EP0279677A2 - Künstliche Daunen - Google Patents
Künstliche Daunen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0279677A2 EP0279677A2 EP88301381A EP88301381A EP0279677A2 EP 0279677 A2 EP0279677 A2 EP 0279677A2 EP 88301381 A EP88301381 A EP 88301381A EP 88301381 A EP88301381 A EP 88301381A EP 0279677 A2 EP0279677 A2 EP 0279677A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- macrofibres
- bonding
- fibre
- assemblage
- fibres
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41G—ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS; WIGS; MASKS; FEATHERS
- A41G11/00—Artificial feathers
- A41G11/02—Implements or machines for making artificial feathers
Definitions
- This invention relates to synthetic down and has particular reference to light-weight thermal insulation systems which can be achieved by the use of fine fibres in low density assemblies.
- This material approaches, and in some cases exceeds the thermal insulating properties of natural down.
- a synthetic fibre thermal insulator material in the form of a cohesive fibre structure which structure comprises an assemblage of:
- the invention also includes a method of forming a thermal insulating material which method comprises forming a fibre assemblage comprising
- the resultant fibre assemblage has a radiation parameter defined as the intercept on the ordinate axis at zero density of a plot of K C P F against P F less than 0.173 (W/m-K);(kg/m3) and a density P F from 3.2 to 9.6 kg/m3 and an apparent thermal conductivity K C measured by the plate to plate method according to ASTM C518 with a heat flow down of less than 0.072 W/m-K.
- Microfibres and macrofibres for use in the present invention may be manufactured from polyester, nylon, rayon, acetate , acrylic, modacrylic, polyolefins, spandex, polyaramids, polyimides, fluorocarbons, polybenzimidazols, polyvinylalcohols, polydiacetylenes, polyetherketones, polyimidazols and phenylene sulphide polymers such as those commercially available under the trade name RYTON.
- microfibres are drawn following extrusion to impart tensile modulus of at least 63 grams per d.tex.
- the bonding may be effected between at least some of the macrofibres to form a supporting structure for the microfibres, or may be between both macrofibres and some of the microfibres at their various contact points.
- the macrofibres may be selected from the same material and may be either the same as the microfibres or different.
- microfibres are formed from polyethylene terephthalate and the macrofibres are selected from polyethylene terephthalate or a polyaramid, such for example, as that commercially available under the Trade Mark "Kevlar”.
- the macrofibres can be monofibres, i.e. fibres having a substantially uniform structure or may be multi-component fibres having a moiety to facilitate macrofibre to macrofibre bonding.
- the macrofibre may be a fibre mixture in which at least 10% by weight comprises macrofibres of a lower melting point thermoplastic material to assist the macrofibre to macrofibre bonding.
- the macrofibres may be a fibre mixture comprising multi-component macrofibres and a monocomponent macrofibre capable of bonding one with the other.
- the macro component fibre may be a mix or blend of macrofibres having different properties for example, a macro fibre mix may comprise two or more different fibres such as a polyester fibre to give the desired bonding and a "Kevlar" fibre to give stiffness.
- the proportion of stiffening fibre to bonding fibre may be varied to provide different properties subject to the requirement that the proportion of bondable fibres is sufficient for the macrofibre structure to provide an open support for the microfibres as hereinafter described.
- Some materials such for example as polyphenylene sulphide fibres, aromatic polyamides of the type commercially available under the trade name "APYIEL", and polyimide fibres such as those manufactured by Lenzing AG of Austria, exhibit flame retardant properties or are non-flammable. Such materials can, therefore, confer improved flame or fire resistant properties on manufactured products containing the materials in accordance with the present invention. Methods of manufacturing such fibres are well known, see for example, United States Patent Specification No. 4,148,103.
- Useful two component fibres include type TJ04S2, a side-by-side polyester/polyester material and type TJ04C2, a sheath/core polyester/polyester material, both available from Messrs. Teijin Ltd., of Japan.
- the bonding in the structures in accordance with the invention is preferably, principally between the fibres of the macrofibre component at their contact points.
