EP0262315A2 - Apparatus for the incineration of waste - Google Patents
Apparatus for the incineration of waste Download PDFInfo
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- EP0262315A2 EP0262315A2 EP87109951A EP87109951A EP0262315A2 EP 0262315 A2 EP0262315 A2 EP 0262315A2 EP 87109951 A EP87109951 A EP 87109951A EP 87109951 A EP87109951 A EP 87109951A EP 0262315 A2 EP0262315 A2 EP 0262315A2
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- Prior art keywords
- drum
- combustion
- pyrolysis
- rotary kiln
- waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for incinerating waste in a rotary kiln with an indirectly heated pyrolysis drum, in which the waste is carbonized to produce coke gas with the production of carbonization gas.
- the invention further relates to a rotary kiln for performing this method.
- the invention has for its object to ensure in a method of the type mentioned, a use of the smoldering gases independent of external consumers and a high energy yield of the waste and To enable operation of a rotary kiln to carry out this method even when processing high-energy waste with temperatures that make a refractory lining of the rotary kiln unnecessary.
- This object is achieved according to the proposal of the invention in a generic method in that the Schwelkoks from the pyrolysis drum is burned to ashes in a combustion chamber heated by a burner, and that the flue gases are used for indirect heating of the pyrolysis drum before they are in an afterburning chamber are burned, in which the carbonization gas is introduced and burned directly to reduce the burner energy for the afterburning chamber.
- This method not only benefits the high cooling rate of the flue gases generated at approximately 750 ° C by the heat exchange with the pyrolysis drum, the flue gases being cooled to a temperature of approximately 550 ° C before they leave the rotary kiln; is particularly advantageous for the above-mentioned process, the utilization of the energy content in the carbonization gas for heating the after-combustion chamber prescribed by the so-called TA-Luft when incinerating waste.
- the temperature in the afterburner must be 800 ° C after the last combustion air supply.
- the polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon content of which is higher than the usual trace amounts of these substances in household waste or waste similar to household waste a minimum temperature of 1200 ° C is required in the afterburning chamber.
- the combustion drum is connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner, a pyrolysis drum is arranged which forms an annular space between itself and the combustion drum and which, starting from the loading end, extends in the direction of the discharge end over a partial length of the combustion drum; the pyrolysis drum has a loading opening for the waste and, at its end projecting into the combustion drum, a discharge opening for smoked coke formed from the waste, which is burned to ashes in the subsequent combustion chamber of the combustion drum; the energy still contained in the smoked coke contributes significantly to the further increase in the overall energy yield.
- the annular space between the combustion drum and the pyrolysis drum is connected to the flue gas outlet, there is indirect heating of the pyrolysis drum;
- a separate carbonization gas vent connected to the loading end of the pyrolysis drum is provided for further use as fuel gas.
- the flue gases of the combustion chamber which have a temperature of about 750 ° C. there, can cooled down to about 550 ° C until the flue gas is reached by heat exchange with the pyrolysis drum.
- These temperatures mean that a fireproof lining of the combustion drum under the pyrolysis drum is unnecessary.
- This also applies to the combustion of oil sludge with a high energy content.
- temperatures of over 800 ° C. arise in the known rotary kiln without upstream pyrolysis. At such temperatures, overheating damage occurs without a fireproof lining of the rotary kiln.
- the upstream pyrolysis according to the invention enables the excess energy content of such oil sludge to be emaciated so that the temperatures of about 750 ° C. which are permitted there are not exceeded in the subsequent combustion chamber.
- waste with high energy content such as oil sludge
- the composition of the waste should expediently be checked and kept as constant as possible, including mixtures of comminuted waste and sewage or industrial sludge come into question. It is important for the ashing to keep the moisture content of the sludge, the solids content of the waste mixture and the maximum particle size of the solids content within specified limits.
- combustion drum is firmly connected in its section forming the combustion chamber to an outer drum enveloping it, and that the annular space formed between the latter and the combustion drum is connected to the discharge end.
- the redirection of the ash into the annular space mentioned and the associated indirect heat transfer to the combustion chamber leads to a strong cooling of the ash, i. H. their energy content is used to save burner energy for the combustion chamber.
- this cover expediently contains the burner opening and at the same time forms the end wall for the discharge-side closure of the combustion drum.
- the inner end thereof is connected to the inner surface of the combustion drum via an annular wall which runs obliquely outward towards the discharge end, and that this wall is open in the region of flue gas ducts ending thereon, which are connected to the Combustion chamber are connected; the flue gas ducts can be arranged in a star shape and connected to a common central inlet connection for the flue gases.
- This embodiment ensures that the major part of the flue gases passes through the flue gas channels into the annular space between the pyrolysis drum and the combustion drum, that is to say is used as a heating medium for the pyrolysis chamber.
- the rotary kiln shown in Fig. 1 is essentially made up of mostly cylindrical parts symmetrical with respect to the cutting plane. It essentially consists of a rotatably mounted combustion drum (1) and a pyrolysis drum (2) arranged in the interior thereof and connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner. Through the left end of the two drums in the drawing is a loading device device (3) passed through which the waste to be incinerated enters the pyrolysis drum (2). Accordingly, the pyrolysis drum (2) has in its left end a loading opening (4) through which a trunk (5) of the loading device (3) passes.
- both drums are sealed on the loading side against fixed wall parts, which are connected to separate fume cupboards for the flue gas from the combustion drum (1) and for the carbonization gas from the pyrolysis drum (2).
