EP0281722A1 - Système pour l'utilisation sous-marine des explosifs - Google Patents

Système pour l'utilisation sous-marine des explosifs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281722A1
EP0281722A1 EP87850074A EP87850074A EP0281722A1 EP 0281722 A1 EP0281722 A1 EP 0281722A1 EP 87850074 A EP87850074 A EP 87850074A EP 87850074 A EP87850074 A EP 87850074A EP 0281722 A1 EP0281722 A1 EP 0281722A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
charge
charges
cables
blasting system
blasting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87850074A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sven-Erik Bratt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nobel Kemi AB
Original Assignee
Nobel Kemi AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nobel Kemi AB filed Critical Nobel Kemi AB
Priority to EP87850074A priority Critical patent/EP0281722A1/fr
Publication of EP0281722A1 publication Critical patent/EP0281722A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a complete blasting system which may be initiated electrically and is intended for underwater use, the system comprising a plurality of charges fitted with separate electric detonators, the charges having been connected to a central firing unit by the intermediary of electrically conductive cables.
  • the charges are distributed among different charge units which each one comprises a number of charges with their associated connection cables for initiation of the charges.
  • each charge unit may be provided with a charge jig which carries the connection cables, and possibly also the charges, ready for laying-out.
  • the blasting system according to the present invention was originally conceived for use in trench blasting for laying pipelines for natural gas or oil on the seabed. To this end, dislodgement of the bed sediment to a limited depth beneath the seabed surface but over large clearly-defined seabed areas was required. It follows, therefore, that the blasting system according to the present invention is also eminently suitable for mining on the seabed and for any other underwater blasting where it is necessary to employ simultaneously a large number of charges distributed throughout a predetermined area. In its turn, this signifies that the blasting system may also have military uses, for example as fixed, rapidly deployed mining devices in harbours, narrow straits, fjords etc. and for activating anti-submarine nets.
  • system according to the present invention can also be used on land in extremely damp environments, for example in mining operations in swamps and wetlands.
  • variations of the cable systems included in the present invention and the charge jigs utilized to facilitate laying-out or the cable systems may be empoyed in conjunction with the laying-out of hydrophones - and/or ultrasonic detectors, asdic systems and finally magnetic loops for submarine detection.
  • Explosives and detonators for underwater use must, first, satisfy extremely stringent safety and reliability requirements, and, secondly, be so simple to handle as not unnecessarily to complicate the already arduous job of drivers who, it must be said, operate today under conditions which border on the superhuman.
  • underwater charges of the type contemplated herein must allow for being armed and connected by specially-designed remote control underwater robots. For instance, such robots will be necessary for future blasting work at such depths as cannot even be attained today using diving bells. For example, such blasting work may conceivably become a reality when the less accessible areas of the North Sea oil field are to be tapped.
  • the blasting system according to the present invention is intended to satisfy all of the safety, functional and handling requirements which may reasonably be asked of such a system.
  • the present invention may be considered as consisting of a blasting system which is initiated electrically and is intended for underwater use, the system comprising a plurality of charges fitted with separate electric detonators, these electric detonators being connected, by the intermediary of electrically conductive cables, to a central firing unit disposed above the waterline and consisting of an interface unit with combined control and firing functions, the communication between this interface unit and the electric detonators of the charges passing via an electromagnetically shielded and protectively earthed sea cable which is terminated by means of interconnectable junction boxes disposed below the waterline and to which a predetermined number of charge units may be connected each by means of their own connection cables.
  • Each such charge unit comprises a number of charges which, by their own connection or ignition cables, have been interconnected to form a unit by the intermediary of special coupling devices which, in their turn, may thus be interconnected to the junction boxes by the intermediary of special connection cables.
  • All cables employed in the system according to the present invention which are of such length as so requires are shielded against electromagnetic disturbance currents and are earthed. This also applies to the interface unit.
  • the present invention further includes jigs for grouping all cables included en each respective charge unit so that these cable systems may be kept in readiness for laying-out at the contemplated site of use with the least possible labour input.
  • the jigs may also be employed for grouping the cable systems, if the blasting system is to be relocated before being initiated.
  • the jigs are also provided with short-circuit devices for an internal short-circuiting of all included components up to the point of final arming connection.