- the purpose of the macrofibre to macrofibre bonding is to form a supporting structure for the microfibre component, said supporting structure contributing significantly to the mechanical properties of the insulating material.
- Any means of bonding between the macrofibres may be employed such, for example, as by the addition of solid, gaseous or liquid bonding agents whether thermoplastic or thermosetting or by the provision of autologous bonds in which the fibres are caused to bond directly through the action of an intermediary chemical or physical agent.
- the method of bonding is not critical, subject only to the requirement that the bonding should be carried out under conditions such that the macrofibre component, does not lose its structural integrity. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that any bonding will affect the thermal properties adversely; the bonding step needs, therefore, to be conducted to maintain the physical properties and dimensions of the fibre components and the assemblage as much as possible.
- the thermal insulating properties of the bonded assemblage are preferably substantially the same as, or not significantly less than, thermal insulating properties of a similar unbonded assemblage.
- bonding within the structure may be effected by heating the assemblage of fibres for a time and at a temperature sufficient to cause the fibres to bond.
- Such heating period may be at a temperature of from about 125° C (257°F) to 225°C (437°F) for a period of the order of 1 minute to 10 minutes and preferably at a temperature of from about 140°C (284°F) to 200°C (392°F) for a period of about 3 to 7 minutes; these periods are, of course, dependent upon the material the macrofibre component.
- microfibres and optionally also the macrofibres constituting the assemblage of the invention may be crimped to assist in the production of low density intimate blend or assemblage of the two components. Crimping techniques are well known in the art, but the average crimp number for both microfibres and macrofibres is preferably within the range of 3 to 8 crimps/cm (8 to 20 crimps per inch). The presence of crimp further assists re-establishment of loft in the fibre assembly after compression or wetting.
- the microfibres may have a tensile modulus of from 36 to 81 gm/dtex (40 to 90 grams/denier). This relatively high tensile modulus contributes to a high bending modulus in the material of the invention and assists with the mechanical performance of the material in accordance with the invention.
- lubricants may be included in one or both components of the assemblage.
- Typical lubricants are aqueous solutions of organopolysiloxanes, emulsions of poytetrafluoroethylene and non-ionic surfactants. Such lubricants may be applied to the fibres by spray or dip techniques well known in the art.
- the assemblage of macrofibres and microfibres may be a batt consisting of plied card-laps although other fibrous forms such as air-laid webs are equally suitable. Webs and batts in which some fibres are oriented in the through-the-thickness direction as well as in the primary sheet plane are of distinct advantage from a mechanical performance standpoint. Webs of continuous filaments whether spun, bonded or otherwise produced may be used.
- the assemblage may be in the form of clusters or balls.
- clusters can be prepared by hand or through the use of commercially available machinery such as automatic dicing, tumbling or ball-rolling machinery.
- Batts or clusters in accordance with the invention may achieve densities comparable to the densities of natural down, i.e. of the order of less than 16 kg/m3 (1.0 lb/cu ft) and typically about 8 kg/m3 (0.5 lb/cu ft).
- the insulator material of this invention surprisingly provides extremely good recovery from compressional loading. Furthermore, since it is compatible with current down processing equipment, it represents a viable synthetic down replacement material both from a performance and a processing standpoint.
- Thermal insulating material in accordance with the present invention in the form of clusters tends to enjoy a more random orientation of the fibres. Thus, providing greater compressional recovery and more uniform properties. These clusters furthermore enjoy the advantage of being capable of being handled in established down handling and filling machinery.
- Such clusters may be made by shaping the fibre assemblage using "cotton ball" rolling machine. Typical machines suitable for this purpose are manufactured by Bodolay/Pratt Division of the Package Machinery Co., of Florida, USA, and by Internationale Verbandstoff-Fabrik of Switzerland.
- Density The volume of each insulator sample was determined by fixing two planar sample dimensions and then measuring thickness at 0.014 kPa (0.002 lb/in2) pressure. The mass of each sample divided by the volume thus obtained is the basis for density values reported herein.
- Thickness was measured at 0.014 kPa (0.002 lb/in2).
- Apparent thermal conductivity was measured in accord with the plate/sample/plate method described by ASTM Method C518.