- the combustion drum (1) connects to a flue gas outlet chamber (6) with a flue gas outlet (7);
- the pyrolysis drum (2) connects to a carbonization gas outlet chamber (8) with carbonization gas discharge (9).
- the gas temperature is about 550 ° C, while it is still lower in the smoldering gas discharge (9).
- Throttle valves (10) for controlling the gas flow are provided in both gas vents.
- the pyrolysis drum (2) is non-rotatably connected to the combustion drum (1) at several points along its circumference by means of rigid bolts (11). At the inner end of the pyrolysis drum (2), this is a conical wall (12) connected to the inner surface of the combustion drum (1).
- the conical wall (12) is open in the area of flue gas ducts (13) ending thereon.
- a total of four flue gas ducts (13), as shown in FIG. 2, are arranged in a star or cross shape and connected to a common central inflow connector (14).
- the pyrolysis drum (2) is open to the combustion chamber (15) of the combustion chamber (1) adjoining on the right. This opening is shown in Fig. 2 by four reduced quadrants (16).
- the inflow connector (14) is drawn in its front view; inside it contains inlet openings (17) to the individual flue gas ducts (13).
- the waste to be incinerated reaches the inside of the pyrolysis drum (2) via the loading device (3) and is transported there from the left to the right under the by means of a conveyor device consisting of helical ribs (18) attached to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum Prerequisite that the drum rotation takes place according to arrow (P).
- a conveyor device consisting of helical ribs (18) attached to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum
- the drum rotation takes place according to arrow (P).
- the volume thereof gradually decreases, as shown, towards the right end of the pyrolysis drum (2).
- the dried waste in the form of pyrolysis coke exits the pyrolysis drum (2) and enters the combustion chamber (15) of the combustion drum (1).
- the remaining combustible components of the pyrolysis coke are burned with the aid of a burner (19) which is arranged adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum (1).
- the combustion drum (1) is open at its discharge end; the closure to the outside is effected by an outer drum (20), which is non-rotatably connected to the combustion drum (1) to form an annular space (21) between the latter.
- a burner opening for receiving the burner (19) is provided in a front cover (22) of the outer drum (20) adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum (1).
- the pyrolysis coke is also on the inside of the combustion chamber (15) Combustion drum (1) attached, helical ribs (23) promoted towards the discharge end for the ashes.
- the ash enters the annular space (21) between the outer drum (20) and the combustion drum (1) through the discharge opening (24) at the right end of the combustion drum (1), migrates there to the left and leaves the through the open end of the outer drum (20) Rotary kiln.
- the hot ash still gives off its thermal energy to the combustion drum in the area of the combustion chamber (15).
- FIG. 2 shows the pyrolysis coke (25) according to the cut II-II of FIG. 1, the line (26) above the cutting area representing the outline of the pyrolysis coke bed in the transition area between the pyrolysis drum (2) and the combustion chamber (15) .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Veraschung von Abfällen in einem Drehrohrofen mit einer indirekt beheizten Pyrolysetrommel, in welcher die Abfälle unter Erzeugung von Schwelgas zu Schwelkoks verschwelt werden.The invention relates to a method for incinerating waste in a rotary kiln with an indirectly heated pyrolysis drum, in which the waste is carbonized to produce coke gas with the production of carbonization gas.
Ferner betrifft die Erfindung einen Drehrohrofen zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention further relates to a rotary kiln for performing this method.
Bei einem bekannten Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art (deutsche Patentschrift 33 47 554) wird das Schwelgas einem Gaswandler unter Zufuhr von Lift und in Gegenwart eines glühenden Kohlebettes zugeleitet und für die Weiterverwendung in einem Gasmotor zu Brenngas zerlegt. Eine derartige Maßnahme ist nur dann von Nutzen, wenn durch den Betrieb eines Gasmotors im näheren Umfeld der Pyrolyseanlage wirtschaftlich sinnvolle Arbeit geleistet werden kann.In a known method of the type mentioned (German Patent 33 47 554), the carbonization gas is fed to a gas converter with the addition of a lift and in the presence of a glowing carbon bed and for further use in a gas engine decomposed into fuel gas. Such a measure is only useful if, by operating a gas engine in the vicinity of the pyrolysis plant, economically sensible work can be done.
Bei einem bekannten Drehrohrofen (deutsches Patent 24 33 676) mit einer um eine waagrechte Achse drehbar gelagerten Verbrennungstrommel, die am Beschickungsende einen Rauchabzug und am Austragsende für die Asche einen Brenner aufweist, wird zwar die angestrebte Veraschung der Abfälle erzielt, wobei die Wärme der Asche auf indirekte Weise der Verbrennungstrommel wieder zugeführt wird; bei Abfällen mit hohem Energiegehalt, z. B. bei Verbrennung von Ölschlämmen kommt es jedoch leicht zu einer Überhitzung des bekannten Drehrohrofens, welcher keine feuerfeste Auskleidung besitzt.In a known rotary kiln (German patent 24 33 676) with a combustion drum rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis, which has a smoke outlet at the loading end and a burner at the discharge end, the desired incineration of the waste is achieved, with the heat of the ash is fed back to the combustion drum in an indirect manner; for waste with high energy content, e.g. B. when burning oil sludge, however, it easily overheats the known rotary kiln, which has no refractory lining.
Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art, eine von äußeren Verbrauchern unabhängige Nutzanwendung für die Schwelgase und eine hohe Energieausbeute der Abfälle zu gewährleisten und den Betrieb eines Drehrohrofens zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens auch bei der Verarbeitung energiereicher Abfälle mit Temperaturen zu ermöglichen, die eine feuerfeste Auskleidung des Drehrohrofens entbehrlich machen.In contrast, the invention has for its object to ensure in a method of the type mentioned, a use of the smoldering gases independent of external consumers and a high energy yield of the waste and To enable operation of a rotary kiln to carry out this method even when processing high-energy waste with temperatures that make a refractory lining of the rotary kiln unnecessary.
Diese Aufgabe wird nach dem Vorschlag der Erfindung bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren dadurch gelöst, daß der Schwelkoks aus der Pyrolysetrommel in einem von einem Brenner beheizten Verbrennungsraum zu Asche verbrannt wird, un daß die Rauchgase zur indirekten Beheizung der Pyrolysetrommel verwendet werden, bevor sie in einer Nachbrennkammer verbrannt werden, in welche auch das Schwelgas zwecks Reduzierung der Brennerenergie für die Nachbrennkammer eingeleitet und direkt verbrannt wird.This object is achieved according to the proposal of the invention in a generic method in that the Schwelkoks from the pyrolysis drum is burned to ashes in a combustion chamber heated by a burner, and that the flue gases are used for indirect heating of the pyrolysis drum before they are in an afterburning chamber are burned, in which the carbonization gas is introduced and burned directly to reduce the burner energy for the afterburning chamber.
An diesem Verfahren ist nicht nur die hohe Abkühlungsrate der mit etwa 750° C erzeugten Rauchgase durch den Wärmeaustausch mit der Pyrolysetrommel vorteilhaft, wobei die Rauchgase auf eine Temperatur von etwa 550° C herabgekühlt werden, bevor sie den Drehrohrofen verlassen; besonders vorteilhaft ist bei dem genannten Verfahren die Ausnutzung des Energiegehalts im Schwelgas zum Aufheizen der nach der sog. TA-Luft bei der Verbrennung von Abfällen vorgeschriebenen Nachbrennkammer. Nach dieser Vorschrift muß in der Nachbrennkammer die Temperatur hinter der letzten Verbrennungsluftzuführung 800° C betragen. Werden Abfälle verbrannt, deren Gehalte an polychlorierten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen über den bei Hausmüll oder hausmüllähnlichen Abfällen üblichen Spurengehalten dieser Stoffe liegen, ist in der Nachbrennkammer eine Mindesttemperatur von 1200° C erforderlich. Durch das Einleiten der Schwelgase in die Nachbrennkammer wird eine maximale Energieausnutzung dadurch ermöglicht, daß die Brennerenergie der Nachbrennkammer entsprechend reduziert wird, was lediglich voraussetzt, daß die durch die Verbrennung des Schwelgases in der Nachbrennkammer erzeugte Energie mit der Brennerenergie abgestimmt wird, so daß sich die Einschaltphasen des Brenners entsprechend verkürzen.This method not only benefits the high cooling rate of the flue gases generated at approximately 750 ° C by the heat exchange with the pyrolysis drum, the flue gases being cooled to a temperature of approximately 550 ° C before they leave the rotary kiln; is particularly advantageous for the above-mentioned process, the utilization of the energy content in the carbonization gas for heating the after-combustion chamber prescribed by the so-called TA-Luft when incinerating waste. According to this regulation, the temperature in the afterburner must be 800 ° C after the last combustion air supply. If waste is incinerated, the polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon content of which is higher than the usual trace amounts of these substances in household waste or waste similar to household waste, a minimum temperature of 1200 ° C is required in the afterburning chamber. By introducing the carbonization gases into the afterburning chamber, maximum energy utilization is made possible by the fact that the burner energy of the afterburning chamber is reduced accordingly, which only presupposes that the energy generated by the combustion of the carbonization gas in the afterburning chamber is coordinated with the burner energy, so that the Shorten burner start-up phases accordingly.
Somit gelingt es mit dem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren, einen weiteren Schritt in Richtung einer wünschenswerten autarken Führung derartiger Verbrennungsanlagen durchzuführen.It is thus possible with the method of the generic type to carry out a further step in the direction of a desirable self-sufficient guidance of such incineration plants.
Bei einem geeigneten Drehrohrofen zur Durchführung des gattungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist im inneren der Verbrennungstrommel, mit dieser drehfest verbunden, eine Pyrolysetrommel angeordnet, die zwischen sich und der Verbrennungstrommel einen Ringraum bildet und die sich, ausgehend vom Beschickungsende, in Richtung Austragsende über eine Teillänge der Verbrennungstrommel erstreckt; die Pyrolysetrommel besitzt eine Beschickungsöffnung für die Abfälle und an ihrem in die Verbrennungstrommel ragenden Ende eine Austragsöffnung für aus den Abfällen gebildeten Schwelkoks, der im anschließenden Verbrennungsraum der Verbrennungstrommel zu Asche verbrannt wird; dabei trägt die im Schwelkoks noch enthaltene Energie zur weiteren Erhöhung der insgesamt erzielten Energieausbeute erheblich bei. Dadurch, daß erfindungsgemäß der Ringraum zwischen der Verbrennungstrommel und der Pyrolysetrommel an den Rauchgasabzug angeschlossen ist, ergibt sich eine indirekte Beheizung der Pyrolysetrommel; für die Schwelgase aus der Pyrolysetrommel ist zur weiteren Nutzung als Brenngas ein gesonderter, an das Beschickungsende der Pyrolysetrommel angeschlossener Schwelgasabzug vorgesehen.In a suitable rotary kiln for carrying out the generic method, the combustion drum is connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner, a pyrolysis drum is arranged which forms an annular space between itself and the combustion drum and which, starting from the loading end, extends in the direction of the discharge end over a partial length of the combustion drum; the pyrolysis drum has a loading opening for the waste and, at its end projecting into the combustion drum, a discharge opening for smoked coke formed from the waste, which is burned to ashes in the subsequent combustion chamber of the combustion drum; the energy still contained in the smoked coke contributes significantly to the further increase in the overall energy yield. The fact that, according to the invention, the annular space between the combustion drum and the pyrolysis drum is connected to the flue gas outlet, there is indirect heating of the pyrolysis drum; For the carbonization gases from the pyrolysis drum, a separate carbonization gas vent connected to the loading end of the pyrolysis drum is provided for further use as fuel gas.
