EP0285743A2 - Linear array of half wave dipoles with quarter wave dipoles at the ends - Google Patents

Linear array of half wave dipoles with quarter wave dipoles at the ends Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0285743A2
EP0285743A2 EP88100257A EP88100257A EP0285743A2 EP 0285743 A2 EP0285743 A2 EP 0285743A2 EP 88100257 A EP88100257 A EP 88100257A EP 88100257 A EP88100257 A EP 88100257A EP 0285743 A2 EP0285743 A2 EP 0285743A2
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wave
dipoles
antenna
wave dipoles
quarter
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EP88100257A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0285743A3 (en
Inventor
Mirtcho Dipl.-Ing. Stamov Tabakov
Nedyalko Dipl.-Ing. Krestev Nedyalkov
Stefan Tzankov Stefanov
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NPP "MIRTA"
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H01Q21/10—Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/12—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q11/14—Resonant antennas with parts bent, folded, shaped or screened or with phasing impedances, to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna or to obtain desired polarisation effect
    • H01Q11/16—Resonant antennas with parts bent, folded, shaped or screened or with phasing impedances, to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna or to obtain desired polarisation effect in which the selected sections are collinear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna for receiving and transmitting or transmitting electromagnetic energy.
  • An antenna with at least two half-wave dipoles is known, which are arranged side by side on an axis. All two half-wave dipoles arranged side by side (adjacent) are connected to the leads of an inductively phase-rotating circuit with a phase shift of 180 ° el., The distance of which is ⁇ / 8. The free end of one of the end half-wave dipoles is the active routing of the antenna (Karl Rothammel: "Antenna Handbook", Sofia, 1977).
  • a disadvantage of the known antenna is its low effectiveness, which consists in its insufficient amplification factor.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an antenna with an increased gain.
  • an antenna which contains n pairs of half-wave dipoles which are arranged on one axis.
  • the half-wave dipoles of each pair are over a corresponding phase-rotating current circuit with an inductive character.
  • the active lead-out of the antenna is led out from the free end of one of the end half-wave dipoles.
  • a quarter-wave dipole is arranged on the same axis on the side of the end half-wave dipole, the passive lead-out of the antenna being led out from the end of the quarter-wave dipole adjacent to the active lead-out.
  • connection between the pairs of half-wave dipoles and between the end half-wave dipoles and their corresponding quarter-wave dipoles is capacitive, the phase shift having an inductive character and the phase shift having a capacitive character being 60 to 120 ° el.
  • the advantages of the antenna according to the invention are its increased effectiveness, i. H. in the higher gain factor and in the increased utilization factor of the antenna surface.
  • 1 consists of n arranged on an axis 0-0 pairs 11, 12, ..., 1 n half-wave dipoles 21-31, 22-32, ..., 2 n -3 n .
  • the half-wave dipoles 21-31, 22-32, ..., 2 n -3 n are at their mutually facing ends to an inductively phase-rotating circuit 41, 42, ... or 4 n with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el. interconnected.
  • the connection 5 between the individual pairs 11, 12, ..., 1 n has a capacitive character with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el.
  • the connection 8 with the half-wave dipoles has a capacitive character with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el.
  • the free end of the first half-wave dipole 21 is the active lead-out of the antenna, which is connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial line.
  • the passive lead-out of the antenna is the adjacent end of the quarter-wave dipole 6, which is connected to the grounded external conductor of the coaxial line.
  • the leads of the antenna can also be derived from the free end of the last half-wave dipole 3 n and the adjacent end of the quarter-wave dipole 7.
  • the antenna according to FIG. 2 contains a pair 1 of half-wave dipoles 2, 3 which are connected to one another via an inductively phase-rotating circuit 4 designed as a coil with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el.
  • a quarter-wave dipole 6 or 7 is arranged on the axis 0-0, which is connected to the pair 1 via a capacitive connection 8 with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el the air gap between the quarter-wave dipoles 6, 7 and their adjacent half-wave dipoles 2, 3.
  • the active lead-out of the antenna is derived from the free end of the half-wave dipole 2 and the passive lead-out from the adjacent end of the quarter-wave dipole 6.
  • the active lead-out can also be led out from the free end of the half-wave dipole 3 and the passive lead-out from the adjacent end of the quarter-wave dipole 7.
  • antenna systems with several elements can be formed with a suitable amplitude-phase supply and coordination between the elements of the system.
  • the antenna works in receive or transmit mode. It represents a colinear series of half-wave dipoles 2, 3 with alternating capacitive and inductive phase shifts, each by 60 to 120 ° el.
  • the quarter-wave dipoles 6, 7 have the function of a coordinating element.
  • an amplification factor of 5 is used for a phase shift with an inductive and capacitive character of 90 ° el.
  • the meter wave range for frequencies from 160 MHz to 200 MHz , 7 ⁇ B for a frequency of 168 MHz with respect to the half-wave dipole 1 reached.
  • a gain factor of 4.4 ⁇ B for a frequency of 525 MHz with respect to the half-wave dipole is achieved for frequencies from 450 MHz to 540 MHz.
  • the antenna has an asymmetrical lead-out, which is a direct connection with an asymmetrical Lei tung, z. B. a coaxial line.
  • the asymmetrical line can also be connected via a coordination link.
  • the antenna can also be connected to a symmetrical line via a balancing and coordination element.