- Compressional Strain Strain at 34.4 kPa (5lb/in2) , which was the maximum strain in the compressional recovery test sequence, was recorded for each test.
- Section 4.3.2 of Military Specification MIL-B-41826E describes a compressional-recovery test technique for fibrous batting that was adapted for this work.
- the essential difference between the Military Specification method and the one employed is the lower pressure at which initial thickness and recovered-to-thickness were measured.
- the measuring pressure in the specification is 0.07 kPa(0.01 lb/in2) whereas kPa (0.02 lb/in2) was used in this work.
- ASTM Method D1117 provided the starting point for development of the water absorption-capacity and absorption-time test used. However, wetted-sample weighings were made at frequent intervals during the first six hours of immersion and another weighing was made after twenty-four hours (Method D1117 requires only one wetted sample weighing). A unique sample-holder and a repeatable technique for draining excess water prior to each weighing were adopted after some initial experimentation.
- Drying Time After each absorption capacity test, weighings were made at one-half hour intervals as the sample air-dried on a wire rack in a 21°C (70°F), 65% r.h. atmosphere.
- Batt Cohesiveness A 5.1 cm (2 inch) thick, 14.5 cm (5.7 inch) diameter circular test-specimen was cut from each batt. Each specimen was gripped so that it could be pulled apart in the direction perpendicular to the batt plane, i.e. tensile tested in the through-the-thickness direction. Results were recorded in terms of tensile strain at the time of initial batt separation and expressed as extension ratios, which are defined as the ratio of the batt thickness at separation or disruption to the original batt thickness under zero applied load.
- Cluster Cohesiveness Individual clusters weighing 60 mg., and having diameters of 3.05 to 3.15 cm (1.20 to 1.25 inches) were mounted in light-weight. spring-action jaws in a tensile test machine. The jaw faces were lined with rubber and measured 0.64 x 0.64 cm (0.25 x 0.25 inches); they were spaced to provide an initial separation (gauge length) of 1.91 cm (0.75 inch). The maximum force attained as each cluster was drawn apart and fully separated was recorded.
- down used throughout the examples was actually a down/feathers mixture, 80/20 by weight, per MIL-F-43097G, Type II, Class I. This mixture is commonly and commercially referred to as “down” and is referred to as “down” herein.
- Comparative Example 1 The procedure of Comparative Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the macrofibre used therein was replaced with 20 percent by weight of uncrimped poly(p-phenylene teraphthalamide) fibres having a diameter of 12 microns, a length of 7.6 (3.0 in), and a silicone lubricant finish.
- the physical characteristics of the material formed are given in Table I below.
- a quantity of 0.55 dtex (0.5 denier) 7.5 micron diameter polyester microfibre that had been spun, drawn, cut to a staple length of 3.0 cm (1.2 in) and crimped was first opened in a wire-clothed carding machine. The opened fibre was then scoured, dried and treated with a silicone finish that imparts lubricity and water repellency. The microfibre was then combined and uniformly blended with a 4.4 dtex, 5.1 cm (4 denier, 2 in) long polyester binder fibre of the side-by-side type (Type TJO4S2, available from Teijin). Blending was achieved by subjecting the mixed fibre stock to several passes through a carding machine.
- the mixture ratio was 90/10, microfibre/binder macrofibre, by weight.
- card laps output webs from the carding machine
- the final processing step was oven exposure of the batts at 160°C (320°F) for 5 minutes to obtain thermoplastic bonds between microfibres and binder macrofibres and between binder macrofibres. These bonds ensured that each batt was a cohesive, non-separable fibrous assembly.
- a quantity of 0.55 dtex (0.5 denier) 7.5 micron diameter polyester microfibre that had been spun, drawn, cut to a staple length of 3.0 cm (1.2 in), and crimped was first opened in a wire-clothed carding machine. The opened fibre was then scoured, dried and treated with a silicone finish that imparts lubricity and water repellency. The microfibre was then combined and uniformly blended with 4.4 dtex, 5.1cm (4 denier, 2 in) long, polyester binder fibre of the side-by-side type (TJ0452, available from Teijin). Blending was achieved by subjecting the mixed fibre stock to several passes through a carding machine.
