EP0280580A2 - Low phosphorus lubricants - Google Patents
Low phosphorus lubricants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0280580A2 EP0280580A2 EP88301712A EP88301712A EP0280580A2 EP 0280580 A2 EP0280580 A2 EP 0280580A2 EP 88301712 A EP88301712 A EP 88301712A EP 88301712 A EP88301712 A EP 88301712A EP 0280580 A2 EP0280580 A2 EP 0280580A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- oil
- copper
- sulphur
- phosphorus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
- C10M129/42—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/56—Acids of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M129/58—Naphthenic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
- C10M135/04—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
- C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
- C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/16—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds a condensation reaction being involved
- C10M149/22—Polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M167/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/09—Metal enolates, i.e. keto-enol metal complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/146—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membeered aromatic rings having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/082—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type monocarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
- C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/086—Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
- C10M2215/226—Morpholines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/26—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
- C10M2217/023—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group the amino group containing an ester bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
- C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
- C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
- C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
- C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/102—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon only in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
- C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/063—Complexes of boron halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/065—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Ti or Zr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/251—Alcohol fueled engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
- C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to lubricating compositions, especially automobile crankcase lubricants, containing low or zero amounts of phosphorus.
- This invention provides lubricant compositions and concentrates with low or zero phosphorus contents which comprise copper, sulphur, and a bearing corrosion inhibitor, which compositions have been found to have remarkable engine performance.
- US-A-2356661 deals with lubricating oils containing 50 to 1000 parts per million of copper as an oil-soluble organic compound such as copper dialkyl dithiocarbamates and including phosphorus containing compounds together with from 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of total sulphur in the oil, sulphur being provided as oil-soluble organic sulphur compounds such as thiocarbamates.
- US-A-2343756 discloses the addition of copper compounds including phosphorus-containing copper complexes in conjunction with sulphur compounds, to lubricating oils. Amounts of from 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of sulphur are disclosed, with amounts in excess of 0.5 wt % sulphur described as being potentially detrimental. In US-A-2552580, cuprous thiophosphates are included in lubricant compositions at relatively high levels, which will give high phosphorus level in the oils.
- a wide variety of metal-containing polymeric amine-metal reactants are employed as detergents in lubricant compositions.
- a lubricant is described containing inter alia, a copper salt of an acylated nitrogen compound, 0.075% phosphorus as a ZDDP reacted with hexene oxide, and a sulphurized methyl ester of a tall oil acid.
- Other copper containing lubricants either contain more phosphorus or no sulphur.
- US-A-4122033 discloses the entire group of transition metal compOunds as antioxidation stabilizers in conjunction with amines, selenides, phosphines or phosphites and may be used in various applications including as additives for lubricants. None of the foregoing documents describe fully formulated lubricant oils which would be appropriate to meet the requirements for modern lubricants and none specifically address the reduction of phosphorus levels while maintaining performance in antiwear, antioxidation and corrosion inhibition.
- EP-A-24146 discloses lubricant compositions containing an ashless dispersant and/or polymeric viscosity index improver dispersant and copper which may be in the form of a dithiocarbamate, but requires the presence of zinc and from 0.01 to 0.5 wt % phosphorus.
- Thiadiazole polysulphides are an optional component.
- US-A-4330420 describes oils with reduced phosphorus content (but only to 0.05%P) using mixtures of dialkyldiphenylamine and a sulphurized polyolefin to compensate for reduction in the amount of ZDDP. There is no disclosure of the use of copper or thiadiazole polysulphides.
- EP-A-89844 describes reaction products of 4,4 ⁇ -methylene bis(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol) and tri-Sec-C 4-12 alkyl orthoborate and their use in lubricants to enable the amount of ZDDP to be reduced to provide from 0.05 to 0.11 wt % P.
- US-A-4490265 describes lubricating oils comprising boron-containing heterocyclic compounds which may be in the form of a metal salt including a copper salt, thiadiazole polysulphides, terephthalic acid and as an oxidation inhibitor either a bis(dithiobenzil) metal derivative where the metal may inter alia be copper or a sulphur-bridged, bis hindered phenol.
- a metal salt including a copper salt, thiadiazole polysulphides, terephthalic acid and as an oxidation inhibitor either a bis(dithiobenzil) metal derivative where the metal may inter alia be copper or a sulphur-bridged, bis hindered phenol.
- the desirability of reducing or eliminating phosphorus is not disclosed and all the Examples of lubricants contain 0.05 wt% P.
- US-A-4623474 makes a similar disclosure.
- US-A-4627930 also describes boron-containing heterocyclic compounds which may be in the form of a copper salt and may be sulphurized. Thiadiazole polysulphides and copper carboxylates are also disclosed. Although the boron containing heterocyclic compounds are described as phosphorus-free, there is no disclosure of a fully formulated oil containing less than 0.05 wt % P. US-A-4629580 contains a similar disclosure.
- US-A-4629579 discloses boron and metal-boron derivatives for use as extreme pressure, anti-wear and friction reducing additives for lubricating oils, and compositions including one containing no ZDDP, but there is no disclosure of a composition containing low or zero amounts of phosphorus, with sulphur and copper.
- Lubricant compositions containing low, or zero amounts of phosphorus, but no copper are described in WO-A-8604601, WO-A-8604602 and WO-A-8606092.
- the invention seeks to provide lubricants having antiwear, corrosion inhibition and antioxidant performance appropriate to modern oil requirements with reduced or zero amounts of phosphorous and without the need for large amounts and/or expensive forms of antioxidant.
- Modern oil as used herein in relation to automobile crankcase lubricants refers to oil which can meet the current requirements for crankcase lubricants in the major industrial countries. High performance engines, increased lifetime requirements resulting from longer periods between oil changes, and higher operating temperatures all contribute to the increased performance required from lubricants.
- This invention is particularly concerned with automobile crankcase lubricants which can meet and exceed the requirements for the SF API Engine Service Category for service station oils and/or the requirements for the CD API Engine Service Category for Commercial Oils/Diesel Engines, established jointly by API, SAE and ASTM.
- this invention provides a lubricant composition
- a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a lubricating oil, 5 to 500 parts per million by weight (ppm) of added copper present in oil-soluble form, one or more added oil-soluble sulphur-containing compounds such that the composition preferably comprises from greater than 0.5 to 2.0 wt % of total sulphur, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 wt % of total sulphur and an effective amount of a bearing corrosion inhibitor, the composition containing less than 0.01 wt % phosphorus, preferably being substantially phosphorus-free.
- the lubricant composition will also contain one or more ashless dispersants and/or one or more viscosity index improver dispersants and/or one or more overbased additives which function as antacid and anti-rust agents, such as overbased calcium or magnesium sulphonates or phenates.
- the use of copper in the invention enables a low phosphorus oil with performance meeting the requirements of modern oils to be obtained economically and with good control of oxidation, which in an automobile engine is catalysed by metal accumulated in the oil by wear or corrosion, with iron being a particular oxidation catalyst.
- the anti-oxidant effect may not be sufficient for some applications.
- the ash level of the oil will be increased and an increased tendency to bearing corrosion may be observed.
- the amount of added copper in the compositions will generally be within the range of 10 to 400 ppm, typically 10 to 300 ppm, preferably 10 to 200 ppm, e.g. 60 to 200 ppm.
- compositions of the invention comprising low amounts of oil-soluble copper compounds and very low or zero amounts of phosphorus to provide adequate antioxidant and antiwear performance for the stringent requirements of modern engine tests is surprising. Copper is known to act in many situations as an oxidation promoter or catalyst, and closely related metals, such as cobalt and chromium, are not effective lubricant anti-oxidants.
- EP-A-24146 teaches the presence of at least 0.01 wt % of each of phosphorus and zinc.
- the copper compound functions effectively in compositions which may contain zinc and other metal compounds, such as calcium or magnesium overbased additives, which have an inherent pro-oxidant activity.
