EP0267113B1 - Sealed shelter made of modules - Google Patents

Sealed shelter made of modules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0267113B1
EP0267113B1 EP87402471A EP87402471A EP0267113B1 EP 0267113 B1 EP0267113 B1 EP 0267113B1 EP 87402471 A EP87402471 A EP 87402471A EP 87402471 A EP87402471 A EP 87402471A EP 0267113 B1 EP0267113 B1 EP 0267113B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modules
crown
enclosure
supple
annulated
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP87402471A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0267113A1 (en
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Solly Side
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GERAC STE
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GERAC STE
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
    • E04H9/12—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls entirely underneath the level of the ground, e.g. air-raid galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waterproof shelter made of modules placed end to end and communicating with each other, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such shelters are known (e.g. BE-A 898 867), the modules of which are in the form of pipes connected end to end; the term pipe has here and in the claims a broad meaning which includes rectilinear or curved conduits whatever their cross section.
  • Each module generally comprises an outer shell of reinforced concrete and a shell of solid sheet metal which covers the internal wall of the concrete shell up to the vicinity of the ends of this concrete shell; the sheet metal envelope can be covered internally with a concrete or cement envelope, generally unreinforced and thinner than the external envelope.
  • the modules have, at their ends, metal rings which extend the sheet metal enclosures; the term crown has here and in the claims a broad meaning which applies even when their section is not circular.
  • crowns are crowns welded, on one side, to the end of the sheet metal envelope which they extend, and are slightly conical on the opposite side; this conical shape is presented either as a widening or as a narrowing of the crown, which allows, by associating two crowns of these two types, to make them fit into one another and to ensure sealing either by to a joint, either by welding.
  • the parts of the crowns intended to be fitted into one another have substantially constant sections but different diameters and the connection is sealed either by a seal or by welding.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid or at least reduce this drawback.
  • a watertight shelter made of modules in the form of pipes, each comprising at least one thick and resistant outer casing and a casing of solid sheet metal, covering the inner wall of the outer casing up to the vicinity of the ends of this casing.
  • the modules of the shelter being connected end to end, the two opposite ends of the modules each having, for this purpose, a metal crown which extends their sheet metal envelope and is integral therewith, the crowns of the opposite ends being rendered integral with each other, is characterized in that, whatever the two ends of the facing module, at least one of the two rings corresponding to the opposite ends considered, has a corrugated and flexible part over a portion intermediate of its length.
  • Figure 1 shows a section of shelter, 1, seen in longitudinal section. This section is constructed using two modules 2, 3 made from pipes about four meters in outside diameter, joined end to end by a connecting device, J, in the form of a ring.
  • a rectangular frame in dashed lines surrounds part of the shelter located at the junction between modules 2 and 3; this part, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 2, shows how the walls of the modules are produced and how the connection device J seals inside the shelter.
  • Figure 1 have also been shown the floor, P, of shelter 1 and a standing figure, H, which serves as a reference element for judging the size of the shelter.
  • Figure 2 is a view, enlarged in a ratio of about six, of the part of the diagram of Figure 1 surrounded by the rectangle F2.
  • FIG. 2 shows that, outside the area of their junction, the walls of modules 2 and 3 are made up of three superimposed envelopes 21, 22, 23 and 31, 32, 33; the outer envelope, 21, 31, is a thick layer of concrete associated with a solid reinforcement A1, A2; the intermediate envelope 22, 32, is constituted by a solid metal sheet and the internal envelope, 23, 33, is made of concrete.
  • the sheet is replaced by a metal crown, significantly thicker than the sheet; this ring is welded to the sheet which it extends: ring 20 joined to the sheet of the envelope 22 by the weld S1 and ring 30 joined to the sheet of the envelope 32 by the weld S2.
  • the crown 30, which is a conventional type crown, fits, at its end opposite to the envelope 32, in the end of the crown 20 opposite the envelope 22; a weld S links the two rings at the end of the ring 30 opposite the casing 32.
  • the crown 20, unlike the crown 30, is not a conventional type crown; in fact, between its part welded to the sheet 22 and its part joined by fitting to the crown 30, the crown 20 comprises an annular and flexible intermediate part, formed by three sinusoid arches. To make room for these sinusoid arches, the thickness of the envelope 21 is reduced by about a third, on its internal part, from shortly before the sinusoid arches to its end opposite the module 3 and l envelope 23 is removed shortly before the sinusoid arches.
  • the space between the crown 20 and the par tie of reduced thickness of the envelope 22 is filled with a flexible material, based on bitumen, 24, which also covers the internal face of the crown 20, from the envelope 23 up to and including the three arches sinusoid; this material has two roles: to contribute to the gas, fluid and dust tightness of the connection and to leave, to the ringed part of the crown 20, the possibility of being deformed under the effect of external constraints in order to prevent it from becoming break as it would have been if it had been drowned in concrete.
  • the spaces 4 and 5 remaining free after fitting of the two modules, and after the welding S has been carried out, are filled with concrete.
  • the present invention is not limited to the example described.
  • the two rings relating to the two opposite ends of two modules placed end to end may each comprise a corrugated intermediate part.
  • the outer casing 21 (FIG. 2) can be stopped at substantially the same level as the casing 23, but a larger mass of added concrete must be used in order to protect the crown. This is how the crowns can be assembled by any suitable assembly technique and, in particular, by crimping.
  • the corrugated and flexible part may not be surrounded by flexible material or may be covered only on one side, preferably the outer side, with a flexible material; in this case, a free space must be left around this corrugated part, the concrete not having to come into contact or too close, in order to give it the possibility of deforming without breaking under the action of external constraints.
  • the ringed part can include a number of arches other than three and that these arches can be something other than sinusoid arches.
  • the present invention relates, in particular, to anti-nuclear, anti-chemical and anti-bacteriological shelters for personnel and equipment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un abri étanche fait de modules mis bout à bout et communiquant entre eux, selon le preambule de la revendication 1.The present invention relates to a waterproof shelter made of modules placed end to end and communicating with each other, according to the preamble of claim 1.

