EP0279792B1 - Control system in the visible and/or infrared region, especially suitable for fire prevention - Google Patents
Control system in the visible and/or infrared region, especially suitable for fire prevention Download PDFInfo
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- EP0279792B1 EP0279792B1 EP88830060A EP88830060A EP0279792B1 EP 0279792 B1 EP0279792 B1 EP 0279792B1 EP 88830060 A EP88830060 A EP 88830060A EP 88830060 A EP88830060 A EP 88830060A EP 0279792 B1 EP0279792 B1 EP 0279792B1
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- fire
- control system
- fires
- visible light
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
- G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke
Definitions
- the object of the present invention is a control system which works in the field of visible light and / or in the area of infrared radiation, and is also particularly suitable for the prevention of fires, which eliminates the disadvantages mentioned and allows a very large one with a minimum of personnel To keep land area under control.
- the control system consists of a certain number of stations, each of which is composed of two or more video recording complexes, one sensitive to infrared radiation and the other sensitive to visible radiation, from a complex of photovoltaic feeders, completed by a battery of buffer accumulators, which Perform supply, from an anti-sabotage and lightning arrester device and from one or more sensors, which are suitable for measuring the speed of the wind, its direction, the temperature of the air and the degree of moisture.
- the control system is stored on specially designed latticework in order to be installed in particularly difficult areas.
- the information and images of the controlled zone are e.g. transmitted by radio links to the operational center, which is located at a location preferred by the user.
- the operational center unit which, as mentioned, receives the data, is provided with a computer, which is appropriately programmed and, after the data has been prepared, is able to provide all the information that is required both on the basis of the data supplied by the weather observation center and based on the vegetation present in the zone, allow the fire to be determined and its extent and its probable rate of spreading to be assessed.
- the data captured by the recording units and transferred from the operational center to the control unit are converted and printed by an electronic computer in the form of a matrix with very dense dots into digital signals, so together with precise information for determining the zone, the extent of the Fire and other important data to be passed to the extinguishing groups.
- both an alarm system and a protection system are provided, the latter being the subject of another property right.
- the visual control system and / or infrared control system particularly suitable for the prevention of fires, according to the present invention, turns out to be composed of the following components: one or more optoelectronic devices sensitive to the range of infrared radiation emitted by a fire; a recording unit, preferably equipped with a Newicon tube or other transducer, which is sensitive in the visible area; a telecommunication system of video information; Sensors which are suitable for measuring and measuring the speed and the direction of the wind, the temperature and the humidity; an electronic card, which allows the digital conversion of the pictures and the subsequent electronic processing.
- the quantity recorded by the units is preferably transmitted to the central control unit by means of a microwave radio link.
- the processing system delivers a pre-alarm signal before and then an alarm signal.
- the infrared recording unit can be automatically controlled remotely;
- a specially designated unit is provided, which is composed of a directional system, a two-way or set up radio connection for the transmission of the data and a programmable control card that operates the entirety.
- the unit is responsible for controlling the movements of the infrared recording units and for managing the images recorded by them. It provides the processing system with practically all the information that it needs, be it location information or visual information, and the system is also continuously analyzed for errors and the user is immediately informed of any malfunction in operation. It is also possible to program the control card so that combinations of sectors among a few predetermined ones are scanned by the recording units.
- the straightening system is equipped with position transducers (ENCODERS) for the orientation of the recording units during the scanning of the zone.
- ENCODERS position transducers
- the infrared system is supported by another in the "visible", whose control panel responds to precise security features, such as the transition from control of the infrared to that in the visible by means of a security key with automatic return to the "infrared" position, in the event that only one channel is used for video transmission alternately in the visible or infrared; in the case of two channels, on the other hand, the aforementioned key is not used.
- the control system in the area of visible light is equipped with the manual remote control of all functions of the television camera: an azimuthal and zenital swivel mechanism with regulation of the focal length and setting; a control panel; a radio link for data transmission and a microwave radio link for the transmission of the images.
- Each of the two connections is used alternately on command in the "visible" section or in the infrared section. This section works in conjunction with the previous section and it is this which provides the commands to the television camera of the visible.
- the radio link enables remote control of the azimuthal and zenital orientation as well as the regulation of the quick swivel and adjustment. It is extremely simple to operate and uses two industrial-style sticks.