- the copper compounds used as anti-oxidants in this invention may be chosen from those described in EP-A-24146 as suitable for lubricants provided that the copper compounds are substantially free of phosphorus.
- the copper may be blended into the oil as the oil-soluble copper salt of a synthetic or natural carboxylic acid.
- suitable carboxylic acids include C10 to C18 fatty acids such as stearic or palmitic acid, unsaturated acids such as oleic acid, branched carboxylic acids such as naphthenic acids of molecular weight from 200 to 500, neodecanoic or 2-ethylhexanoic acid and alkyl or alkenyl substituted dicarboxylic acids such as polyalkene substituted succinic acids, e.g. octadecenyl succinic acids, dodecenyl succinic acids and polyisobutenyl succinic acids.
- the copper may be blended into the oil as oil-soluble copper dithiocarbamates of the general formula (RR ⁇ NCSS) n Cu, where n is 1 or 2 and R and R ⁇ are the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and cycloalkyl radicals.
- R and R ⁇ are the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and cycloalkyl radicals.
- Other copper and sulphur containing compounds such as copper mercaptides, disulphides and thioxanthates are suitable for use in the invention. Copper sulphonates, phenates, and acetylacetonates may also be used.
- the copper may be introduced in the oil in an oil-insoluble form provided that in the finished lubricant composition the copper is in the form on an oil-soluble compound.
- the term "added copper” is intended to exclude copper present in the oil as a result of accumulation of copper in the oil during use, e.g. by wear or corrosion of copper-containing components.
- the lubricant compositions of the invention contain an added oil-soluble sulphur compound.
- sulphur compounds are the dithiocarbamates, preferably of the formula: (RR ⁇ NCSS) n M, wherein R, R ⁇ and n are as defined hereinbefore and M is a suitable metal such as zinc, molybdenum or (as indicated above) copper or a optionally substituted hydrocarbyl radical.
- Preferred dithiocarbamates are dialkyl dithiocarbamates preferably containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as diamyl dithiocarbamates.
- a particularly preferred compound is zinc diamyl dithiocarbamate.
- Sulphur may also be introduced as a mercaptide particularly the mercaptides of aliphatic mercaptans (including copper mercaptides as indicated above), sulphurized unsaturated organic compounds including sulphurized olefins (e.g. US-A-4119549, US-A-4-4119550, US-A-4191659 and US-A-4147640), sulphurized Diels-Alder adducts (e.g. US-A-3632566, US-A-3498915 and US-E-27331) and particularly sulphurized unsaturated alcohols and esters such as sperm oil substitutes, e.g.
- sperm oil sulphides including di- and polysulphides, thioethers, thiophenols, thioxanthates (including copper thioxanthates as indicated above), sulphurized esters, thioesters, thioamides, thiazoles such as benzothiazoles and particularly mercaptobenzothiazoles, and thiadiazoles.
- Mineral lubricating oils contain sulphur, whereas synthetic oils may be sulphur-free, so that the amount of sulphur added as a sulphur-containing compound varies according to the basestock and the sulphur contents of other components in the lubricating composition, more preferably so as to give a sulphur content of greater than 0.5 to 1.0 wt % total sulphur.
- the lubricant compositions of the invention advantageously contain from 0.5 to 0.7 wt % total S, and most preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt % S as added oil-soluble sulphur-containing compound. They also preferably contain 0.01 to 0.5 wt % Zn, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 wt % Zn. In a particularly preferred aspect the compositions contain 0.5 to 3 wt % zinc dithiocarbamate.
- the bearing corrosion inhibitor is a corrosion inhibitor effective at inhibiting corrosion effects on bearings such as Cu/Pb bearings, where effects such as copper staining and high weight loss can be encountered. Such additives have been found to promote the antiwear performance of the oil.
- Preferred bearing corrosion inhibitors are borate esters such as B(OR)3, (RO)2B-O-B(OR)2, (ROBO)3 (RO)2BOR1OB(OR)2 and mixtures (wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group or two groups R form a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group and R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group) and these materials may be derived, for example, from alcohols such as alkoxyalkanols (both short chain alkanols and longer chain alcohols as in US-A-4440656) and polyetheralkanols; mono-, di- and trihydroxy alkanols, e
- triethanolamine and tri-isopropanolamine hydroxyamines made by reacting a primary amine (e.g. oleylamine) or secondary amine with ethylene or propylene oxide and the compounds of US-A-4406802.
- Preferred alcohols are 2-methylpentan-1,3-diol, butane-1,2-diol, butane-1,3-diol and similar 1,2 and 1,3 diols, and ethoxyethanol.
- the invention contains from 0.01 to 10 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt %, of a borate ester especially an ester of an alkoxyalkanol or a polyetheralkanol, e.g. a tris(ethoxyethyl) orthoborate ester or metaborate ester, or a biborate of a diol such as butane-1,3-diol.
- a borate ester especially an ester of an alkoxyalkanol or a polyetheralkanol, e.g. a tris(ethoxyethyl) orthoborate ester or metaborate ester, or a biborate of a diol such as butane-1,3-diol.
- the bearing corrosion inhibitor is a thiadiazole mercaptan, especially a thiadiazole polysulphide containing from 5 to 50 carbon atoms, a derivative or polymer thereof.
- Preferred materials are the 1,3,4 thiadiazole polysulphides such as those described in US-A-2719125, 2719126 and 3087932.
- Especially preferred is the compound 2,5-bis (t-octadithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole commercially available as Amoco 150 or 2,5-bis(nonyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole available as Amoco 158.
- thiadiazole mercaptans may be used such as esters, condensation products with halogenated carboxylic acids, reaction products with aldehydes and amines, alcohols or mercaptans, amine salts, dithiocarbamates, reaction products with ashless dispersants (e.g. US-A-4140643 and US-A-4136043) and reaction products with sulphur halides and olefins.
- These materials are preferably present in an amount of from 0.01 to 10 wt %, more preferably 0.1 to 5.0 wt % of the lubricant composition.
- the lubricating compositions may comprise small amounts of phosphorus, less than 0.01 wt %, preferably less than 0.005 wt %, but more preferably the lubricating compositions are substantially free of phosphorus.
- the lubricating composition further comprises:
- the nitrogen containing dispersant additives are those known in the art as sludge dispersants for crankcase motor oils, e.g. such as shown in US-A-3275554, US-A-3565804, US-A-3442808, US-A-3442808, GB-A-983040 or BE-A-658236.
- the most commonly used dispersants are those formed by reacting alkenyl succinic anhydride, e.g. polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, and an amine described in US-A-3202678, 3154560, 3172892, 3024195, 3024237, 3219666, 3216936 and BE-A-662875.
- the ashless dispersants may be esters derived from long chain hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acids and from hydroxy compounds such as monohydric and polyhydric alcohols or aromatic compounds such as phenols and naphthols as prepared for example in US-A-3522179.
- Hydroxyamines which can be reacted with any of the aforesaid long chain hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acids to form dispersants include 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, p-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-aniline, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1 3-propane-diol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1, 3-propanediol, N-(beta-hydroxy-propyl)-N ⁇ -(beta-aminoethyl)-piperazine, tris(hydroxmethyl) amino-methane (also known as trismethylolaminomethane), 2-amino-1-butanol, ethanolamine, beta-(beta-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamine, and the like. Mixtures of these or similar amines can also be employed.
- Preferred dispersants are those derived from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and polyethylene amines, e.g. tetraethylene pentamine, polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene amines, e.g. polyoxypropylene diamine, trismethylolaminomethane and pentaerythritol, and combinations thereof.
- One particularly preferred dispersant combination involves a combination of (A) polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with (B) a hydroxy compound, e.g. pentaerythritol, (C) a polyoxyalkylene polyamine, e.g. polyoxypropylene diamine, and (D) a polyalkylene polyamine, e.g.
- polyethylene diamine and tetraethylene pentamine using about 0.01 to about 4 equivalents of (B) and (D) and about 0.01 to about 2 equivalents of (C) per equivalent of (A) as described in US-A-3894763.
