EP0272289B1 - Ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0272289B1 EP0272289B1 EP87903854A EP87903854A EP0272289B1 EP 0272289 B1 EP0272289 B1 EP 0272289B1 EP 87903854 A EP87903854 A EP 87903854A EP 87903854 A EP87903854 A EP 87903854A EP 0272289 B1 EP0272289 B1 EP 0272289B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diode
- ignition coil
- terminal
- ignition
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/42—Flyback transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/12—Ignition, e.g. for IC engines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
- H01F2027/408—Association with diode or rectifier
Definitions
- the invention relates to an ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such an ignition coil is known for example from JP-A-59 14 411, in which the means for fixing the diode inside the housing of the ignition coil in addition to the casting resin from two metallic holding elements, which are mounted on a part of the coil body of the ignition coil.
- Each holding element has an end recess, in each of which a connection of the diode is inserted and electrically contacted.
- One holding element is electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding of the ignition coil and the other holding element to the inner conductor of the ignition cable.
- the object of the invention is to develop the generic ignition coil so that simple fixing and contacting of the diode is achieved before filling the coil body with casting resin. This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
- the assembly of the diode inside the housing is achieved in a technically simple manner and without additional other parts.
- the one wire end of the secondary winding is connected directly, i.e. attached without intermediate support.
- FIG. 1 the first embodiment of an ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines
- FIG. 2 the second embodiment of this.
- a first embodiment of an ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines in FIG. 1 has a cup-shaped housing 10 made of plastic with the axis 11, with respect to which are arranged concentrically: a core 12 made of laminated iron sheets, a primary coil former 13 with a primary winding 14 and a secondary coil former 15 Plastic with a secondary winding 16.
- a first bracket 18 and a second bracket 19 protrude in one piece from the end face 17 of the secondary coil former 15, the ends 21 of both brackets facing one another.
- a diode 22 for preventing switch-on sparks on the spark plugs has a first connection 24 and a second connection 26, both of which are wire-shaped. Both connections 24, 26 each have a section 25 which is parallel to the direction of insertion arrow 27 of the diode 22, and each section 25 merges into an end piece 28 which is parallel to the axis 11.
- the diode 22 is guided from the axis 11 and transversely to the direction of arrow 27 to the outside, so that the two sections 25 of the first and second terminals 24, 26 snap into the first and second bracket 18 and 19 of the secondary winding 16 and each bracket comes to rest on a stop 31 of the secondary bobbin 15.
- the end piece 28 of the first connection 24 bears against a rail 29 and is welded to it.
- the rail 29 makes contact with a coupling part, not shown, of the high-voltage outlet.
- the wire end 30 of the secondary winding 16 is wound around the end piece 28 of the second connection 26 and this is then connected by means of a welding sleeve (not shown).
- the interior of the housing 10 and thus the area between the end face 17 of the secondary coil bobbin 15 and the edge 33 of the housing are cast by a casting resin 32, so that in particular the diode 22 and its fastening parts are anchored in a vibration-proof manner and also the insulation of the parts carrying a high voltage (Secondary winding 16, diode 22, rail 29).
- a second embodiment of an ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines in FIG. 2 differs from the previously described first embodiment in the following:
- the electrically conductive high-voltage outlet consists of a connecting pin 40 and a plate 41 fastened at one end portion thereof at a right angle.
- the rail 29 ' is released from the plate 40 and angled at right angles in the direction of the axis 11 of the housing 10'.
- the high voltage outlet is assembled with the ignition coil as follows:
- the bolt 40 is inserted as an insert and then the housing 10' is manufactured with a spout 42 surrounding the bolt 40.
- the bobbins with the windings and the core 12 'inserted into the housing 10' and the first and second terminals 24, 26 of the diode 22 on the end face of the secondary bobbin 15 thermally caulked (detent).
