EP0282194A1 - Connecteur pour câble électrique - Google Patents

Connecteur pour câble électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0282194A1
EP0282194A1 EP88301490A EP88301490A EP0282194A1 EP 0282194 A1 EP0282194 A1 EP 0282194A1 EP 88301490 A EP88301490 A EP 88301490A EP 88301490 A EP88301490 A EP 88301490A EP 0282194 A1 EP0282194 A1 EP 0282194A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
connector
signal
cable
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88301490A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0282194B1 (fr
Inventor
Vincent Nicholas
Paul Peter Siwinski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TE Connectivity Corp
Original Assignee
AMP Inc
Whitaker LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/023,760 external-priority patent/US4747787A/en
Priority claimed from US07/040,510 external-priority patent/US4757845A/en
Priority claimed from US07/136,785 external-priority patent/US4824384A/en
Application filed by AMP Inc, Whitaker LLC filed Critical AMP Inc
Publication of EP0282194A1 publication Critical patent/EP0282194A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0282194B1 publication Critical patent/EP0282194B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/28—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for wire processing before connecting to contact members, not provided for in groups H01R43/02 - H01R43/26
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/77—Coupling devices for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
    • H01R12/771—Details
    • H01R12/775—Ground or shield arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/77—Coupling devices for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
    • H01R12/79—Coupling devices for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures connecting to rigid printed circuits or like structures

