EP0278359B1 - Electromagnetically controlled door opener - Google Patents
Electromagnetically controlled door opener Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0278359B1 EP0278359B1 EP88101421A EP88101421A EP0278359B1 EP 0278359 B1 EP0278359 B1 EP 0278359B1 EP 88101421 A EP88101421 A EP 88101421A EP 88101421 A EP88101421 A EP 88101421A EP 0278359 B1 EP0278359 B1 EP 0278359B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slider
- door opener
- controlled door
- electromagnetically controlled
- drive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
- E05B47/0046—Electric or magnetic means in the striker or on the frame; Operating or controlling the striker plate
- E05B47/0047—Striker rotating about an axis parallel to the wing edge
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
- Y10T292/08—Bolts
- Y10T292/1043—Swinging
- Y10T292/1075—Operating means
- Y10T292/1082—Motor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
- Y10T292/68—Keepers
- Y10T292/696—With movable dog, catch or striker
- Y10T292/699—Motor controlled
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetically controlled door opener for access doors according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the swivel latch carries a stop lug which drives a one-armed locking lever.
- the end of this lever rests on the cutting edge of a locking lever which is connected to an elongated magnet armature via a push pin.
- This anchor is held in the rest position by the force of a spring, in which the locking lever holds the locking lever.
- the electromagnet has an elongated coil which encloses the armature and a magnetic core. When the coil is energized with alternating current of low voltage, the magnetic core pulls the spring-loaded armature under the power of lifting work, so that the push pin pushes the locking lever away and releases the locking lever and thus the striking plate. Since the magnetic force has to move the armature over a large air gap, a relatively large actuation current is required.
- the invention has for its object to significantly reduce the magnet volume and the power requirement of such door openers by avoiding lifting work.
- the manufacture of the magnet should be simplified and made cheaper.
- 1 is a cuboid housing, which has a trough-shaped recess 1a.
- a striking plate 2 is pivotally mounted in a further shallow recess 1b.
- the right edge 2a protrudes beyond the edge of the housing 1 and holds the latch of the door, not shown.
- Two cylinder pins 3 and 4 which are inserted into bores of the housing 1, are used to mount the striking plate.
- the striking plate 2 has a projection at the top left, which is designed as a drive wedge 2b. This wedge acts on a drive slide 5 shown in dotted lines, which has a wedge surface 5a.
- a control slide 6, which has a locking pin 6a is mounted on the drive slide 5, which is only partially visible.
- Both slides are movable in the longitudinal direction and provided with elongated holes through which a screw 7 passes.
- a coil spring 8 is arranged between the drive slide 5 and the housing 1.
- Another coil spring 9 is located between a bevel 5b of the drive slide 5 and the control slide 6.
- 10 denotes an electromagnet, which consists of a yoke 10a fixed to the housing, a coil 10b and an armature 10c, which rests pivotably on the control slide 6.
- the door opener works as follows: If the striking plate is pivoted counter-clockwise when the electromagnet is not energized, it moves Wedge 2b, the wedge 5a and thus the entire drive slide 5 in the direction of the arrow 11.
- the control slide 6 is carried along via the bevel 5b and the spring 9 because the armature 10c can detach from the yoke 10a.
- the locking pin 6a moves under the drive wedge 2b until a locking surface 2b1 is seated on this pin and blocks the striking plate after a advance required for the control process.
- Fig. 4 with 12 and 13 elongated holes are designated, in which movable nuts can be inserted through side openings.
- the door opener is attached to a door fitting with 2 screws and can then be adjusted when installed.
- FIG. 5 shows the trough shape of the housing 1, the U-shape of the drive slide 5 and the shape of the control slide 6 mounted in the drive slide.
- the rear of the drive wedge 2b the wedge surface of which can be seen, can be seen the inclined surface 5a of the drive slide 5 rests.
- a distance of about 2-3 mm remains in the rest state shown, so that the striking plate 2 and the slider 5, 6 can perform a certain advance in order to bring about the locking effect according to FIG. 2.
- the magnet 10 has no lifting work to do.
- the yoke 10a only needs to hold the anchor 10c optimally offered to it. A single small coil and extremely low excitation power are sufficient for this.
- the magnet can therefore easily be fed from dry batteries with a few volts DC.