Abstract

Die Empfangs- und Sendeantenne besteht aus kolinear angeordneten Dipolen 2, 3. Auf der Seite der End-Halbwellendipole 21, 3n sind je ein Viertelwellendipol 6, 7 angebracht. Die Dipole wechseln sich mit einer Phasenverschiebung mit kapazitivem und induktivem Charakter von 60 bis 120° el. ab. Die Herausführungen sind asymmetrisch vom freien Ende des einen End-Halbwellendipols 2 und vom benachbarten Ende des benachbarten Viertelwellendipols 6 herausgeführt.The receiving and transmitting antenna consists of colinear dipoles 2, 3. On the side of the half-wave dipoles 21, 3n, a quarter-wave dipole 6, 7 is attached. The dipoles alternate with a phase shift with capacitive and inductive character from 60 to 120 ° el. The leads are led out asymmetrically from the free end of one end half-wave dipole 2 and from the adjacent end of the adjacent quarter-wave dipole 6.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antenne zum Empfangen und Übertragen bzw. Senden elektromagnetischer Energie.The invention relates to an antenna for receiving and transmitting or transmitting electromagnetic energy.

Es ist eine Antenne mit wenigstens zwei Halbwellendipolen bekannt, die nebeneinander auf einer Achse angeordnet sind. Alle zwei nebeneinander (benachbart) angeordneten Halbwellendipole sind mit den Herausführungen eines induk­tiv phasendrehenden Stromkreises mit einer Phasenverschie­bung von 180° el. verbunden, deren Abstand λ/8 beträgt. Das freie Ende eines der End-Halbwellendipole ist die aktive Herausführung der Antenne (Karl Rothammel: "Antennen-Hand­buch", Sofia, 1977).An antenna with at least two half-wave dipoles is known, which are arranged side by side on an axis. All two half-wave dipoles arranged side by side (adjacent) are connected to the leads of an inductively phase-rotating circuit with a phase shift of 180 ° el., The distance of which is λ / 8. The free end of one of the end half-wave dipoles is the active routing of the antenna (Karl Rothammel: "Antenna Handbook", Sofia, 1977).

Ein Nachteil der bekannten Antenne besteht in ihrer geringen Wirksamkeit, welche in ihrem ungenügenden Verstärkungsfaktor besteht.A disadvantage of the known antenna is its low effectiveness, which consists in its insufficient amplification factor.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Antenne mit einem erhöhten Verstärkungsfaktor zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to provide an antenna with an increased gain.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Antenne ge­löst, die n Paare von Halbwellendipolen enthält, die auf einer Achse angeordnet sind. Die Halbwellendipole jedes Paars sind über einen entsprechenden phasendrehenden Strom­ kreis mit induktivem Charakter miteinander verbunden. Die aktive Herausführung der Antenne ist vom freien Ende des einen der End-Halbwellendipole herausgeführt. Auf der Seite der End-Halbwellendipole ist auf derselben Achse je ein Viertelwellendipol angeordnet, wobei die passive Heraus­führung der Antenne vom Ende des der aktiven Herausführung benachbarten Viertelwellendipols herausgeführt ist. Die Verbindung zwischen den Paaren von Halbwellendipolen und zwischen den End-Halbwellendipolen und deren entsprechenden Viertelwellendipolen ist kapazitiv, wobei die Phasenverschie­bung mit induktivem Charakter und die Phasenverschiebung mit kapazitivem Charakter 60 bis 120° el. beträgt.This object is achieved according to the invention by an antenna which contains n pairs of half-wave dipoles which are arranged on one axis. The half-wave dipoles of each pair are over a corresponding phase-rotating current circuit with an inductive character. The active lead-out of the antenna is led out from the free end of one of the end half-wave dipoles. A quarter-wave dipole is arranged on the same axis on the side of the end half-wave dipole, the passive lead-out of the antenna being led out from the end of the quarter-wave dipole adjacent to the active lead-out. The connection between the pairs of half-wave dipoles and between the end half-wave dipoles and their corresponding quarter-wave dipoles is capacitive, the phase shift having an inductive character and the phase shift having a capacitive character being 60 to 120 ° el.

Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne bestehen in ihrer erhöhten Wirksamkeit, d. h. im höheren Verstärkungsfaktor und im erhöhten Ausnutzungsfaktor der Antennenoberfläche.The advantages of the antenna according to the invention are its increased effectiveness, i. H. in the higher gain factor and in the increased utilization factor of the antenna surface.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne sind Gegenstand der Patentansprüche 2 und 3.Preferred developments of the antenna according to the invention are the subject of claims 2 and 3.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der in der Zeichnung gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine prinzipielle Ausführungsform der Antenne mit n Paaren von Halbwellendipolen und
  • Fig. 2 eine Ausführungsform der Antenne mit einem Paar von Halbwellendipolen.
The invention is explained using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a basic embodiment of the antenna with n pairs of half-wave dipoles and
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the antenna with a pair of half-wave dipoles.

Die Antenne gemäß Fig. 1 besteht aus n auf einer Achse 0-0 angeordneten Paaren 1₁, 1₂, ..., 1n Halbwellendipolen 2₁-3₁, 2₂-3₂, ..., 2n-3n. Die Halbwellendipole 2₁-3₁, 2₂-3₂, ..., 2n-3n sind an ihren einander zugewandten Enden an jeweils einen induktiv phasendrehenden Strom­kreis 4₁, 4₂, ... bzw. 4n mit einer Phasenverschiebung von 60 bis 120° el. miteinander verbunden. Die Verbindung 5 zwischen den einzelnen Paaren 1₁, 1₂, ..., 1n hat kapazitiven Charakter mit einer Phasenverschiebung von 60 bis 120° el. Auf der Seite der End-Halbwellendipole 2₁, 3n ist auf derselben Achse 0-0 je ein Viertelwellen­dipol 6, 7 angeordnet, deren Verbindung 8 mit den Halb­wellendipolen kapazitiven Charakter mit einer Phasenver­schiebung von 60 bis 120° el. aufweist. Das freie Ende des ersten Halbwellendipols 2₁ ist die aktive Herausführung der Antenne, die mit dem Innenleiter einer Koaxialleitung verbunden ist. Die passive Herausführung der Antenne ist das benachbarte Ende des Viertelwellendipols 6, das mit dem geerdeten Außenlieter der Koaxialleitung verbunden ist. Die Herausführungen der Antenne können ebenso vom freien Ende des letzten Halbwellendipols 3n und dem be­nachbarten Ende des Viertelwellendipols 7 abgeleitet wer­den.1 consists of n arranged on an axis 0-0 pairs 1₁, 1₂, ..., 1 n half-wave dipoles 2₁-3₁, 2₂-3₂, ..., 2 n -3 n . The half-wave dipoles 2₁-3₁, 2₂-3₂, ..., 2 n -3 n are at their mutually facing ends to an inductively phase-rotating circuit 4₁, 4₂, ... or 4 n with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el. interconnected. The connection 5 between the individual pairs 1₁, 1₂, ..., 1 n has a capacitive character with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el. On the side of the end half-wave dipoles 2₁, 3 n is a quarter-wave dipole 6 on the same axis 0-0 , 7 arranged, the connection 8 with the half-wave dipoles has a capacitive character with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el. The free end of the first half-wave dipole 2₁ is the active lead-out of the antenna, which is connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial line. The passive lead-out of the antenna is the adjacent end of the quarter-wave dipole 6, which is connected to the grounded external conductor of the coaxial line. The leads of the antenna can also be derived from the free end of the last half-wave dipole 3 n and the adjacent end of the quarter-wave dipole 7.

