EP0278759B1

EP0278759B1 - A clipper blade

Info

Publication number: EP0278759B1
Application number: EP19880301132
Authority: EP
Inventors: John Alun Harris Williams
Original assignee: Lister Shearing Equipment Ltd
Current assignee: Lister Shearing Equipment Ltd
Priority date: 1987-02-13
Filing date: 1988-02-11
Publication date: 1992-08-26
Anticipated expiration: 2008-02-11
Also published as: DE3873935D1; DE3873935T9; GB2202179B; EP0278759A1; GB2202179A; GB8703367D0; GB8803144D0; DE3873935T2

Description

The invention relates to a clipper blade assembly which is mounted, in use, on a handpiece for clipping, e.g., animal hair, and to a clipper blade for use in such an assembly.
Animal hair clipping devices usually include lower and upper blades known as a comb and a cutter provided with rows of teeth. The comb is normally attached to a stationary body section of a handpiece and the cutter is mounted for side-to-side reciprocal movement relative to the comb; drive for the cutter being effected by drive means on or connected to the handpiece.
In order to cut efficiently, it is important that the cutter and comb be in mutual contact and interengaging bearing surfaces are formed accurately for that purpose. Those bearing surfaces normally comprise first interengaging bearing surfaces formed on the teeth and adjacent portions of the blade and second interengaging bearing surfaces which are spaced from the first bearing surfaces. The cutter is urged against the comb, e.g., by spring means, to ensure close contact. Despite accurate forming of the bearing surfaces and such loading, the cutting action can be impaired if sections of clipped hair become trapped between the cutter and comb along the interengaging first bearing surfaces of the blades. The sections of hair can tend to act like tiny needle roller bearings which urge the cutter and comb apart slightly despite the aforesaid spring loading. Such a condition is frustrating for users of clippers as the only positive way of clearing the trapped hair is by dismantling the blades, cleaning them and re-assembling them on the handpiece. Not only is that a time consuming exercise, the loading (or "tension" as it is known in the art) needs to be re-set.
This problem has been addressed in US-A-3 093 902 where first and second bearing surfaces of each of the cutter and comb blades are formed with narrow cuts or grooves. The cuts of grooves in the first or forward bearing surfaces are positioned between the teeth and extend between roots of the teeth and a transverse groove between the first and second bearing surfaces. The cuts or grooves are intended to enable clippings to find their way out of the blade assembly without urging the blades apart. However the formation of such cuts or grooves require an additional machining operation which is disadvantageous.
An object of the present invention is to provide a clipper blade assembly and a clipper blade for use in such an assembly which will assist in overcoming the above disadvantage
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a clipper blade assembly comprising a first clipper blade which is assembled with a second clipper blade for movement one relative to the other to clip hair; said first clipper blade having a leading edge formed by tips of a row of teeth, a first bearing surface adjacent the leading edge for engagement with a first bearing surface of the second blade and a second bearing surface spaced rearwardly from the first bearing surface by a groove formed in the first blade and transversely oriented in relation to the teeth for engagement with a second bearing surface of the second blade, the transverse groove having an edge adjacent the first bearing surface of the first blade, the teeth having roots which intersect the plane containing the first bearing surface, the first bearing surface of the first blade comprising separate surface sections with spaces defined therebetween dimensioned such that hair trapped between a said surface section and the interengaging bearing surface of the second blade in one relative position of the blades will enter the space when the blades take up a different relative position during clipping movement to enable the hair to disengage the bearing surfaces, characterised in that the edge is positioned so as to lie at or forwardly of the intersection of the roots and the plane containing the first bearing surface so that the edge of the groove comprises a series of spaced apart separate edges extending from the respective surface sections.
Each space between the teeth is preferably substantial and may have a dimension in the direction of relative blade movement which is at least half the maximum width of the respective teeth in that direction. The use of such large spaces is very useful in that there is virtually no chance whatsoever of clipper hair bridging the gap between the separate surface sections even when rolling between the blades at a slightly oblique angle.
In order to maximise the size of the spaces, they may extend rearwardly for a substantial distance into a part of the first blade which is spaced from the bearing surface of the second blade. Preferably the distance is in excess of half the length of the separate surface sections which form the bearing surfaces of the first blade. The substantial length of the spaces not only provides good hair clearing capability but effectively increases the root to tip distance for the teeth giving the teeth an optimum degree of flexibility towards the root which helps to resist tooth fracture at the root region.
The teeth on the first blade may comprise first portions defining the separate surface sections and second portions extending rearwardly away from the first portions and spaced from the adjacent bearing surface or a surface to the rear of that bearing surface of the second blade. The second portions are preferably separated by the aforesaid spaces and form teeth sections extending between the surface sections and the roots.
Preferably the bearing surface on the second blade comprises portions formed by surfaces of the teeth and a continuous portion adjacent the teeth and extending substantially edge to edge of the blade. In such a case, the second portions of the teeth of the first blade and the spaces therebetween may extend rearwardly across the said continuous portion of the bearing surface of the second blade and/or across a further portion of the second blade to the rear of said continuous portion.
The arrangement of the second portion and spaces in that way provides good clearance between the first blade and the continuous bearing surface portion of the second blade to optimise disengagement of trapped hair from the bearing surfaces.
Preferably the second portions of the teeth on the first blade are defined by a surface of said groove formed in the blade. Each of the spaced apart separate edges of the groove adjacent the first bearing surface of the first blade may be inclined so as to be parallel with inclined said leading edges of the teeth.
For optimum bearing area and tooth strength coupled with good clipping characteristics, each separate surface section forming the first bearing surface may be in the form of a triangle having two straight sides converging towards said leading edge and a base formed by one of said separate edges of the groove.
The invention also includes a clipper handpiece having thereon an assembly according to any of the eight immediately preceding paragraphs.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a clipper blade having the features of the first blade as set forth in the first aspect of the invention or any of the consistory clauses related thereto.
A clipper blade assembly in accordance with invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-