- Another preferred dispersant combination involves the combination of (A) polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with (B) a polyalkylene polyamine, e.g. tetraethylene pentamine, and (C) a polyhydric alcohol or polyhydroxy-substituted aliphatic primary amine, e.g. pentaerythritol or trismethylolaminomethane as described in US-A-3632511.
- the alkenyl succinic polyamine type dispersants can be further modified with a boron compound such as boron oxide, boron halides, boron acids and ester of boron acids in an amount to provide 0.1 to 10 atomic proportions of boron per mole of the acylated nitrogen compound as generally taught in US-A-3087936 and 3254025. Mixtures of dispersants can also be used such as those described in US-A-4113639.
- a boron compound such as boron oxide, boron halides, boron acids and ester of boron acids in an amount to provide 0.1 to 10 atomic proportions of boron per mole of the acylated nitrogen compound as generally taught in US-A-3087936 and 3254025.
- Mixtures of dispersants can also be used such as those described in US-A-4113639.
- the oils may contain from 1.0 to 10 wt %, more preferably 2.0 to 7.0 wt % of these dispersants.
- the dispersancy may be provided by 0.3 to 10% of a polymeric Viscosity Index improver dispersant, for example copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with N-vinyl pyrrolidone or dimethylaminoalkyl methacrylate, alkyl fumarate-vinyl acetate N-vinyl pyrolidine copolymers, post-grafted interpolymers of ethylene-propylene with an active monomer such as maleic anhydride which may be further reacted with an alcohol or an alkylene polyamine, such as in US-A-4149984; or styrene/maleic anhydride polymers post-reacted with alcohols and amines, ethoxylated derivatives of acrylate polymers such as in US-A-3702300.
- a polymeric Viscosity Index improver dispersant for example copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with N-vinyl pyrrolidone or dimethylaminoalky
- Magnesium and/or calcium containing additives are frequently included in lubricating compositions either alone or in combination with other alkali metal or alkaline earth metal additives such as those containing sodium. These may be present for example as the metal salts of sulphonic acids, alkyl phenols, sulphurised alkyl phenols, alkyl salicylates, naphthenates, and other oil soluble mono- and di-carboxylic acids.
- Highly basic alkaline earth metal alkaryl sulfonates are generally known for example in US-A-3150088 and 3150089.
- a preferred alkaline earth sulfonate is magnesium or calcium alkyl aromatic sulfonate having a total base number (TBN, as measured by the procedure of ASTM D2896) ranging from 300 to 400.
- Polyvalent metal alkyl salicylate and naphthenate materials may also be included, such as the methylene and sulfur bridged materials which are readily derived from alkyl substituted salicylic or naphthenic acids or mixtures of either or both with alkyl substituted phenols.
- Basic sulfurized salicylates and a method for their preparation are shown in US-A-3595791.
- the individual R groups may each contain from 5 to 40, preferably 8 to 20, carbon atoms.
- the metal salt is prepared by reacting an alkyl phenol sulfide with a sufficient quantity of metal containing material to impart the desired alkalinity to the sulfurized metal phenate.
- the sulfurized alkyl phenol is converted by reaction with a metal containing material including oxides, hydroxides and complexes in an amount sufficient to neutralize said phenol and, if desired, to overbase the product to a desired alkalinity by procedures well known in the art.
- a metal containing material including oxides, hydroxides and complexes in an amount sufficient to neutralize said phenol and, if desired, to overbase the product to a desired alkalinity by procedures well known in the art.
- Preferred is a process of neutralization utilizing a solution of metal in a glycol ether.
- Magnesium and calcium containing additives such as described above although beneficial in other respects can increase the tendency of the lubricating oil to oxidise. This is especially true of the highly basic sulphonates.
- the invention therefore provides a crankcase lubricating composition also containing from 2 to 8000 parts per million of calcium and/or magnesium.
- the magnesium and/or calcium is generally present as basic or neutral detergents such as the sulphonates and phenates, and preferred additives are basic magnesium or calcium sulphonates.
- preferred additives are basic magnesium or calcium sulphonates.
- the oils contain from 500 to 5000 parts per million of calcium and/or magnesium from such additives.
- compositions of our invention may as an alternative or in addition contain other similar metal-containing detergent additives, for example, those containing barium, sodium, potassium or lithium.
- the lubricating oil used in the lubricant composition may be a mineral lubricating oil or a synthetic lubricating oil or a mixture thereof.
- Suitable synthetic oils include diester oils such as di(2-ethyl-hexyl) sebacate, azelate and adipate; complex ester oils such as those formed for dicarboxylic acids, glycols and either monobasic acids or monohydric alcohols; silicone oils; sulfide esters; organic carbonates; hydrocarbon oils and other synthetic oils known to the art.
- the invention is particularly useful in mineral lubricating oils and has the added benefit that it may allow use of base stock oils that have inferior antioxidant properties to those currently used.
- the lubricating compositions of the present invention may and usually will contain other traditional lubricant additives provided that they are substantially phosphorus-free - for example, rust inhibitors such as oleic acid and its derivatives, such as N-oleylsarcosine, and oleic acid dimers, and trimers, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate, dodecyl succinic anhydride or ethoxylated alkyl phenols; pour point depressants such as copolymers of vinyl acetate with fumaric acid esters of coconut oil alcohols; and viscosity index improvers such as olefin copolymers or polymethacrylates.
- rust inhibitors such as oleic acid and its derivatives, such as N-oleylsarcosine, and oleic acid dimers, and trimers, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate, dodecyl succinic anhydride or ethoxylated
- supplementary antioxidants are included especially when the basestock has poor oxidative stability; and typically the supplementary antioxidant is added to the oil in amounts from 0.1-1.5 wt %.
- the supplementary antioxidants that are used include phenols, hindered-phenols, bis-phenols, and sulphurised phenols, catechol, alkylated catechols and sulphurised alkyl catechols, diphenylamine and alkyl diphenylamines and phenyl-1-naphthylamine and its alkylated derivatives.
- Additives for lubricating oils are generally supplied as concentrates in oil for incorporation into the bulk lubricant.
- the present invention therefore provides concentrates comprising an oil solution containing:
- the concentrate may also contain other additives such as the detergents and viscosity index improvers previously described.
- a particularly preferred concentrate also contains a magnesium and/or calcium containing additive and the invention therefore provides a concentrate which further comprises from 0.01 to 8 wt % of calcium and/or magnesium.
- Seq. IIID engine test according to ASTM STP 315M Part II in which the maximum and average cam plus lifter wear are measured. A pass in this test is achieved with maximum wear of 0.02 cm (0.008 in.) or better, and an average wear of 0.01 cm (0.004 in.) or better.
- Kinematic viscosity increase in the Seq. IIID was measured at 40°C as a percentage increase in 64 hours. A pass is achieved in this test by achieving a viscosity increase in 64 hours of not more than 375%.
- a comparision of Comparative Example V with Example 2 shows that the use of copper not only improves antioxidant performance but also surprisingly improves antiwear performance.
- the Examples of the invention show that the performance of the formulations is not merely summation of the performance of individual additives, but gives a surprising improvement in antiwear, antioxidant and bearing corrosion performance, while having phosphorus levels below those commercially employed in conventional oils.
- Comparative Examples VII - IX follow Example 11 of WO-A-8604601, Example 13 of WO-A-8604602 and Example XI of WO-A-06092 but using similar materials selected from those identified by letter in these Examples.
- the Comparative Examples do not use copper, and the results in Table 3 below show inadequate control of viscosity, whereas the compositions of the invention in Examples 5-7 demonstrate the effectiveness of the invention for use in modern oils exposed to an oxidative environment over a long period with extended engine oil drain times.
- N is a dispersant similar to dispersant B, but wherein the polyisobutenyl radical has a molecular weight of approximately 1300, and the dispersant contains 1.46 wt % N and 0.32 wt % B.
