EP0275767A1 - Triaxial homocentered magnetometer - Google Patents

Triaxial homocentered magnetometer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0275767A1
EP0275767A1 EP87402914A EP87402914A EP0275767A1 EP 0275767 A1 EP0275767 A1 EP 0275767A1 EP 87402914 A EP87402914 A EP 87402914A EP 87402914 A EP87402914 A EP 87402914A EP 0275767 A1 EP0275767 A1 EP 0275767A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toroids
cube
magnetometer
core
faces
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
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EP87402914A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Germain Guillemin
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/04—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using the flux-gate principle
    • G01R33/045—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using the flux-gate principle in single-, or multi-aperture elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/0206—Three-component magnetometers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a homocentric triaxial magnetometer making it possible to obtain the measurement of the three components of the magnetic field at the same point.
  • the measurement of the magnetic field along three rectangular axes using the saturable core technique is generally carried out using three unidirectional probes mounted on a rigid support and aligned along the measurement axes. In such a case the three measurement axes do not pass through the same point, and there is always a certain influence of the probes between them.
  • the ideal would be to have a spherical magnetic core, but we would no longer know how to excite it.
  • the invention proposes to use as magnetic core six identical toroids arranged on the four faces of a cube and each comprising their excitation winding.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cube 101, for example made of plastic, intended to support the six toroids forming the core of the magnetometer.
  • a cylindrical boss 102 of low height obtained for example by milling the face.
  • This cylinder is located in the center of the face and serves as a centering device for the torus 103 forming one of the active elements of the magnetometer core.
  • These toroids have the shape of very flat washers, cut for example from a ribbon of amorphous material, and are strictly identical to each other.
  • a coil 104 has been toroidally wound on each of these toroids allowing, using unrepresented supply wires, to subject the toroids to an alternating magnetic field which brings them to saturation according to the known principle of this kind of magnetometer.
  • These windings are of course identical to each other.
  • the torus of the upper face has not been shown so as to better show the centering device 102.
  • the outside diameter of the toroids is taken to be a value very slightly less than the length of the edge of the cubes, so as to leave just room for winding without having an interval at the point where the edges of the tori are closest.
  • the cube 101 is located in the center of a set of windings as shown in FIG. 2.
  • these windings are square in shape but this shape could for example be octagonal or even circular.
  • each set of windings is symmetrical with respect to the center of the device, that is to say with respect to the center of the cube 101.
  • the coils 211 and 212 (dotted line) for one direction
  • 221 and 222 (dotted line) for another direction
  • 231 and 232 solid line
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a part making it possible to hold the windings of FIG. 2 as well as the cube 101 of FIG. 1.
  • This part is formed of a body 301 of externally cubic shape, pierced right through an opening 302 forming a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • shoulders 303 have been left in the form of posts located in the corners of the opening. In this way by introducing the cube 101 into the opening 302 by the end opposite to these protuberances, the latter slides with gentle friction into the opening and comes to stop in abutment on the shoulders 303 whose size and location are provided so that the cube 101 is maintained in a central position in the part 301.
  • the shoulders 303 come to bear on the corners of one of the faces of the cube 101 in the free space remaining beyond that of the toroids who occupy this face.
  • the cube 101 is then blocked in this position using any part, for example a jumper which comes by force into the body by resting on two edges of the cube opposite the opening 302.
  • the faces of the part 301 are machined to present three sets of grooves 311-312, 321-322, and 331-332 corresponding respectively to the sets of coils 211-212, 221-222 and 231-232.
  • This device makes it possible to maintain the measurement coils with great rigidity and therefore to minimize as much as possible the irregularities and variations in the positioning of these coils and therefore those of the measurement.
  • the use of two coils per set of coils can be improved by multiplying the number of coils to increase the homogeneity of the field.
  • the number, the dimensioning and the distribution of the coils to obtain the desired precision the grooves necessary are then machined in the part 301 to place these coils.

Abstract

The magnetometer enables a high level of uniformity to be obtained for measurements along its three axes. Six toroids (103) placed in the faces of a cube are used for the core of the magnetometer. This arrangement enables magnetometers to be produced with characteristics that are identical along the three axes of measurement. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un magnétomètre triaxial homocentrique permettant d'obtenir la mesure des trois composantes du champ magnétique en un même point.The present invention relates to a homocentric triaxial magnetometer making it possible to obtain the measurement of the three components of the magnetic field at the same point.