- the rail 29 ' is angled out of the plate 41 in the manner shown and the end section 28 of the first connection 24 of the diode 22 is electrically contacted thereon; The electrical contacting of the end section 28 from the second connection 26 takes place according to FIG. 1.
- this ignition coil is also cast in the manner described above by a casting resin.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zündspule für Zündanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 1. Eine derartige Zündspule ist beispielsweise aus der JP-A- 59 14 411 bekannt, bei der das Mittel zur Festlegung der Diode innerhalb des Gehäuses der Zündspule neben dem Gießharz aus zwei metallischen Halteelementen besteht, die an einem Teil des Spulenkörpers der Zündspule gelagert sind. Jedes Halteelement weist eine stirnseitige Ausnehmung auf, in der je ein Anschluß der Diode eingeführt und elektrisch kontaktiert ist. Das eine Halteelement ist mit einem Ende der Sekundärwicklung der Zündspule und das andere Halteelement mit dem Innenleiter des Zündkabels elektrisch verbunden.The invention relates to an ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1. Such an ignition coil is known for example from JP-A-59 14 411, in which the means for fixing the diode inside the housing of the ignition coil in addition to the casting resin from two metallic holding elements, which are mounted on a part of the coil body of the ignition coil. Each holding element has an end recess, in each of which a connection of the diode is inserted and electrically contacted. One holding element is electrically connected to one end of the secondary winding of the ignition coil and the other holding element to the inner conductor of the ignition cable.
Die Fixierung und die elektrische Kontaktierung der Diode an zwei Halteelementen, die wiederum einzeln in dem Spulenkörper gelagert werden müssen, erfordert einen hohen Montage- und Prüfaufwand. Der nachträgliche Verschluß der Halteelemente und der Diode mit Gießharz dient nur noch der Isolation dieser die Hochspannung der Zündspule führenden Teile.The fixing and the electrical contacting of the diode on two holding elements, which in turn have to be stored individually in the coil body, requires a great deal of assembly and testing. The subsequent sealing of the holding elements and the diode with casting resin only serves to isolate these parts carrying the high voltage of the ignition coil.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die gattungsgemäße Zündspule so weiterzubilden, daß eine einfache Fixierung und Kontaktierung der Diode vor Befüllen der Spulenkörper mit Gießharz erreicht wird. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The object of the invention is to develop the generic ignition coil so that simple fixing and contacting of the diode is achieved before filling the coil body with casting resin. This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
Mit der Zündspule für Zündanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen nach der Erfindung wird die Montage der Diode im Inneren des Gehäuses in technisch einfacher Weise und ohne zusätzliche andere Teile erreicht.With the ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines according to the invention, the assembly of the diode inside the housing is achieved in a technically simple manner and without additional other parts.
Am zweiten Anschluß der Diode wird das eine Drahtende der Sekundärwicklung direkt, d.h. ohne Zwischenträger befestigt.At the second connection of the diode, the one wire end of the secondary winding is connected directly, i.e. attached without intermediate support.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben. Mit den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4 wird eine technisch günstig herstellbare Rastung der Diode am Spulenkörper der Sekundärwicklung mit einstückig am Sekundärspulenkorper angeformten Teilen erreicht, die eine automatisierte und kostengünstige Montage der Diode ermöglicht und keine zusätzlichen Verbindungsteile erforderlich macht.Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims. With claims 2 to 4, a technically inexpensive locking of the diode on the coil body of the secondary winding with parts integrally formed on the secondary coil body is achieved, which enables automated and cost-effective assembly of the diode and does not require any additional connecting parts.
Bei Zündspulen mit einem Hochspannungsabgang quer zur Achse des Gehäuses wird mit Anspruch 5 eine technisch einfache Kontaktierung der Diode vorgeschlagen. Mit den Ansprüchen 6 und 7 werden hierzu sowohl in der Fertigung als auch in der Montage günstige Wege aufgezeigt.In the case of ignition coils with a high-voltage outlet transverse to the axis of the housing, a technically simple contacting of the diode is proposed with claim 5. With claims 6 and 7 cheap ways to do this are shown both in production and in assembly.