Da in der Pyrolysetrommel, in welcher die Abfälle bei Sauerstoffmangel verschwelt werden, endotherme Zustandsveränderungen erfolgen, können die Rauchgase des Verbrennungsraums, die dort eine Temperatur von etwa 750° C aufweisen, bis zum Erreichen des Rauchgasabzugs durch den Wärmeaustausch mit der Pyrolysetrommel auf etwa 550° C herabgekühlt werden. Diese Temperaturen bedeuten, daß eine feuerfeste Auskleidung der Verbrennungstrommel unter Pyrolysetrommel entbehrlich ist. Dies gilt auch für die Verbrennung von Ölschlämmen mit hohem Energiegehalt. Bei deren Verbrennung entstehen in dem bekannten Drehrohrofen ohne vorgeschaltete Pyrolyse Temperaturen bis über 800° C. Bei derartigen Temperaturen kommt es ohne feuerfeste Auskleidung des Drehrohrofens zu Überhitzungsschäden. Durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschaltete Pyrolyse gelingt es, den überschüssigen Energiegehalt derartiger Ölschlämme abzumagern, so daß im anschließenden Verbrennungsraum die dort zulässigen Temperaturen von etwa 750° C nicht überschritten werden.Since endothermic changes of state take place in the pyrolysis drum, in which the waste is carbonized if there is a lack of oxygen, the flue gases of the combustion chamber, which have a temperature of about 750 ° C. there, can cooled down to about 550 ° C until the flue gas is reached by heat exchange with the pyrolysis drum. These temperatures mean that a fireproof lining of the combustion drum under the pyrolysis drum is unnecessary. This also applies to the combustion of oil sludge with a high energy content. When they are burned, temperatures of over 800 ° C. arise in the known rotary kiln without upstream pyrolysis. At such temperatures, overheating damage occurs without a fireproof lining of the rotary kiln. The upstream pyrolysis according to the invention enables the excess energy content of such oil sludge to be emaciated so that the temperatures of about 750 ° C. which are permitted there are not exceeded in the subsequent combustion chamber.
Wie bereits angedeutet, gelingt es, gemäß den Vorschlägen der vorliegenden Erfindung, Abfälle mit hohem Energiegehalt, wie beispielsweise Ölschlämme zu verarbeiten. Zweckmäßigerweise sollte die Zusammensetzung der Abfälle kontrolliert und möglichst konstant gehalten werden, wobei auch Mischungen aus zerkleinertem Müll und Klär- bzw. Industrieschlämmen infrage kommen. Dabei ist es für die Veraschung wichtig, den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Schlämme, den Feststoffanteil der Abfallmischung und die maximale Partikelgröße der Feststoffanteile innerhalb vorgegebener Grenzen zu halten.As already indicated, according to the proposals of the present invention, waste with high energy content, such as oil sludge, can be processed. The composition of the waste should expediently be checked and kept as constant as possible, including mixtures of comminuted waste and sewage or industrial sludge come into question. It is important for the ashing to keep the moisture content of the sludge, the solids content of the waste mixture and the maximum particle size of the solids content within specified limits.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Energieeinsparung besteht darin, daß die Verbrennungstrommel in ihrem, den Verbrennungsraum bildenden Abschnitt fest mit einer sie umhüllenden Außentrommel verbunden ist, und daß der zwischen dieser und der Verbrennungstrommel gebildete Ringraum mit dem Austragsende verbunden ist. Durch die Umleitung der Asche in den genannten Ringraum und der damit verbundenen indirekten Wärmeabgabe an den Verbrennungsraum kommt es zu einer starken Abkühlung der Asche, d. h. deren Energiegehalt wird zugunsten einer Einsparung an Brennerenergie für den Verbrennungsraum genutzt.Another way of saving energy is that the combustion drum is firmly connected in its section forming the combustion chamber to an outer drum enveloping it, and that the annular space formed between the latter and the combustion drum is connected to the discharge end. The redirection of the ash into the annular space mentioned and the associated indirect heat transfer to the combustion chamber leads to a strong cooling of the ash, i. H. their energy content is used to save burner energy for the combustion chamber.
Bei Anwendung der Außentrommel, welche an ihrem, dem Austragsende der Verbrennungstrommel benachbarten Ende durch einen Deckel verschlossen ist, enthält dieser Deckel zweckmäßigerweise die Brenneröffnung und bildet gleichzeitig die Stirnwand für den austragsseitigen Abschluß der Verbrennungstrommel.When using the outer drum, which is closed at its end adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum by a cover, this cover expediently contains the burner opening and at the same time forms the end wall for the discharge-side closure of the combustion drum.