Fig.1 is a perspective view of an assembled cutter and comb of known kind shown partly broken away, the cutter constituting the aforesaid first blade,
Fig.2 is a cross-section through the cutter and comb of Fig.1 in position on a handpiece,
Fig.3 is a cross sectional side view drawn to a large scale of part of the cutter and comb of Fig.1 with hair trapped therebetween,
Fig.4 is a side view of a cutter in accordance with the invention in which parts corresponding to parts in Figs.2 to 8 have corresponding reference numerals,
Fig.5 is a plan view of the cutter of Fig.4,
Fig.6 is an underneath plan view of the cutter of Fig.4,
Fig.7 is a cross-sectional view drawn to a larger scale of part of a cutter blade in accordance with the invention assembled with a comb,
Fig.8 is a diagrammatic view of the assembly of Fig.7 looking in the direction of arrow VIII in Fig.7 with hair between the cutter and comb,
Fig.9 is a view similar to Fig.8 showing the cutter and comb in different relative positions, illustrating release of the hair,
Fig.10 is a view similar to Fig.4 of a different cutter blade,
Fig.11 is a plan view of the cutter of Fig.10, and
Fig.12 is an underneath plan view of the cutter of Fig.10.

Referring first to Figs.1 and 2 a comb 10 has locating holes 11 which receive locating pins 2 on a clipper head 3 secured to a handpiece 4. The comb has a row of teeth 12 having tips which form a leading edge and is formed with front and rear bearing surfaces 13, 14. The bearing surface 13 is formed partly by a continuous surface 13a and partly by upper surfaces 13b of the teeth 12. The outer teeth 12a are widened to form terminal surfaces on which the cutter terminates its outward movement and to withstand impacts against hard surfaces. The bearing surfaces 13, 14 support a cutter 15 which has a row of teeth 16 having tips forming a leading edge. The cutter has front and rear bearing surface 17, 18. The bearing surface 17 is formed partly by a continuous surface 17a and partly by lower surfaces 17b of the teeth 16. The cutter is slidable along the bearing surfaces of the comb in known manner.
The comb and cutter are held together by means of a bolt 19 having a shank which passes through an aperture 20 in the comb, through a slot 22 in the cutter and through a bore 3a in the clipper head 3. A nut 23 is applied to the bolt with a spring 24 disposed between the nut and the clipper head. By tightening the nut to compress the spring, the cutter is urged against two spaced bearing fingers 6, the comb is urged against an abutment surface 7 and the cutter and comb are urged against each other so as to ensure close contact of the bearing surfaces 13, 17 for efficient clipping action. The cutter is reciprocated from side to side over the comb by means of a drive peg 8 on a shaft 9 extending from the handpiece. The drive peg 8 locates in a drive socket 25 on the cutter. The pitch of the teeth 13 is normally selected so as to correspond with or to be a multiple of the pitch of teeth 16. A groove 26 is defined between bearing surfaces 13, 14 of the comb and a similar groove 27 is defined between bearing surfaces 17, 18 of the cutter. Each groove extends from one edge to the opposite edge of its blade.
In use, the clipper may typically be used to cut short hair on animals such as horses or cattle and occasionally a section of clipped hair H (Fig.3) can become trapped between the bearing surfaces 13a, 17a. The section of hair tends to act after the fashion of a tiny needle roller bearing which urges the adjacent teeth of the comb and cutter slightly apart by distance X thereby impairing cutting. Once in position between the bearing surfaces 13a, 17a the hair section H can roll virtually indefinitely or at least until it disintegrates. Moreover once the teeth are urged apart it is easier for more hairs to become trapped. The only positive way of removing the trapped hair is to dismantle the cutter and comb.