- the images arriving at the collection station are digitized by an appropriate interface and processed by the electronic computer.
- the program which heads the research system, was created for the detection of illuminated spots "BRIGHT SPOT DETECTION SYSTEM", that is to say for a series of illuminated points, the strength of which lies above the calculated threshold.
- the digitized image must be cleaned of background noise and noise.
- the problem was solved analytically by dividing the image area into several zones: in each one a statistical analysis is carried out pixel by pixel with the aim of determining the ideal threshold value for each individual when the individual spots that may be present are extracted.
- the computer checks which of the spots determined exceeds the minimum extent, in terms of the number of pixels switched on; this extension is supplied as a date when the system is started up.
- the extent and the screen coordinates of the center of gravity of these spots are saved and a pre-alarm signal is printed out for the individual values.
- the program solves the latter problem by analyzing the development over time of the determined characteristic values: it compares the spots currently shown with those determined during the previous run.
- the first step is to determine whether the hearth will stop by checking whether the focus of the examined spots in the neighborhood corresponds to one of the spots belonging to the previous search.
- the radius of this area has a predefined value and is supplied when the system is started up. If continuity is determined, the "fire" alarm is triggered if the relationship between the current area of the spot and the previous area of the spot exceeds the specified value that is supplied when the system is started up (increase factor of the spot area).
- This alarm system is obvious because it allows the men to be alerted only when there is an actual need, thus avoiding wasted time and resources.
- the properties outlined so far can be changed due to the practical implementation and the technique of the area without leaving the scope of the invention, as it follows from the following claims.
Description
Es ist bekannt das , dass eines der schwerwiegendsten Probleme während der warmen Jahreszeit , insbesondere in einigen italienischen Gebieten , aber auch in solchen anderer Länder , jenes der Brände ist ; jedes Jahr geraten grosse Ausdehnungen von Wald , Kulturen , usw. in Brand , sei es aufgrund natürlicher und/oder zufälliger Ursachen , sei es durch Verschulden von Übelgesinnten.It is known that one of the most serious problems during the warm season, especially in some Italian areas, but also in other countries, is that of fires; Every year large expanses of forest, crops, etc. catch fire, whether due to natural and / or accidental causes, or due to the fault of the evil-minded.
Die Folgen dieser Brände sind besonders schwerwiegend und betreffen sowohl eine Störung des hydrogeologischen Gleichgewichtes mit den konsequenten Erdrutschen und Überschwemmungen als auch eine natürliche Verarmung der ansässigen Bewohner , welche ein Einkommen aus dem Boden und dem Fremdenverkehr ziehen , welcher durch den Mangel an Grünland unc durch die Veränderung der Landschaft fern gehalten wird .The consequences of these fires are particularly serious and affect both a disturbance of the hydrogeological balance with the consequent landslides and floods as well as a natural impoverishment of the residents who draw an income from the soil and tourism, which is caused by the lack of grassland and by the Change in the landscape is kept away.
Die bisher zur Überwachung von hochgefährlichen Gebieten verwendeten Methoden beruhen grösstenteils auf der Sichtung des Brandherdes vonseiten einer Vedette , welche in einer gegenüber dem zu kontrollierenden Gebietsstreifen hohen Zone gesetzt ist . Es ist offensichtlich , dass diese vollkommen überholte Methode zahlreiche Nachteile aufweist : erstens , ausgesprochen übermässige Kosten ; zweitens , eine relative Zuverlässigkeit , zumal insbesondere im Sommer und tagsüber ein Brand in den ersten Phasen nur sichtbar ist , wenn eine reichliche Rauchentwicklung zugegen ist ; fehlt dieses Element , so wird der Posten , bzw. die Vedette , den Brand erst in einer weiter vorgeschrittenen Phase sichten , d.h. die Löschung wird sich viel schwieriger erweisen ; drittens , die dürftige Eingriffsgeschwindigkeit , zumal die Vedette , nur wenn sie eine einwandfreie Kenntnis des Gebietes hat , den Löschgruppen beschreiben kann , wo sich der Brand entwickelt , anderenfalls werden sich die Löschgruppen in Schwierigkeiten befinden das Gebiet rasch zu erreichen ; viertens , äusserst harte Arbeitsbedingungen in jeder Jahreszeit für die in der Überwachung beschäftigten Personen . Aus dem Dokument CA-A-921 598 ist ein umfangreiches Kontrollsystem zur Branderkennung bekannt, das im Bereich des sichtbaren Lichts und im Bereich der Infrarotstrahlung arbeitet.The methods previously used to monitor highly dangerous areas are largely based on the sighting of the source of the fire on the part of a Vedette, which is located in a strip opposite the area to be checked high zone is set. It is obvious that this completely outdated method has numerous disadvantages: first, extremely excessive costs; secondly, a relative reliability, especially since a fire is only visible in the first phases, especially in summer and during the day, if there is an abundance of smoke; if this element is missing, the item or the Vedette will only see the fire in a further advanced phase, ie extinguishing it will prove to be much more difficult; thirdly, the poor intervention speed, especially since the Vedette, only if it has a thorough knowledge of the area, can describe to the extinguishing groups where the fire is developing, otherwise the extinguishing groups will find it difficult to reach the area quickly; fourth, extremely hard working conditions in all seasons for the people working in surveillance. A comprehensive fire detection control system is known from document CA-A-921 598, which works in the area of visible light and in the area of infrared radiation.