Nach einer vorteilhaften konstruktiven Ausbildung der Pyrolysetrommel ist vorgesehen, daß deren inneres Ende über eine ringförmige, zum Austragsende hin schräg nach außen verlaufende Wand an der Innenfläche der Verbrennungstrommel angeschlossen ist, und daß diese Wand im Bereich von darauf endenden Rauchgaskanälen offen ist, welche mit dem Verbrennungsraum verbunden sind; die Rauchgaskanäle können dabei sternförmig angeordnet und an einen gemeinsamen zentralen Einströmstutzen für die Rauchgase angeschlossen sein. Durch diese Ausführungsform wird sichergestellt, daß der wesentliche Teil der Rauchgase durch die Rauchgaskanäle in den Ringraum zwischen Pyrolysetrommel und Verbrennungstrommel gelangt, also als Heizmedium für die Pyrolysekammer nutzbar gemacht wird. Nur ein geringer Teil, der im Gegenstrom zum Pyrolysekoks strömenden Rauchgase gelangt in das Innere der Pyrolysekammer und wird dort auf die Schwelgastemperatur herabgekühlt. In der Pyrolysekammer findet selbstverständlich keine Verbrennung statt, was durch den dort vorherrschenden Luftmangel sichergestellt wird. Der aus der Pyrolysekammer in den Verbrennungsraum der Verbrennungskammer austretende Pyrolysekoks enthält noch brennbare Bestandteile, welche durch den Brenner entzündet werden. Für die optimale Energieausnutzung ist es auch hier wichtig, daß die Brennereinschaltzeiten nach der Temperatur im Verbrennungsraum geregelt werden, d. h. je höher die Restenergie im Pyrolysekoks, desto niedriger ist die sich einstellende Brennerleistung.According to an advantageous constructive design of the pyrolysis drum, it is provided that the inner end thereof is connected to the inner surface of the combustion drum via an annular wall which runs obliquely outward towards the discharge end, and that this wall is open in the region of flue gas ducts ending thereon, which are connected to the Combustion chamber are connected; the flue gas ducts can be arranged in a star shape and connected to a common central inlet connection for the flue gases. This embodiment ensures that the major part of the flue gases passes through the flue gas channels into the annular space between the pyrolysis drum and the combustion drum, that is to say is used as a heating medium for the pyrolysis chamber. Only a small part of the flue gases flowing in counterflow to the pyrolysis coke gets into the interior of the pyrolysis chamber and is cooled down there to the carbonization temperature. There is of course no combustion in the pyrolysis chamber, which is ensured by the lack of air prevailing there. The pyrolysis coke emerging from the pyrolysis chamber into the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber still contains combustible constituents which are caused by the Burners are ignited. For optimum energy utilization, it is also important here that the burner switch-on times are regulated according to the temperature in the combustion chamber, ie the higher the residual energy in the pyrolysis coke, the lower the burner output that arises.
Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1 einen Axialschnitt durch einen Drehrohrofen, und
- Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch den Drehrohrofen gemäß II-II der Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1 shows an axial section through a rotary kiln, and
- 2 shows a cross section through the rotary kiln according to II-II of FIG. 1st
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Drehrohrofen ist im wesentlichen aus bezüglich der Schnittebene symmetrischen, meist zylindrischen Teilen aufgebaut. Im wesentlichen besteht er aus einer drehbar gelagerten Verbrennungstrommel (1) und einer in deren Innenraum angeordneten und mit dieser drehfest verbundenen Pyrolysetrommel (2). Durch die in der Zeichnung linke Stirnseite der beiden Trommeln ist eine Beschickungseinrich tung (3) hindurchgeführt, durch welche die zu veraschenden Abfälle in die Pyrolysetrommel (2) gelangen. Dementsprechend weist die Pyrolysetrommel (2) in ihrer linken Stirnseite eine Beschickungsöffnung (4) auf, durch die ein Rüssel (5) der Beschickungseinrichtung (3) hindurchtritt. Im übrigen sind beide Trommeln beschickungsseitig gegenüber feststehenden Wandteilen abgedichtet, welche mit getrennten Abzügen für das Rauchgas aus der Verbrennungstrommel (1) und für das Schwelgas aus der Pyrolysetrommel (2) verbunden sind. In diesem Sinne schließt die Verbrennungstrommel (1) dichtend an eine Rauchgasaustrittskammer (6) mit Rauchgasabzug (7) an; die Pyrolysetrommel (2) schließt an eine Schwelgasaustrittskammer (8) mit Schwelgasabzug (9) an. Im Rauchgasabzug (7) beträgt die Gastemperatur etwa 550° C, während sie im Schwelgasabzug (9) noch darunter liegt. In beiden Gasabzügen sind Drosselklappen (10) zur Steuerung der Gasströmung vorgesehen.The rotary kiln shown in Fig. 1 is essentially made up of mostly cylindrical parts symmetrical with respect to the cutting plane. It essentially consists of a rotatably mounted combustion drum (1) and a pyrolysis drum (2) arranged in the interior thereof and connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner. Through the left end of the two drums in the drawing is a loading device device (3) passed through which the waste to be incinerated enters the pyrolysis drum (2). Accordingly, the pyrolysis drum (2) has in its left end a loading opening (4) through which a trunk (5) of the loading device (3) passes. Otherwise, both drums are sealed on the loading side against fixed wall parts, which are connected to separate fume cupboards for the flue gas from the combustion drum (1) and for the carbonization gas from the pyrolysis drum (2). In this sense, the combustion drum (1) connects to a flue gas outlet chamber (6) with a flue gas outlet (7); the pyrolysis drum (2) connects to a carbonization gas outlet chamber (8) with carbonization gas discharge (9). In the flue gas discharge (7), the gas temperature is about 550 ° C, while it is still lower in the smoldering gas discharge (9). Throttle valves (10) for controlling the gas flow are provided in both gas vents.