  • the jigs may also be designed to carry the entire charges, the booster charges alone, or separate connection devices for each charge.
  • the blasting system according to the present invention may, in the assembled state, form two slightly differing fundamental patterns whose constructions in principle are illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively. Both of these fundamental patterns are realized by different interconnection of the same basic components. These consist, first, of an interface unit 1 disposed above the waterline aboard a diving vessel F or the like for control and firing of the charges. The technical make-up of the interface unit is based on prior art technology and will not, therefore, be discussed in detail in this context.
  • the interface unit 1 per se includes a control unit, a computer unit and a triggering unit, in which the control unit ensures that no triggering signal can be emitted before resistance and insulation in the complete circuit and its components both individually and as a unit have been inspected and thoroughly approved, while the computer unit caters for all measurements (transmission of measurement pulses and control to ensure return of such pulses and registration of the values thereof as measured), data gathering and setting of the time-lag between the different charges, and finally the triggering unit comprises a charging generator of per se known type with associated capacitors and requisite indicator devices and triggering means.
  • the control and initiation pulses generated in the interface unit are transmitted further from the interface unit to the explosive charges by the intermediary of a sea cable 2 which is payed out from a cable drum or other cable magazine 3.
  • the sea cable terminates at a junction box 4 intended to be coupled by divers or a robot below the waterline but at a sufficient distance from the blasting site so as to avoid damage when blasting commences.
  • the present invention also embodies the inventive concept that the different exposive charges are gathered to form charge units 5 each one containing a certain number of sub-charges 19.
  • Each such charge unit designated by us OCTOPUS® can be connected up beforehand to all of its different subcharges 19 connected to a transport frame or jig 6 in the manner which is apparent from Figs 6 and 7, whereby they will be available for immediate laying-out.
  • connection of the connection device 15 to the junction box 4 is the last connection which is effected once all charges have been mounted in place in pre-drilled holes h.
  • each such unit or OCTOPUS® must be provided with its own supply link from the interface unit via the sea cable 2.
  • this latter contains the same number of separate paired discrete insulated supply leads as the number of charge units it is intended to serve.
  • our sea cables are intended for ten charge units in which each charge unit in turn contains a plurality of different charges (for example between 10 and 14 in number).
  • each respective supply lead of the sea cable is provided with its own protective earth supplemented with a screening shield against electromagnetic disturbance.
  • the shield connected to the earth consists of an aluminium strip.
  • Each supply unit may, moreover, be short-circuited using specially designed short-circuiting devices.
  • junction boxes 4 which, thus, constitute the intermediate stage betwen the reusable or stationary section of the blasting system and the consumption section, may be of a large number of designs.
  • Figs. 3-5 illustrate three different alternative embodiments, all intended for connection of ten different charge units of the OCTOPUS® type.
  • the type I junction box illustrated in Fig. 3 is intended for the connection of five different OCTOPUS®, each in two different clusters 7 and 8, respectively, arranged in suitable spaced-apart relationships.
  • junction box 9 illustrated in Fig. 4 has ten separate cable connections in the form of spray cables, while the junction box 10 of Fig. 5 has ten inputs 11 disposed on a connection plate.
  • Fig. 2 may also be seen as an example of this type.
  • each of the junction boxes is provided with its own connection cable 12 which terminates at a contactor device 13 for connection to a corresponding contactor device 14 on the sea cable. This provision is to enable the ready replacement of damaged junction boxes.
  • Each charge unit or OCTOPUS® 5 includes a terminal contact 15 for connection to the junction box 4, one main supply cable 16 of sufficient length to ensure that the junction box be placed a sufficient distance away from the blasting site as not normally to be damaged, and a coupling unit 17 whence supply cables 18 depart to the different subcharges 19.
  • the subcharge 19 proper here consists of a tubular charge (blasting rod) provided with an electric detonator and booster, and possibly a time-lag buffer between the electric detonator and the booster.
  • These tubular charges 19 may be jointed for varying drill hole depths. They are intended to be placed each in their predrilled hole h by divers or a loading robot.
  • subcharges may be triggered in a mutual time-lag sequence either using pyrotechnical buffers disposed between the electric detonator and booster, or be fired electronically from the interface unit which, it will be remembered, is in separate communication with each charge unit.