With reference to Figs.4 to 7 the present invention reduces the problem of trapped hair by increasing the width W of the groove 27 from its previous position (shown in broken lines in Fig.7) so that it terminates at a position at or beyond the notional intersection of roots R of the cutter teeth and a plane containing bearing surface 17 e.g., at the full line position F shown in Fig.7 or at the broken line position B. In that way the bearing surface 17 on first portions 30 of the cutter consists only of spaced apart triangular blade surface sections 17c between tips T of the teeth forming a leading edge and front edges 27a of the groove 27 which slidably engage the teeth of the comb to cut hair. Each section 17c is triangular having two straight sides 5 and a base defined by edge 27a. Where the front edges 27a of groove 27 are positioned at F, the teeth 16 define second portions 31 extending rearwardly for distance J and which clear the teeth 12 by clearance C and assist further in clearing hair. The sections 17c are spaced apart as indicated at S (Fig.6) the spacing S extending rearwardly for distance J which is greater than half the length G of the sections 17c. The minimum width Sm of the spacing S will vary depending on the position of the groove edge 27a in Figs.5 to 9 but preferably is between substantially half and the full tooth width Tw at the edge 27a in order to provide a wide enough gap for the escape of hair whilst leaving sufficient collective tooth area 17c to form an adequate bearing. A typical space Sm is around 1.45mm and a typical tooth width Tw is 2.66mm.
In use, clipped hair H may become positioned between the surface 17c of a tooth 16a of the cutter and the bearing surface part 13a of the comb as in Fig.8 thereby forming a gap X between the cutter and comb. However as the cutter reciprocates, the tooth 16a moves sufficiently to cause the hair H to roll into the space S between the cutter teeth so that the gap X closes. If the hair H projects rearwardly of the first portion 30 prior to release, as shown in broken lines in Fig.7, it simply lies within the clearance C between the blades and so once the hair enters the space S it is no longer mechanically retained between the blades. Such an arrangement provides extremely rapid clearing of trapped hair.
It will be appreciated that if the continuous bearing surface 13a on the comb were to extend further forwards by positioning the root Rc of the comb teeth as indicated in broken lines in Fig.7, hair trapped between the surface 13a and the bearing surface sections 17c of the cutter would still be able to escape. Groove 26 could be extended forwardly in such a case as in broken lines. Therefore the fore-and-aft positioning of the surfaces sections 17c on the comb bearing surface 13 is not critical in that respect.
If clipped hair happens to become trapped between the bearing surfaces 14, 18 it can also cause these surfaces to separate. However such separation will not have an adverse effect on clipping.
Reference is now made to Figs.10 to 12 in which parts corresponding to parts in Figs.4 to 6 carry the same reference numerals.
The teeth 16 are shaped differently from those shown in Figs.4 to 6 and define therebetween U-shaped spaces S. The spaces S extend rearwardly from the lowermost edges 27a of groove 27 for a distance greater than half the fore-and-aft length G of each tooth section 17c. The front edges 27a of the groove 27 are inclined so as to be parallel with the inclined leading edges 40 of the teeth 16. In that way, the fore-and-aft length G of each tooth section 17c will remain constant when the bearing surfaces 17, 18 of the blade are ground away to sharpen the teeth. The tooth section 17c is again triangular having converging straight sides 5 and a base formed by the groove edge 27a. The relationship between Tw and Sm, and J and G is the same as for the blade in Figs.4 to 7. The cutter blade of Figs.10 to 12 is used in conjunction with a comb in the same way as the cutter blade shown in Fig.7.

