EP0265687A1 - A mine provided with a priming device having a safety and arming mechanism - Google Patents

A mine provided with a priming device having a safety and arming mechanism Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0265687A1
EP0265687A1 EP87114177A EP87114177A EP0265687A1 EP 0265687 A1 EP0265687 A1 EP 0265687A1 EP 87114177 A EP87114177 A EP 87114177A EP 87114177 A EP87114177 A EP 87114177A EP 0265687 A1 EP0265687 A1 EP 0265687A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
priming
charge
priming device
cover
mine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87114177A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0265687B1 (en
Inventor
Ferdinando Topa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VALSELLA MECCANOTECNICA SpA
Original Assignee
VALSELLA MECCANOTECNICA SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VALSELLA MECCANOTECNICA SpA filed Critical VALSELLA MECCANOTECNICA SpA
Priority to AT87114177T priority Critical patent/ATE69645T1/en
Publication of EP0265687A1 publication Critical patent/EP0265687A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0265687B1 publication Critical patent/EP0265687B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B23/00—Land mines ; Land torpedoes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C14/00—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
    • F42C14/08—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for land mines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mine and in particular to a mine of the type including a cover-removal charge and a detonation charge; such charges are made to explode in rapid succession in such a way that the first exposes the mine and frees it from overlying soil or camouflage material, and the second explodes immediately afterwards.
  • this effect can be advantageously obtained by utilising a single priming device for the two charges, provided with a first explosive mixture and a second explosive mixture disposed in a single container and separated by a fire delay; this device is usually disposed within the body of the mine in a conveniently formed seat, in such a way that the first explosive mixture is close to the cover-removal charge and the second explosive mixture is located close to the detonation charge.
  • the object of the present invention is that of providing a mine which will be free from the disadvantages associated with the known mines and described above.
  • the said object is achieved by the present invention in that it relates to a mine of the type comprising: an upper body closed by a cover and defining a lower chamber and an upper chamber; a cover-removal charge housed in the said upper chamber; a detonation charge housed in the said lower chamber; a priming device comprising first priming means for the said cover-removal charge and second priming means for the said detonation charge, the said first and second means being separated from one another by a fire delay; and an activator device for the said priming device; characterised by the fact that the said priming device is movable with respect to an outer wall of the said body between a first position in which the said activator device cannot cooperate with the priming device and the said first and second priming means are ineffective, and a second position in which the said activator device can cooperate with the said priming device and the said first and second priming means face respective interface means for interfacing with the said cover-removal charge and the said detonation charge.
  • FIG. 1 a mine, generally indicated with the reference numeral 1.
  • the mine 1 comprises an outer body 2, a main or detonation charge 3, and a cover-removal charge 4.
  • the body 2 is constituted by a lower, substantially cup-shape element 5, an intermediate element 6 of concave form fixed onto the lower element 5, respectively containing the said detonation charge 3 and cover removal charge 4, and by an upper cover 7 screwed onto a periphery of the said intermediate element 6.
  • the cover removal charge 4 in particular, is contained in a chamber 8 lying between the bottom of the intermediate element 6 and a peripherally sealed circular cover 9 provided with a central pluy 10 removable for filling the chamber 8.
  • Th e upper cover 7 includes a side wall 13 which surrounds the lower element 5, and an upper, circular and substantially flat portion 14.
  • This portion 14 has a pair of concentric reinforcing ribs 15, and is provided on its inner surface with a circumferential notch 16 which defines a weakened section 17.
  • the activator device 18 is mounted on a support structure 20 fixed to the outer body 2, and is provided with an electronically activatable striker element 23.
  • the priming device includes an outer casing 24 of elongate form provided with two cylindrical, longitudinal cavities 25, 26 which communicate with one another by means of a duct 27 of reduced section.
  • an explosive capsule 28 fixed by means of a threaded ring nut 29 which clamps a peripheral border 30 thereof against a shoulder 33 of the outer casing 24.
  • the cavity 25 and the duct 27 contain a first explosive mixture 34.
  • the cavity 25 can communicate with the exterior through a radial hole 35, sealed by means of a paper disc 36 and a suitable varnish (not illustrated).
  • a portion of the cavity 26 facing the duct 27 is occupied by a fire delay 37 formed by means of a first cup-shape element 38 provided with a central hole 39 and a second, tubular, element 40; this element 40 includes a portion 43 having a smaller outer diameter, housed within the element 38, and a portion 44 having an outer diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the element 38, which houses a second explosive capsule 45.
  • the cavity 26 further includes a radial hole 49 the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the hole 35, in which is housed a detonator 50 of known type.
  • the cavity 26 is axially closed by a threaded plug 51.
  • the priming device 19 is mounted on a movable element 53, for example a slidable or pivoted rod, the purpose of which will be described hereinbelow.
  • a tube 57 which extends upwardly to penetrate into the chamber 8, and a flange 58; this flange 58 supports an auxiliary, or booster, charge 59 for activation of the detonation charge 3, and is provided with a through hole 60 in which is disposed a relay 61.
  • the tube 57 and the relay 61 face corresponding holes 63, 64 formed on the support structure 20.
  • the operation of the mine 1 is as follows.
  • the element 53 can carry the priming device 19 from a safety position (not illustrated) to the position illustrated in Figure 1, in which the hole 35 and the detonator 50 of the device 19 itself are located respectively facing the tube 57 and the relay 61.
  • the combustion propagates through the fire delay 37 in a predetermined time differential, and is transmitted from the explosive mixture 48 to the capsule 45 which triggers the detonator 50.
  • the detonator 50 activates the relay 61, which cuases the auxiliary charge 59 to explode; the explosion ext ends to the entire detonation charge 4.
  • the mine 1 described can have modifications and variations introduced thereto without by this departing from the protective ambit of the present invention.
  • the movable element 53 can be translational or rotational, automatically or manually actuable, and its displacement can conveniently be timed.