- the mixture ratio was 90/10, microfibre/binder macrofibre, by weight.
- the card lap output of the carding machine
- Cluster formation was achieved in the laboratory through hand manipulation, although at least two commercial processes for transforming carded fibres into clusters or balls are known.
- the final processing step was oven exposure of the down-like clusters to a temperature of 160° C (320°F) for 5 minutes to obtain thermoplastic bonds between microfibres and binder macrofibres and between binder macrofibres. These bonds made each individual cluster a cohesive, non-separable unit.
- a quantity of 0.55 dtex (0.5 denier) 7.5 micron diameter polyester microfibre that had been spun, drawn, cut to a staple length of 3.0 cm (1.2 in), and crimped was first opened in a wire-clothed carding machine. The opened fibre was then scoured, dried and treated with a silicone finish that imparts lubricity and water repellency. The microfibre was then combined and uniformly blended with 4.4 dtex, 5.1 cm (4 denier, 2 in) long, polyester binder fibre of the side-by-side type (Type TJ04S2, available from Teijin). Blending was achieved by subjecting the mixed fibre stock to several passes through a carding machine. The mixture ratio was 85/15, microfibre/binder macrofibre by weight.
- card laps output webs from the carding machine
- card laps output webs from the carding machine
- the final processing step was oven exposure of the batts at 160°C (320°F) for 5 minutes to obtain thermoplastic bonds between microfibres and binder macrofibres and between binder macrofibres. These bonds ensured that each batt was a cohesive, non-separable fibrous assembly.
- the insulator produced in this example was used to manufacture jackets, sleeping bags and quilts. All were found to have and maintain thermal insulating performance equivalent to or better than those using down as the insulator.
- a quantity of 0.55 dtex (0.5 denier), 7.5 diameter polyester microfibre that had been spun, drawn cut to a staple length of 3.0 cm (1.2 in), and crimped was first opened in a wire-clothed carding machine. The opened fibre was then scoured, dried and treated with a silicone finish that imparts lubricity and water repellency. The microfibre was then combined and uniformly blended with 4.4 dtex, 5.1 cm (4 denier, 2 in) long, polyester binder fibre of the side-by-side type (Type TJ04S2, available from Teijin). Blending was achieved by subjecting the mixed fibre stock to several passes through a carding machine. The mixture ratio was 85/15 microfibre/binder macrofibre, by weight.
- the card lap (output of the carding machine) was separated into clusters. These clusters were more or less spherical in shape with an average diameter of 1.91 cm (0.75 in) and an average weight of 15 mg. Cluster formation was achieved in laboratory through hand manipulation, although at least two commercial processes for transforming carded fibres into clusters or batts are known.
- the final processing step was oven exposure of the down-like clusters to a temperature of 160° C (320° F) for 5 minutes to obtain thermoplastic bonds between microfibres and binder macrofibres and between binder macrofibres. These bonds made each individual cluster a cohesive, non-separable unit.
- a quantity of 0.55 dtex (0.5 denier), 7.5 micron diameter polyester microfibre that had been spun, drawn, cut to a staple length of 3.0 cm (1.2 in), and crimped was first opened in a wire-clothed carding machine. The opened fibre was then scoured, dried, and treated with a silicone finish that imparts lubricity and water repellency. The microfibre was then combined and uniformly blended with 4.4 dtex, 5.1 cm (4 denier, 2 in) long, polyester binder fibre of the side-by-side type (Type TJO452, available from Teijin). Blending was achieved by subjecting the mixed fibre stock to several passes through a carding machine.
- card laps output webs from the carding machine
- card laps output webs from the carding machine
- the final processing step was oven exposure of the batts at 160° C (320°F) for 5 minutes to obtain thermoplastic bonds between microfibres and binder macrofibres and between binder macrofibres. These bonds ensured that each batt was a cohesive, non-separable fibrous assembly.
- a quantity of 0.55 dtex (0.5 denier) 7.5 micron diameter polyester microfibre that had been spun, drawn, cut to a staple length of 3.0 cm (1.2 in), and crimped was first opened in a wire-clothed carding machine.
