B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1007324A3 (en) * 1993-02-26 1995-05-16 Asahi Schwebel Co Ltd Woven fibreglass material and process for manufacturing same
EP0980921A1 (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-02-23 Vitrulan Textilglas GmbH Method for producing a patterned glass fabric

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2689146B1 (en) * 1992-03-31 1995-09-22 Brochier Sa TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT WITH CONTROLLED ELECTRICAL LOSSES.
WO2005047581A1 (en) * 2003-11-06 2005-05-26 Hexcel Corporation Interlock double weave fabric and methods of making and using the same

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US3707120A (en) * 1971-06-01 1972-12-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Reinforcement of rubber
EP0031785A1 (en) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-08 J. BROCHIER ET FILS (Société Anonyme) Complex textile material for making stratified products and stratified products made from this material
US4320160A (en) * 1979-08-21 1982-03-16 Toray Industries, Inc. Fabric structure for fiber reinforced plastics
FR2500495A1 (en) * 1981-02-26 1982-08-27 Hasegawa Chem Ind REINFORCING PLASTIC MATERIAL
EP0095537A1 (en) * 1982-06-02 1983-12-07 Teijin Limited High twist polyester multi-filament yarn and fabric made therefrom

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3707120A (en) * 1971-06-01 1972-12-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Reinforcement of rubber
US4320160A (en) * 1979-08-21 1982-03-16 Toray Industries, Inc. Fabric structure for fiber reinforced plastics
EP0031785A1 (en) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-08 J. BROCHIER ET FILS (Société Anonyme) Complex textile material for making stratified products and stratified products made from this material
FR2500495A1 (en) * 1981-02-26 1982-08-27 Hasegawa Chem Ind REINFORCING PLASTIC MATERIAL
EP0095537A1 (en) * 1982-06-02 1983-12-07 Teijin Limited High twist polyester multi-filament yarn and fabric made therefrom

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1007324A3 (en) * 1993-02-26 1995-05-16 Asahi Schwebel Co Ltd Woven fibreglass material and process for manufacturing same
EP0980921A1 (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-02-23 Vitrulan Textilglas GmbH Method for producing a patterned glass fabric

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DE287454T1 (en) 1989-03-30
ES2005512A4 (en) 1989-03-16
JPS63282335A (en) 1988-11-18
FR2614045A1 (en) 1988-10-21
EP0287454B1 (en) 1991-10-02
FR2614045B1 (en) 1989-07-28
DE3865227D1 (en) 1991-11-07
CA1316679C (en) 1993-04-27
ES2005512T3 (en) 1992-04-16

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