Abstract

The mine (1) includes a priming device (19) movable between a safety position and an active position in which it is located facing an activator element (18); the priming device (19) includes first means (28, 34, 35) for triggering a cover-removal charge (4), and second means (45, 48, 50) for triggering a detonation charge (3) by means of respective interface means (57; 59, 61) which the said priming means (35; 50) face in the said active position.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a mine and in particular to a mine of the type including a cover-removal charge and a detonation charge; such charges are made to explode in rapid succession in such a way that the first exposes the mine and frees it from overlying soil or camouflage material, and the second explodes immediately afterwards.
  • It is known that this effect can be advantageously obtained by utilising a single priming device for the two charges, provided with a first explosive mixture and a second explosive mixture disposed in a single container and separated by a fire delay; this device is usually disposed within the body of the mine in a conveniently formed seat, in such a way that the first explosive mixture is close to the cover-removal charge and the second explosive mixture is located close to the detonation charge.
  • Known mines of the type briefly described have various disadvantages. In particular, when the priming device is introduced into the body of the mine it can be activated accidentally, for example because of a knock, and cause explosion of the mine. Consequently, for safety reasons, mines can be neither stored nor transported in a primed state, but must be primed upon placing. This involves an increase in the time taken for placement and makes it impossible to effect automatic placement of the mines.
  • The object of the present invention is that of providing a mine which will be free from the disadvantages associated with the known mines and described above.
  • The said object is achieved by the present invention in that it relates to a mine of the type comprising:
    an upper body closed by a cover and defining a lower chamber and an upper chamber;
    a cover-removal charge housed in the said upper chamber;
    a detonation charge housed in the said lower chamber;
    a priming device comprising first priming means for the said cover-removal charge and second priming means for the said detonation charge, the said first and second means being separated from one another by a fire delay; and
    an activator device for the said priming device;
    characterised by the fact that the said priming device is movable with respect to an outer wall of the said body between a first position in which the said activator device cannot cooperate with the priming device and the said first and second priming means are ineffective, and a second position in which the said activator device can cooperate with the said priming device and the said first and second priming means face respective interface means for interfacing with the said cover-removal charge and the said detonation charge.
  • For a better understanding of the present invention a preferred embodiment is described hereinafter by way of non limitative example and with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
    • Figure 1 is a section through a mine formed according to the present invention; and
    • Figure 2 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale of a detail of Figure 1.
  • In Figure 1 is illustrated a mine, generally indicated with the reference numeral 1. The mine 1 comprises an outer body 2, a main or detonation charge 3, and a cover-removal charge 4. The body 2 is constituted by a lower, substantially cup-shape element 5, an intermediate element 6 of concave form fixed onto the lower element 5, respectively containing the said detonation charge 3 and cover removal charge 4, and by an upper cover 7 screwed onto a periphery of the said intermediate element 6.
  • The cover removal charge 4, in particular, is contained in a chamber 8 lying between the bottom of the intermediate element 6 and a peripherally sealed circular cover 9 provided with a central pluy 10 removable for filling the chamber 8.
  • Th e upper cover 7 includes a side wall 13 which surrounds the lower element 5, and an upper, circular and substantially flat portion 14. This portion 14 has a pair of concentric reinforcing ribs 15, and is provided on its inner surface with a circumferential notch 16 which defines a weakened section 17.
  • Beneath the lower element 2 are disposed an activator element 18 and a priming device 19. The activator device 18, known per se, is mounted on a support structure 20 fixed to the outer body 2, and is provided with an electronically activatable striker element 23.