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a connector for a multiconductor cable and, more particularly, to a connector for coupling electrically conductive wires of a multiconductor flat transmission cable to traces of a printed circuit board and to a method of using such connector.
  • the present invention is defined by the appended claims with the specific preferred embodiment shown in the attached drawings.
  • the invention may be incorporated into a connector adapter to couple stripped electrically conductive wires of a flat multiconductor transmission cable with the traces of a printed circuit board through a mating connector upstanding from the printed circuit board.
  • the connector comprises a housing formed with a longitudinal central slot, the slot being adapted to receive an elongated electrically conductive ground bus, the upper end of which is adapted to receive stripped ground wires of the flat cable and the lower end of which is adapted to be received within the mating connector.
  • the ground bus is shiftable from a first to a second position within the slot.
  • the housing has a longitudinal central plane extending through the slot and the bus.
  • a plurality of parallel apertures are formed in the housing on opposite sides of the central slot.
  • the apertures are adapted to receive signal contacts, the upper ends of which are adapted to receive stripped signal wires of the flat cable and the lower ends of which are adapted to be received within the mating connector.
  • the housing also has downwardly extending legs defining an opening for receiving the mating connector.
  • the connector also comprises front and rear cover halves couplable between the housing and the printed circuit board and adapted to receive and support therebetween the flat multiconductor transmission cable above its stripped wires.
  • the invention may further be incorporated into a combination for coupling wires of a flat cable with an electrical connector.
  • the combination comprises signal contacts within the connector. Each signal contact has a downwardly extending U-shaped slot, the bights of the slots having semicircular cross-sectional configurations about parallel horizontal axes with a common first diameter.
  • the combination also comprises signal wires extending parallel with each other in the plane of a flat cable.
  • the signal wires have circular cross-sectional configurations with a common second diameter less than the first diameter.
  • the signal wires have stripped free ends with a bend in each signal wire adjacent to its free end of less than 90 degrees from an original vertical orientation whereby the bent portion of each signal wire may contact the bight of one of the signal contacts adjacent to its end remote from the plane of the flat cable.
  • the combination also comprises material coupling each signal wire and its associated signal contact.
  • the invention may be incorporated in a connector releasably couplable with mating connector means.
  • the connector includes a housing fabricated of an electrically insulating material with an opening formed to receive, support, and provide strain relief to the stripped free end of a flat, multi-wire, signal transmission cable.
  • the connector also includes a plurality of spaced, parallel, electrically conductive signal contacts supported by the housing in a first plane and having their first ends within the housing and adapted to receive some wires of the received cable for signal transmission purposes, the signal contacts having second ends releasably couplable with the mating connector means.
  • the connector also includes a blade-like ground bus supported by the housing having a first end within the housing and adapted to receive others of the wires of the received cable for grounding purposes.
  • the ground bus has a second and releasably couplable with the mating connector means, the ground bus being in a second plane parallel with, but offset from, the first plane at a predetermined distance for controlling the impedance characteristics of the transmitted signals through the connector from the first ends of the ground bus and signal contacts to the second ends of the signal contacts and ground bus.
  • the signal contacts are located in two parallel first planes on opposite sides of the ground bus and the second plane with the first planes being equally spaced from the second plane.
  • the ground bus is adapted to receive every other wire of the cable for grounding purposes and the wires of the cable not received by the ground bus are adapted to be received by signal contacts.
  • the second ends of the ground bus and signal contacts extend beyond the housing for insertion into the mating connector means.
  • the connector further includes solder means to couple signal contacts to signal transmitting wires.
  • the coupling is effected by soldering material deposited into the signal contacts by a technique selected from the class of depositing techniques including plating, printing, silkscreening, dipping and inlaying.
  • the soldering material is preferably deposited by plating the bight of the slot.
  • the soldering material is preferably caused to liquify through reflow soldering.
  • the soldering material is liquified by a technique selected from the class of liquifying techniques including radio frequency, resistance, laser or vapor phase.
  • the soldering material is preferably liquified by radio frequency.
  • the ground bus is formed as a U-shaped metallic member with upwardly facing flanged ends.
  • the invention may be incorporated in a method of coupling an electrically conductive wire with a signal contact of a connector.
  • the method includes the step of supporting a signal contact within a connector, the signal contact having a downwardly extending U-shaped slot, the bight of the slot having semicircular cross-sectional configuration with a first diameter.
  • the method includes the further step of providing a signal wire, the signal wire having a circular cross-sectional configuration with a second diameter not greater than the first diameter, the signal wire having a stripped free end.
  • the method includes the step of bending the signal wire adjacent to its free end less than 90 degrees from an original orientation.
  • the method includes the steps of supporting, within the connector, the wire with the bent portion contacting the bight of the signal contact adjacent to one end and adhering the signal wire to the signal contact.
  • an electrical connector 10 embodying the principles of the present invention with parts removed to show certain internal constructions.