- P is an anti-wear additive comprising an oil solution (90% active ingredient) of a diisooctyl zinc dithiophosphate which contains 7.0 wt % P and 7.7 wt % Zn.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to lubricating compositions, especially automobile crankcase lubricants, containing low or zero amounts of phosphorus.
- There is currently a drive to reduce the amounts of phosphorus in lubricants because of the deleterious effect phosphorus has on catalysts commonly used in catalytic converters used for emission control. Levels of phosphorus have typically been of the order of 0.1% but there is an increasing need to reduce phosphorus levels to below 0.05 wt % or remove it altogether. However, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) and other phosphorus containing additives have been widely used as anti-wear and/or anti-oxidant additives and simply reducing or removing such components results in lubricants with poor engine performance.
- This invention provides lubricant compositions and concentrates with low or zero phosphorus contents which comprise copper, sulphur, and a bearing corrosion inhibitor, which compositions have been found to have remarkable engine performance.
- US-A-2356661 deals with lubricating oils containing 50 to 1000 parts per million of copper as an oil-soluble organic compound such as copper dialkyl dithiocarbamates and including phosphorus containing compounds together with from 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of total sulphur in the oil, sulphur being provided as oil-soluble organic sulphur compounds such as thiocarbamates.
- US-A-2343756 discloses the addition of copper compounds including phosphorus-containing copper complexes in conjunction with sulphur compounds, to lubricating oils. Amounts of from 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of sulphur are disclosed, with amounts in excess of 0.5 wt % sulphur described as being potentially detrimental. In US-A-2552580, cuprous thiophosphates are included in lubricant compositions at relatively high levels, which will give high phosphorus level in the oils.
- In US-A-3346493, a wide variety of metal-containing polymeric amine-metal reactants are employed as detergents in lubricant compositions. In an isolated example, a lubricant is described containing inter alia, a copper salt of an acylated nitrogen compound, 0.075% phosphorus as a ZDDP reacted with hexene oxide, and a sulphurized methyl ester of a tall oil acid. Other copper containing lubricants either contain more phosphorus or no sulphur. US-A-4122033 discloses the entire group of transition metal compOunds as antioxidation stabilizers in conjunction with amines, selenides, phosphines or phosphites and may be used in various applications including as additives for lubricants. None of the foregoing documents describe fully formulated lubricant oils which would be appropriate to meet the requirements for modern lubricants and none specifically address the reduction of phosphorus levels while maintaining performance in antiwear, antioxidation and corrosion inhibition.
- EP-A-24146 discloses lubricant compositions containing an ashless dispersant and/or polymeric viscosity index improver dispersant and copper which may be in the form of a dithiocarbamate, but requires the presence of zinc and from 0.01 to 0.5 wt % phosphorus. Thiadiazole polysulphides are an optional component.
- US-A-4330420 describes oils with reduced phosphorus content (but only to 0.05%P) using mixtures of dialkyldiphenylamine and a sulphurized polyolefin to compensate for reduction in the amount of ZDDP. There is no disclosure of the use of copper or thiadiazole polysulphides.
- EP-A-89844 describes reaction products of 4,4ʹ-methylene bis(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol) and tri-Sec-C4-12 alkyl orthoborate and their use in lubricants to enable the amount of ZDDP to be reduced to provide from 0.05 to 0.11 wt % P.
- US-A-4490265 describes lubricating oils comprising boron-containing heterocyclic compounds which may be in the form of a metal salt including a copper salt, thiadiazole polysulphides, terephthalic acid and as an oxidation inhibitor either a bis(dithiobenzil) metal derivative where the metal may inter alia be copper or a sulphur-bridged, bis hindered phenol. The desirability of reducing or eliminating phosphorus is not disclosed and all the Examples of lubricants contain 0.05 wt% P. US-A-4623474 makes a similar disclosure.
- US-A-4627930 also describes boron-containing heterocyclic compounds which may be in the form of a copper salt and may be sulphurized. Thiadiazole polysulphides and copper carboxylates are also disclosed. Although the boron containing heterocyclic compounds are described as phosphorus-free, there is no disclosure of a fully formulated oil containing less than 0.05 wt % P. US-A-4629580 contains a similar disclosure. US-A-4629579 discloses boron and metal-boron derivatives for use as extreme pressure, anti-wear and friction reducing additives for lubricating oils, and compositions including one containing no ZDDP, but there is no disclosure of a composition containing low or zero amounts of phosphorus, with sulphur and copper.
- Lubricant compositions containing low, or zero amounts of phosphorus, but no copper are described in WO-A-8604601, WO-A-8604602 and WO-A-8606092.
- The invention seeks to provide lubricants having antiwear, corrosion inhibition and antioxidant performance appropriate to modern oil requirements with reduced or zero amounts of phosphorous and without the need for large amounts and/or expensive forms of antioxidant.
- The term "Modern oil" as used herein in relation to automobile crankcase lubricants refers to oil which can meet the current requirements for crankcase lubricants in the major industrial countries. High performance engines, increased lifetime requirements resulting from longer periods between oil changes, and higher operating temperatures all contribute to the increased performance required from lubricants. This invention is particularly concerned with automobile crankcase lubricants which can meet and exceed the requirements for the SF API Engine Service Category for service station oils and/or the requirements for the CD API Engine Service Category for Commercial Oils/Diesel Engines, established jointly by API, SAE and ASTM.
- In one aspect, this invention provides a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a lubricating oil, 5 to 500 parts per million by weight (ppm) of added copper present in oil-soluble form, one or more added oil-soluble sulphur-containing compounds such that the composition preferably comprises from greater than 0.5 to 2.0 wt % of total sulphur, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 wt % of total sulphur and an effective amount of a bearing corrosion inhibitor, the composition containing less than 0.01 wt % phosphorus, preferably being substantially phosphorus-free.
- In particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, the lubricant composition will also contain one or more ashless dispersants and/or one or more viscosity index improver dispersants and/or one or more overbased additives which function as antacid and anti-rust agents, such as overbased calcium or magnesium sulphonates or phenates.
- The use of copper in the invention enables a low phosphorus oil with performance meeting the requirements of modern oils to be obtained economically and with good control of oxidation, which in an automobile engine is catalysed by metal accumulated in the oil by wear or corrosion, with iron being a particular oxidation catalyst. At unduly low concentrations of copper, the anti-oxidant effect may not be sufficient for some applications. At unduly high concentrations, the ash level of the oil will be increased and an increased tendency to bearing corrosion may be observed. The amount of added copper in the compositions will generally be within the range of 10 to 400 ppm, typically 10 to 300 ppm, preferably 10 to 200 ppm, e.g. 60 to 200 ppm.
- The ability of the compositions of the invention comprising low amounts of oil-soluble copper compounds and very low or zero amounts of phosphorus to provide adequate antioxidant and antiwear performance for the stringent requirements of modern engine tests is surprising. Copper is known to act in many situations as an oxidation promoter or catalyst, and closely related metals, such as cobalt and chromium, are not effective lubricant anti-oxidants. EP-A-24146 teaches the presence of at least 0.01 wt % of each of phosphorus and zinc.
- It is also surprising that the copper compound functions effectively in compositions which may contain zinc and other metal compounds, such as calcium or magnesium overbased additives, which have an inherent pro-oxidant activity.
- The copper compounds used as anti-oxidants in this invention may be chosen from those described in EP-A-24146 as suitable for lubricants provided that the copper compounds are substantially free of phosphorus.
- Thus, the copper may be blended into the oil as the oil-soluble copper salt of a synthetic or natural carboxylic acid. Examples of suitable carboxylic acids include C₁₀ to C₁₈ fatty acids such as stearic or palmitic acid, unsaturated acids such as oleic acid, branched carboxylic acids such as naphthenic acids of molecular weight from 200 to 500, neodecanoic or 2-ethylhexanoic acid and alkyl or alkenyl substituted dicarboxylic acids such as polyalkene substituted succinic acids, e.g. octadecenyl succinic acids, dodecenyl succinic acids and polyisobutenyl succinic acids.