De tels abris sont connus (p.e. BE-A 898 867), dont les modules se présentent sous la forme de tuyaux raccordés bout à bout ; le terme tuyau a ici et dans les revendications un sens large qui englobe les conduits rectilignes ou courbes quelle que soit leur section transversale. Chaque module comporte généralement une enveloppe extérieur en béton armé et une enveloppe en tôle pleine qui recouvre la paroi interne de l'enveloppe en béton jusqu'au voisinage des extrémités de cette enveloppe en béton ; l'enveloppe en tôle peut être recouverte intérieurement d'une enveloppe de béton ou de ciment, généralement non armée et plus mince que l'enveloppe extérieure. Pour assurer l'étanchéité de l'abri, les modules comportent, à leurs extrémités, des couronnes métalliques qui prolongent les enveloppes en tôles ; le terme couronne a ici et dans les revendications un sens large qui s'applique même quand leur section n'est pas circulaire. Ces couronnes sont des couronnes soudées, d'un côté, à l'extrémité de l'enveloppe en tôle qu'elles prolongent, et sont légèrement coniques du côté opposé ; cette forme conique se présente soit comme un évasement soit comme un rétrécissement de la couronne, ce qui permet, en associant deux couronnes de ces deux types, de les faire rentrer l'une dans l'autre et d'assurer l'étanchéité soit grâce à un joint, soit par soudure. Dans d'autres réalisations les parties des couronnes prévues pour être emboîtées l'une dans l'autre ont des sections sensiblement constantes mais des diamètres différents et la liaison est rendue étanche soit par un joint, soit par soudure.Such shelters are known (e.g. BE-A 898 867), the modules of which are in the form of pipes connected end to end; the term pipe has here and in the claims a broad meaning which includes rectilinear or curved conduits whatever their cross section. Each module generally comprises an outer shell of reinforced concrete and a shell of solid sheet metal which covers the internal wall of the concrete shell up to the vicinity of the ends of this concrete shell; the sheet metal envelope can be covered internally with a concrete or cement envelope, generally unreinforced and thinner than the external envelope. To seal the shelter, the modules have, at their ends, metal rings which extend the sheet metal enclosures; the term crown has here and in the claims a broad meaning which applies even when their section is not circular. These crowns are crowns welded, on one side, to the end of the sheet metal envelope which they extend, and are slightly conical on the opposite side; this conical shape is presented either as a widening or as a narrowing of the crown, which allows, by associating two crowns of these two types, to make them fit into one another and to ensure sealing either by to a joint, either by welding. In other embodiments, the parts of the crowns intended to be fitted into one another have substantially constant sections but different diameters and the connection is sealed either by a seal or by welding.