  • a combination of electronic and pyrotechnical time lag may prove to be practical, i.e. the interface unit delays detonation between charge units and the pyrotechnical buffers delay detonation between the subcharges within each individual charge unit.
  • the jig (cassette or transport frame) 6 which is germane to the inventive concept of the system according to the present invention.
  • This is in the form of a trapezoidal "horse" or roof ridge configurated frame preferably of steel with two side sections 22, 23 at an angle to one another and preferably also a planar upper frame section 24.
  • Both the side sections 22, 23 and the upper frame section 24 are advantageously designed as open ribbed constructions in which the side sections are designed such that the blasting charge or subcharges 19 - which, it will be recalled, consist of tubular charges - may be anchored in place along each side section.
  • the coupling device 17 is anchored in or beneath the upper section of the jig, preferably immediately beneath that level which forms the uppermost section of the jig - hence in most cases beneath the upper frame section 24.
  • the cables 18 communicating between the connecting device 17 and each respective subcharge 19 by the intermediary of the contactor devices 20 coupled above the waterline aboard the diver vessel F or the like are suspended beneath the jig 6, while the main supply cable 16 is disposed to be readily accessible on the upper face of the jig where there is also provided a blind terminal 25 for earthing and short-circuit­ing of the current and earth leads of the cable.
  • the hook-up between the connection contactor 15 and the junction box 4 (7-10) is the ultimate operational phase which is carried out after all charges have been placed in their drill holes h.
  • connection contact 15 must be short-circuited and earthed in the jig 6 by the intermediary of the blind terminal 25.
  • the jig, the coupling device, the cables, the contactor devices, the electrical detonators and the tubular charges have been interconnected and made ready aboard the diver support vessel F.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate but three charge units each, but it will be readily apparent to the skilled reader of this specification that this number may be considerably greater, for instance ten units, at the same time as each charge unit shown on the Drawings may comprise ten tuubular charges, but, as shown on Fig. 7, these may be increased to 20 or more in number.
  • the jig 6 ⁇ illustrated in Figs. 8-10 for the cable system of the charge unit is of slightly different construction. It consists of a surfaced buoy 26 provided with a dead weight anchor 27 attached with cables 29 and a hauling hauser 28. When the dead weight anchor 27 has been lowered to the seabed, it holds the frustoconical buoy 26 at a predetermined distance above the seabed.
  • the ten connection cables 30 of the charge unit are disposed along the outer periphery of the buoy, with the main parts of the cables each helically wound up in their container 31 from which the cables may readily be paid out (see Fig. 10).
  • All of the cables 30 are connected to the junction box 17 ⁇ whence a main supply cable 16 ⁇ leads towards a connection contactor 15 ⁇ which is ready to be connected to a junction box 4.
  • An earth connection 25 ⁇ is provided for the connection device 15 ⁇ on the jig 6 ⁇ .
  • the connection cables 30 are terminated by contactor devices 20 ⁇ for connection to each respective charge.
  • the buoy 26 may possibly also be designed with accomodation for booster charges or initiation charges at the end of each connection cable 30.
  • the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 10 for winding up the connecting cables consists of a cylindrical container 31 divided into two mutually subsequent chambers 34 and 35 which are screened from one another by a partition 32 provided with a through hole 33 for the cable.
  • the containing is also secured to the cable in this opening.
  • Each one of the two chambers 34, 35 of the container 31 accomodates approximately half of the cable length which is helically wound and is ready for paying-out, in which instance the cable is quite simply drawn out from the container helice by helice.
  • the cable system illustrated in Figs. 8-10 may readily be unhooked by stages from the buoy 26 in conjunction with the laying-out procedure, the buoy being then suitably moved aside before blasting takes place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
EP87850074A 1987-03-10 1987-03-10 Système pour l'utilisation sous-marine des explosifs Withdrawn EP0281722A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87850074A EP0281722A1 (fr) 1987-03-10 1987-03-10 Système pour l'utilisation sous-marine des explosifs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87850074A EP0281722A1 (fr) 1987-03-10 1987-03-10 Système pour l'utilisation sous-marine des explosifs

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0281722A1 true EP0281722A1 (fr) 1988-09-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87850074A Withdrawn EP0281722A1 (fr) 1987-03-10 1987-03-10 Système pour l'utilisation sous-marine des explosifs

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP0281722A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2832500A1 (fr) * 2001-11-19 2003-05-23 Delta Caps Internat Dci Detonateur electronique pour explosifs
FR2843191A1 (fr) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-06 Delta Caps Internat Dci Installation de tirs pyrotechniques et detonateur pour une telle installation
AP1667A (en) * 2003-05-16 2006-10-02 Chemical Holdings Int Ltd Programmable pyrotechnical firing installation.