Der Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Kontrollsystem das im Bereich des sichtbaren Lichts und/oder im Bereich der Infrarotstrahlung arbeitet , und außerdem besonders geeignet ist für die Verhütung von Bränden , welches die erwähnten Nachteile beseitigt und dabei gestattet mit einem Minimum an Personaleinsatz ein sehr grosses Landgebiet unter Kontrolle zu halten .The object of the present invention is a control system which works in the field of visible light and / or in the area of infrared radiation, and is also particularly suitable for the prevention of fires, which eliminates the disadvantages mentioned and allows a very large one with a minimum of personnel To keep land area under control.
Das erfindungsgemässe Kontrollsystem besteht aus einer gewissen Anzahl von Stationen , indem jede von diesen aus zwei oder mehreren Videoaufnahmekomplexen zusammengesetzt ist , wobei einer für Infrarotstrahlungen und der andere für die sichtbaren Strahlungen empfindlich ist , aus einem Komplex von photovoltaischen Speisern , die durch eine Batterie von Pufferakkumulatoren vervollständig sind , welche die Versorgung vollführen , aus einer Antisabotage- und Blitzableitervorrichtung und aus einem oder mehreren Sensoren , welche geeignet sind die Geschwindigkeit des Windes , dessen Richtung , die Temperatur der Luft und den Feuchtigkeitsgrad zu messen .The control system according to the invention consists of a certain number of stations, each of which is composed of two or more video recording complexes, one sensitive to infrared radiation and the other sensitive to visible radiation, from a complex of photovoltaic feeders, completed by a battery of buffer accumulators, which Perform supply, from an anti-sabotage and lightning arrester device and from one or more sensors, which are suitable for measuring the speed of the wind, its direction, the temperature of the air and the degree of moisture.
Das Kontrollsystem ist auf eigens dazu erdachten Gitterwerken gelagert , um auch in besonders unwegsamen Zonen installiert zu werden .The control system is stored on specially designed latticework in order to be installed in particularly difficult areas.
Die Informationen und die Bilder der kontrollierten Zone werden z.B. mittels Funkverbindungen auf die operative Zentrale übertragen , welche an einem vom Benutzer bevorzugten Ort gelegen ist .The information and images of the controlled zone are e.g. transmitted by radio links to the operational center, which is located at a location preferred by the user.
Die Einheit operative Zentrale , welcher wie erwähnt die Daten zukommen , ist mit einem Computer versehen , welcher zweckdienlich programmiert ist und nach der Ausarbeitung der Daten somit in der Lage ist alle jene Angaben zu liefern , welche sowohl aufgrund der von der Wetterbeobachtungsstelle gelieferten Daten als auch aufgrund des in der Zone zugegenen Pflanzewuches die Feststellung des Brandes und die Einschätzung seines Ausmasses und seiner wahrscheinlichen Verbreitungsgeschwindigkeit gestatten .The operational center unit, which, as mentioned, receives the data, is provided with a computer, which is appropriately programmed and, after the data has been prepared, is able to provide all the information that is required both on the basis of the data supplied by the weather observation center and based on the vegetation present in the zone, allow the fire to be determined and its extent and its probable rate of spreading to be assessed.