Die Pyrolysetrommel (2) ist an mehreren Stellen ihres Umfangs über starre Bolzen (11) drehfest mit der Verbrennungstrommel (1) verbunden. Am inneren Ende der Pyrolysetrommel (2) ist diese über eine konische Wand (12) mit der Innenfläche der Verbrennungstrommel (1) verbunden. Die konische Wand (12) ist im Bereich von darauf endenden Rauchgaskanälen (13) offen. Insgesamt sind vier Rauchgaskanäle (13), wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt, stern- bzw. kreuzförmig angeordnet und an einen gemeinsamen zentralen Einströmstutzen (14) angeschlossen. Zwischen den Rauchgaskanälen (13) und radial innerhalb der Wand (12) ist die Pyrolysetrommel (2) zu dem rechts anschließenden Verbrennungsraum (15) der Verbrennungskammer (1) hin offen. Diese Öffnung ist in Fig. 2 durch vier verkleinerte Quadranten (16) dargestellt. In Fig. 2 ist noch der Einströmstutzen (14) in seiner stirnseitigen Ansicht gezeichnet; in seinem Inneren enthält er Eintrittsöffnungen (17) zu den einzelnen Rauchgaskanälen (13).The pyrolysis drum (2) is non-rotatably connected to the combustion drum (1) at several points along its circumference by means of rigid bolts (11). At the inner end of the pyrolysis drum (2), this is a conical wall (12) connected to the inner surface of the combustion drum (1). The conical wall (12) is open in the area of flue gas ducts (13) ending thereon. A total of four flue gas ducts (13), as shown in FIG. 2, are arranged in a star or cross shape and connected to a common central inflow connector (14). Between the flue gas ducts (13) and radially inside the wall (12), the pyrolysis drum (2) is open to the combustion chamber (15) of the combustion chamber (1) adjoining on the right. This opening is shown in Fig. 2 by four reduced quadrants (16). In Fig. 2, the inflow connector (14) is drawn in its front view; inside it contains inlet openings (17) to the individual flue gas ducts (13).
Die zu veraschenden Abfälle gelangen über die Beschickungseinrichtung (3) in das Innere der Pyrolysetrommel (2) und werden dort mittels einer Fördereinrichtung aus schraubenförmig verlaufenden, an der Innenwand der Pyrolysetrommel befestigten Rippen (18), von links nach rechts transportiert unter der Voraussetzung, daß die Trommeldrehung gemäß Pfeil (P) erfolgt. Entsprechend dem in der Pyrolysetrommel erfolgenden Abbau des Restwassergehalts, d. h. der Trocknung der Abfälle, reduziert sich deren Volumen, wie gezeigt, allmählich in Richtung auf das rechte Ende der Pyrolysetrommel (2) zu. Dort treten die getrockneten Abfälle in Form von Pyrolysekoks aus der Pyrolysetrommel (2) aus und gelangen in den Verbrennungsraum (15) der Verbrennungstrommel (1). Die restlichen brennbaren Bestandteile des Pyrolysekoks werden mit Hilfe eines Brenners (19), der benachbart dem Austragsende der Verbrennungstrommel (1) angeordnet ist, verbrannt. Die Verbrennungstrommel (1) ist an ihrem Austragsende offen; den Verschluß nach außen bewirkt eine Außentrommel (20), welche unter Ausbildung eines Ringraums (21) zwischen dieser und der Verbrennungstrommel (1) drehfest mit dieser verbunden ist. In einem stirnseitigen, dem Austragsende der Verbrennungstrommel (1) benachbarten Deckel (22) der Außentrommel (20) ist eine Brenneröffnung für die Aufnahme des Brenners (19) vorgesehen.The waste to be incinerated reaches the inside of the pyrolysis drum (2) via the loading device (3) and is transported there from the left to the right under the by means of a conveyor device consisting of helical ribs (18) attached to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum Prerequisite that the drum rotation takes place according to arrow (P). In accordance with the reduction of the residual water content in the pyrolysis drum, ie the drying of the waste, the volume thereof gradually decreases, as shown, towards the right end of the pyrolysis drum (2). There, the dried waste in the form of pyrolysis coke exits the pyrolysis drum (2) and enters the combustion chamber (15) of the combustion drum (1). The remaining combustible components of the pyrolysis coke are burned with the aid of a burner (19) which is arranged adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum (1). The combustion drum (1) is open at its discharge end; the closure to the outside is effected by an outer drum (20), which is non-rotatably connected to the combustion drum (1) to form an annular space (21) between the latter. A burner opening for receiving the burner (19) is provided in a front cover (22) of the outer drum (20) adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum (1).