La mesure du champ magnétique suivant trois axes rectangulaires en utilisant la technique du noyau saturable, connue le plus souvent sous le nom anglo-saxon de "flux-gate", s'effectue généralement en utilisant trois sondes unidirectionnelles montées sur un support rigide et alignées selon les axes de mesure. Dans un tel cas les trois axes de mesure ne passent pas par un même point, et il reste toujours une certaine influence des sondes entre elles.The measurement of the magnetic field along three rectangular axes using the saturable core technique, most often known by the Anglo-Saxon name of "flux-gate", is generally carried out using three unidirectional probes mounted on a rigid support and aligned along the measurement axes. In such a case the three measurement axes do not pass through the same point, and there is always a certain influence of the probes between them.

Il est connu du brevet anglais 2.044.460 de fabriquer un magnétomètre triaxial homocentrique en utilisant un cylindre creux en matériau magnétique sur lequel est bobiné un enroulement d'excitation toroïdal. Un premier enroulement de mesure est bobiné sur le cylindre avec pour axe celui du cylindre, et deux autres enroulements de mesure sont bobinés toujours sur le cylindre mais selon deux axes perpendiculaires à l'axe du cylindre. Ces enroulements de mesure permettent d'obtenir la valeur des trois composantes perpendiculaires du champ magnétique en un même point situé au centre du cylindre. Il est clair qu'un tel dispositif n'est pas totalement isotrope et que l'homogénéïté des mesures n'est pas la même selon les axes.It is known from British Patent 2,044,460 to manufacture a homocentric triaxial magnetometer using a hollow cylinder of magnetic material on which is wound a toroidal excitation winding. A first measurement winding is wound on the cylinder with the cylinder axis as its axis, and two other measurement windings are still wound on the cylinder but along two axes perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. These measurement windings make it possible to obtain the value of the three perpendicular components of the magnetic field at the same point located in the center of the cylinder. It is clear that such a device is not completely isotropic and that the homogeneity of the measurements is not the same along the axes.

L'idéal serait d'avoir un noyau magnétique sphérique, mais on ne saurait plus alors comment l'exciter.The ideal would be to have a spherical magnetic core, but we would no longer know how to excite it.

Pour obtenir un magnétomètre triaxial homocentrique le plus symétrique possible, l'invention propose d'utiliser comme noyau magnétique six tores identiques disposés sur les quatre faces d'un cube et comportant chacun leur enroulement d'excitation.To obtain a homocentric triaxial magnetometer as symmetrical as possible, the invention proposes to use as magnetic core six identical toroids arranged on the four faces of a cube and each comprising their excitation winding.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront clairement dans la description suivante présentée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en face des figures annexées qui représentent :

  • - la figure 1 : un cube supportant des tores formant le noyau d'un magnétomètre selon l'invention ;
  • - La figure 2 : le schéma des bobinages de mesure ou de détection d'un tel magnétomètre ;
  • - la figure 3 : une coupe d'un corps formant la structure de ce magnétomètre ;
  • - la figure 4 : une vue de dessus de ce corps.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear clearly in the following description presented by way of nonlimiting example in front of the appended figures which represent:
  • - Figure 1: a cube supporting toroids forming the core of a magnetometer according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2: the diagram of the measurement or detection windings of such a magnetometer;
  • - Figure 3: a section of a body forming the structure of this magnetometer;
  • - Figure 4: a top view of this body.

On a représenté sur la figure 1 un cube 101, par exemple en plastique, destiné à supporter les six tores formant le noyau du magnétomètre. Sur chacune des six faces du cube on trouve un bossage cylindrique 102 de faible hauteur obtenu par exemple par fraisage de la face. Ce cylindre est situé au centre de la face et sert de centreur au tore 103 formant un des éléments actifs du noyau du magnétomètre. Ces tores ont la forme de rondelles très plates, découpées par exemple dans un ruban de matériau amorphe, et sont rigoureusement identiques entre eux. On a bobiné de manière toroïdale sur chacun de ces tores un bobinage 104 permettant, à l'aide de fils d'alimentation non représentés, de soumettre les tores à un champ magnétique alternatif qui les porte à saturation selon le principe connu de ce genre de magnétomètre. Ces bobinages sont bien entendu identiques entre eux. Le tore de la face supérieure n'a pas été représenté de facon à mieux montrer le centreur 102.FIG. 1 shows a cube 101, for example made of plastic, intended to support the six toroids forming the core of the magnetometer. On each of the six faces of the cube there is a cylindrical boss 102 of low height obtained for example by milling the face. This cylinder is located in the center of the face and serves as a centering device for the torus 103 forming one of the active elements of the magnetometer core. These toroids have the shape of very flat washers, cut for example from a ribbon of amorphous material, and are strictly identical to each other. A coil 104 has been toroidally wound on each of these toroids allowing, using unrepresented supply wires, to subject the toroids to an alternating magnetic field which brings them to saturation according to the known principle of this kind of magnetometer. These windings are of course identical to each other. The torus of the upper face has not been shown so as to better show the centering device 102.