Zwei Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der Figurenbeschreibung naher erläutert. Es zeigen jeweils abschnittsweise und in raumbildlicher Darstellung: Figur 1 die erste Ausführung einer Zündspule für Zündanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen und Figur 2 die zweite Ausführung hierzu.Two embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the description of the figures. In each case, sections and in spatial representation show: FIG. 1 the first embodiment of an ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines and FIG. 2 the second embodiment of this.
Eine erste Ausführung einer Zündspule für Zündanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen in Figur 1 hat ein topfförmiges Gehäuse 10 aus Kunststoff mit der Achse 11, bezüglich der konzentrisch angeordnet sind: ein Kern 12 aus lamellierten Eisenblechen, ein Primärspulenkörper 13 mit einer Primärwicklung 14 und ein Sekundärspulenkörper 15 aus Kunststoff mit einer Sekundärwicklung 16. Von der Stirnseite 17 des Sekundärspulenkörpers 15 stehen ein erster Bügel 18 und ein zweiter Bügel 19 einstückig ab, wobei die Enden 21 beider Bügel einander zugewandt sind.A first embodiment of an ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines in FIG. 1 has a cup-
Eine Diode 22 zur Verhinderung von Einschaltfunken an den Zündkerzen hat einen ersten Anschluß 24 und einen zweiten Anschluß 26, die beide drahtförmig sind. Beide Anschlüsse 24, 26 haben je einen Abschnitt 25, der zur Einschubrichtung gemaß Pfeil 27 der Diode 22 parallel ist, und jeder Abschnitt 25 geht in ein Endstück 28 über, das parallel zur Achse 11 ist.A diode 22 for preventing switch-on sparks on the spark plugs has a
Die Diode 22 wird von der Achse 11 aus und quer zu dieser gemaß Pfeilrichtung 27 nach außen geführt, so daß die beiden Abschnitte 25 des ersten und zweiten Anschlusses 24, 26 in den ersten bzw. zweiten Bügel 18 bzw. 19 der Sekundärwicklung 16 einrasten und jeder Bügel an einem Anschlag 31 des Sekundärspulenkörpers 15 zum Anliegen kommt. In dieser Funktionslage der Diode 22 liegt das Endstück 28 des ersten Anschlusses 24 an einer Schiene 29 an und wird mit dieser verschweißt. Die Schiene 29 kontaktiert mit einem nicht dargestellten Kupplungsteil des Hochspannungsabganges. Um das Endstück 28 des zweiten Anschlusses 26 wird das Drahtende 30 der Sekundärwicklung 16 gewickelt und dieses danach mittels einer nicht dargestellten Schweißhülse verbunden.The diode 22 is guided from the
Der Innenraum des Gehäuses 10 und mithin der Bereich zwischen der Stirnseite 17 des Sekundärspulenkörpers 15 und dem Rand 33 des Gehäuses sind durch ein Gießharz 32 vergossen, so daß insbesondere die Diode 22 und deren Befestigungsteile rüttelsicher verankert sind und auch die Isolation der eine Hochspannung führenden Teile (Sekundärwicklung 16, Diode 22, Schiene 29) erfolgt.The interior of the
Eine zweite Ausführung einer Zündspule für Zündanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen in Figur 2 unterscheidet sich zur vorbeschriebenen ersten Ausführung in folgendem:A second embodiment of an ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines in FIG. 2 differs from the previously described first embodiment in the following:
Der elektrisch leitfähige Hochspannungsabgang besteht aus einem Anschlußbolzen 40 und einer an dessen einem Endabschnitt rechtwinklig befestigten Platte 41. Aus der Platte 40 ist die Schiene 29' ausgeklinkt und rechtwinklig in Richtung der Achse 11 des Gehäuses 10' abgewinkelt.The electrically conductive high-voltage outlet consists of a connecting pin 40 and a plate 41 fastened at one end portion thereof at a right angle. The rail 29 'is released from the plate 40 and angled at right angles in the direction of the
In das Spritzwerkzeug (nicht dargestellt) des Gehäuses 10' wird als Einlegeteil der Bolzen 40 eingefügt und danach das Gehäuse 10' mit einer den Bolzen 40 umschließenden Tülle 42 hergestellt. Danach werden u.a. die Spulenkörper mit den Wicklungen und der Kern 12' in das Gehäuse 10' eingesetzt und der erste und zweite Anschluß 24, 26 der Diode 22 an der Stirnseite des Sekundärspulenkörpers 15 thermisch verstemmt (Rastung). Anschließend wird die Schiene 29' aus der Platte 41 in dargestellter Weise abgewinkelt und an dieser der Endabschnitt 28 des ersten Anschlusses 24 der Diode 22 elektrisch kontaktiert; die elektrische Kontaktierung des Endabschnittes 28 vom zweiten Anschluß 26 erfolgt gemäß Figur 1. Schließlich wird auch diese Zündspule in vorbeschriebener Weise durch ein Gießharz vergossen.In the injection mold (not shown) of the housing 10 ', the bolt 40 is inserted as an insert and then the housing 10' is manufactured with a