Auch im Bereich des Verbrennungsraums (15) wird der Pyrolysekoks mittels an der Innenseite der Verbrennungstrommel (1) befestigter, schraubenförmiger Rippen (23) in Richtung auf das Austragsende für die Asche gefördert. Durch die Austragsöffnung (24) am rechten Ende der Verbrennungstrommel (1) gelangt die Asche in den Ringraum (21) zwischen Außentrommel (20) und Verbrennungstrommel (1), wandert dort nach links und verläßt durch das offene Ende der Außentrommel (20) den Drehofen. Dabei gibt die heiße Asche noch ihre Wärmeenergie an die Verbrennungstrommel im Bereich der Verbrennungskammer (15) ab.The pyrolysis coke is also on the inside of the combustion chamber (15) Combustion drum (1) attached, helical ribs (23) promoted towards the discharge end for the ashes. The ash enters the annular space (21) between the outer drum (20) and the combustion drum (1) through the discharge opening (24) at the right end of the combustion drum (1), migrates there to the left and leaves the through the open end of the outer drum (20) Rotary kiln. The hot ash still gives off its thermal energy to the combustion drum in the area of the combustion chamber (15).
In Fig. 2 ist unten gemäß der Schnittführung II-II der Fig. 1 der Pyrolysekoks (25) eingezeichnet, wobei die oberhalb des Schnittbereichs geführte Linie (26) den Umriß des Pyrolysekoksbettes im Übergangsbereich zwischen Pyrolysetrommel (2) und Verbrennungsraum (15) darstellt.2 shows the pyrolysis coke (25) according to the cut II-II of FIG. 1, the line (26) above the cutting area representing the outline of the pyrolysis coke bed in the transition area between the pyrolysis drum (2) and the combustion chamber (15) .
Im Inneren der Verbrennungstrommel (1) ist mit durchgezogenen Pfeilen der Strömungsverlauf der Rauchgase eingezeichnet; im Inneren der Pyrolysetrommel (2) ist mit strichliert gezeichneten Pfeilen der Strömungsverlauf der Schwelgase eingezeichnet.Inside the combustion drum (1), the flow of the flue gases is drawn with solid arrows; inside the pyrolysis drum (2) the flow pattern of the carbonization gases is drawn with dashed arrows.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung versteht sich von selbst, daß geeignete Maßnahmen getroffen werden, die Sauerstoffzufuhr in das Innere der Pyrolysekammer (2) zu beschränken. Entsprechende Dichtungsmittel sind in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt; z. B. sind solche Dichtungsmittel zweckmäßig im Öffnungsbereich des Ringraums (21) angeordnet.Within the scope of the invention it goes without saying that suitable measures are taken to restrict the oxygen supply into the interior of the pyrolysis chamber (2). Corresponding sealing means are not shown in the drawing; e.g. B. such sealing means are expediently arranged in the opening area of the annular space (21).
Au dem dargestellten Drehofen sind der Drehantrieb und die Drehlagerung zur Vereinfachung der Zeichnung weggelassen. Einige Temperaturwerte sind als Zahlenangaben eingezeichnet.In the rotary kiln shown, the rotary drive and the rotary bearing are omitted to simplify the drawing. Some temperature values are shown as numbers.
Claims (7)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Schwelkoks aus der Pyrolysetrommel (2) in einem von einem Brenner (19) beheizten Verbrennungsraum (15) zu Asche verbrannt wird, und daß die Rauchgase zur indirekten Beheizung der Pyrolysetrommel (2) verwendet werden, bevor sie in einer Nachbrennkammer verbrannt werden, in welcher auch das Schwelgas zwecks Reduzierung der Brennerenergie für die Nachbrennkammer direkt verbrannt wird.1. Process for incinerating waste in a rotary kiln with an indirectly heated pyrolysis drum (2), in which the waste is carbonized to produce coke, producing carbonization gas,
characterized,
that the smoked coke from the pyrolysis drum (2) is burned to ashes in a combustion chamber (15) heated by a burner (19), and that the flue gases are used for indirectly heating the pyrolysis drum (2) before they are burned in an afterburning chamber, in which the carbonization gas is burned directly to reduce the burner energy for the afterburning chamber.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Verbrennungstrommel (1) in ihrem den Verbrennungsraum (15) bildenden Abschnitt fest mit einer sie umhüllenden Außentrommel (20) verbunden ist, und daß der zwischen dieser und der Verbrennungstrommel (1) gebildete Ringraum (21) mit dem Austragsende der Verbrennungstrommel verbunden ist.3. rotary kiln according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the combustion drum (1) in its portion forming the combustion chamber (15) is firmly connected to an outer drum (20) enveloping it, and that the annular space (21) formed between the latter and the combustion drum (1) is connected to the discharge end of the combustion drum .