- Battery-operated door openers are particularly advantageous in internal access systems, the opening impulse of which comes from a coding unit which is controlled by a magnetic stripe card or keypad.
- the trigger pulses and the electronics can then be fed from a single battery, which keeps installation costs low.
- the electric door opener can also be accommodated in the door leaf instead of in the door frame. An associated trap would then have to be stored in the frame.
Landscapes
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
- Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Superstructure Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektromagnetisch gesteuerten Türöffner für Zugangstüren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electromagnetically controlled door opener for access doors according to the preamble of
Bei einem bekannten elektromagnetischen Türöffner (DE-B-2 116 637) trägt die Schwenkfalle eine Anschlagnase, die einen einarmigen Sperrhebel antreibt. Das Ende dieses Hebels ruht auf der Schneide eines Verriegelungshebels, der über einen StOßstift mit einem langgestreckten Magnetanker verbunden ist. Dieser Anker wird durch die Kraft einer Feder in der Ruhelage gehalten, in der der Verriegelungshebel den Sperrhebel festhält. Der Elektromagnet weist eine langgestreckte Spule auf, die den Anker und einen Magnetkern umschließt. Wenn die Spule mit Wechselstrom kleiner Spannung erregt wird, zieht der Magnetkern unter Leistung von Hubarbeit den federbelasteten Anker an, so daß der Stoßstift den Verriegelungshebel wegdrückt und den Sperrhebel und damit das Schließblech freigibt. Da die Magnetkraft über einen großen Luftspalt den Anker bewegen muß, benötigt man einen relativ großen Betätigungsstrom.In a known electromagnetic door opener (DE-B-2 116 637) the swivel latch carries a stop lug which drives a one-armed locking lever. The end of this lever rests on the cutting edge of a locking lever which is connected to an elongated magnet armature via a push pin. This anchor is held in the rest position by the force of a spring, in which the locking lever holds the locking lever. The electromagnet has an elongated coil which encloses the armature and a magnetic core. When the coil is energized with alternating current of low voltage, the magnetic core pulls the spring-loaded armature under the power of lifting work, so that the push pin pushes the locking lever away and releases the locking lever and thus the striking plate. Since the magnetic force has to move the armature over a large air gap, a relatively large actuation current is required.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Magnetvolumen und den Leistungsbedarf solcher Türöffner durch Vermeidung von Hubarbeit entscheidend zu verringern. Insbesondere soll die Herstellung des Magneten vereinfacht und verbilligt werden.The invention has for its object to significantly reduce the magnet volume and the power requirement of such door openers by avoiding lifting work. In particular, the manufacture of the magnet should be simplified and made cheaper.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale gemäß dem zweiten Teil des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features according to the second part of
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand von
- Fig. 1 - 5
- der Zeichnung erläutert.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt den Türöffner im Ruhezustand,
- Fig. 2
- beim Öffnungsversuch ohne Freigabeimpuls,
- Fig. 3
- im Öffnungszustand,
- Fig. 4
- eine Ansicht von der Schmalseite her,
- Fig. 5
- einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie AB in Fig. 1.
- 1 - 5
- the drawing explained.
- Fig. 1
- shows the door opener in idle state,
- Fig. 2
- when trying to open without a release impulse,
- Fig. 3
- in the open state,
- Fig. 4
- a view from the narrow side,
- Fig. 5
- 2 shows a cross section along the line AB in FIG. 1.