Claims (7)
- Ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines having a primary coil former (13) on which a primary winding (14) is attached, and having a secondary coil former (15) on which a secondary winding (16) is attached, having a diode (22) having a first terminal (24) and a second terminal (26) for preventing closing sparks at spark plugs which can be connected to the ignition coil, and having a means, in particular casting resin (32), consisting of an insulating sealing compound, for securing the diode (22) inside the housing (10) of the ignition coil, the second terminal (26) being connected to the secondary winding (16), characterised in that the two terminals (24, 26) of the diode are each locked into the secondary coil former (15) in each case between the end side (17) of the secondary coil former (15) and hook-shaped yokes (18, 19) formed thereon, the end region of the first terminal (24) making contact with a coupling part (29) of the high-voltage output of the ignition coil and one end of the wire (30) of the secondary winding (16) being secured directly in the end region of the second terminal (26).
- Ignition coil according to Claim 1, characterised in that the diode (22) is joined on transversely with respect to the ignition coil on the end side (17) of the secondary coil former (15), in that the two terminals (24, 26) of the diode are deformed and the deformation of the two terminals (24, 26) of the diode (22) has in each case one section (25) parallel to a pushing-in direction (27), one of which sections interacts with the first yoke (18) and the other with the second yoke (19).
- Ignition coil according to Claim 2, characterised in that the section (25) of both terminals (24, 26) in each case merges into an end piece (28) which is parallel to the axis (11) of the ignition coil, and that one end of the wire (30) of the secondary winding (16) is fixed, in particular by welding, to one end piece (28), and a rail (29) of the coupling part of the high-voltage output is fixed, in particular by welding, to the other end piece (28).
- Ignition coil according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two stops (31) project in one piece from the secondary coil former (15), in particular from its end face (17), against which stops (31) both terminals (24 and 26) of the diode (22) bear and thereby limit the push-in displacement (27) of the diode (22).
- Ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines having a primary coil former (13) on which a primary winding (14) is attached and a secondary coil former (15) on which a secondary winding (16) is attached, having a diode (22) having a first terminal (24) and a second terminal (26), for preventing closing sparks at spark plugs which can be connected to the ignition coil, and having a means, in particular casting resin (32), consisting of an insulating sealing compound, for securing the diode (22) inside the housing (10) of the ignition coil, the second terminal (26) being connected to the secondary winding (16), characterised in that the two terminals (24, 26) at the end side (17) of the secondary coil former (15) are secured in place by means of a locking arrangement, the high-voltage output consists of a pin (40) attached transversely with respect to the axis (11) of the housing (10') and of a plate (41) which is secured to one end section of said pin, as well as of a rail (29') which projects from the latter, between which rail and the end side of the secondary coil former (15) one of the terminals (24, 26) of the diode (22) is clamped, the end region of the first terminal (24) is placed in contact with the rail (29') which is constructed as a coupling part of the high-voltage output of the ignition coil and one end of wire (30) of the secondary winding (16) being secured directly to an end section (28) of the other terminal of the diode (22), the pin (40) being secured in place in a socket (42) which is in one piece with the housing (10'), and the plate (41) being arranged between the secondary coil former (15) and the inside of the housing (10').