Immer von der operativen Zentrale aus ist es möglich sowohl automatisch als auch von Hand mittels eigens dazu vorgesehener Knüppel die Schwenkungen der Fernsehkameras des Sichtbaren zu bewerkstelligen , derart um so sehr weite Zonen des Gebietes zu kontrollieren .Always from the operative center, it is possible, both automatically and by hand, to move the television cameras of the visible using specially provided sticks, in order to control very wide areas of the area.
Die von den Aufnahmeeinheiten erfassten und von der operativen Zentrale auf die Kontrolleinheit übertragenen Daten werden von einem Elektronenrechner in Form einer Matrize mit sehr dichten Punkten in digitale Signale umgewandet und gedruckt , derart um so gemeinsam mit genauen Angaben für die Feststellung der Zone , des Ausmasses des Brandes und anderer wichtiger Daten den Löschgruppen übergeben werden zu können .The data captured by the recording units and transferred from the operational center to the control unit are converted and printed by an electronic computer in the form of a matrix with very dense dots into digital signals, so together with precise information for determining the zone, the extent of the Fire and other important data to be passed to the extinguishing groups.
Zwecks Vermeidung dass die Fernsehkameras Gegenstand vandalischer Handlungen sind , ist sowohl ein Alarmsystem als auch ein Schutzsystem vorgesehen , wobei letzters Gegenstand eines anderen Schutzrechtes ist .In order to avoid that the television cameras are subject to vandalism, both an alarm system and a protection system are provided, the latter being the subject of another property right.
Was bisher im wesentlichen angeführt kann anhand der nachstehenden Erläuterung des Erfindungsgenstandes besser verstanden werden .What has essentially been stated so far can be better understood from the following explanation of the subject matter of the invention.
Das Sichtkontrollsystem und/oder Infrarotkontrollsystem , besonders geeignet für die Verhütung von Bränden , gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung , stellt sich heraus aus folgenden Bestandteilen zusammengesetzt zu sein :
eine oder mehrere optoelektronische Vorrichtungen , welche gegen den Bereich der Infrarotstrahlungen empfindlich sind , die von einem Brand ausgestrahlt werden ;
eine vorzugsweise mit einer Newicon-Röhre oder anderem Wandler ausgestattete Aufnahmeeinheit , welche im Bereich des Sichtbaren empfindlich ist ;
ein Fernübertragungssystem der Video-Informationen ;
Sensoren , welche geeignet sind die Geschwindigkeit ud die Richtung des Windes , die Temperatur und die Feuchtigkeit zu erfassen , bzw. zu messen ;
eine Elektronikkarte , welche die digitale Umwandlung der Bilder und die anschliessende elektronische Verarbeitung gestattet .The visual control system and / or infrared control system , particularly suitable for the prevention of fires, according to the present invention, turns out to be composed of the following components:
one or more optoelectronic devices sensitive to the range of infrared radiation emitted by a fire;
a recording unit, preferably equipped with a Newicon tube or other transducer, which is sensitive in the visible area;
a telecommunication system of video information;
Sensors which are suitable for measuring and measuring the speed and the direction of the wind, the temperature and the humidity;
an electronic card, which allows the digital conversion of the pictures and the subsequent electronic processing.
Wie vorstenhend bereits angeführt wird das von den Einheiten erfasste Quantum vorzugsweise vermittels einer Mikrowellen-Funkverbindung auf die zentrale Kontrolleinheit übertragen .As already mentioned above, the quantity recorded by the units is preferably transmitted to the central control unit by means of a microwave radio link.
Hier wird es in digitale Signale umgewandelt , welche von einem Elektronikrechner in Form einer Matrize z.B. der Abmessung 256 x 256 oder auch 512 x 512 ausgearbeitet werden .Here it is converted into digital signals, which are processed by an electronic computer in the form of a matrix, for example with the dimensions 256 x 256 or 512 x 512.
Bei Anwesenheit eines Brandes liefert die Verarbeitungsanlage vorher ein Voralarmsignal und nachher ein Alarmsignal .In the presence of a fire, the processing system delivers a pre-alarm signal before and then an alarm signal.
