EP0270418B1 - Schwimmer zum Zurückhalten der Schlacke sowie Verfahren zu seiner Benutzung und Herstellung - Google Patents

Schwimmer zum Zurückhalten der Schlacke sowie Verfahren zu seiner Benutzung und Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0270418B1
EP0270418B1 EP87402517A EP87402517A EP0270418B1 EP 0270418 B1 EP0270418 B1 EP 0270418B1 EP 87402517 A EP87402517 A EP 87402517A EP 87402517 A EP87402517 A EP 87402517A EP 0270418 B1 EP0270418 B1 EP 0270418B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plug
metal
plug according
slags
liquid metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87402517A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0270418A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Charles Daussan
Gérard Daussan
André Daussan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daussan SAS
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Daussan SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daussan SAS filed Critical Daussan SAS
Publication of EP0270418A1 publication Critical patent/EP0270418A1/de
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Publication of EP0270418B1 publication Critical patent/EP0270418B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4653—Tapholes; Opening or plugging thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D43/00—Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals
    • B22D43/001—Retaining slag during pouring molten metal
    • B22D43/002—Retaining slag during pouring molten metal by using floating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a slag retaining plug inside a metallurgical container.
  • This plug is intended to close the pouring orifice of the container at the end of the pouring of the liquid metal contained in this container, but before the passage of the slag through this orifice.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the implementation of this plug.
  • a ball made of material denser than liquid metal such as copper is currently used in the case of liquid steel.
  • This ball has a diameter greater than the inside diameter of the pouring orifice. It is thrown into the metallurgical container at the end of the casting, and because of its density, it sinks into the liquid metal, rolls on the bottom of the container and is placed on the pouring orifice by blocking it.
  • Such a copper ball is expensive and delicate to use since it must not be thrown away too early, which would cause a loss of metal, or too late, which would allow slag to pass.
  • the use of such a copper ball involves a risk of pollution of the liquid metal by copper.
  • a plug of refractory cement in the form of a funnel is also used, extended by a metal rod serving as a guide for such a plug.
  • This plug is suspended from the curved end in the shape of an open ring of a tool; it is released above the pouring orifice at the moment deemed opportune to close off the pouring orifice.
  • the use of such a stopper is delicate and painful because the operator is forced to stand very close to the metallurgical container, so that it is exposed to very intense heat.
  • a slag retaining plug inside a metallurgical container intended to automatically plug the pouring orifice of the container at the end of the pouring of the liquid metal contained in this container before the passage of the slag floating above the liquid metal
  • this plug comprising a substantially spherical outer casing, made of a refractory material , and a heavy core intended to give the stopper a specific mass such that it floats on the liquid metal by sinking sufficiently into the metal to plug the pouring orifice at the end of the pouring before the passage of the slag.
  • Such a plug is automatically driven towards the pouring orifice by the currents generated in the liquid metal, so that its use requires no personnel near the metallurgical container. Since the specific mass of the material making up this envelope is less than that of liquid metal, this material floats on the surface of the latter. Thanks to the heavy core, it is possible to adjust the depth of immersion of the stopper in the liquid metal and to determine the height of liquid metal and slag which will remain at the bottom of the metallurgical container when the stopper closes the pouring orifice.
  • EP-A-0 128 576 is a retaining plug constituted by a sphere of refractory material surrounded by a metallic envelope.
  • the metal envelope is made up of two hemispherical steel half-shells. Pieces of scrap metal can be embedded in the refractory material to make the plug heavier and to ballast in its lower part.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known devices and to propose a slag retaining plug, effective, inexpensive and very simple to use, making it possible to plug the pouring orifice of a metallurgical container with the end of the pouring of the liquid metal contained in this container before the passage of the slag, without any risk of pollution of the metal.
  • this plug is characterized in that the envelope consists of two hollow semi-shells substantially of revolution, and in particular hemispherical, assembled using a refractory glue and made of a refractory thermal insulating material which is susceptible sinter at the temperatures prevailing in the container and which is composed of refractory inorganic particles embedded in a binder.
  • the hollow half-shells can be produced easily by molding and allow the heavy core to be placed easily.
  • the outer envelope of the stopper according to the invention retains its mechanical cohesion while being slightly malleable for the entire duration of its stay in the liquid metal.
  • the envelope does not require any cooking before use.
  • the plug according to the invention can thus be produced quickly, simply and economically.