- The copper may be blended into the oil as oil-soluble copper dithiocarbamates of the general formula (RRʹNCSS)nCu, where n is 1 or 2 and R and Rʹ are the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and cycloalkyl radicals. Other copper and sulphur containing compounds such as copper mercaptides, disulphides and thioxanthates are suitable for use in the invention. Copper sulphonates, phenates, and acetylacetonates may also be used.
- Alternatively the copper may be introduced in the oil in an oil-insoluble form provided that in the finished lubricant composition the copper is in the form on an oil-soluble compound. The term "added copper" is intended to exclude copper present in the oil as a result of accumulation of copper in the oil during use, e.g. by wear or corrosion of copper-containing components.
- The lubricant compositions of the invention contain an added oil-soluble sulphur compound. One preferred class of such sulphur compounds are the dithiocarbamates, preferably of the formula: (RRʹNCSS)n M, wherein R, Rʹ and n are as defined hereinbefore and M is a suitable metal such as zinc, molybdenum or (as indicated above) copper or a optionally substituted hydrocarbyl radical. Preferred dithiocarbamates are dialkyl dithiocarbamates preferably containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as diamyl dithiocarbamates. A particularly preferred compound is zinc diamyl dithiocarbamate.
- Sulphur may also be introduced as a mercaptide particularly the mercaptides of aliphatic mercaptans (including copper mercaptides as indicated above), sulphurized unsaturated organic compounds including sulphurized olefins (e.g. US-A-4119549, US-A-4-4119550, US-A-4191659 and US-A-4147640), sulphurized Diels-Alder adducts (e.g. US-A-3632566, US-A-3498915 and US-E-27331) and particularly sulphurized unsaturated alcohols and esters such as sperm oil substitutes, e.g. sperm oil, sulphides including di- and polysulphides, thioethers, thiophenols, thioxanthates (including copper thioxanthates as indicated above), sulphurized esters, thioesters, thioamides, thiazoles such as benzothiazoles and particularly mercaptobenzothiazoles, and thiadiazoles.
- Mineral lubricating oils contain sulphur, whereas synthetic oils may be sulphur-free, so that the amount of sulphur added as a sulphur-containing compound varies according to the basestock and the sulphur contents of other components in the lubricating composition, more preferably so as to give a sulphur content of greater than 0.5 to 1.0 wt % total sulphur. The lubricant compositions of the invention advantageously contain from 0.5 to 0.7 wt % total S, and most preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt % S as added oil-soluble sulphur-containing compound. They also preferably contain 0.01 to 0.5 wt % Zn, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 wt % Zn. In a particularly preferred aspect the compositions contain 0.5 to 3 wt % zinc dithiocarbamate.
- The bearing corrosion inhibitor is a corrosion inhibitor effective at inhibiting corrosion effects on bearings such as Cu/Pb bearings, where effects such as copper staining and high weight loss can be encountered. Such additives have been found to promote the antiwear performance of the oil. Preferred bearing corrosion inhibitors are borate esters such as B(OR)₃, (RO)₂B-O-B(OR)₂, (ROBO)₃ (RO)₂BOR¹OB(OR)₂ and mixtures (wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group or two groups R form a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group and R¹ is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group) and these materials may be derived, for example, from alcohols such as alkoxyalkanols (both short chain alkanols and longer chain alcohols as in US-A-4440656) and polyetheralkanols; mono-, di- and trihydroxy alkanols, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexan-1, 3-diol, butane-1,2-diol butane-1,3-diol, glycerol and the acyclic polyols of US-A-2866811; hydroxy esters such as glyceryl mono-oleate; oxazolines derived for example from oleic acid and tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane; sulphur-containing alcohols such as may be obtained by reacting epoxides with mercaptans e.g. t-dodecyl-mercaptoethanol; amino alcohols such as alkanolamines e.g. triethanolamine and tri-isopropanolamine, hydroxyamines made by reacting a primary amine (e.g. oleylamine) or secondary amine with ethylene or propylene oxide and the compounds of US-A-4406802. Preferred alcohols are 2-methylpentan-1,3-diol, butane-1,2-diol, butane-1,3-diol and similar 1,2 and 1,3 diols, and ethoxyethanol.
- In a preferred aspect the invention contains from 0.01 to 10 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt %, of a borate ester especially an ester of an alkoxyalkanol or a polyetheralkanol, e.g. a tris(ethoxyethyl) orthoborate ester or metaborate ester, or a biborate of a diol such as butane-1,3-diol.
- As an alternative, the bearing corrosion inhibitor is a thiadiazole mercaptan, especially a thiadiazole polysulphide containing from 5 to 50 carbon atoms, a derivative or polymer thereof. Preferred materials are the 1,3,4 thiadiazole polysulphides such as those described in US-A-2719125, 2719126 and 3087932. Especially preferred is the compound 2,5-bis (t-octadithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole commercially available as Amoco 150 or 2,5-bis(nonyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole available as Amoco 158. Other similar materials also suitable are described in US-A-3821236, 3904537, 4097387, 4107059, 4136043, 4188299 and 4193882. Derivatives of thiadiazole mercaptans may be used such as esters, condensation products with halogenated carboxylic acids, reaction products with aldehydes and amines, alcohols or mercaptans, amine salts, dithiocarbamates, reaction products with ashless dispersants (e.g. US-A-4140643 and US-A-4136043) and reaction products with sulphur halides and olefins.
- These materials are preferably present in an amount of from 0.01 to 10 wt %, more preferably 0.1 to 5.0 wt % of the lubricant composition.
- The lubricating compositions may comprise small amounts of phosphorus, less than 0.01 wt %, preferably less than 0.005 wt %, but more preferably the lubricating compositions are substantially free of phosphorus.
- In a preferred aspect the lubricating composition further comprises:
- (A) from 1 to 10 wt % of an ashless dispersant compound which is:
an ashless nitrogen or ester containing dispersant compound preferably selected from:- (i) oil soluble salts, amides, imides, oxazolines and esters, or mixtures thereof, of long chain hydrocarbon substituted mono and dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides;
- (ii) long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon having a polyamine attached directly thereto; and
- (iii) Mannich condensation products formed by condensing a molar proportion of long chain hydrocarbon substituted phenol with 1 to 2.5 moles of formaldehyde and 0.5 to 2 moles of polyalkylene polyamine; wherein said long chain hydrocarbon group is a polymer of a C₂ to C₅ monoolefin, said polymer having a molecular weight of 700 to 5000; and/or
- (B) from 0.3 to 10 wt %, of a nitrogen or ester containing polymeric viscosity index improver dispersant which may include
- (a) polymers comprised of C₄ to C₂₄ unsaturated esters of vinyl alcohol or C₃ to C₁₀ unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid with unsaturated nitrogen containing monomers having 4 to 20 carbons;
- (b) polymers of C₂ to C₂₀ olefin with unsaturated C₃ to C₁₀ mono- or di-carboxylic acid neutralised with amine, hydroxy amine or alcohols; and
- (c) polymers of ethylene with a C₃ to C₂₀ olefin further reacted either by grafting C₄ to C₂₀ unsaturated nitrogen containing monomers thereon or by grafting an unsaturated acid onto the polymer backbone and then reacting said carboxylic acid groups with amine, hydroxy amine or alcohol.
- The nitrogen containing dispersant additives are those known in the art as sludge dispersants for crankcase motor oils, e.g. such as shown in US-A-3275554, US-A-3565804, US-A-3442808, US-A-3442808, GB-A-983040 or BE-A-658236.
- The most commonly used dispersants are those formed by reacting alkenyl succinic anhydride, e.g. polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, and an amine described in US-A-3202678, 3154560, 3172892, 3024195, 3024237, 3219666, 3216936 and BE-A-662875. Alternatively the ashless dispersants may be esters derived from long chain hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acids and from hydroxy compounds such as monohydric and polyhydric alcohols or aromatic compounds such as phenols and naphthols as prepared for example in US-A-3522179.