Die Infrarotaufnahmeeinheit kann automatisch ferngesteuert werden ; um dies zu erreichen ist eine eigens dazu bestimmte Einheit vorgesehen , welche aus einem Richtsystem , aus einer zweigerichteten oder eingerichteten Funkverbindung für die Übertragung der Daten und aus einer programmierbaren Kontrollkarte , welche die Gesamtheit betreibt , zusammengesetzt ist . Die Einheit ist mit der Kontrolle der Bewegungen der Infrarotaufnahmeeinheiten und mit der Verwaltung der von diesen aufgenommenen Bildern betraut . Sie liefert dem Verarbeitungssystem praktisch alle jene Informationen , welche es benötigt , sei es Lageinformationen sei es Sichtinformationen , wobei weiters am System eine andauernde Analyse der Fehler verrichtet wird und der Benutzer von jeder beliebigen Störung im Betrieb unverzüglich informiert wird . Es ist weiters möglich die Kontrollkarte zu programmieren , damit von den Aufnahmeeinheiten Kombinationen von Sektoren unter einigen vorbestimmten abgetastet werden .The infrared recording unit can be automatically controlled remotely; In order to achieve this, a specially designated unit is provided, which is composed of a directional system, a two-way or set up radio connection for the transmission of the data and a programmable control card that operates the entirety. The unit is responsible for controlling the movements of the infrared recording units and for managing the images recorded by them. It provides the processing system with practically all the information that it needs, be it location information or visual information, and the system is also continuously analyzed for errors and the user is immediately informed of any malfunction in operation. It is also possible to program the control card so that combinations of sectors among a few predetermined ones are scanned by the recording units.
Das Richtsystem ist mit Lagewandlern (ENCODERS) für die Orientierung der Aufnahmeeinheiten während der Abtastung der Zone ausgestattet .The straightening system is equipped with position transducers (ENCODERS) for the orientation of the recording units during the scanning of the zone.
Das Infrarotsystem ist von einem anderen im "Sichtbaren" unterstützt , dessen Kontrollpaneel auf genaue Sicherheitsmerkmale anspricht , wie z.B. der Übergang von der Kontrolle des Infraroten auf jene im Sichtbaren vermittels eines Sicherheitsschlüssels mit automatischer Rückkehr in die "infrarote" Stellung , im Fall dass ausschliesslich ein alleiniger Kanal für die Videoübertragung abwechselnd im Sichtbaren oder Infraroten verwendet wird ; im Fall von zwei Kanälen ist der vorgenannte Schlüssel hingegen unverwendet .The infrared system is supported by another in the "visible", whose control panel responds to precise security features, such as the transition from control of the infrared to that in the visible by means of a security key with automatic return to the "infrared" position, in the event that only one channel is used for video transmission alternately in the visible or infrared; in the case of two channels, on the other hand, the aforementioned key is not used.
Das Kontrollsystem im Bereich des sichtbaren Lichts ist mit der Handfernsteuerung aller Funktionen der Fernsehkamera versehen : ein azimutaler und zenitaler Schwenkmechanismus mit Regelung der Brennlänge und Einstellung ; eine Kontrolltafel ; eine Funkverbindung für Datenübertragung und eine Mikrowellen-Funkverbindung für die Übertragung der Bilder . Jede der beiden Verbindungen wird abwechselnd auf Befehl im "sichbaren" Abschnitt oder im Infrarotabschnitt verwendet . Dieser Abschnitt wirkt in Verknüpfung mit dem vorherigen Abschnitt und es ist dieser , welcher der Fernsehkamera des Sichtbaren die Befehle liefert . Vermittels der Funkverbindung ermöglicht man die Fernsteuerung der azimutalen und zenitalen Orientierung sowie die Regelungen der Schnellschwenkung und Einstellung . Sein Betrieb ist äusserst einfach und erfolgt mittels zweier Knüppel industrieller Art .The control system in the area of visible light is equipped with the manual remote control of all functions of the television camera: an azimuthal and zenital swivel mechanism with regulation of the focal length and setting; a control panel; a radio link for data transmission and a microwave radio link for the transmission of the images. Each of the two connections is used alternately on command in the "visible" section or in the infrared section. This section works in conjunction with the previous section and it is this which provides the commands to the television camera of the visible. The radio link enables remote control of the azimuthal and zenital orientation as well as the regulation of the quick swivel and adjustment. It is extremely simple to operate and uses two industrial-style sticks.
Wie bereits früher angedeutet, werden die bei der Erhebungsstation eingehenden Bilder durch ein entsprechendes Interface digitalisiert und vom elektronischen Rechner verarbeitet.