  • the envelope has a composition and a particle size such that its specific mass is between 0.5 and 2.9 kgldm 3 . This specific mass is much lower than that of liquid steel. The depth of immersion of the plug in liquid steel can thus be easily adjusted by means of the heavy core.
  • the heavy core is made of metal and has the shape of a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the core is preferably placed in the center of the stopper and additional ballasting means are advantageously provided in one of the half-shells to lower the center of gravity of the stopper.
  • the method according to the invention consists in placing in a metallurgical container containing liquid metal a plug of the aforementioned kind and the lower part of which is immersed in the metal bath below the slag bed.
  • the substantially spherical plug 1 comprises a casing 2 consisting of two half-shells 3, 4, hollow, assembled using a refractory glue 5, surrounding a heavy core 6, for example made of metal, having the shape of a cube or of a rectangular parallelepiped of square section, and which can be a billet section.
  • the two hollow half-shells 3, 4 are made of a refractory thermal insulating material, composed of refractory inorganic particles, such as silica, and / or alumina, and / or magnesia, ..., and optionally organic and / or mineral fibers, the whole agglomerated using an organic and / or mineral and / or synthetic binder, capable of sintering at the temperature prevailing in the metallurgical container.
  • a refractory thermal insulating material composed of refractory inorganic particles, such as silica, and / or alumina, and / or magnesia, ..., and optionally organic and / or mineral fibers, the whole agglomerated using an organic and / or mineral and / or synthetic binder, capable of sintering at the temperature prevailing in the metallurgical container.
  • composition of the material and the particle size of the constituents are adjusted so that sintering occurs in the case of steel metallurgy, between 800 ° C and 1500 ° C.
  • the specific mass of this material can vary between 0.5 and 2.9 kg / dm 3 depending on the composition and the particle size of its constituents.
  • the diameter of the plug 1 is adapted to the diameter of the pouring orifice of the metallurgical container which must be closed, taking into account possible wear of the refractory lining which surrounds this pouring orifice.
  • the dimensions and the nature of the core 6 are adapted to the diameter and to the composition of the casing 2 so that the specific mass of the plug 1 is such that it floats on the liquid metal while sinking sufficiently into the metal to plug the orifice of the tap hole at the end of the pouring before the slag passes through it.
  • the specific mass of the plug 1 is advantageously between 3 and 6.5 kg / dm 3 , and is preferably equal to or greater than 3.8 kg / dm 3 .
  • the core 6 is advantageously made of steel.
  • ballasting means 7 may advantageously consist of sections of metal bars, embedded in the mass of the half-shell 4 or, on the contrary, at least for part of them, welded to the core 6, for example at the underside of the latter so as to exert a maximum return torque.
  • the assembly plane of the two half-shells 3, 4 is thus maintained in all circumstances in a horizontal position.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 represent a converter 8, comprising, in a known manner, an outer steel casing 9, a refractory lining 10, a tap hole 11 opening out inside the refractory lining 10 through a pouring orifice 14.
  • the converter 8 is shown in Figure 3 in the raised position.
  • the converter 8 contains liquid metal 12 ready to be poured and surmounted by a layer of slag 13.
  • a cap 1 for retaining slag 13, according to the invention, has been introduced inside the converter and floats on the metal liquid 12 by partially sinking into the metal.
  • the insulating material situated on the periphery of the two hollow half-spheres 3, 4 begins to sinter. This sintering continues inside the plug 1 as the temperature increases within the plug 1.
  • the upper level 16 of the metal is always maintained clearly above the level of the pouring orifice 14.
  • the plug 1 floats on the liquid metal 12 by sinking slightly into the metal so that the lower part of the shell 4 is below the upper level 16 of the metal.
  • the converter 8 At the end of the pouring of the liquid metal 12, the converter 8 being in the fully tilted position shown in FIG. 5, the upper level 16 of the liquid metal 12 is always located above the level of the pouring orifice 14.
  • the plug 1 partially driven by the metal 12 flowing through the tap hole 11, has permanently remained in position above the pouring orifice 14.
  • the shell 4, the lower part is below the slag bed 13 closes the pouring orifice 14 and stops the flow of metal 12 shortly before the slag 13 passes.
  • the plug 1 It is important to give the plug 1 a specific mass and a diameter appropriate to the geometry of the converter, to that of the pouring orifice and also to the presumed thickness of the layer of slag so that, during the sealing of the pouring orifice 14 through the shell 4, not only can no slag pass, but also that there remains in the converter the quantity of metal 12 just sufficient to ensure automatic capping.