  • With reference to Figure 2, the priming device includes an outer casing 24 of elongate form provided with two cylindrical, longitudinal cavities 25, 26 which communicate with one another by means of a duct 27 of reduced section.
  • At the mouth of the cavity 25 is disposed an explosive capsule 28, fixed by means of a threaded ring nut 29 which clamps a peripheral border 30 thereof against a shoulder 33 of the outer casing 24. The cavity 25 and the duct 27 contain a first explosive mixture 34. The cavity 25 can communicate with the exterior through a radial hole 35, sealed by means of a paper disc 36 and a suitable varnish (not illustrated).
  • A portion of the cavity 26 facing the duct 27 is occupied by a fire delay 37 formed by means of a first cup-shape element 38 provided with a central hole 39 and a second, tubular, element 40; this element 40 includes a portion 43 having a smaller outer diameter, housed within the element 38, and a portion 44 having an outer diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the element 38, which houses a second explosive capsule 45. An inner cavity 46 of the element 40 lying axially between a paper disc 47 disposed between the elements 38 and 40 and the said capsule 45, contains a further explosive mixture 48. The cavity 26 further includes a radial hole 49 the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the hole 35, in which is housed a detonator 50 of known type. The cavity 26 is axially closed by a threaded plug 51.
  • The priming device 19 is mounted on a movable element 53, for example a slidable or pivoted rod, the purpose of which will be described hereinbelow.
  • As is clearly visible in Figure 1, on the bottom wall 54 of the lower element are disposed, in respective apertures 55, 56, a tube 57 which extends upwardly to penetrate into the chamber 8, and a flange 58; this flange 58 supports an auxiliary, or booster, charge 59 for activation of the detonation charge 3, and is provided with a through hole 60 in which is disposed a relay 61. The tube 57 and the relay 61 face corresponding holes 63, 64 formed on the support structure 20.
  • The operation of the mine 1 is as follows.
  • The element 53 can carry the priming device 19 from a safety position (not illustrated) to the position illustrated in Figure 1, in which the hole 35 and the detonator 50 of the device 19 itself are located respectively facing the tube 57 and the relay 61.
  • In this configuration the striker 23 of the activator device 18 faces the capsule 28 of the priming device 19.
  • When a suitable signal is sent to the activator device 18 the striker strikes the capsule 28, which explodes and ignites the mixture 34; the paper disc 36 and its layer of varnish are easily blown out and the combustion extends through the tube 57 which behaves as a flame guide, to the cover-removal charge 4. The explosion of this charge 4 causes rupture of the cover 7 of the mine 1 along the weakened section 17, with consequent upward projection of the upper portion 14 of the cover 7.
  • Simultaneously, within the priming device 19 the combustion propagates through the fire delay 37 in a predetermined time differential, and is transmitted from the explosive mixture 48 to the capsule 45 which triggers the detonator 50. The detonator 50 activates the relay 61, which cuases the auxiliary charge 59 to explode; the explosion ext ends to the entire detonation charge 4.
  • From the description of the mine formed according to the present invention the advantages which it allows to be obtained are evident. First of all, the accidental detonation of the mine 1 is only possible in the described configuration in which the hole 35, the detonator 50 and the capsule 28 are located facing, respectively, the tube 57, the relay 61 and the striker 23; therefore, as long as the movable element 53 maintains the priming device 19 in a position different from this, transport and/or storage of the mine 1 can take place in conditions of absolute safety even with the priming device 19 already inserted. This makes it possible significantly to shorten the mine placing times, which in this case do not include the asssembly of the priming device 19, but only the displacement of the movable element from the safety position to the active position; moreover, it is possible to effect placing of the mines with automatic means, without requiring the direct presence of an operator.
  • Finally, it is clear that the mine 1 described can have modifications and variations introduced thereto without by this departing from the protective ambit of the present invention. In particular, the movable element 53 can be translational or rotational, automatically or manually actuable, and its displacement can conveniently be timed.