Une telle configuration permet d'obtenir une symétrie très satisfaisante du noyau magnétique. Pour obtenir une caractérisque homocentrique la meilleure possible on prend pour diamètre extérieur des tores une valeur très légèrement inférieure à la longueur de l'arête des cubes, de manière à laisser juste la place pour le bobinage sans avoir d'intervalle à l'endroit où les bords des tores se rapprochent le plus. On peut par exemple utiliser des tores de diamètre extérieur 20mm et de diamètre intérieur 10mm.Such a configuration makes it possible to obtain a very satisfactory symmetry of the magnetic core. To obtain the best possible homocentric characteristic, the outside diameter of the toroids is taken to be a value very slightly less than the length of the edge of the cubes, so as to leave just room for winding without having an interval at the point where the edges of the tori are closest. One can for example use tori of outside diameter 20mm and inside diameter 10mm.

Le cube 101 est situé au centre d'un ensemble de bobinages tel que représenté sur la figure 2. Sur cette figure ces bobinages sont de forme carrée mais cette forme pourrait être par exemple octogonale ou même circulaire.The cube 101 is located in the center of a set of windings as shown in FIG. 2. In this figure these windings are square in shape but this shape could for example be octagonal or even circular.

Il y a un jeu de bobinages par direction, c'est-à-dire trois jeux pour les trois directions perpendiculaires selon lesquelles on veut mesurer les composantes du champ magnétique. Chaque jeu de bobinages est symétrique par rapport au centre du dispositif, c'est-à-dire par rapport au centre du cube 101. Dans le cas de figure il y a par jeu de bobinages deux bobines situées d'un côté et de l'autre de ce centre. C'est ainsi que l'on a les bobines 211 et 212 (trait mixte) pour une direction, 221 et 222 (trait pointillé) pour une autre direction, et 231 et 232 (trait plein) pour la troisième direction.There is one set of windings per direction, that is to say three sets for the three perpendicular directions according to which we want to measure the components of the magnetic field. Each set of windings is symmetrical with respect to the center of the device, that is to say with respect to the center of the cube 101. In the case of figure there are by set of windings two coils located on one side and the other of this center. Thus we have the coils 211 and 212 (dotted line) for one direction, 221 and 222 (dotted line) for another direction, and 231 and 232 (solid line) for the third direction.

Pour la clarté du dessin les bobines ont été représentées sur la figure 2 avec des dimensions nettement différentes les unes des autres, mais dans les réalisations pratiques on limitera ces différences à une valeur juste nécessaire pour permettre l'imbrication des bobines les unes dans les autres.For clarity of the drawing, the coils have been shown in FIG. 2 with dimensions which are clearly different from each other, but in practical embodiments these differences will be limited to a value just necessary to allow the coils to nest into each other. .

On a représenté sur les figures 3 et 4 une pièce permettant de maintenir les bobinages de la figure 2 ainsi que le cube 101 de la figure 1.FIGS. 3 and 4 show a part making it possible to hold the windings of FIG. 2 as well as the cube 101 of FIG. 1.

Cette pièce est formée d'un corps 301 de forme extérieurement cubique, percé de part en part d'une ouverture 302 formant un parallélépipède rectangle. Lors de l'usinage de cette ouverture on a laissé subsister des épaulements 303 en forme de colonnettes situées dans les coins de l'ouverture. De cette manière en introduisant le cube 101 dans l'ouverture 302 par l'extrémité opposée à ces excroissances, celui-ci glisse à frottement doux dans l'ouverture et vient s'arrêter en butée sur les épaulements 303 dont la taille et l'emplacement sont prévus pour que le cube 101 soit maintenu en position centrale dans la pièce 301. Les épaulements 303 viennent s'appuyer sur les coins de l'une des faces du cube 101 dans l'espace libre subsistant au-delà de celui des tores qui occupent cette face.This part is formed of a body 301 of externally cubic shape, pierced right through an opening 302 forming a rectangular parallelepiped. During the machining of this opening, shoulders 303 have been left in the form of posts located in the corners of the opening. In this way by introducing the cube 101 into the opening 302 by the end opposite to these protuberances, the latter slides with gentle friction into the opening and comes to stop in abutment on the shoulders 303 whose size and location are provided so that the cube 101 is maintained in a central position in the part 301. The shoulders 303 come to bear on the corners of one of the faces of the cube 101 in the free space remaining beyond that of the toroids who occupy this face.