  • the composite structure of the plug 1 provided by the invention makes it easy to respond to such specifications.
  • the stopper thus produced has a mass of 26.5 kg for a total volume of 6.8 dm 3 , or a specific mass of approximately 3.8 kg / dm 3 .
  • the use of the plug according to the invention is particularly convenient. Indeed, it is enough to throw it in the metallurgical container and it does not then require any monitoring therefore no permanent presence of personnel near the metallurgical container exposed to intense and painful heat.
  • the material of the stopper has a certain sintering rate. It therefore sintered from its surface and therefore became refractory on the surface, but not at its core. After use, the stopper disintegrates and therefore does not interfere with subsequent operations.
  • the use of the plug according to the invention is not limited to the example described.
  • Such a plug can obviously be used in metallurgical vessels other than converters such as ladles and continuous casting distributors.
  • Such a plug can also be used in the metallurgy of metals other than steel, such as aluminum, copper and their alloys, the specific mass of the plug being in this case adapted to that of the liquid metal considered, and the composition of the insulating material of the envelope and the nature of the constituents being adapted so that the sintering takes place at a temperature substantially lower than the temperatures prevailing inside the metallurgical vessels concerned.
  • the shape and composition of the core 6 and additional ballasting means 7 can be modified without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the core 6 can be offset relative to the center of the plug, which eliminates the need for additional ballasting means 7.
  • the shells 3 and 4 can also have different shapes and / or uneven volumes.
  • the manufacturing process by accelerated filtration allows, if desired, to manufacture the plug in one piece while incorporating the ballast mass inside the mold beforehand.
  • the method of manufacturing by accelerated filtration of the sludge to constitute the plug also makes it possible to manufacture with a substantially central recess by incorporating therein a product of the "hard wax” type used in foundry, or using a polystyrene element, by example on which liquid steel will be cast in the steelworks in order to ballast on the spot and inexpensively said plug.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Schwimmer (1) zur Rückhaltung von Schlakken (13) im Inneren eines Schmelzebehälters (8) durch selbsttätiges Verschließen der Gießöffnung (14) des Behälters (8) bei Beendigung des Abgießens der in dem Behälter (8) enthaltenen Metallschmelze (12) und vor dem Durchgang der auf der Metallschmelze (12) schwimmenden Schlacken (13), welcher Schwimmer (1) eine etwa kugelige äußere Hülle (2) aus einem feuerfesten Material und einen schweren Kern (6) umfaßt, der dazu dient, dem Schwimmer (1) eine solche spezifische Masse zu verleihen, daß er auf der Metallschmelze (12) schwimmt und hinreichend weit in das Metall (12) eintaucht, daß er die Gießöffnung (14) am Ende des Abgießens vor dem Durchgang der Schlacken (13) verschließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülle (2) aus zwei hohlen Schalenhälften besteht, die etwa rotationssymmetrisch und insbesondere halbkugelig (3, 4) sind, mittels eines feuerfesten Klebers oder Bindemittels (5) zusammengefügt sind und aus einem wärmeisolierenden, feuerfesten Material bestehen, das in der Lage ist, bei den in dem Behälter (8) herrschenden Temperaturen zu sintern und sich aus in ein Bindemittel eingebetteten, anorganischen, feuerfesten Teilchen zusammensetzt.
2. Schwimmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das wärmeisolierende Material, aus dem die Hülle (2) hergestellt ist, eine solche Zusammensetzung und Körnung hat, daß seine spezifische Masse etwa zwischen 0,5 und 2,9 kg/dm3 liegt.
3. Schwimmer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der schwere Kern (6) aus Metall ist und die Form eines Würfels oder eines Parallepipeds hat.
4. Schwimmer nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern (6) in der Mitte des Schwimmers (1) angeordnet ist, und daß zusätzliche Beschwerungsmitttel (7) in einer (4) der Schalenhälften (3, 4) vorgesehen sind um den Schwerpunkt des Schwimmers (1) tiefer zu legen.
5. Schwimmer nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zusätzlichen Beschwerungsmittel (7) aus einem oder mehreren Metallstangenabschnitten bestehen.