- Ignition coil according to Claim 5, characterised in that the plate (41) is fixed at right angles to the end section of the pin (40), which end section projects into the inside of the housing (10'), and that the rail (29') is cut out of the plate (41) and is bent at right angles from the latter in the direction of the axis (11).
- Ignition coil according to Claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the pin (40) is secured in place in the socket (42) of the housing (10') by being encapsulated during the manufacture of the housing (10').
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3620528 | 1986-06-19 | ||
| DE3620528 | 1986-06-19 | ||
| DE3640992 | 1986-12-01 | ||
| DE19863640992 DE3640992A1 (en) | 1986-06-19 | 1986-12-01 | IGNITION COIL FOR IGNITION SYSTEMS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0272289A1 EP0272289A1 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
| EP0272289B1 true EP0272289B1 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
Family
ID=25844755
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87903854A Expired - Lifetime EP0272289B1 (en) | 1986-06-19 | 1987-06-16 | Ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0272289B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS63503582A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR880701449A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1011155B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU597681B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3640992A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2006509A6 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1987007977A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3102993B2 (en) * | 1994-07-19 | 2000-10-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Ignition coil for internal combustion engine |
| CN102063993B (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2015-03-11 | 上海三电贝洱汽车空调有限公司 | Coil of compressor clutch and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102001158B (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2014-08-06 | 联合汽车电子有限公司 | Plastic injection manufacture mold for ignition coil housing and ignition coil housing |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3235783A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1966-02-15 | Carl G Howard | Rectifier device for railway signaling systems |
| GB1476966A (en) * | 1973-12-19 | 1977-06-16 | Indesit | High voltage device |
| NL7411772A (en) * | 1974-09-05 | 1976-03-09 | Philips Nv | HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER. |
| FR2413562A1 (en) * | 1977-12-30 | 1979-07-27 | Sev Marchal | IC engine ignition coil - has separate primary and secondary windings with latter's output brought out via short tube attached to rectangular strip |
| JPS59194411A (en) * | 1983-04-18 | 1984-11-05 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Ignition coil for internal combustion engine |
-
1986
- 1986-12-01 DE DE19863640992 patent/DE3640992A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-05-23 CN CN87103745A patent/CN1011155B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-06-16 JP JP62503585A patent/JPS63503582A/en active Pending
- 1987-06-16 AU AU75160/87A patent/AU597681B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-06-16 WO PCT/DE1987/000272 patent/WO1987007977A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-06-16 EP EP87903854A patent/EP0272289B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-16 DE DE8787903854T patent/DE3783750D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-06-19 ES ES8701792A patent/ES2006509A6/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-02-16 KR KR1019880700177A patent/KR880701449A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 9, No. 53 (E-301)(1776), 07.07.85; & JP-A-59194411 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3640992A1 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
| KR880701449A (en) | 1988-07-27 |
| JPS63503582A (en) | 1988-12-22 |
| AU7516087A (en) | 1988-01-12 |
| CN1011155B (en) | 1991-01-09 |
| EP0272289A1 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
| AU597681B2 (en) | 1990-06-07 |
| DE3783750D1 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
| ES2006509A6 (en) | 1989-05-01 |
| WO1987007977A1 (en) | 1987-12-30 |
| CN87103745A (en) | 1987-12-30 |
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