Lorsque les couronnes sont soudées l'étanchéité de ces raccordements entre modules est bonne aussi bien vis-à-vis des gaz, des liquides et des poussières, que vis-à-vis des ondes électromagnétiques. Par contre ces raccordements résistent mal aux contraintes mécaniques dues, par exemple, à des mouvements de terrain ; ils ont alors tendance à casser, ce qui entraîne la perte de l'étanchéité.When the crowns are welded, the tightness of these connections between modules is good both with respect to gases, liquids and dust, and with respect to electromagnetic waves. On the other hand, these connections resist poorly the mechanical stresses due, for example, to ground movements; they then tend to break, which results in the loss of tightness.

La présente invention a pour but d'éviter ou, pour le moins, de réduire cet inconvénient.The object of the present invention is to avoid or at least reduce this drawback.

Ceci est obtenu, en particulier, par l'utilisation de couronnes annelées et souples sur une partie intermédiaire de leur longueur.This is obtained, in particular, by the use of ringed and flexible crowns over an intermediate part of their length.

Selon l'invention un abri étanche fait de modules en forme de tuyaux, comportant chacun au moins une enveloppe extérieure épaisse et résistante et une enveloppe en tôle pleine, recouvrant la paroi interne de l'enveloppe extérieure jusqu'au voisinage des extrémités de cette enveloppe extérieure, les modules de l'abri étant raccordés bout à bout, les deux extrémités en regard des modules comportant, à cet effet, chacune une couronne métallique qui prolonge leur enveloppe en tôle et en est solidaire, les couronnes des extrémités en regard étant rendues solidaires l'une de l'autre, est caractérisé en ce que, quelles que soient les deux extrémités de module en regard, l'une au moins des deux couronnes correspondant aux extrémités en regard considérées, présente une partie annelée et souple sur une portion intermédiaire de sa longueur.According to the invention a watertight shelter made of modules in the form of pipes, each comprising at least one thick and resistant outer casing and a casing of solid sheet metal, covering the inner wall of the outer casing up to the vicinity of the ends of this casing. exterior, the modules of the shelter being connected end to end, the two opposite ends of the modules each having, for this purpose, a metal crown which extends their sheet metal envelope and is integral therewith, the crowns of the opposite ends being rendered integral with each other, is characterized in that, whatever the two ends of the facing module, at least one of the two rings corresponding to the opposite ends considered, has a corrugated and flexible part over a portion intermediate of its length.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques apparaîtront à l'aide de la description ci-après et des figures s'y rapportant qui représentent :

  • - la figure 1, une vue partielle d'un abri selon l'invention,
  • - la figure 2, une vue plus détaillée d'une partie de l'abri selon la figure 1.
The present invention will be better understood and other characteristics will appear with the aid of the description below and of the figures relating thereto which represent:
  • FIG. 1, a partial view of a shelter according to the invention,
  • - Figure 2, a more detailed view of part of the shelter according to Figure 1.

Sur les figures les éléments correspondants sont désignés par les mêmes repères.In the figures, the corresponding elements are designated by the same references.

La figure 1 montre un tronçon d'abri, 1, vu en coupe longitudinale. Ce tronçon est construit à l'aide de deux modules 2, 3 réalisés à partir de tuyaux d'environ quatre mètres de diamètre extérieur, accolés bout à bout par un dispositif de liaison, J, en forme d'anneau. Un cadre rectangulaire en traits interrompus entoure une partie de l'abri situé à la jonction entre les modules 2 et 3 ; cette partie, qui est représentée plus en détail sur la figure 2 montre comment sont réalisées les parois des modules et comment le dispositif de liaison J assure l'étanchéité à l'intérieur de l'abri.Figure 1 shows a section of shelter, 1, seen in longitudinal section. This section is constructed using two modules 2, 3 made from pipes about four meters in outside diameter, joined end to end by a connecting device, J, in the form of a ring. A rectangular frame in dashed lines surrounds part of the shelter located at the junction between modules 2 and 3; this part, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 2, shows how the walls of the modules are produced and how the connection device J seals inside the shelter.

Sur la figure 1 ont également été représentés le plancher, P, de l'abri 1 et un personnage debout, H, qui sert d'élément de référence pour juger de la taille de l'abri.In Figure 1 have also been shown the floor, P, of shelter 1 and a standing figure, H, which serves as a reference element for judging the size of the shelter.

La figure 2 est une vue, grossie dans un rapport d'environ six, de la partie du schéma de la figure 1 entourée par le rectangle F2.Figure 2 is a view, enlarged in a ratio of about six, of the part of the diagram of Figure 1 surrounded by the rectangle F2.