Die Antenne gemäß Fig. 2 enthält ein Paar 1 von Halbwellen­dipolen 2, 3, die miteinander über einen induktiv phasen­drehenden, als Spule ausgeführten Stromkreis 4 mit einer Phasenverschiebung von 60 bis 120° el. verbunden sind. Auf den Seiten der beiden Enden des Paares 1 ist auf der Achse 0-0 je ein Viertelwellendipol 6 bzw. 7 angeordnet, der an das Paar 1 über eine kapazitive Verbindung 8 mit einer Phasenverschiebung von 60 bis 120° el. angeschlossen ist, die aus dem Luftspalt zwischen den Viertelwellendi­polen 6, 7 und ihren benachbarten Halbwellendipolen 2, 3 besteht. Die aktive Herausführung der Antenne ist vom freien Ende des Halbwellendipols 2 abgeleitet und die passive Herausführung vom benachbarten Ende des Viertel­wellendipols 6. Die aktive Herausführung kann ebenso vom freien Ende des Halbwellendipols 3 und die passive Heraus­führung vom benachbarten Ende des Viertelwellendipols 7 herausgeführt werden.The antenna according to FIG. 2 contains a pair 1 of half-wave dipoles 2, 3 which are connected to one another via an inductively phase-rotating circuit 4 designed as a coil with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el. On the sides of the two ends of the pair 1, a quarter-wave dipole 6 or 7 is arranged on the axis 0-0, which is connected to the pair 1 via a capacitive connection 8 with a phase shift of 60 to 120 ° el the air gap between the quarter-wave dipoles 6, 7 and their adjacent half-wave dipoles 2, 3. The active lead-out of the antenna is derived from the free end of the half-wave dipole 2 and the passive lead-out from the adjacent end of the quarter-wave dipole 6. The active lead-out can also be led out from the free end of the half-wave dipole 3 and the passive lead-out from the adjacent end of the quarter-wave dipole 7.

Durch unterschiedliche Varianten der Antenne können Antennen­systeme mit mehreren Elementen mit einer geeigneten Ampli­tuden-Phasen-Speisung und Koordinierung zwischen den Ele­menten des Systems gebildet werden.By means of different variants of the antenna, antenna systems with several elements can be formed with a suitable amplitude-phase supply and coordination between the elements of the system.

Die Antenne arbeitet im Empfangs- oder im Sendebetrieb. Sie stellt eine kolineare Reihe von Halbwellendipolen 2, 3 mit abwechselnd kapazitiver und induktiver Phasenverschie­bung dar, und zwar um je 60 bis 120° el. Die Viertelwellen­dipole 6, 7 haben die Funktion eines koordinierenden Ele­ments.The antenna works in receive or transmit mode. It represents a colinear series of half-wave dipoles 2, 3 with alternating capacitive and inductive phase shifts, each by 60 to 120 ° el. The quarter-wave dipoles 6, 7 have the function of a coordinating element.

Mit der in Fig. 2 dargetellten Antenne, welche mit einem Paar 1 von Halbwellendipolen 2, 3 ausgeführt ist, wird bei einer Phasenverschiebung mit induktivem und kapaziti­vem Charakter von 90° el. im Meterwellenbereich für Fre­quenzen von 160 MHz bis 200 MHz ein Verstärkungsfaktor von 5,7 αB für eine Frequenz von 168 MHz in bezug auf den Halbwellendipol 1 erreicht. Im Dezimeterbereich wird für Frequenzen von 450 MHz bis 540 MHz ein Verstärkungsfaktor 4,4 αB für eine Frequenz von 525 MHz in bezug auf den Halbwellendipol erreicht.With the antenna shown in FIG. 2, which is designed with a pair 1 of half-wave dipoles 2, 3, an amplification factor of 5 is used for a phase shift with an inductive and capacitive character of 90 ° el. In the meter wave range for frequencies from 160 MHz to 200 MHz , 7 αB for a frequency of 168 MHz with respect to the half-wave dipole 1 reached. In the decimeter range, a gain factor of 4.4 αB for a frequency of 525 MHz with respect to the half-wave dipole is achieved for frequencies from 450 MHz to 540 MHz.

Die erwarteten Verstärkungsfaktoren bei den unterschied­lichen Ausführungen der erfindungssgemäßen Antenne sind in der Tabelle im Vergleich mit denen der bekannten Antenne am Ende der Beschreibung angegeben.The expected gain factors for the different designs of the antenna according to the invention are given in the table in comparison with those of the known antenna at the end of the description.

Die Analyse der Daten zeigt, daß die Nahwerte der Verstär­kungsfaktoren und ihre entsprechenden wirksamen Oberflächen durch eine erfindungsgemäße Antenne mit einer etwa halb so großen elektrischen Länge erreicht werden.Analysis of the data shows that the near values of the amplification factors and their corresponding effective surfaces are achieved by an antenna according to the invention with an electrical length that is approximately half as long.