On bloque ensuite le cube 101 dans cette position à l'aide d'une pièce quelconque, par exemple un cavalier qui vient entrer par force dans le corps en s'appuyant sur deux arêtes du cube opposées à l'ouverture 302.The cube 101 is then blocked in this position using any part, for example a jumper which comes by force into the body by resting on two edges of the cube opposite the opening 302.

Les faces de la pièce 301 sont usinées pour présenter trois ensembles de rainures 311-312, 321-322, et 331-332 correspondant respectivement aux ensembles de bobines 211-212, 221-222 et 231-232.The faces of the part 301 are machined to present three sets of grooves 311-312, 321-322, and 331-332 corresponding respectively to the sets of coils 211-212, 221-222 and 231-232.

Les proportions des figures 3 et 4 relativement à la profondeur des rainures sont plus proches de la réalité que celles des dimensions des bobines sur la figure 2 et l'on remarque que les rainures les plus profondes, correspondant au bobines les plus petites, sont les plus rapprochées les unes des autres afin de maintenir l'homogénéïté du champ de mesure.The proportions of Figures 3 and 4 relative to the depth of the grooves are closer to reality than those of the dimensions of the coils in Figure 2 and we note that the deepest grooves, corresponding to the smallest coils, are the closer to each other in order to maintain the homogeneity of the measurement field.

Ce dispositif permet de maintenir avec une grande rigidité les bobines de mesure et donc de minimiser au maximum les irrégularités et les variations du positionnement de ces bobines et donc celles de la mesure.This device makes it possible to maintain the measurement coils with great rigidity and therefore to minimize as much as possible the irregularities and variations in the positioning of these coils and therefore those of the measurement.

L'utilisation de deux bobines par jeu de bobinages, correspondant à la disposition de Helmhotz, peut être améliorée en multipliant le nombre des bobines pour augmenter l'homogénéïté du champ. Quand on a obtenu par le calcul, de manière classique, le nombre, le dimensionnement et la répartition des bobines pour obtenir la précision souhaitée, on usine alors les rainures nécessaires dans la pièce 301 pour placer ces bobines.The use of two coils per set of coils, corresponding to the arrangement of Helmhotz, can be improved by multiplying the number of coils to increase the homogeneity of the field. When one has obtained by calculation, in a conventional manner, the number, the dimensioning and the distribution of the coils to obtain the desired precision, the grooves necessary are then machined in the part 301 to place these coils.

Claims (6)

1. Magnétomètre triaxial homocentrique, du type comprenant un noyau muni d'un enroulement d'excitation et trois bobinages de détection entourant ce noyau et orientés respectivement selon les axes d'un trièdre trirectangle, caractérisé en ce que le noyau est composé de six tores magnétiques identiques (103) disposés selon les faces d'un cube (101) et munis chacun d'un enroulement d'excitation identique.1. Homocentric triaxial magnetometer, of the type comprising a core provided with an excitation winding and three detection coils surrounding this core and oriented respectively along the axes of a trirectangle trihedron, characterized in that the core is composed of six toroids identical magnetic (103) arranged along the faces of a cube (101) and each provided with an identical excitation winding. 2. Magnétomètre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les tores (103) sont orientés par deux selon les axes du trièdre trirectangle.2. Magnetometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the toroids (103) are oriented in pairs along the axes of the trirectangle trihedron. 3. Magnétomètre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les tores (103) ont la forme de rondelles plates.3. Magnetometer according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the toroids (103) have the shape of flat washers. 4. Magnétomètre selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les tores sont en matériau magnétique amorphe.4. Magnetometer according to claim 3, characterized in that the toroids are made of amorphous magnetic material. 5. Magnétomètre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les tores (103) sont supportés par un cube (101) en matériau non magnétique dont les faces comportent des bossages (102) de centrage permettant de maintenir les tores, et dont les dimensions sont telles que chaque tore est adjacent à quatre autres tores.5. Magnetometer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the toroids (103) are supported by a cube (101) of non-magnetic material, the faces of which include bosses (102) for centering making it possible to maintain the tori, and whose dimensions are such that each torus is adjacent to four other tori. 6. Magnétomètre selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre une pièce de forme cubique (301) munie d'une cavité centrale (302) débouchant sur au moins une face de cette pièce et dans laquelle est inséré le cube (201) support des tores (103), de manière à ce que le centre du cube coïncide avec le centre de la pièce, cette pièce étant munie sur ses faces de rainures (311-332) dans lesquelles sont immobilisées les bobines (211-232) des bobinages de détection.6. Magnetometer according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a cubic-shaped part (301) provided with a central cavity (302) opening onto at least one face of this part and into which the cube is inserted. (201) toroid support (103), so that the center of the cube coincides with the center of the part, this part being provided on its faces with grooves (311-332) in which the coils (211- are immobilized) 232) of the detection coils.
EP87402914A 1986-12-23 1987-12-18 Triaxial homocentered magnetometer Withdrawn EP0275767A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8618088 1986-12-23
FR8618088A FR2608776A1 (en) 1986-12-23 1986-12-23 HOMOCENTRIC TRIAXIAL MAGNETOMETER