La figure 2 montre que, en dehors de la zone de leur jonction, les parois des modules 2 et 3 sont constituées de trois enveloppes superposées 21, 22, 23 et 31, 32, 33 ; l'enveloppe extérieure, 21, 31, est une couche épaisse de béton associé à un solide ferraillage A1, A2 ; l'enveloppe intermédiaire 22, 32, est constituée par une tôle métallique pleine et l'enveloppe interne, 23, 33, est faite de béton. Dans la zone de jonction entre les modules la tôle est remplacée par une couronne métallique, nettement plus épaisse que la tôle ; cette couronne est soudée sur la tôle qu'elle prolonge : couronne 20 réunie à la tôle de l'enveloppe 22 par la soudure S1 et couronne 30 réunie à la tôle de l'enveloppe 32 par la soudure S2. La couronne 30, qui est une couronne de type classique, vient s'emboîter, à son extrémité opposée à l'enveloppe 32, dans l'extrémité de la couronne 20 opposée à l'enveloppe 22 ; une soudure S lie les deux couronnes au niveau de l'extrémité de la couronne 30 opposée à l'enveloppe 32.Figure 2 shows that, outside the area of their junction, the walls of modules 2 and 3 are made up of three superimposed envelopes 21, 22, 23 and 31, 32, 33; the outer envelope, 21, 31, is a thick layer of concrete associated with a solid reinforcement A1, A2; the intermediate envelope 22, 32, is constituted by a solid metal sheet and the internal envelope, 23, 33, is made of concrete. In the junction zone between the modules, the sheet is replaced by a metal crown, significantly thicker than the sheet; this ring is welded to the sheet which it extends: ring 20 joined to the sheet of the envelope 22 by the weld S1 and ring 30 joined to the sheet of the envelope 32 by the weld S2. The crown 30, which is a conventional type crown, fits, at its end opposite to the envelope 32, in the end of the crown 20 opposite the envelope 22; a weld S links the two rings at the end of the ring 30 opposite the casing 32.

La couronne 20, contrairement à la couronne 30, n'est pas une couronne de type classique ; en effet, entre sa partie soudée à la tôle 22 et sa partie accolée par emboîtage à la couronne 30, la couronne 20 comporte une partie intermédiaire annelée et souple, formée de trois arches de sinusoïde. Pour faire de la place à ces arches de sinusoïde l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe 21 est réduite d'environ un tiers, sur sa partie interne, de peu avant les arches de sinusoïde jusqu'à son extrémité en regard du module 3 et l'enveloppe 23 est supprimée peu avant les arches de sinusoïde. L'espace entre la couronne 20 et la partie d'épaisseur réduite de l'enveloppe 22 est rempli d'un matériau souple, à base de bitume, 24, qui recouvre également la face interne de la couronne 20, depuis l'enveloppe 23 jusqu'à et y compris les trois arches de sinusoïde ; ce matériau a deux rôles : contribuer à l'étanchéité aux gaz, fluides et poussières de la liaison et laisser, à la partie annelée de la couronne 20, la possibilité de se déformer sous l'effet de contraintes extérieures afin de lui éviter de se rompre comme cela aurait été le cas si elle avait été noyée dans du béton. Les espaces 4 et 5, restant libres après emboîtage des deux modules, et après qu'ait été effectuée la soudure S, sont remplis de béton.The crown 20, unlike the crown 30, is not a conventional type crown; in fact, between its part welded to the sheet 22 and its part joined by fitting to the crown 30, the crown 20 comprises an annular and flexible intermediate part, formed by three sinusoid arches. To make room for these sinusoid arches, the thickness of the envelope 21 is reduced by about a third, on its internal part, from shortly before the sinusoid arches to its end opposite the module 3 and l envelope 23 is removed shortly before the sinusoid arches. The space between the crown 20 and the par tie of reduced thickness of the envelope 22 is filled with a flexible material, based on bitumen, 24, which also covers the internal face of the crown 20, from the envelope 23 up to and including the three arches sinusoid; this material has two roles: to contribute to the gas, fluid and dust tightness of the connection and to leave, to the ringed part of the crown 20, the possibility of being deformed under the effect of external constraints in order to prevent it from becoming break as it would have been if it had been drowned in concrete. The spaces 4 and 5, remaining free after fitting of the two modules, and after the welding S has been carried out, are filled with concrete.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple décrit. C'est ainsi, en particulier, que les deux couronnes relatives aux deux extrémités en regard de deux modules mis bout à bout, peuvent chacune comporter une partie intermédiaire annelée. C'est ainsi que l'enveloppe extérieure 21 (figure 2) peut être arrêtée sensiblement au même niveau que l'enveloppe 23 mais une plus grande masse de béton rapporté devra être employée afin d'assurer la protection de la couronne. C'est ainsi que les couronnes peuvent être assemblées par toutes techniques d'assemblage adéquates et, en particulier, par sertissage. C'est ainsi que la partie annelée et souple peut ne pas être entourée de matériau souple ou n'être recouverte que d'un côté, de préférence le côté extérieur, d'un matériau souple ; dans ce cas un espace libre doit être laissé autour de cette partie annelée, le béton ne devant pas venir en contact ou trop près, afin de lui laisser la possibilité de se déformer sans se rompre sous action de contraintes extérieures. C'est ainsi également que la partie annelée peut comprendre un nombre d'arches différent de trois et que ces arches peuvent être autre chose que des arches de sinusoïde.The present invention is not limited to the example described. Thus, in particular, the two rings relating to the two opposite ends of two modules placed end to end, may each comprise a corrugated intermediate part. Thus, the outer casing 21 (FIG. 2) can be stopped at substantially the same level as the casing 23, but a larger mass of added concrete must be used in order to protect the crown. This is how the crowns can be assembled by any suitable assembly technique and, in particular, by crimping. Thus, the corrugated and flexible part may not be surrounded by flexible material or may be covered only on one side, preferably the outer side, with a flexible material; in this case, a free space must be left around this corrugated part, the concrete not having to come into contact or too close, in order to give it the possibility of deforming without breaking under the action of external constraints. It is also thus that the ringed part can include a number of arches other than three and that these arches can be something other than sinusoid arches.