Die Antenne weist eine asymmetrische Herausführung auf, was eine direkte Verbindung mit einer asymmetrischen Lei­ tung, z. B. einer Koaxialleitung, ermöglicht. Die Ver­bindung der asymmetrischen Leitung kann auch über ein Koordinationsglied erfolgen.The antenna has an asymmetrical lead-out, which is a direct connection with an asymmetrical Lei tung, z. B. a coaxial line. The asymmetrical line can also be connected via a coordination link.

Die Antenne kann über ein Symmetrier- und Koordinations­glied auch an eine symmetrische Leitung angeschlossen werden.

Figure imgb0001
The antenna can also be connected to a symmetrical line via a balancing and coordination element.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (3)

1. Antenne mit n Paaren (1₁, 1₂, ...1n) von auf einer Achse (0-0) angeordneten Halbwellendipolen (2₁, 3n), die über je einen induktiv phasendrehenden Stromkreis (4₁, 4₂, ...4n) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die aktive Herausführung der Antenne vom freien Ende eines End-Halbwellendipols (2₁) herausgeführt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Seite der End-­Halbwellendipole (2₁, 3n) auf derselben Achse (0-0) je ein Viertelwellendipol (6, 7) angeordnet ist, daß die passive Herausführung der Antenne vom Ende des Viertel­wellendipols (6 bzw. 7) herausgeführt ist und die Verbin­dung zwischen den Paaren (1₁, 1₂, ...1n) von Halbwellen­dipolen und zwischen den End-Halbwellendipolen (2₁, 3n) und ihren entsprechenden Viertelwellendipolen (6, 7) kapa­zitiv ist, und daß die induktive und die kapazitive Phasen­verschiebung je 60 bis 120° el. beträgt.1. Antenna with n pairs (1₁, 1₂, ... 1 n ) of half-wave dipoles (2₁, 3 n ) arranged on an axis (0-0), each of which has an inductively phase-rotating circuit (4₁, 4₂, ... 4 n ) are connected to one another, the active lead-out of the antenna being led out from the free end of an end half-wave dipole (2₁), characterized in that on the side of the end half-wave dipoles (2₁, 3 n ) on the same axis (0-0 ) a quarter-wave dipole (6, 7) is arranged so that the passive lead-out of the antenna is led out from the end of the quarter-wave dipole (6 or 7) and the connection between the pairs (1₁, 1₂, ... 1 n ) of half-wave dipoles and between the end half-wave dipoles (2₁, 3 n ) and their corresponding quarter-wave dipoles (6, 7) is capacitive, and that the inductive and the capacitive phase shift are each 60 to 120 ° el. 2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Phasenverschiebung der induktiv phasen­drehenden Stromkreise (4₁, 4₂, ..., 4n) 90° el. beträgt.2. An antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase shift of the inductive phase-shifting circuits (4₁, 4₂, ..., 4 n) 90 ° el is.. 3. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Phasenverschiebung der kapazitiven Verbin­dungen (5, 8) 90° el. beträgt.3. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase shift of the capacitive connections (5, 8) is 90 ° el.
EP88100257A 1987-03-12 1988-01-11 Linear array of half wave dipoles with quarter wave dipoles at the ends Withdrawn EP0285743A3 (en)

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BG8778857A BG45028A1 (en) 1987-03-12 1987-03-12
BG78857/87 1987-03-12

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ITMI20120011A1 (en) * 2012-01-05 2013-07-06 Opticos Srl ANTENNA DIPOLO FOR PROTECTIVE HELMET
EP2613406A1 (en) * 2012-01-05 2013-07-10 Nolangroup S.p.A. Dipole antenna for safety helmets
US9070978B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2015-06-30 Nolangroup S.P.A. Dipole antenna for safety helmets
RU2498466C1 (en) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество Научно-производственный комплекс "Русская радиоэлектроника" Collinear antenna

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HUT46825A (en) 1988-11-28
AU598916B2 (en) 1990-07-05
PL271135A1 (en) 1988-12-08
CS26288A3 (en) 1992-01-15
DK690887D0 (en) 1987-12-29
FI875668A (en) 1988-09-13
DK690887A (en) 1988-09-13
AU1280488A (en) 1988-09-15
EP0285743A3 (en) 1990-03-28
BR8801085A (en) 1988-10-18
NO880036D0 (en) 1988-01-06
US4872021A (en) 1989-10-03
NO880036L (en) 1988-09-13
FI875668A0 (en) 1987-12-22
CN1016300B (en) 1992-04-15
CN88100814A (en) 1988-09-21
JPS63260203A (en) 1988-10-27
MA21206A1 (en) 1988-10-01
BG45028A1 (en) 1989-03-15
YU788A (en) 1990-12-31

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