AU2002358894B2 (en) * 2001-11-19 2009-09-03 Chemical Holdings International Ltd. Installation for programmable pyrotechnic shot firing
CN101608885B (zh) * 2009-07-08 2013-03-20 长江重庆航道工程局 山区河流水下钻孔爆破施工方法
CN106969677A (zh) * 2017-05-04 2017-07-21 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 基于修正爆破作用指数的深水厚淤积覆盖下岩塞爆破方法
CN107356168A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2017-11-17 中铁四局集团第二工程有限公司 一种深水倾斜裸岩基础水下爆破施工方法
CN111879195A (zh) * 2020-09-22 2020-11-03 辽宁北方华丰特种化工有限公司 一种用于水下爆破的远距离传爆起爆装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3454907A (en) * 1966-08-01 1969-07-08 Us Army Radio frequency attenuator
GB1429281A (en) * 1973-02-27 1976-03-24 Agency Ind Science Techn Underwater blasting method and devices used therewith
AT330096B (de) * 1973-05-15 1976-06-10 Eckels Robert E Sprengverfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuhrung des verfahrens
US3982486A (en) * 1975-01-14 1976-09-28 Eckels Robert E Non-expendable positioning frame for multiple explosive charges

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3454907A (en) * 1966-08-01 1969-07-08 Us Army Radio frequency attenuator
GB1429281A (en) * 1973-02-27 1976-03-24 Agency Ind Science Techn Underwater blasting method and devices used therewith
AT330096B (de) * 1973-05-15 1976-06-10 Eckels Robert E Sprengverfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuhrung des verfahrens
US3982486A (en) * 1975-01-14 1976-09-28 Eckels Robert E Non-expendable positioning frame for multiple explosive charges

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2832500A1 (fr) * 2001-11-19 2003-05-23 Delta Caps Internat Dci Detonateur electronique pour explosifs
WO2003044450A1 (fr) * 2001-11-19 2003-05-30 Chemical Holdings International Ltd. Detonateur electronique pour explosifs
AU2002358894B2 (en) * 2001-11-19 2009-09-03 Chemical Holdings International Ltd. Installation for programmable pyrotechnic shot firing
WO2004013564A1 (fr) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-12 Chemical Holdings Int. Ltd. Dispositif d'allumage pyrotechnique
AP1720A (en) * 2002-08-01 2007-01-31 Chemical Holdings Int Ltd Pyrotechnical firing installation
FR2843191A1 (fr) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-06 Delta Caps Internat Dci Installation de tirs pyrotechniques et detonateur pour une telle installation
AP1667A (en) * 2003-05-16 2006-10-02 Chemical Holdings Int Ltd Programmable pyrotechnical firing installation.
CN101608885B (zh) * 2009-07-08 2013-03-20 长江重庆航道工程局 山区河流水下钻孔爆破施工方法
CN106969677A (zh) * 2017-05-04 2017-07-21 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 基于修正爆破作用指数的深水厚淤积覆盖下岩塞爆破方法
CN106969677B (zh) * 2017-05-04 2018-03-16 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 基于修正爆破作用指数的深水厚淤积覆盖下岩塞爆破方法
CN107356168A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2017-11-17 中铁四局集团第二工程有限公司 一种深水倾斜裸岩基础水下爆破施工方法
CN111879195A (zh) * 2020-09-22 2020-11-03 辽宁北方华丰特种化工有限公司 一种用于水下爆破的远距离传爆起爆装置
CN111879195B (zh) * 2020-09-22 2023-03-14 辽宁北方华丰特种化工有限公司 一种用于水下爆破的远距离传爆起爆装置

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