La présente invention concerne, en particulier, les abris anti-nucléaires, anti-chimiques et anti-bactériologiques pour le personnel et la matériel.The present invention relates, in particular, to anti-nuclear, anti-chemical and anti-bacteriological shelters for personnel and equipment.

Claims (4)

1. A sealed chamber made up of modules (2 and 3) in the fom of pipes each comprising thick and strong enclosure (21 and 31) and an enclosure of solid sheet metal (22 and 32), covering the internal wall of the exterior enclosure as far as a point near the ends of this exterior enclosure, the modules of the chamber being connected end to end, the two ends opposite to the modules each comprising, for this purpose, a metallic crown (20 and 30) which prolongs the enclosure thereof and being secured thereto, the crowns of the adjacently placed ends being secured to each other, characterized in that whatever two module ends are adjacent to each other, one at least (20) of the two crowns corresponding to the opposite ends in question, has an annulated supple part on an intermediate part of its length.
2. The chamber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the annulated and supple parts are surrounded by the exterior enclosure.
3. The chamber as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that at each of its module ends having a crown (20) with an annulated and supple part, the exterior enclosure (21) in relation to the module considered comprises a recess located in its internal wall in order to provide space of the annulated and supple part of the crown.
4. The chamber as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annulated and supple part is covered, at least exteriorly, by a thick layer of a supple material (24).
EP87402471A 1986-11-04 1987-11-03 Sealed shelter made of modules Expired - Lifetime EP0267113B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8615327A FR2606062B1 (en) 1986-11-04 1986-11-04 WATERPROOF SHELTER MADE OF MODULES
FR8615327 1986-11-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0267113A1 EP0267113A1 (en) 1988-05-11
EP0267113B1 true EP0267113B1 (en) 1990-05-16

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EP87402471A Expired - Lifetime EP0267113B1 (en) 1986-11-04 1987-11-03 Sealed shelter made of modules

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US (1) US4835919A (en)
EP (1) EP0267113B1 (en)
KR (1) KR970001881B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1292352C (en)
DE (1) DE3762763D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2606062B1 (en)
HK (1) HK23892A (en)

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CN103982202A (en) * 2014-01-15 2014-08-13 邓卫东 Method of connection between tunnel waterproof plates

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JP6524394B2 (en) * 2015-04-09 2019-06-05 中川企画建設株式会社 How to build a pipe, pipe and digger

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CN103982202A (en) * 2014-01-15 2014-08-13 邓卫东 Method of connection between tunnel waterproof plates

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CA1292352C (en) 1991-11-26
DE3762763D1 (en) 1990-06-21
HK23892A (en) 1992-04-10
FR2606062B1 (en) 1992-05-15
EP0267113A1 (en) 1988-05-11
US4835919A (en) 1989-06-06
KR880006433A (en) 1988-07-22
KR970001881B1 (en) 1997-02-18
FR2606062A1 (en) 1988-05-06

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