  • the connector is shown in combination with the flat multiconductor signal transmission cable 12 and a mating connector 14 secured to a printed circuit board 16.
  • the flat cable is formed as a flat member fabricated of electrically insulative material having a plurality of fine, closely spaced electrical conductive wires 20, 22 and 24 embedded therein.
  • the wires are positioned parallel, one with respect to the other, with the insulative material 26 separating the wires.
  • the ends of the wires within the connector are stripped for appropriate coupling with their associated contacts.
  • the connector 10 itself is formed of a plurality of connectable component elements formed of an electrically insulative plastic material.
  • the preferred material is Ultem 1000. Ultem 1000 is a trademark of the General Electric Company.
  • These connectable component elements include the housing 62 adapted to be supported upon the mating connector 14 as well as as front cover half 64 and rear cover half 66 adapted to be received within the housing for securing the flat cable with respect to the housing.
  • the connector 10 also includes front and back side latches 68 and 70 for securing the cover halves 64 and 66, and consequently the connector 10 to the printed circuit board 16.
  • the housing 62 is also configured and adapted to support electrically conductive signal contacts 60 and an electrically conductive ground bus 72 in proper position with respect to the flat cable 12 and its conductive wires and to provide electrical connections with the electrical conductive segments of the mating connector 14.
  • the terms front and rear, upper and lower, horizontal and vertical, and the like are used for descriptive purposes only. It should be readily appreciated that the connector of the present invention could be used in any vertical, horizontal, or angular orientation without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such descriptive language herein should, in no way, be construed as limiting the invention in any manner.
  • the connector 10 when the flat cable is received by the connector 10, the majority of its extent lies in a plane which is the longitudinal central plane of the connector 10, mating connector 14 and ground bus 72.
  • the terms interior and exterior and the like are intended to be construed with respect to this longitudinal central plane.
  • the housing 62 is formed of a block-like member with front and rear faces 76 and 78, end faces 80 and 82, and a lower surface 44 and an upper internal surface 84 is fabricated into a unitary component member as by molding.
  • the housing includes inwardly projecting shelf-like blocks 88, the upper surfaces of which constitute the upper internal surface 84 of the housing. These blocks extend inwardly toward the longitudinal central plane of the connector and toward each other to form a central slot 90 of such size as to receive a ground contact or bus 72.
  • the bus is a blade-like electrically conductive member formed of an electrically conductive material, preferably metal.
  • ground bus 72 is formed in a tight U-shaped configuration with its free edges 92 extending upwardly and outwardly, flared to a limited degree, for assisting in locating and receiving ground wires 20 of the flat cable 12.
  • the lower portion of the ground bus 72 is adapted to be received downwardly into the central slot 90 of the housing and to mechanically and electrically receive selected conductive wires 20 of the flat cable, specifically, those wires of the cable intermediate the signal wires which function as electrical grounds.
  • the bus 72 is shiftable within slot 90 from the position shown in Figure 5 to the position shown in Figure 6.
  • ground contact wires 20 and signal contact wires 22 and 24 are thus adapted to be received respectively by the ground contact bus 72 and signal contact 60 for mechanically and electrically coupling the wires of the cable with the electrically conductive connectors of the mating connector and, hence, to the traces of the printed circuit board, all in a particular predetermined orientation.
  • Positioning shims 284 are separated by signal wire shims 286 and ground wire shims 288.
  • Each ground wire shim 288 has a ground wire notch (not shown), aligned with notches 298, and having a greater depth.
  • the upper edge 212 of signal wire shims 286 are lower than notches 298.
  • a plurality of bending fingers 260, 272 are aligned with the channels formed between tall positioning shims 284 and above signal wire shims 286. No bending fingers are aligned with ground wire shims 288. Bending fingers 260, 272 are staggered and are shiftable towards and away from each other.
  • the front and rear faces 76 and 78 of the housing are formed with downwardly projecting legs 104.
  • downwardly projecting legs 106 are formed in proximity to the ends of the housing. These downwardly projecting legs extend generally peripherally around the housing and are arranged to be slid over the front and rear faces 28 and 30 and ends 32 and 34 of the mating connector 14.
  • the front and back cover halves are essentially symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal central plane of the connector except for a strain relief recess 118 and a mating strain relief projection 120 adjacent to their upper interior surfaces for receiving and holding the cable 12 to preclude its movement from the connector during operation and use as might occur through inadvertent pulling.
  • Beneath the strain relief elements of the cover halves are additional recesses 122 for accommodating the upper extents of the signal contact 60 and bus 72 and the lower stripped ends of the wires of the flat cable.
  • the end of the flat tranmission cable supported by the connector 10 is stripped to such an extent that its non-stripped portion will be contacted by the strain relief elements of the cover halves for providing the desired restraint from movement.
  • the area of the flat cable beneath the strain relief elements will be stripped to such an extent that the stripped ends are located within the additional recesses 122 of the cover halves.
  • the lower ends of the exterior legs are formed with projections 124 extending exteriorly away from the longitudinal central plane of the housing.
  • the projections include essentially horizontal, upwardly facing, ledges 126 which are employed for fixedly positioning the housing with respect to the printed circuit board during operation and use.
  • Between the interior and exterior legs are the upwardly extending spaces 116 to allow for a limited degree of movement of the exterior legs which, due to their resiliency, accommodate the attachment and removal of the connector from the printed circuit board.