- the opened fibre was then scoured, dried and treated with a silicone finish that imparts lubricity and water repellency.
- the microfibre was then combed and uniformly blended with 4.4 dtex, 5.1 cm (4 denier, 2 in) long, polyester binder fibre of the side-by-side type (Type TJ04S2, available from Teijin). Blending was achieved by subjecting the mixed fibre stock to several passes through a carding machine.
- the mixture ratio was 80/20, microfibre/binder macrofibre, by weight.
- the card lap output of the carding machine
- Clusters were more or less spherical in shape with an average diameter of 1.91 cm (0.75 in) and an average weight of 15 mg. Cluster formation was achieved in the laboratory through hand manipulation.
- the final processing step was oven exposure of the down-like clusters to a temperature of 160°C (320°F) for 5 minutes to obtain thermoplastic bonds between microfibres and binder macrofibres and between binder macrofibres. These bonds made each individual cluster a cohesive, non-separable unit.
- An aggregation of clusters like those of Examples 2, 4 and 6 constitutes a collection of fibres of random orientation. This is in distinct contrast to the ordered fibre orientation of the batt form. A large fraction of the fibres that comprise each batt lie more or less parallel to the plane of the batt, contributing relatively little to its loftiness and compressional elasticity.
- the random fibre alignment provides some fibres that are perpendicular to, or nearly perpendicular to, the insulator plane. These fibres are, in effect, structural columns. They improve the loftiness of the assembly and, through elastic bending and/or buckling, greatly enhance the compressional recovery of the insulator.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated to produce another batt having a fibre mixture ratio of 90/10, microfibre/binder macrofibre by weight. However, the final processing step described for Example 1, oven exposure was omitted to provide a non-bonded batt for comparative purposes.
- Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 was repeated to produce another batt having a fibre mixture ratio of 80/20, microfibre/binder macrofibre by weight. However, the final processing step described for Example 5, oven exposure, was omitted to provide a non-bonded batt for comparative purposes.
- Example 4 The basic procedure of Example 4 was repeated to produce another collection of clusters having a fibre mixture ratio of 85/15 microfibre/binder macrofibre, by weight, with the exception that the final oven exposure step was omitted.
- the clusters produced differed from those of Example 4 in that their average diameter was 3.0 cm (1.2 in), their average weight was 60 mg, and they were not bonded.
- Example 4 The basic procedure of Example 4 was repeated to produce another collection of clusters having a fibre mixture ratio of 85/15, microfibre/binder macrofibre by weight.
- the clusters produced differed from those of Example 4 only in size and weight.
- the clusters of this example like those of Comparative Example 5, had an average diameter of 3.0 cm (1.2 in), and an average weight of 60 mg.
- the clusters of the present example were, however, subjected to oven exposure at 160° C (320° F) for 5 minutes to obtain thermoplastic bonds between microfibres and binder macrofibres and between binder macrofibres.
- Insulating batts of Examples 1 and 5 of the subject invention and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were evaluated, the batt cohesiveness test previously herein described being used, and the results are set forth in the following table.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 are alike in terms of types of fibres and proportional quantities of fibres that they contain and (2) that they differ in that only the batt of Example 1 has been subjected to oven exposure to achieve fibre-to-fibre bonding.
- batts of Example 5 and Comparative Example 4 are alike in basic composition but differ in that only Example 5 contains fibre-to-fibre bonds.
- Bonded structures were produced in the manner described in Example 1 using a mix of macrofibres.
- the microfibres are a 0.55 dtex (0.5 denier) polyester fibre.
- the macrofibres were a blend of a 4 denier polyester binder fibre as described in Example 1 with a 1.5 dtex (1.4 denier) stiffening fibre of "Kevlar 49".