- Hydroxyamines which can be reacted with any of the aforesaid long chain hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acids to form dispersants include 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, p-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-aniline, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1 3-propane-diol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1, 3-propanediol, N-(beta-hydroxy-propyl)-Nʹ-(beta-aminoethyl)-piperazine, tris(hydroxmethyl) amino-methane (also known as trismethylolaminomethane), 2-amino-1-butanol, ethanolamine, beta-(beta-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamine, and the like. Mixtures of these or similar amines can also be employed.
- Preferred dispersants are those derived from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and polyethylene amines, e.g. tetraethylene pentamine, polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene amines, e.g. polyoxypropylene diamine, trismethylolaminomethane and pentaerythritol, and combinations thereof. One particularly preferred dispersant combination involves a combination of (A) polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with (B) a hydroxy compound, e.g. pentaerythritol, (C) a polyoxyalkylene polyamine, e.g. polyoxypropylene diamine, and (D) a polyalkylene polyamine, e.g. polyethylene diamine and tetraethylene pentamine using about 0.01 to about 4 equivalents of (B) and (D) and about 0.01 to about 2 equivalents of (C) per equivalent of (A) as described in US-A-3894763. Another preferred dispersant combination involves the combination of (A) polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with (B) a polyalkylene polyamine, e.g. tetraethylene pentamine, and (C) a polyhydric alcohol or polyhydroxy-substituted aliphatic primary amine, e.g. pentaerythritol or trismethylolaminomethane as described in US-A-3632511.
- The alkenyl succinic polyamine type dispersants can be further modified with a boron compound such as boron oxide, boron halides, boron acids and ester of boron acids in an amount to provide 0.1 to 10 atomic proportions of boron per mole of the acylated nitrogen compound as generally taught in US-A-3087936 and 3254025. Mixtures of dispersants can also be used such as those described in US-A-4113639.
- The oils may contain from 1.0 to 10 wt %, more preferably 2.0 to 7.0 wt % of these dispersants.
- The dispersancy may be provided by 0.3 to 10% of a polymeric Viscosity Index improver dispersant, for example copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with N-vinyl pyrrolidone or dimethylaminoalkyl methacrylate, alkyl fumarate-vinyl acetate N-vinyl pyrolidine copolymers, post-grafted interpolymers of ethylene-propylene with an active monomer such as maleic anhydride which may be further reacted with an alcohol or an alkylene polyamine, such as in US-A-4149984; or styrene/maleic anhydride polymers post-reacted with alcohols and amines, ethoxylated derivatives of acrylate polymers such as in US-A-3702300.
- Magnesium and/or calcium containing additives are frequently included in lubricating compositions either alone or in combination with other alkali metal or alkaline earth metal additives such as those containing sodium. These may be present for example as the metal salts of sulphonic acids, alkyl phenols, sulphurised alkyl phenols, alkyl salicylates, naphthenates, and other oil soluble mono- and di-carboxylic acids.
- Highly basic alkaline earth metal alkaryl sulfonates are generally known for example in US-A-3150088 and 3150089. For the purposes of this invention, a preferred alkaline earth sulfonate is magnesium or calcium alkyl aromatic sulfonate having a total base number (TBN, as measured by the procedure of ASTM D2896) ranging from 300 to 400.
- Polyvalent metal alkyl salicylate and naphthenate materials may also be included, such as the methylene and sulfur bridged materials which are readily derived from alkyl substituted salicylic or naphthenic acids or mixtures of either or both with alkyl substituted phenols. Basic sulfurized salicylates and a method for their preparation are shown in US-A-3595791.
- The sulfurized metal phenates can be considered the "metal salt of a phenol sulfide" which thus refers to a metal salt, whether neutral or basic, of a compound typified by the general formula:
or a polymeric form of such a compound, where R is an alkyl radical, n and x are each integers from 1 to 4, and the average number of carbon atoms in all of the R groups is at least about 9 in order to ensure adequate solubility in oil. The individual R groups may each contain from 5 to 40, preferably 8 to 20, carbon atoms. The metal salt is prepared by reacting an alkyl phenol sulfide with a sufficient quantity of metal containing material to impart the desired alkalinity to the sulfurized metal phenate. - The sulfurized alkyl phenol is converted by reaction with a metal containing material including oxides, hydroxides and complexes in an amount sufficient to neutralize said phenol and, if desired, to overbase the product to a desired alkalinity by procedures well known in the art. Preferred is a process of neutralization utilizing a solution of metal in a glycol ether.
- Magnesium and calcium containing additives such as described above although beneficial in other respects can increase the tendency of the lubricating oil to oxidise. This is especially true of the highly basic sulphonates.
- According to a preferred embodiment the invention therefore provides a crankcase lubricating composition also containing from 2 to 8000 parts per million of calcium and/or magnesium.
- The magnesium and/or calcium is generally present as basic or neutral detergents such as the sulphonates and phenates, and preferred additives are basic magnesium or calcium sulphonates. Preferably the oils contain from 500 to 5000 parts per million of calcium and/or magnesium from such additives.
- These compositions of our invention may as an alternative or in addition contain other similar metal-containing detergent additives, for example, those containing barium, sodium, potassium or lithium.
- The lubricating oil used in the lubricant composition may be a mineral lubricating oil or a synthetic lubricating oil or a mixture thereof. Suitable synthetic oils include diester oils such as di(2-ethyl-hexyl) sebacate, azelate and adipate; complex ester oils such as those formed for dicarboxylic acids, glycols and either monobasic acids or monohydric alcohols; silicone oils; sulfide esters; organic carbonates; hydrocarbon oils and other synthetic oils known to the art. The invention is particularly useful in mineral lubricating oils and has the added benefit that it may allow use of base stock oils that have inferior antioxidant properties to those currently used.
- The lubricating compositions of the present invention may and usually will contain other traditional lubricant additives provided that they are substantially phosphorus-free - for example, rust inhibitors such as oleic acid and its derivatives, such as N-oleylsarcosine, and oleic acid dimers, and trimers, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate, dodecyl succinic anhydride or ethoxylated alkyl phenols; pour point depressants such as copolymers of vinyl acetate with fumaric acid esters of coconut oil alcohols; and viscosity index improvers such as olefin copolymers or polymethacrylates.
- In copper-free oils other antioxidants in addition to the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate are sometimes required to improve the oxidative stability of the oil. These supplementary antioxidants are included especially when the basestock has poor oxidative stability; and typically the supplementary antioxidant is added to the oil in amounts from 0.1-1.5 wt %. The supplementary antioxidants that are used include phenols, hindered-phenols, bis-phenols, and sulphurised phenols, catechol, alkylated catechols and sulphurised alkyl catechols, diphenylamine and alkyl diphenylamines and phenyl-1-naphthylamine and its alkylated derivatives.
- The inclusion of small amounts of copper generally removes the need for these supplementary antioxidants. It would, however, still be within the scope of our invention for a supplementary antioxidant to be included especially for oils operating under particularly severe conditions where the presence of such supplementary antioxidants may be beneficial, provided that substantially no phosphorus is thereby introduced.
- Additives for lubricating oils are generally supplied as concentrates in oil for incorporation into the bulk lubricant. The present invention therefore provides concentrates comprising an oil solution containing:
- (1) less than 0.1 wt % of phosphorus;
- (2) from 1 to 50 wt % of an oil-soluble sulphur-containing compound;
- (3) from 0.005 to 2 wt % of copper; and
- (4) from 0.1 to 20 wt % of a bearing corrosion inhibitor, and optionally
- (5) a dispersant selected from the group consisting of:
- (a) 0 to 60, e.g. 10 to 60 wt % of an ashless dispersant compound,
- (b) 0 to 40, e.g. 3 to 40% of a polymeric viscosity index improver dispersant, although it is usual to add any viscosity index improver separately.