  • the last component elements of the connector are two similarly configured side latches 68 and 70.
  • the side latches have lower surfaces 130 supported upon the upper surface of the printed circuit board 16.
  • Formed on the lower surface of each side latch is a downwardly projecting attachment button 132 to be received by apertures 134 in the printed circuit board to which the connector is to be secured.
  • each button 132 is provided with an enlarged area with an upwardly facing abutment surface and an axial cutout 136 whereby the lower end of the buttons may be contracted, forced through holes in the printed circuit board, and released to provide a secure mechanical attachment to the printed circuit board for the side latches and hence for the connector and flat cable. Contraction of a button 132 at its cutout 136 will allow removal of its side latch from the printed circuit board.
  • legs 138 Upwardly extending from the base portions of the side latches are legs 138 formed with projections 140 extending inwardly toward the longitudinal centerline of the housing.
  • the projections include downwardly facing, essentially horizontal ledges 142 which are employed to receive and hold the upwardly facing ledges 126 of the cover halves. the positioning of the cover halves and housing over the mating connector will allow the cover halves to be secured with respect to the side latches for holding the connector in place with respect to the mating connector and printed circuit board.
  • the coupling of the front and rear cover halves 64 and 66 with respect to the connector housing 62 is effected by simply holding the cover halves parallel with each other adjacent to the flat cable after the stripped cable ends have been coupled to the signal contacts 60 and the ground bus 72. While maintaining this parallel relationship, the halves are moved either simultaneously or sequentially toward the flat cable 12. The halves with their end projections 148 will readily snap into the end recesses 150 for proper operational positioning of the cover halves with respect to the housing 62. Removal of the cover halves involves urging the upper portions of the housing outwardly away from each other in the plane of the longitudinal central plane. This action allows the end projections 148 to clear the end recesses 150 as the halves are pulled away from the flat cable and housing 62 by a motion reserved with respect to the motion which effected their coupling.
  • every other connector wire 20 of the flat cube 12 is a ground for being received by the ground bus 72.
  • Every intermediate connector wire 22 and 24 of the cable is adapted to carry a signal from the cable to the printed circuit board.
  • every signal wire of the cable must be bent outwardly toward an appropriate signal contact 60 on one side or the other of the longitudinal central plane.
  • appropriate wires of the flat cable may be coupled with appropriate traces of the printed circuit board for accommodating and effecting the intended electronic function of the connector.
  • the housing with its signal contact connector wires of the cable in proper position, may then be heated as through radio frequency energy to liquify the solder material between the signal contacts and signal wires to make secure solder connections therebetween.
  • the signal connector wires of the cable are bent from the vertical orientation slightly less than a full 90 degrees. By bending them at about 70 degrees, their exterior portions remote from the bends will contact an exterior portion of the signal contacts, the edges of the signal contacts remote from the longitudinal central plane. When urged downwardly during coupling, the ends of the signal wires will be forced slightly upwardly by the signal contacts to beyond the desired 70 degrees for insuring complete contact between all of the signal wires and their signal contacts. The deflection upwardly may be between about an additional 5 and 20 degrees, but still preferably below the horizontal or 90 degree orientation. This deflection of the wire insures a secure physical contact between each signal wire and its associated signal contact prior to soldering.
  • the diameter of the U-shaped slot 102 of the signal contacts 60 is equal to or preferably slightly greater than the diameter of the conductive signal wires 22 and 24 of the flat cable 12.
  • the soldering may thus effect an encapsulation of at least about 270 degrees of the wires, for forming a mechanical bond as well as an electrical coupling.
  • the solder material will often totally encapsulate the entire cross-section of the signal wires along their entire lengths. Contrary to previous thoughts, a mechanical wedging action between the wire and slot to be soldered has been found to be unnecessary, and hence the diameter of the wire 22 or 24 is preferably not greater than the width of the slot or the diameter of its bight.
  • the solder material may be applied to the appropriate portion or portions of the signal contacts by any one of a plurality of techniques including plating, printing, silkscreening, dipping or inlaying.
  • the solder material is plated onto the upper end of the signal contact to at least cover the U-shaped bight.
  • the soldering may be enhanced by a commercial flux material provided onto the stripped wire ends.
  • the solder may be caused to reflow by any one of a plurality of methods of heating, including radio frequency, resistance, laser or vapor phase. Radio frequency is the preferred embodiment.
  • the coupling of the stripped wire ends to the signal contacts is effected by adhesion between the soldering material intermediate the wires and the signal contacts, the reflowing of the soldering material therebetween effecting the coupling. It should be further understood that the desired coupling may be effected by a wide range of adhesive coupling techniques.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
EP88301490A 1987-03-09 1988-02-22 Connecteur pour câble électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0282194B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23760 1987-03-09
US07/023,760 US4747787A (en) 1987-03-09 1987-03-09 Ribbon cable connector
US07/040,510 US4757845A (en) 1987-04-20 1987-04-20 Method and apparatus for bending wires
US136785 1987-12-22
US07/136,785 US4824384A (en) 1987-03-09 1987-12-22 Electrical cable connector and method of use
US40510 1993-03-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0282194A1 true EP0282194A1 (fr) 1988-09-14
EP0282194B1 EP0282194B1 (fr) 1993-08-04