Claims

A clipper blade assembly comprising a first clipper blade (15) which is assembled with a second clipper blade (10) for movement one relative to the other to clip hair; said first clipper blade (15) having a leading edge formed by tips (T) of a row of teeth (16), a first bearing surface (17) adjacent the leading edge for engagement with a first bearing surface (13) of the second blade (10) and a second bearing surface (18) spaced rearwardly from the first bearing surface (17) by a groove (27) formed in the first blade (15) and transversely oriented in relation to the teeth (16) for engagement with a second bearing surface (14) of the second blade (10), the transverse groove (27) having an edge (27a) adjacent the first bearing surface (17) of the first blade (15), the teeth (16) having roots (R) which intersect the plane containing the first bearing surface (17), the first bearing surface (17) of the first blade (15) comprising separate surface sections (17c) with spaces (S) defined therebetween dimensioned such that hair (H) trapped between a said surface section (17c) and the interengaging bearing surface (13) of the second blade (10) in one relative position of the blades (10, 15) will enter the space (S) when the blades take up a different relative position during clipping movement to enable the hair to disengage the bearing surfaces (13, 17), characterised in that the edge (27a) is positioned so as to lie at or forwardly of the intersection of the roots (R) and the plane containing the first bearing surface (17) so that the edge of the groove (27) comprises a series of spaced apart separate edges (27a) extending from the respective surface sections (17c).
The clipper blade assembly according to Claim 1 characterised in that the first blade is a cutter (15) and the second blade a comb (10), the cutter being moveable across the comb to clip hair.
The clipper blade assembly according to Claim 1 or 2 characterised in that each space (Sm) between teeth (16) has a dimension in the direction of relative blade movement which is at least half the maximum width (Tw) of the respective teeth (16) in that direction.
The clipper blade assembly according to Claim 1, 2 or 3 characterised in that the spaces (S) extend rearwardly for a substantial distance (J) into a part of the first blade (15) which is spaced from the bearing surface (13) of the second blade (10).
The clipper blade assembly according to Claim 4 characterised in that the substantial distance (J) is greater than half the length (G) of the surface sections (17c) forming the bearing surfaces (17) of the first blade (15).
The clipper blade assembly according to any preceding Claim characterised in that the teeth (16) of the first blade (15) comprise first portions (30) defining the separate surface sections (17c) and second portions (31) extending rearwardly away from the first portions (30) and spaced, in use, from the adjacent bearing surface (13) or a surface (26) to the rear of that bearing surface of the second blade (10).
The clipper blade assembly according to Claim 6 characterised in that the bearing surface (13) on the second blade (10) comprises portions (13b) formed by surfaces of the teeth (12) and a continuous portion (13a) adjacent the teeth and extending substantially edge-to-edge of the blade.
The clipper blade assembly according to Claim 7 characterised in that the second portions (31) of the teeth (16) of the first blade (15) extend rearwardly across the said continuous portion (13a) of the bearing surface (13) of the second blade (10) and/or across a further portion (26) of the second blade (10) to the rear of said continuous portion.
The clipper blade assembly according to Claim 6, 7 or 8 characterised in that the second portions (31) of the teeth (16) on the first blade (15) are defined partly by a surface of said groove (27) formed in the blade.
The clipper blade assembly according to any preceding Claim characterised in that each of the spaced apart separate edges (27a) of the groove (27) adjacent the first bearing surface (17) of the first blade (15) is inclined so as to be parallel with inclined leading edges (40) of the teeth (16).
The clipper blade assembly according to any preceding Claim characterised in that each separate surface section (17c) forming the first bearing surface (17) is in the form of a triangle having two straight sides (5) converging towards the leading edge and a base formed by one of said separate edges (27a) of the groove (27).
A clipper handpiece characterised in that the handpiece (4) has mounted thereon a clipper blade assembly according to any preceding Claim.
A clipper blade having the features of the first blade (15) as set forth in any of the preceding claims 1 to 11.