6. Schwimmer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, für flüssigen Stahl enthaltende Schmelzebehälter, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die spezifische Masse des Schwimmers (1) zwischen 3 und 6,5 kg/dm3 liegt, und daß das isolierende Material, das die Hülle (2) bildet, eine solche Zusammensetzung hat, daß die Sinterung zwischen 800°C und 1500°C stattfindet.
7. Schwimmer nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die spezifische Masse des Schwimmers etwa 3,8 kg/dm3 beträgt.
8. Verfahren zum Verschließen der Gießöffnung eines Schmelzebehälters, der flüssiges Metall enthält, auf dem Schlacken schwimmen, bei Beendigung des Gießens durch Einbringen eines schwimmenden Stopfens in den Behälter, nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dessen unterster Teil in die Schmelze unter dem Schlackenbett eintaucht.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schwimmers nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 durch Erzeugung aus einem oder mehreren Teilen entweder durch Pressen oder durch Filtration, beschleunigt durch das Einwirken von Überoder Unterdruck auf die den Schwimmer bildenden Schlämme.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schwimmers nach Anspruch 9 durch Einbringen der Beschwerungsmasse oder-massen in Form eines Feststoffes und/oder einer Flüssigkeit während oder nach der Fertigung des Schwimmers.
EP87402517A 1986-11-13 1987-11-06 Schwimmer zum Zurückhalten der Schlacke sowie Verfahren zu seiner Benutzung und Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0270418B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8615739A FR2606689B1 (fr) 1986-11-13 1986-11-13 Bouchon de retenue des scories et procede pour sa mise en oeuvre et sa fabrication
FR8615739 1986-11-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0270418A1 EP0270418A1 (de) 1988-06-08
EP0270418B1 true EP0270418B1 (de) 1991-01-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87402517A Expired - Lifetime EP0270418B1 (de) 1986-11-13 1987-11-06 Schwimmer zum Zurückhalten der Schlacke sowie Verfahren zu seiner Benutzung und Herstellung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4854550A (de)
EP (1) EP0270418B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1331510C (de)
DE (2) DE270418T1 (de)
FR (1) FR2606689B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0172948U (de) * 1987-11-06 1989-05-17
US5667924A (en) * 1996-02-14 1997-09-16 Xerox Corporation Superparamagnetic image character recognition compositions and processes of making and using
ATE371751T1 (de) * 2000-05-17 2007-09-15 Tetron Inc Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von einer metallurgisch verbesserten metallschmelze
US7169349B1 (en) 2000-05-17 2007-01-30 Tetron, Inc. Method and apparatus for delivering metallurgically improved molten metal
KR100780992B1 (ko) * 2002-11-16 2007-11-29 테트론, 인코포레이티드 야금성이 향상된 용융 금속을 전달하기 위한 방법 및 장치
DE202011100121U1 (de) * 2011-05-02 2011-10-28 Elektro-Thermit Gmbh & Co. Kg Reaktionstiegel für aluminothermische Schweißungen
CN111996329A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2020-11-27 江苏永钢集团有限公司 一种防止脱落的分体式挡渣塞

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3727668A (en) * 1971-06-29 1973-04-17 Steel Corp Method and apparatus for pouring liquid metal into a continuous-casting mold
LU71494A1 (de) * 1974-12-16 1976-11-11
JPS5227009A (en) * 1975-08-27 1977-03-01 Nippon Steel Corp Production process of a1-si killed steel of high purity
SU646759A1 (ru) * 1977-03-28 1981-12-30 Ордена Ленина И Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Электросварки Им.Е.О.Патона Устройство дл отсечки шлака при фасонном электрошлаковом литье
DE8317252U1 (de) * 1983-06-13 1983-11-24 Thyssen Stahl AG, 4100 Duisburg Verschlussorgan zum zurueckhalten der schlacke waehrend des abstiches aus einem konverter
US4526349A (en) * 1983-12-13 1985-07-02 Schwer John W Method and article of manufacture for controlling slag carry-over during tapping of a heat in steelmaking
JPH05227009A (ja) * 1992-02-10 1993-09-03 Fujitsu Ltd バイポーラ論理回路
JPH05222602A (ja) * 1992-02-10 1993-08-31 Akiko Sato 衣類等のボタンホール

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE270418T1 (de) 1988-10-13
FR2606689A1 (fr) 1988-05-20
FR2606689B1 (fr) 1989-06-02
CA1331510C (en) 1994-08-23
US4854550A (en) 1989-08-08
DE3767290D1 (de) 1991-02-14
EP0270418A1 (de) 1988-06-08

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