In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 ein quaderförmiges Gehäuse bezeichnet, das eine trogförmige Aussparung 1a aufweist. In einer weiteren flacheren Aussparung 1b ist ein Schließblech 2 schwenkbar gelagert. Der rechte Rand 2a ragt über den Rand des Gehäuses 1 hinaus und hält die nicht dargestellte Falle der Tür fest. Zur Lagerung des Schließbleches dienen zwei Zylinderstifte 3 und 4, die in Bohrungen des Gehäuses 1 eingesetzt sind. Das Schließblech 2 weist links oben einen Vorsprung auf, der als Antriebskeil 2b ausgebildet ist. Dieser Keil wirkt auf einen punktiert dargestellten Antriebsschieber 5 ein, der eine Keilfläche 5a aufweist. Auf dem nur teilweise sichtbaren Antriebsschieber 5 ist ein Steuerschieber 6 gelagert, der einen Sperrstift 6a aufweist. Beide Schieber sind in Längsrichtung beweglich und mit Langlöchern versehen, durch die eine Schraube 7 hindurchgreift. Zwischen dem Antriebsschieber 5 und dem Gehäuse 1 ist eine Schraubenfeder 8 angeordnet. Eine weitere Schraubenfeder 9 liegt zwischen einer Abkantung 5b des Antriebsschiebers 5 und dem Steuerschieber 6. Mit 10 ist ein Elektromagnet bezeichnet, der aus einem gehäusefesten Joch 10a, einer Spule 10b und einem Anker 10c besteht, der schwenkbar auf dem Steuerschieber 6 ruht.In Fig. 1, 1 is a cuboid housing, which has a trough-shaped recess 1a. A
Die Wirkungsweise des Türöffners ist folgende:
Wenn bei nicht erregtem Elektromagneten das Schließblech entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn geschwenkt wird, verschiebt der Keil 2b den Keil 5a und damit den gesamten Antriebsschieber 5 in Richtung des Pfeiles 11. Dabei wird über die Abkantung 5b und die Feder 9 der Steuerschieber 6 mitgenommen, weil sich der Anker 10c vom Joch 10a lösen kann. Der Sperrstift 6a wandert unter den Antriebskeil 2b, bis eine Sperrfläche 2b1 auf diesem Stift aufsitzt und das Schließblech nach einem für den Steuervorgang erforderlichen Vorlauf blockiert.The door opener works as follows:
If the striking plate is pivoted counter-clockwise when the electromagnet is not energized, it moves Wedge 2b, the
Dieser Zustand ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt.This state is shown in Fig. 2.
Wenn dagegen entsprechend Fig. 3 ein Öffnungsimpuls ansteht und der Anker 10b festgehalten wird, bleibt der Steuerschieber 6 mit dem Sperrstift 6a im Ruhezustand. Die Sperrfläche 2b1 läuft an dem Stift 6a vorbei und der Antriebsschieber 5 wird ganz nach oben verschoben. Das Schließblech 2 wird dabei so weit verschwenkt, daß seine Kante 2a nicht mehr übersteht und die Öffnung der Tür freigibt.
Sobald auf den Türöffner keine äußere Kraft mehr einwirkt, drückt die Feder 8 den Antriebsschieber 5 und das Schließblech 2 in die Ausgangslage zurück. Die Feder 9 hat eine sehr geringe Rückstellkraft. Sie muß lediglich in der Lage sein, den Steuerschieber 6 zu verstellen, wenn der Magnet 10 nicht erregt ist. Andererseits muß sie bei erregtem Magneten den gesamten Verstellweg des Antriebsschiebers 5 aufnehmen können. Die Federn 8 und 9 sind in nicht dargestellten Bohrungen der Teile 1 und 5 gelagert, so daß sich relativ lange Federn und Federwege ergeben.3, however, if an opening pulse is present and the
As soon as no external force acts on the door opener, the
In Fig. 4 sind mit 12 und 13 Langlöcher bezeichnet, in die durch seitliche Öffnungen bewegliche Muttern eingesetzt werden können. Der Türöffner wird mit 2 Schrauben an einem Türbeschlag befestigt und kann dann im eingebauten Zustand einjustiert werden.In Fig. 4 with 12 and 13 elongated holes are designated, in which movable nuts can be inserted through side openings. The door opener is attached to a door fitting with 2 screws and can then be adjusted when installed.
Der Querschnitt in Fig. 5 zeigt die Trogform des Gehäuses 1, die U-form des Antriebsschieber 5 und die Form des in dem Antriebsschieber gelagerten Steuerschiebers 6. Man erkennt die Rückseite des Antriebskeiles 2b, dessen Keilfläche auf der geneigten Fläche 5a des Antriebsschiebers 5 aufliegt. Zwischen der Sperrfläche 2b1 und dem Sperrstift 6a verbleibt im dargestellten Ruhezustand ein Abstand von etwa 2 - 3 mm, so daß das Schließblech 2 und die Schieber 5, 6 einen gewissen Vorlauf ausführen können, um die Sperrwirkung nach Fig. 2 herbeizuführen.The cross section in FIG. 5 shows the trough shape of the
Sehr vorteilhaft ist bei dem beschriebenen Türöffner, daß der Magnet 10 keinerlei Hubarbeit zu leisten hat. Das Joch 10a braucht lediglich den ihm optimal angebotenen Anker 10c festzuhalten. Hierzu reicht eine einzige kleine Spule und eine äußerst geringe Erregerleistung aus.