Family

ID=27362169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88301490A Expired - Lifetime EP0282194B1 (fr) 1987-03-09 1988-02-22 Connecteur pour câble électrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0282194B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2593330B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3882751T2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5114362A (en) * 1991-02-25 1992-05-19 Amp Incorporated High density electrical connector and method of making a high density electrical connector
EP0603757A2 (fr) * 1992-12-25 1994-06-29 Molex Incorporated Connecteur électrique pour la connexion d'une plaque de circuit imprimé flexible
EP0741919A4 (fr) * 1993-07-16 1996-09-19 Berg Electronics Mfg Connecteur pour fils electriques
US5651695A (en) * 1993-07-16 1997-07-29 Berg Technology, Inc. Connector for electric wires
US7306479B1 (en) * 2006-07-05 2007-12-11 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Cable connector assembly with strain relief member
US8702316B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2014-04-22 Apple Inc. Magnetic connector with optical signal path
US9791634B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2017-10-17 Apple Inc. Magnetic connector with optical signal path

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6328689B2 (ja) * 2016-05-11 2018-05-23 ヒロセ電機株式会社 係止手段を備えたコネクタ装置及びこれに用いるコネクタ

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4094564A (en) * 1977-03-17 1978-06-13 A P Products Incorporated Multiple conductor electrical connector with ground bus
US4181384A (en) * 1978-02-06 1980-01-01 Amp Incorporated Flat cable connector having wire deployment means
US4367909A (en) * 1979-04-11 1983-01-11 Amp Incorporated Ribbon cable connector
US4616893A (en) * 1984-04-25 1986-10-14 Amp Incorporated Surface mount, miniature, bussing connector

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56167284A (en) * 1980-05-28 1981-12-22 Japan Aviation Electron Connector connected to flat cable and connecting structure
JPS5929946B2 (ja) * 1980-06-06 1984-07-24 日本航空電子工業株式会社 フラットケ−ブル用コネクタ

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4094564A (en) * 1977-03-17 1978-06-13 A P Products Incorporated Multiple conductor electrical connector with ground bus
US4181384A (en) * 1978-02-06 1980-01-01 Amp Incorporated Flat cable connector having wire deployment means
US4367909A (en) * 1979-04-11 1983-01-11 Amp Incorporated Ribbon cable connector
US4616893A (en) * 1984-04-25 1986-10-14 Amp Incorporated Surface mount, miniature, bussing connector

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5114362A (en) * 1991-02-25 1992-05-19 Amp Incorporated High density electrical connector and method of making a high density electrical connector
EP0603757A2 (fr) * 1992-12-25 1994-06-29 Molex Incorporated Connecteur électrique pour la connexion d'une plaque de circuit imprimé flexible
EP0603757A3 (en) * 1992-12-25 1995-09-06 Molex Inc Electrical connector for connecting flexible printed circuit board.
EP0741919A4 (fr) * 1993-07-16 1996-09-19 Berg Electronics Mfg Connecteur pour fils electriques
EP0741919A1 (fr) * 1993-07-16 1996-11-13 Berg Electronics Manufacturing B.V. Connecteur pour fils electriques
US5651695A (en) * 1993-07-16 1997-07-29 Berg Technology, Inc. Connector for electric wires
US7306479B1 (en) * 2006-07-05 2007-12-11 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Cable connector assembly with strain relief member
US8702316B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2014-04-22 Apple Inc. Magnetic connector with optical signal path
US8770857B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2014-07-08 Apple Inc. Magnetic connector with optical signal path
US9791634B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2017-10-17 Apple Inc. Magnetic connector with optical signal path

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0282194B1 (fr) 1993-08-04
DE3882751D1 (de) 1993-09-09
JP2593330B2 (ja) 1997-03-26
DE3882751T2 (de) 1994-02-17
JPS63294674A (ja) 1988-12-01

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