Claims (6)

1. A mine of the type comprising:
an upper body closed by a cover and defining a lower chamber and an upper chamber;
a cover-removal charge housed in the said upper chamber;
a detonation charge housed in the said lower chamber;
a priming device comprising first means for priming the said cover removal charge and second priming means for the said detonation charge, the said first and second means being separated from one another by a fire delay; and
an activator device for the said priming device;
characterised by the fact that the said priming device (19) is movable with respect to an outer wall (54) of the said body (2) between a first position in which the said activator device (18) cannot cooperate with the said priming device (19) and the said first priming means (29, 34) and the second priming means (45, 48, 50) are inoperative, and a second position in which the said activator device (19) can cooperate with the said priming device (18) and the said first priming means (29, 34) and second priming means (45, 48, 50 face respective interface mans (57; 59, 61) for interfacing with the said cover-removal charge (4) and with the said detonation charge (3).
2. A mine according to Claim 1, characterised by the fact that the said interface means (57; 59, 61) include a flame guide tube (57) communicating with the said upper chamber (8) containing the said cover-removal charge (4).
3. A mine according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised by the fact that the said interface means (57; 59, 61) include a relay (61) coupled to an auxiliary charge (59).
4. A mine according to any of the preceding Claims, characterised by the fact that the said first priming means (28, 34) comprise an explosive capsule (28) and an explosive mixture (34) contained in a cavity (25) of the said priming device (19); the said cavity (25) being able to communicate with the said interface means (57) by means of a through hole (35) in an outer casing (24) of the said priming device (19).
5. A mine according to Claim 4, characterised by the fact that the said second priming means (45, 48, 50) comprise an explosive mixture (48) and an explosive capsule (45) contained in a second cavity (26) of the said priming device (19), and a detonator (50) housed in a radial through hole (49) in the said outer casing (24).
6. A mine according to Claim 5, characterised by the fact that the said through holes 35, 49 have axes parallel to one another and open into the same side of the said priming device 19 .
EP87114177A 1986-10-17 1987-09-29 A mine provided with a priming device having a safety and arming mechanism Expired - Lifetime EP0265687B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87114177T ATE69645T1 (en) 1986-10-17 1987-09-29 MINE, EQUIPPED WITH SHARP AND SECURELY ADJUSTABLE FUZE CHAIN.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8653978U IT208245Z2 (en) 1986-10-17 1986-10-17 MINE EQUIPPED WITH A DIDI DEVICE IGNITION WITH SAFETY MECHANISM
IT5397886U 1986-10-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0265687A1 true EP0265687A1 (en) 1988-05-04
EP0265687B1 EP0265687B1 (en) 1991-11-21