Das Programm, das das Forschungssystem leitet, wurde zur Ermittlung von Leuchtspots "BRIGHT SPOT DETECTION SYSTEM" erstellt, das heißt fuer eine Reihe von Leuchtpunkten, deren Stärke über der errechneten Schwelle liegt. Dazu muss das digitalisierte Bild von Hintergrundstoerungen und -geräuschen gereinigt werden. Das Problem wurde analytisch gelöst, indem die Bildfläche in mehrere Zonen unterteilt wurde: in einer jeden wird Pixel fuer Pixel eine statistische Untersuchung mit dem Ziel angestellt, für jedes einzelne den idealen Schwellenwert bei Auszug der eventuell vorhandenen einzelnen Spots zu ermitteln. Wenn dieser Punkt erreicht ist, prüft der Rechner, welcher der ermittelten Spots die Mindestausdehnung übersteigt, was die Anzahl der eingeschalteten Pixel anbetrifft; diese Ausdehnung wird bei Anfahren des Systems als Datum geliefert.
Die Ausdehnung und die Bildschirmkoordinaten des Schwerpunkts dieser Spots werden gespeichert und für die einzelnen Werte wird ein Voralarmsignal ausgedruckt.
Somit ist bekannt, daß in dem untersuchten Bereich Infrarotquellen der von uns untersuchten Art vorhanden sind, aber wir sind noch nicht sicher, daß es sich um von Menschen nicht kontrollierte Feuerherde handelt.
Das Programm löst das letztere Problem durch Analyse der zeitlichen Entwicklung der ermittelten Kennwerte: es vergleicht die gegenwärtig aufgezeigten Spots mit den beim vorausgegangenen Lauf ermittelten. Der erste Schritt bezieht sich auf die Festlegung, ob der Feuerherd anhält, indem man prüft, ob der Schwerpunkt der untersuchten Spots sich in der Nachbarschaft einem der dem vorausgegangenen Suchlauf angehördenden Spots entspricht. Der Radius dieses Bereichs besitzt einen vorab festgelegten Wert und wird beim Anfahren des Systems geliefert.
Falls ein Fortbestand ermittelt wird, ergeht der "Feuer" Alarm wenn die Beziehung gegenwaertige Fläche des Spots/vorhergehende Fläche des Spots den festgelegten Wert übertrifft, der bei Anfahren des Systems geliefert wird (Steigerungsfaktor der Spotfläche). Die Bedeutung dieses Alarmsystems ist offenkundig, denn es gestattet, die Männer nur im Falle einer tatsächlichen Notwendigkeit zu alarmieren und somit eine Verschwendung von Zeit und Mitteln zu vermeiden. Die bisher in großen Zügen dargelegten Eigenschaften koennen aufgrund der praktischen Umsetzung und der Technik der Bereiches geändert werden, ohne den Bereich der Erfindung zu verlassen, so wie er aus den nachstehenden Patentansprüchen hervorgeht.As indicated earlier, the images arriving at the collection station are digitized by an appropriate interface and processed by the electronic computer.
The program, which heads the research system, was created for the detection of illuminated spots "BRIGHT SPOT DETECTION SYSTEM", that is to say for a series of illuminated points, the strength of which lies above the calculated threshold. To do this, the digitized image must be cleaned of background noise and noise. The problem was solved analytically by dividing the image area into several zones: in each one a statistical analysis is carried out pixel by pixel with the aim of determining the ideal threshold value for each individual when the individual spots that may be present are extracted. When this point is reached, the computer checks which of the spots determined exceeds the minimum extent, in terms of the number of pixels switched on; this extension is supplied as a date when the system is started up.
The extent and the screen coordinates of the center of gravity of these spots are saved and a pre-alarm signal is printed out for the individual values.
Thus, it is known that there are infrared sources of the type we have investigated in the area under investigation, but we are not yet certain that the fire is not controlled by humans.
The program solves the latter problem by analyzing the development over time of the determined characteristic values: it compares the spots currently shown with those determined during the previous run. The first step is to determine whether the hearth will stop by checking whether the focus of the examined spots in the neighborhood corresponds to one of the spots belonging to the previous search. The radius of this area has a predefined value and is supplied when the system is started up.