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Außentrommel (20) an ihrem dem Austragsende der Verbrennungstrommel (1) benachbarten Ende durch einen Deckel (22) verschlossen ist, welcher eine Öffnung für den Brenner (19) enthält.4. rotary kiln according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the outer drum (20) is closed at its end adjacent to the discharge end of the combustion drum (1) by a cover (22) which contains an opening for the burner (19).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das innere Ende der Pyrolysetrommel (2) über eine ringförmige, zum Austragsende hin schräg nach außen verlaufende Wand (12) an der Innenfläche der Verbrennungstrommel (1) angeschlossen ist, und daß diese Wand (12) im Bereich von darauf endenden Rauchgaskanälen (13), welche mit dem Verbrennungsraum (15) verbunden sind, offen ist.5. rotary kiln according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the inner end of the pyrolysis drum (2) is connected to the inner surface of the combustion drum (1) via an annular wall (12) which extends obliquely towards the discharge end, and that this wall (12) in the region of flue gas ducts (13 ), which are connected to the combustion chamber (15), is open.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Rauchgaskanäle (13) sternförmig angeordnet und an einen gemeinsamen zentralen Einströmstutzen (14) für die Rauchgase angeschlossen sind.6. rotary kiln according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the flue gas ducts (13) are arranged in a star shape and are connected to a common central inlet connection (14) for the flue gases.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Länge der Pyrolysetrommel (2) etwa der halben Länge, wenigstens aber einem Drittel der Länge der Verbrennungstrommel (1) entspricht.7. rotary kiln according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the length of the pyrolysis drum (2) corresponds to approximately half the length, but at least one third of the length of the combustion drum (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87109951T ATE52604T1 (en) | 1986-09-25 | 1987-07-10 | WASTE INCINERATION DEVICE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3632548A DE3632548C1 (en) | 1986-09-25 | 1986-09-25 | Process for ashing waste and device for carrying out the process |
| DE3632548 | 1986-09-25 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0262315A2 true EP0262315A2 (en) | 1988-04-06 |
| EP0262315A3 EP0262315A3 (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| EP0262315B1 EP0262315B1 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
Family
ID=6310305
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87109951A Expired - Lifetime EP0262315B1 (en) | 1986-09-25 | 1987-07-10 | Apparatus for the incineration of waste |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0262315B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE52604T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3632548C1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0360052A1 (en) * | 1988-09-05 | 1990-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Pyrolysis reactor for the thermal disposal of waste |
| GB2350370A (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-11-29 | Technip Benelux B V | Process and device for autothermic gasification of solid fuels |
| ES2259268A1 (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-16 | Bio Watt Iberica, S.L. | System is for creation of liquid fuel from residual plastics involving polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene and has residue placed in metallic recipient or reactor for distillation to produce |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3928748A1 (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-03-07 | Bela Medvey | Furnace for burning wet organic material - has charging conveyor at 20 deg. angle to combustion chamber so that material is pre-heated |
| DE4122157C2 (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1997-05-28 | Hein Lehmann Montage Gmbh | Rotary kiln for the combustion of vegetable matter |
| AT398129B (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1994-09-26 | Waagner Biro Ag | TURNTUBE HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM, ESPECIALLY TURNTUBE TUBES |
| DE102008021016B4 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2021-04-29 | Eisenmann Se | Furnace for pyrolysis of waste material and method of operating such a furnace |
| DE102008021019B4 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2012-06-28 | Eisenmann Ag | Oven for pyrolysis of waste material and method for operating a furnace |
| DE102008021018B4 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2013-07-18 | Eisenmann Ag | Furnace for pyrolysis of waste material |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE347829C (en) * | 1922-01-26 | Curt Gerson Dipl Ing | Rotary kiln for incinerating household waste | |
| US3357382A (en) * | 1965-02-17 | 1967-12-12 | Matteini Silvano | Solid trash drying and incinerating furnace |
| DE1260069B (en) * | 1963-09-26 | 1968-02-01 | Schmitz & Apelt Dr | Garbage incinerator |
| US3861336A (en) * | 1973-11-07 | 1975-01-21 | Shinzaburo Koyanagi | Garbage incinerator |
| DE2433676A1 (en) * | 1973-07-12 | 1975-02-06 | Tohkai Denki Tosoh Kk | INCINERATOR FOR TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE MATERIAL FOR THEIR DISPOSAL |
| WO1981003629A1 (en) * | 1980-06-17 | 1981-12-24 | G Lejeune | Method and device for the treatment of wet product |
| FR2573514A1 (en) * | 1984-11-20 | 1986-05-23 | Bet Bio En Tech Sarl | Burner for ligneous products. |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3347554C2 (en) * | 1983-05-18 | 1986-08-07 | Pka Pyrolyse Kraftanlagen Gmbh, 7080 Aalen | Process for obtaining usable gas from waste by pyrolysis and apparatus for carrying out the process |
-
1986
- 1986-09-25 DE DE3632548A patent/DE3632548C1/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-07-10 AT AT87109951T patent/ATE52604T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-07-10 EP EP87109951A patent/EP0262315B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE347829C (en) * | 1922-01-26 | Curt Gerson Dipl Ing | Rotary kiln for incinerating household waste | |
| DE1260069B (en) * | 1963-09-26 | 1968-02-01 | Schmitz & Apelt Dr | Garbage incinerator |
| US3357382A (en) * | 1965-02-17 | 1967-12-12 | Matteini Silvano | Solid trash drying and incinerating furnace |
| DE2433676A1 (en) * | 1973-07-12 | 1975-02-06 | Tohkai Denki Tosoh Kk | INCINERATOR FOR TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE MATERIAL FOR THEIR DISPOSAL |
| US3861336A (en) * | 1973-11-07 | 1975-01-21 | Shinzaburo Koyanagi | Garbage incinerator |
| WO1981003629A1 (en) * | 1980-06-17 | 1981-12-24 | G Lejeune | Method and device for the treatment of wet product |
| FR2573514A1 (en) * | 1984-11-20 | 1986-05-23 | Bet Bio En Tech Sarl | Burner for ligneous products. |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0360052A1 (en) * | 1988-09-05 | 1990-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Pyrolysis reactor for the thermal disposal of waste |
| GB2350370A (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-11-29 | Technip Benelux B V | Process and device for autothermic gasification of solid fuels |
| ES2259268A1 (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-16 | Bio Watt Iberica, S.L. | System is for creation of liquid fuel from residual plastics involving polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene and has residue placed in metallic recipient or reactor for distillation to produce |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE52604T1 (en) | 1990-05-15 |
| EP0262315B1 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
| EP0262315A3 (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| DE3632548C1 (en) | 1987-10-15 |
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