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EP0275767A1 true EP0275767A1 (en) 1988-07-27

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5469056A (en) * 1990-02-17 1995-11-21 Dornier Gmbh Planar gradiometers arranged on non-parallel surfaces for determination of a gradient tensor of a magnetic field
US5672967A (en) * 1995-09-19 1997-09-30 Southwest Research Institute Compact tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer and housing with unitary orthogonal sensor substrate
KR100307037B1 (en) * 1997-07-18 2001-12-05 나까니시 히로유끼 Unsaturated copolymer, preparation method of the copolymer and composition containing the copolymer
WO2005029604A1 (en) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-31 Inessa Antonovna Bolshakova Multiposition 3-d magnetic field sensor
CN102129052A (en) * 2010-11-30 2011-07-20 吴鹏 Spatial three-axis magnetic sensor
ITUA20161454A1 (en) * 2016-03-08 2017-09-08 Istituto Naz Di Geofisica E Vulcanologia System for the absolute automatic measurement of declination and magnetic inclination

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3800213A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-03-26 Develco Three axis toroidal fluxgate type magnetic sensor
US4293815A (en) * 1978-05-01 1981-10-06 Century Geophysical Corporation Fluxgate magnetometer circuit with earth's field elimination
JPS6053861A (en) * 1983-09-02 1985-03-27 Wacom Co Ltd Magnetic field sensor
EP0154129A1 (en) * 1984-02-08 1985-09-11 Institut Dr. Friedrich Förster Prüfgerätebau GmbH &amp; Co. KG Triple magnetic probe

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3800213A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-03-26 Develco Three axis toroidal fluxgate type magnetic sensor
US4293815A (en) * 1978-05-01 1981-10-06 Century Geophysical Corporation Fluxgate magnetometer circuit with earth's field elimination
JPS6053861A (en) * 1983-09-02 1985-03-27 Wacom Co Ltd Magnetic field sensor
EP0154129A1 (en) * 1984-02-08 1985-09-11 Institut Dr. Friedrich Förster Prüfgerätebau GmbH &amp; Co. KG Triple magnetic probe

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 9, no. 182 (P-376)[1905], 27 juillet 1985; & JP-A-60 053 861 (WAKOMU K.K.) 27-03-1985 *
TRANSACTIONS US INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, COMMUNICATION AND ELECTRONICS, vol. 59, partie 1, mars 1962, pages 65-73, New York, US; W.A. GEYGER: "The ring-core magnetometer - A new type of second-harmonic flux-gate magnetometer" *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5469056A (en) * 1990-02-17 1995-11-21 Dornier Gmbh Planar gradiometers arranged on non-parallel surfaces for determination of a gradient tensor of a magnetic field
US5672967A (en) * 1995-09-19 1997-09-30 Southwest Research Institute Compact tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer and housing with unitary orthogonal sensor substrate
KR100307037B1 (en) * 1997-07-18 2001-12-05 나까니시 히로유끼 Unsaturated copolymer, preparation method of the copolymer and composition containing the copolymer
WO2005029604A1 (en) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-31 Inessa Antonovna Bolshakova Multiposition 3-d magnetic field sensor
CN102129052A (en) * 2010-11-30 2011-07-20 吴鹏 Spatial three-axis magnetic sensor
CN102129052B (en) * 2010-11-30 2013-05-08 吴鹏 Spatial three-axis magnetic sensor
ITUA20161454A1 (en) * 2016-03-08 2017-09-08 Istituto Naz Di Geofisica E Vulcanologia System for the absolute automatic measurement of declination and magnetic inclination

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NO875373D0 (en) 1987-12-21
NO875373L (en) 1988-06-24
FR2608776A1 (en) 1988-06-24

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