- The concentrate may also contain other additives such as the detergents and viscosity index improvers previously described. A particularly preferred concentrate also contains a magnesium and/or calcium containing additive and the invention therefore provides a concentrate which further comprises from 0.01 to 8 wt % of calcium and/or magnesium.
- The following Examples are now given, though only by way of illustration, to show certain aspects of the invention in more detail.
- In the following Comparative Examples and Examples of the invention, formulations are prepared with the combinations and amounts of additives set out in Table 1, with the balance being a diluent oil suitable for lubricating compositions and comprising 0.3 wt % sulphur. The additives used are as follows:
- A is a dispersant V.I. additive comprising an oil solution containing 21% of a multifunctional ethylene-propylene copolymer and containing 0.29 wt % N.
- B is an ashless dispersant comprising a 50 wt % oil solution of borated polyisobutenyl succinimide having a polyisobutenyl radical with a molecular weight of approximately 950 and containing 1.6 wt % N and 0.35 wt % B.
- C is an oil solution of an overbased magnesium sulphonate having a TBN of 400 and a magnesium content of 9.2 wt % and a sulphur content of 1.7 wt %.
- D is an oil solution of an overbased calcium sulphonate having a TBN of 300 and a calcium content of 11.9 wt % and a sulphur content of 1.9 wt %.
- E is an oil solution of copper oleate containing 4 wt % copper.
- F is a 30 wt % solution in oil of a hindered methylene bis-phenol antioxidant.
- G is an alkylated diphenylamine antioxidant, commercially available as Irganox L-57 from Ciba-Geigy.
- H is a 50 wt % oil solution of a zinc diamyl dithiocarbamate containing 6 wt % of zinc and 12 wt % sulphur.
- J is an orthoborate ester made from ethoxyethanol comprising 5 wt % of boron.
- K is 2,5-bis(nonyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, commercially available as Amoco 158 from Amoco Chemical Company, comprising 33 wt % sulphur.
- L is an oil solution containing 12 wt % of molybdenum as the octoate.
- M is a sulphurized ester sperm oil substitute, commercially available as Emery 9844 from Emery Corporation, and comprising 11.5 wt % sulphur.
- The formulations were tested in the following standard tests:
- Seq. IIID engine test according to ASTM STP 315M Part II in which the maximum and average cam plus lifter wear are measured. A pass in this test is achieved with maximum wear of 0.02 cm (0.008 in.) or better, and an average wear of 0.01 cm (0.004 in.) or better.
- Kinematic viscosity increase in the Seq. IIID was measured at 40°C as a percentage increase in 64 hours. A pass is achieved in this test by achieving a viscosity increase in 64 hours of not more than 375%.
- CRC-L-38 Screener engine test based on ASTM STP 509A PE IV in which the bearing weight loss (BWL) is measured. A pass in this test is achieved with BWL of not more than 40 mg.
- The results are shown in Table 2. These results show the invention provides a surprising advantage in lubricants which have excellent antioxidant, anti-wear, and bearing corrosion inhibition with substantial absence of phosphorus. Comparative Examples I, II and III show that in the absence of a bearing corrosion inhibitor, wear performance was inadequate. Comparative Example IV shows that the addition of a molybdenum additive did not improve wear performance. Comparative Example V shows that in the absence of copper antioxidant performance was inadequate even with conventional amounts of other known antioxidants.
- A comparision of Comparative Example V with Example 2 shows that the use of copper not only improves antioxidant performance but also surprisingly improves antiwear performance. The Examples of the invention show that the performance of the formulations is not merely summation of the performance of individual additives, but gives a surprising improvement in antiwear, antioxidant and bearing corrosion performance, while having phosphorus levels below those commercially employed in conventional oils.
- A key factor in the performance of crankcase lubricating oils in modern engines is their resistance to oxidation, particularly the avoidance of excessive viscosity increase. The effectiveness of the compositions of the invention in resisting viscosity increase is demonstrated in the Seq. IIID engine tests demonstrated in Examples 1-4 above. A further demonstration is given below in a bench test - the ERCOT test - designed to simulate the oxidative, iron-catalysed environment of an internal combustion engine.
- In the ERCOT test reported below a 300 gm sample of the oil composition under test containing 40 ppm of iron as ferric acetylacetonate was oxidised by passing 1.7 l/min of air through the sample at 165°C and the viscosity was determined at intervals up to 64 hours using a Hakke viscometer. The results are expressed in centipoise (cp).
- Comparative Examples VII - IX follow Example 11 of WO-A-8604601, Example 13 of WO-A-8604602 and Example XI of WO-A-06092 but using similar materials selected from those identified by letter in these Examples. The Comparative Examples do not use copper, and the results in Table 3 below show inadequate control of viscosity, whereas the compositions of the invention in Examples 5-7 demonstrate the effectiveness of the invention for use in modern oils exposed to an oxidative environment over a long period with extended engine oil drain times.
- Apart from the components identified hereinbefore, the following were used:-
N is a dispersant similar to dispersant B, but wherein the polyisobutenyl radical has a molecular weight of approximately 1300, and the dispersant contains 1.46 wt % N and 0.32 wt % B. -
-
Claims (24)
B(OR)₃, (RO)₂B-O-B(OR)₂, (ROBO)₃ or (RO₂)BOR¹OB(OR)₂
(wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group or two groups R together form a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group and R¹ is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group) and/or a thiadiazole polysulphide containing from 5 to 50 carbon atoms, a derivative or polymer thereof.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88301712T ATE82020T1 (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1988-02-26 | LOW PHOSPHORUS LUBRICANTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8704682 | 1987-02-27 | ||
GB878704682A GB8704682D0 (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1987-02-27 | Low phosphorus lubricants |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0280580A2 true EP0280580A2 (en) | 1988-08-31 |
EP0280580A3 EP0280580A3 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
EP0280580B1 EP0280580B1 (en) | 1992-11-04 |
Family
ID=10613078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88301712A Expired - Lifetime EP0280580B1 (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1988-02-26 | Low phosphorus lubricants |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0280580B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2505019B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR960014933B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR244317A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE82020T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU603186B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8800835A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1306741C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3875630T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK103788A (en) |
ES (1) | ES2045102T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB8704682D0 (en) |
MX (1) | MX170110B (en) |
MY (1) | MY103223A (en) |
NO (1) | NO172853C (en) |
SG (1) | SG50093G (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA881262B (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0391649A2 (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-10-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Improved ashless lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines |
EP0444830A1 (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1991-09-04 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited | Succinimide composition |
WO1995007962A1 (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1995-03-23 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricating compositions with improved antioxidancy |
WO1995025781A1 (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1995-09-28 | Exxon Chemical Limited | Lubricating compositions |
WO1995031522A1 (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1995-11-23 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricating compositions |
EP0814148A2 (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1997-12-29 | Oronite Japan Limited | Low phosphorous engine oil compositions and additive compositions |
WO2002018521A2 (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-03-07 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low phosphorus lubricating oil composition |
WO2008079715A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-07-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant for hydrogen-fueled engines |
EP1624043A3 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2009-06-24 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Power transmission fluids with enhanced extreme pressure and antiwear characteristics |
US7563752B2 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2009-07-21 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions |
US7612025B2 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2009-11-03 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
US7625847B2 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2009-12-01 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions |
EP2337831A2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-06-29 | Chevron Oronite Company LLC | Lubricating oil composition |
WO2023161795A1 (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubricating oil compositions |
GB2623137A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-04-10 | Afton Chemical Corp | Corrosion inhibitor and industrial lubricant including the same |
EP4357443A1 (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2024-04-24 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricating oil compositions |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004083746A (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-03-18 | Nippon Oil Corp | Lubricant oil composition for internal combustion engine |
JP2005220197A (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-18 | Nippon Oil Corp | Lubricating oil composition to be brought into contact with lead-containing metal material |
WO2006043527A1 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-04-27 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
JP4663288B2 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2011-04-06 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition in contact with lead-containing metal material |
EP2559748B1 (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2016-06-08 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricating oil composition |
JP6480323B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-03-06 | Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