Der Magnet kann daher auch leicht aus Trockenbatterien mit einigen Volt Gleichspannung gespeist werden. Um dem Besucher die Bereitschaft zur Türöffnung anzuzeigen, ist es möglich, mit einer Leucht- oder Blinkdiode ein optisches Signal zu geben.It is very advantageous in the door opener described that the
The magnet can therefore easily be fed from dry batteries with a few volts DC. In order to indicate to the visitor the readiness to open the door, it is possible to give an optical signal with a light-emitting or blinking diode.
Batteriebetriebene Türöffner sind insbesondere bei innerbetriebslichen Zugangssystemen vorteilhaft, deren Öffnungsimpuls von einer Codierungseinheit ausgeht, die durch Magnetstreifenkarte oder Tastenfeld angesteuert wird. Die Auslöseimpulse und die Elektronik können dann aus einer einzigen Batterie gespeist werden, wodurch die Einbaukosten klein gehalten werden.Battery-operated door openers are particularly advantageous in internal access systems, the opening impulse of which comes from a coding unit which is controlled by a magnetic stripe card or keypad. The trigger pulses and the electronics can then be fed from a single battery, which keeps installation costs low.
Grundsätzlich kann der elektrische Türöffner statt im Türrahmen auch im Türblatt untergebracht werden. Eine dazugehörende Falle müßte dann in der Zarge gelagert werden.In principle, the electric door opener can also be accommodated in the door leaf instead of in the door frame. An associated trap would then have to be stored in the frame.
Claims (5)
- An electromagnetically controlled door opener for access doors having a hollow, rectangular casing (1), in which a locking plate (2) is pivotally mounted, which supports a drive wedge (2b) which acts on a drive slider (5), characterised in that the drive slider (5) is displaceable parallel to the pivot axis, that a control slider (6) is mounted on the drive slider (5), that drive slider (5) and control slider (6) are connected by means of an additional spring (9) and that the control slider (6) supports a stop pin (6a) and an armature (10c), which is located opposite the yoke (10a) of an electromagnet (10), which is fixed to the casing.
- An electromagnetically controlled door opener according to claim 1, characterised in that a wedge surface (2b) of the locking plate (2) bears on a wedge surface (5a) of the drive slider (5) and that a locking surface (2b1) adjacent the wedge passes the stop pin (6a) arranged on the control slider (6), if the control slider (6) is held fast by the electromagnet (10).
- An electromagnetically controlled door opener according to claim 2, characterised in that in the condition of rest there is a spacing facilitating the forward stroke between the locking surface (2b1) of the locking plate (2) and the stop pin (6a) of the control slider (6).
- An electromagnetically controlled door opener according to claim 3, characterised in that the spacing is approximately 2-3 mm.