Family

ID=11286225

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87114177A Expired - Lifetime EP0265687B1 (en) 1986-10-17 1987-09-29 A mine provided with a priming device having a safety and arming mechanism

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0265687B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE69645T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3774668D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2026880T3 (en)
IT (1) IT208245Z2 (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1326585A (en) * 1962-03-30 1963-05-10 Ruggieri Ets Mobile carrying with it remotely controlled means of destruction
FR1340736A (en) * 1961-12-21 1963-10-18 Wasagchemie Ag Method for increasing the efficiency of camouflaged shaped charge mines
US3216354A (en) * 1952-07-10 1965-11-09 Marshall P Bearce Land mine
DE2423912A1 (en) * 1974-05-16 1975-11-27 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Safety mechanism for land mines - has arming and safety devices feature for recovery of armed mines
US4030418A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gravity deployed mine with combined upper clearing charge firing and delayed main charge initiation
US4205609A (en) * 1978-07-05 1980-06-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Directional fuze selector apparatus for artillery delivered mines

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3216354A (en) * 1952-07-10 1965-11-09 Marshall P Bearce Land mine
FR1340736A (en) * 1961-12-21 1963-10-18 Wasagchemie Ag Method for increasing the efficiency of camouflaged shaped charge mines
FR1326585A (en) * 1962-03-30 1963-05-10 Ruggieri Ets Mobile carrying with it remotely controlled means of destruction
DE2423912A1 (en) * 1974-05-16 1975-11-27 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Safety mechanism for land mines - has arming and safety devices feature for recovery of armed mines
US4030418A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gravity deployed mine with combined upper clearing charge firing and delayed main charge initiation
US4205609A (en) * 1978-07-05 1980-06-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Directional fuze selector apparatus for artillery delivered mines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT208245Z2 (en) 1988-04-22
DE3774668D1 (en) 1992-01-02
ATE69645T1 (en) 1991-12-15
IT8653978V0 (en) 1986-10-17
EP0265687B1 (en) 1991-11-21
ES2026880T3 (en) 1992-05-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4178852A (en) Delay actuated explosive device
US4226185A (en) Projectile with a payload
BR112019015882A2 (en) MOLDED LOAD AND EXPOSURE DRILL GUN SUPPORT SYSTEM
US3720167A (en) Rotatable rocket having means for preventing flameout due to centrifugal force created during rotation thereof
US4969398A (en) Lane marker
US3712224A (en) Decoy flare with traveling ignition charge
US3831521A (en) Mechanical-pyric device utilizable in the type of anti-man mines with a wide action range and gushing out from the ground
US3789760A (en) Enclosure for explosive material
US4671177A (en) Temperature resistant detonator
US3712218A (en) Safety grenade
EP0265687A1 (en) A mine provided with a priming device having a safety and arming mechanism
US3964393A (en) Igniter
US3995549A (en) Rocket/missile motor explosive insert detonator
US3638572A (en) Delay train for ordnance fuse
US3491687A (en) Explosive cartridge
US3547033A (en) Ignitor for explosive charge with means for preventing inadvertent ignition
US3587466A (en) Relay charge with a fuse of weakened explosive power
US3399622A (en) Reloadable shotgun shell device
US2464650A (en) Fuse
US3399468A (en) Spraying canister
US1640892A (en) Pyrotechnic signal
US1331623A (en) Detonator for high-explosive shells
US3868905A (en) Springmine
US3291047A (en) Projectile apparatus for flying objects
US5000095A (en) Projectile with an ejecting charge

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE DE ES FR GB GR SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19881103

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19890609

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE DE ES FR GB GR SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19911121

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19911121

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19911121

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19911121

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69645

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19911215

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3774668

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19920102

ET Fr: translation filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2026880

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19930602

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19930728

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19930825

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19930916

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940929

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF THE APPLICANT RENOUNCES

Effective date: 19940930

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940929

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19950531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 19991007