EP3798287B1 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2023-08-02 | Ab Nanol Technologies Oy | Use of organometallic salt compositions for alleviating the formation of white etching cracks |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2343756A (en) * | 1942-04-23 | 1944-03-07 | Du Pont | Lubricant |
US2356661A (en) * | 1942-04-23 | 1944-08-22 | Du Pont | Lubricating oil |
GB779825A (en) * | 1953-08-11 | 1957-07-24 | Mond Nickel Co Ltd | Methods of improving the oxidation resistance of hydrocarbon oils |
US4595514A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1986-06-17 | Union Oil Company Of California | Boron-containing heterocyclic compound and lubricating compositions containing same |
WO1986004601A1 (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Sulfur-containing compositions, and additive concentrates and lubricating oils containing same |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2056482A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1981-03-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubricating oil compositions |
-
1987
- 1987-02-27 GB GB878704682A patent/GB8704682D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-02-23 ZA ZA881262A patent/ZA881262B/en unknown
- 1988-02-26 NO NO880846A patent/NO172853C/en unknown
- 1988-02-26 ES ES88301712T patent/ES2045102T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-26 EP EP88301712A patent/EP0280580B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-26 AR AR88310181A patent/AR244317A1/en active
- 1988-02-26 CA CA000560012A patent/CA1306741C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-26 AU AU12351/88A patent/AU603186B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-02-26 DK DK103788A patent/DK103788A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-02-26 MY MYPI88000200A patent/MY103223A/en unknown
- 1988-02-26 DE DE8888301712T patent/DE3875630T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-26 BR BR8800835A patent/BR8800835A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-02-26 AT AT88301712T patent/ATE82020T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-26 MX MX010580A patent/MX170110B/en unknown
- 1988-02-27 KR KR1019880002058A patent/KR960014933B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-27 JP JP63045692A patent/JP2505019B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-04-17 SG SG500/93A patent/SG50093G/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2343756A (en) * | 1942-04-23 | 1944-03-07 | Du Pont | Lubricant |
US2356661A (en) * | 1942-04-23 | 1944-08-22 | Du Pont | Lubricating oil |
GB779825A (en) * | 1953-08-11 | 1957-07-24 | Mond Nickel Co Ltd | Methods of improving the oxidation resistance of hydrocarbon oils |
US4595514A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1986-06-17 | Union Oil Company Of California | Boron-containing heterocyclic compound and lubricating compositions containing same |
WO1986004601A1 (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Sulfur-containing compositions, and additive concentrates and lubricating oils containing same |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0391649A2 (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-10-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Improved ashless lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines |
EP0391649A3 (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1991-03-20 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Improved ashless lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines |
EP0444830A1 (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1991-09-04 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited | Succinimide composition |
EP0814148A2 (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1997-12-29 | Oronite Japan Limited | Low phosphorous engine oil compositions and additive compositions |
EP0814148A3 (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1998-01-14 | Oronite Japan Limited | Low phosphorous engine oil compositions and additive compositions |
WO1995007962A1 (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1995-03-23 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricating compositions with improved antioxidancy |
US5994277A (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1999-11-30 | Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. | Lubricating compositions with improved antioxidancy comprising added copper, a molybdenum containing compound, aromatic amine and ZDDP |
WO1995025781A1 (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1995-09-28 | Exxon Chemical Limited | Lubricating compositions |
US5558805A (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1996-09-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Lubricating compositions |
WO1995031522A1 (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1995-11-23 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricating compositions |
US5731273A (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1998-03-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricating compositions |
WO2002018521A3 (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-05-10 | Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co | Low phosphorus lubricating oil composition |
WO2002018521A2 (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-03-07 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low phosphorus lubricating oil composition |
US7625847B2 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2009-12-01 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions |
US7563752B2 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2009-07-21 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions |
US7612025B2 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2009-11-03 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
EP1624043A3 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2009-06-24 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Power transmission fluids with enhanced extreme pressure and antiwear characteristics |
CN101583702B (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2013-11-13 | 卢布里佐尔公司 | Lubricant for hydrogen-fueled engines |
US8163681B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2012-04-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant for hydrogen-fueled engines |
WO2008079715A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-07-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant for hydrogen-fueled engines |
EP2337831A2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-06-29 | Chevron Oronite Company LLC | Lubricating oil composition |
EP2337831A4 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2012-05-23 | Chevron Oronite Co | Lubricating oil composition |
WO2023161795A1 (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubricating oil compositions |
EP4357443A1 (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2024-04-24 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricating oil compositions |
GB2623137A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-04-10 | Afton Chemical Corp | Corrosion inhibitor and industrial lubricant including the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0280580A3 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
SG50093G (en) | 1993-06-25 |
AU603186B2 (en) | 1990-11-08 |
JP2505019B2 (en) | 1996-06-05 |
NO880846L (en) | 1988-08-29 |
BR8800835A (en) | 1988-10-04 |
KR880010106A (en) | 1988-10-07 |
MY103223A (en) | 1993-05-29 |
DK103788D0 (en) | 1988-02-26 |
MX170110B (en) | 1993-09-09 |
CA1306741C (en) | 1992-08-25 |
ATE82020T1 (en) | 1992-11-15 |
DK103788A (en) | 1988-08-28 |
JPS63304096A (en) | 1988-12-12 |
AR244317A1 (en) | 1993-10-29 |
DE3875630T2 (en) | 1993-03-18 |
AU1235188A (en) | 1988-09-01 |
KR960014933B1 (en) | 1996-10-21 |
NO880846D0 (en) | 1988-02-26 |
NO172853B (en) | 1993-06-07 |
ZA881262B (en) | 1988-08-22 |
NO172853C (en) | 1993-09-15 |
EP0280580B1 (en) | 1992-11-04 |
DE3875630D1 (en) | 1992-12-10 |
ES2045102T3 (en) | 1994-01-16 |
GB8704682D0 (en) | 1987-04-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0280579B1 (en) | Low phosphorus/low zinc lubricants | |
EP0280580B1 (en) | Low phosphorus lubricants | |
US4867890A (en) | Lubricating oil compositions containing ashless dispersant, zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphate, metal detergent and a copper compound | |
US4767551A (en) | Metal-containing lubricant compositions | |
US5994277A (en) | Lubricating compositions with improved antioxidancy comprising added copper, a molybdenum containing compound, aromatic amine and ZDDP | |
US4248720A (en) | Organo molybdenum friction-reducing antiwear additives | |
US5703023A (en) | Lubricants with enhanced low temperature properties | |
EP0141839B1 (en) | Phosphorus-containing metal salts/sulfurized phenate compositions/aromatic substituted triazoles, concentrates, and functional fluids containing same | |
GB2221474A (en) | Lubricating oil compositions containing salts of dithiophosphoric acid | |
CA2053918A1 (en) | High temperature functional fluids | |
AU608318B2 (en) | Sulphur-containing borate esters | |
US4153562A (en) | Antioxidants for low ash and medium ash lubricating oils | |
EP0516461B1 (en) | Lubricating oil compositions and concentrates and the use thereof | |
CA1119607A (en) | Alkyl phenol solutions of organo molybdenum complexes as friction reducing anitwear additives | |
GB2085431A (en) | Organo molybdenum friction- reducing antiwear additives |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19880324 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19900322 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: EXXON CHEMICAL PATENTS INC. |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19921104 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19921104 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19921104 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19921104 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 82020 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19921115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3875630 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19921210 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A. |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19930228 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2045102 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 88301712.1 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19951228 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19970227 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 88301712.1 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19980126 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19980127 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 19980212 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990227 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990901 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19991201 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20000208 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010228 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: EXXON CHEMICAL PATENTS INC. Effective date: 20010228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20010910 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20020108 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20020131 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030226 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031031 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050226 |