- An electromagnetically controlled door opener according to claim 2, characterised in that the drive slider (5) is constructed substantially in U-shape, that the control slider (6) is mounted in the recess of the drive slider (5) and the latter is mounted in the recess (1a) of the casing (1).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88101421T ATE72290T1 (en) | 1987-02-09 | 1988-02-02 | ELECTROMAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED DOOR OPENER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873703909 DE3703909A1 (en) | 1987-02-09 | 1987-02-09 | ELECTROMAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED DOOR OPENER |
DE3703909 | 1987-02-09 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0278359A2 EP0278359A2 (en) | 1988-08-17 |
EP0278359A3 EP0278359A3 (en) | 1989-07-26 |
EP0278359B1 true EP0278359B1 (en) | 1992-01-29 |
Family
ID=6320560
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88101421A Expired - Lifetime EP0278359B1 (en) | 1987-02-09 | 1988-02-02 | Electromagnetically controlled door opener |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4896909A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0278359B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS63201280A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE72290T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3703909A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2028914T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10246665B3 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-08 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Electromagnetic door locking system has a U-shaped armature around the coil which is biased to block a locking bolt and energised to release the lock |
DE10246666A1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-22 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Electrically operated trigger device for use as door opener for switching or locking doors has U-shaped armature and coil |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5127691A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1992-07-07 | Trine Products Corp. | Strike with rectilinearly movable keeper locking member |
US6454324B1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-09-24 | John H. Lewis | Electronic door control and light |
DE102004056567A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2006-05-24 | Eldomat Innovative Sicherheit Gmbh | Remote-controlled electric door opener |
DE102004029110B3 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2005-10-27 | Eff-Eff Fritz Fuss Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | A method for more accurately fixing a handle to a door has a base plate, angle piece and handle each adjustable in one of three different directions |
PL1788169T3 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2010-09-30 | Joseph Talpe | Electric strike |
US9088144B2 (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2015-07-21 | Lucien Ducret | Armor clamping and cutting tool |
EP3611316A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-19 | Montajes Electronicos Dorcas, S.L. | Lock device |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE49215C (en) * | LE-MONON & CO. in Niort, Dep. Deux-Sevres, Frankreich | Electric door opener | ||
US30263A (en) * | 1860-10-02 | Improvement in plows | ||
AT78629B (en) * | 1918-06-24 | 1919-10-10 | Michael Cudera | Door lock with lockable, electronically triggered latch. |
US1638240A (en) * | 1925-05-07 | 1927-08-09 | Philbert A Caron | Safety electric door opener |
US2325225A (en) * | 1942-05-09 | 1943-07-27 | Nat Lock Co | Refrigerator latch |
DE1138334B (en) * | 1962-02-07 | 1962-10-18 | Fuss Fritz Kg | Electric door opener |
DE1969945U (en) * | 1967-07-29 | 1967-10-05 | Walter Kosanke Metallbau | ELECTRICALLY OPERATED DOOR LOCK. |
US3640560A (en) * | 1970-08-19 | 1972-02-08 | Von Duprin Inc | Electric latch strike |
DE2116637C3 (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-09-25 | Fritz Fuss Kg, 7470 Ebingen | Electrically operated unlocking arrangement in a door opener |
US3910617A (en) * | 1972-02-20 | 1975-10-07 | Square D Co | Solenoid operated electric strike |
US4211443A (en) * | 1978-01-17 | 1980-07-08 | Folger Adam Co., Division Of Telkee, Inc. | Electric strike |
US4471983A (en) * | 1981-07-06 | 1984-09-18 | Square D Company | Compact electric door opener |
US4573333A (en) * | 1983-08-19 | 1986-03-04 | Choi Yoon H | Electrical door lock |
US4616865A (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1986-10-14 | Wormald International, Limited | Security lock assembly |
US4626010A (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1986-12-02 | Hanchett Entry Systems, Inc. | Concealed door release mechanism |
-
1987
- 1987-02-09 DE DE19873703909 patent/DE3703909A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-02-02 EP EP88101421A patent/EP0278359B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-02 DE DE8888101421T patent/DE3868083D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-02 AT AT88101421T patent/ATE72290T1/en active
- 1988-02-02 ES ES198888101421T patent/ES2028914T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-09 JP JP63026743A patent/JPS63201280A/en active Pending
- 1988-02-09 US US07/153,966 patent/US4896909A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10246665B3 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-08 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Electromagnetic door locking system has a U-shaped armature around the coil which is biased to block a locking bolt and energised to release the lock |
DE10246666A1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-22 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Electrically operated trigger device for use as door opener for switching or locking doors has U-shaped armature and coil |
DE10246666B4 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-07-22 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Electrically operated release device for doors |
DE10246665C5 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2008-04-24 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Electrically unlockable release device for doors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS63201280A (en) | 1988-08-19 |
DE3868083D1 (en) | 1992-03-12 |
EP0278359A3 (en) | 1989-07-26 |
DE3703909A1 (en) | 1988-08-18 |
US4896909A (en) | 1990-01-30 |
ATE72290T1 (en) | 1992-02-15 |
ES2028914T3 (en) | 1992-07-16 |
EP0278359A2 (en) | 1988-08-17 |
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