If continuity is determined, the "fire" alarm is triggered if the relationship between the current area of the spot and the previous area of the spot exceeds the specified value that is supplied when the system is started up (increase factor of the spot area). The importance of this alarm system is obvious because it allows the men to be alerted only when there is an actual need, thus avoiding wasted time and resources. The properties outlined so far can be changed due to the practical implementation and the technique of the area without leaving the scope of the invention, as it follows from the following claims.
Claims (4)
- The control system,which works mainly in the realm of visible light and/or in that of infrared radiation, and which was developed for the prevention of fires, from which it is characterized by consisting of a set number of stations, which are established from time to time, with two or more video recording (reception) devices, some of which respond to infrared radiation and the others to visible light radiation; these stations,moreover,consist of recognized means for detecting the speed and direction of the wind, the temperature of the air, and the relative humidity. From these stations,then, the information and images are transmitted to the central operational unit, the data arrive by means of well-known procedures, and this centrale operational unit is equipped with a suitably programmed computer which is able to supply all the data, after transforming them, that make it possible to ascertain the presence of a fire, to estimate its extent and the probable speed at which it will spread, based both on the data furnished by the stations and on the vegetation present in the area, and from which, in an automated system of image transformation the hub, the surface, and the fires are localized by lenticular reflectors.
- The control system ,according to the previous claim is characterized by the fact that the data localized by the recording unit and the data transmitted by the activity center are transformed and communicated to the control unity by means of a computer in the form of a very compact point matrix in the digital signal, so that fire-fighting teams can be made available,together with the exact data for ascertaining the area,the perimeter of the fire, and other necessary data .
- The control system according to the previous claims, which was created specifically for the prevention of fires, and which is characterized by the fact that it contains a system for administering the fire alarm system piloted by a computer, which takes advantage of the use of images and, above all, of the lenticular reflectors, whose power is greater than a set input level, and which sets off the alarm only when, by means of various infrared or visible light passages, the ratio of the current surface area of the lenticular reflectors over the preceding surface are of the lenticular reflectors is greater than the value wich had previously been established when the system was put in operation.
- The control system,according to the previous claims, which was created primarily for the prevention of fires, and which is marked by the fact the part of the system that operates in the realm of visible light can be activated automatically using the data gleaned from the verification of the infrared images and can be aligned with the center of the fire .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT4765987 | 1987-02-19 | ||
| IT8747659A IT1206251B (en) | 1987-02-19 | 1987-02-19 | VISIBLE AND / OR INFRARED CONTROL SYSTEM PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR FIRE PREVENTION |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0279792A2 EP0279792A2 (en) | 1988-08-24 |
| EP0279792A3 EP0279792A3 (en) | 1990-05-30 |
| EP0279792B1 true EP0279792B1 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
Family
ID=11261730
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88830060A Expired - Lifetime EP0279792B1 (en) | 1987-02-19 | 1988-02-19 | Control system in the visible and/or infrared region, especially suitable for fire prevention |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0279792B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3852047D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2065926T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3015042T3 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1206251B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5734335A (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1998-03-31 | Finmeccanica S.P.A. | Forest surveillance and monitoring system for the early detection and reporting of forest fires |
| ES2070710B1 (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1997-05-01 | Nacional Bazan De Construccion | SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AND DETECTION OF HEAT SPOTS IN OPEN AREAS. |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA921598A (en) * | 1969-12-29 | 1973-02-20 | Byron Melville | Television surveillance system |
| FR2224818A1 (en) * | 1973-04-05 | 1974-10-31 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Forest fire detection appts - responsive to visible or infra red radiation in area surrounding observation post |
| FR2541484B1 (en) * | 1983-01-13 | 1986-06-13 | Brown De Colstoun Francois | METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF A SOURCE OF HEAT IN PARTICULAR OF A FOREST FIRE IN A MONITORED AREA, AND SYSTEM FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
-
1987
- 1987-02-19 IT IT8747659A patent/IT1206251B/en active
-
1988
- 1988-02-19 DE DE3852047T patent/DE3852047D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-19 EP EP88830060A patent/EP0279792B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-19 ES ES88830060T patent/ES2065926T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-02-09 GR GR950400274T patent/GR3015042T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR3015042T3 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
| DE3852047D1 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
| ES2065926T3 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
| IT1206251B (en) | 1989-04-14 |
| EP0279792A3 (en) | 1990-05-30 |
| EP0279792A2 (en) | 1988-08-24 |
| IT8747659A0 (en) | 1987-02-19 |
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