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88301381T ATE89696T1 (de) | 1987-02-20 | 1988-02-18 | Kuenstliche daunen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US1747287A | 1987-02-20 | 1987-02-20 | |
US17472 | 1987-02-20 | ||
GB878718330A GB8718330D0 (en) | 1987-08-03 | 1987-08-03 | Synthetic down |
GB8718330 | 1987-08-03 | ||
GB878728582A GB8728582D0 (en) | 1987-12-07 | 1987-12-07 | Improvements in & relating to synthetic down |
GB8728582 | 1987-12-07 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0279677A2 true EP0279677A2 (de) | 1988-08-24 |
EP0279677A3 EP0279677A3 (en) | 1990-01-17 |
EP0279677B1 EP0279677B1 (de) | 1993-05-26 |
Family
ID=27263536
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880301381 Expired - Lifetime EP0279677B1 (de) | 1987-02-20 | 1988-02-18 | Künstliche Daunen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0279677B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1318118C (de) |
DE (1) | DE3881230T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2040332T3 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0571884A1 (de) * | 1992-05-27 | 1993-12-01 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Verbundwerkstoffe enthaltend Fäden aus Polyetherketonen |
EP0683280A1 (de) * | 1994-05-17 | 1995-11-22 | M. Faist GmbH & Co. KG | Schallabsorbierendes und thermisch isolierendes Bauteil |
WO2004008897A1 (de) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-29 | Thermobalance Ag | Daunenähnliches füllmaterial und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
WO2014100178A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for fabricating water repellent thermal insulation nonwoven material and water repellent thermal insulation nonwoven material |
WO2014116439A1 (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2014-07-31 | Primaloft, Inc. | Blowable insulation material with enhanced durability and water repellency |
DE102016224251A1 (de) | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-07 | Adidas Ag | Wärmedämmende Struktur |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014002060B4 (de) | 2014-02-18 | 2018-01-18 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Volumenvliesstoffe, Verwendungen davon und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD211711A1 (de) * | 1982-11-29 | 1984-07-25 | Forschungszentrum Fuer Textilt | Verfahren zur herstellung kuenstlicher bettfedern |
US4588635A (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1986-05-13 | Albany International Corp. | Synthetic down |
-
1988
- 1988-02-18 DE DE19883881230 patent/DE3881230T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-18 ES ES88301381T patent/ES2040332T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-18 EP EP19880301381 patent/EP0279677B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-22 CA CA000559456A patent/CA1318118C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD211711A1 (de) * | 1982-11-29 | 1984-07-25 | Forschungszentrum Fuer Textilt | Verfahren zur herstellung kuenstlicher bettfedern |
US4588635A (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1986-05-13 | Albany International Corp. | Synthetic down |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0571884A1 (de) * | 1992-05-27 | 1993-12-01 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Verbundwerkstoffe enthaltend Fäden aus Polyetherketonen |
EP0683280A1 (de) * | 1994-05-17 | 1995-11-22 | M. Faist GmbH & Co. KG | Schallabsorbierendes und thermisch isolierendes Bauteil |
WO2004008897A1 (de) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-29 | Thermobalance Ag | Daunenähnliches füllmaterial und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
WO2014100178A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for fabricating water repellent thermal insulation nonwoven material and water repellent thermal insulation nonwoven material |
WO2014116439A1 (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2014-07-31 | Primaloft, Inc. | Blowable insulation material with enhanced durability and water repellency |
US10266674B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2019-04-23 | Primaloft, Inc. | Blowable insulation material with enhanced durability and water repellency |
US10844197B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2020-11-24 | Primaloft, Inc. | Blowable insulation material with enhanced durability and water repellency |
DE102016224251A1 (de) | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-07 | Adidas Ag | Wärmedämmende Struktur |
EP3333295A1 (de) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-13 | Adidas AG | Wärmeisolierplatte |
DE102016224251B4 (de) | 2016-12-06 | 2019-02-28 | Adidas Ag | Wärmedämmende Struktur |
US10815592B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2020-10-27 | Adidas Ag | Thermal insulating structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1318118C (en) | 1993-05-25 |
EP0279677A3 (en) | 1990-01-17 |
DE3881230T2 (de) | 1993-10-07 |
DE3881230D1 (de) | 1993-07-01 |
ES2040332T3 (es) | 1993-10-16 |
EP0279677B1 (de) | 1993-05-26 |
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