EP0258240A1 - Safety fencing sword. - Google Patents

Safety fencing sword.

Info

Publication number
EP0258240A1
EP0258240A1 EP86902847A EP86902847A EP0258240A1 EP 0258240 A1 EP0258240 A1 EP 0258240A1 EP 86902847 A EP86902847 A EP 86902847A EP 86902847 A EP86902847 A EP 86902847A EP 0258240 A1 EP0258240 A1 EP 0258240A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
longitudinal
section
zone
blade according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86902847A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0258240B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Andre Begon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Begon SA
Original Assignee
Begon SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Begon SA filed Critical Begon SA
Priority to AT86902847T priority Critical patent/ATE45031T1/en
Publication of EP0258240A1 publication Critical patent/EP0258240A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0258240B1 publication Critical patent/EP0258240B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B13/00—Thrusting-weapons; Cutting-weapons carried as side-arms
    • F41B13/02—Sabres; Cutlasses; Swords; Epees

Definitions

  • fencing blades that is, foils, swords and sabers, are made of treated steel, alloyed or not.
  • the present invention aims to remedy this drawback by providing a safety blade indicating the moment from which the blade risks breaking and must be discarded.
  • the blade according to the invention comprises, at least over part of its length and from its free end, a longitudinal zone, of reduced cross section, of concentration of the stresses stressing the blade and suitable, when the fatigue of the material constituting the blade risks causing its transverse sectioning, to yield longitudinally by dividing the blade into two longitudinal fragments indicating this state of fatigue of the metal.
  • the longitudinal rupture zone is constituted by an axial core which, delimited by two deep longitudinal grooves opening out from the small faces of the blade, and giving it a "H" section, with a thickness ranging from increasing, in proportion to the increase in section of the blade, from the end of the latter to the end of this rupture zone.
  • the blade is lighter and all the stresses affecting it on the surface, during a fight, are distributed over the core and over the length thereof.
  • the longitudinal breaking zone is formed in the rib of the back, between the outer face of this rib and the bottom of a longitudinal groove opening into the concavity of the "V" section, and has an increasing thickness, proportional to the increase in section of the blade, from the end of the latter to the end of this rupture zone
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the foil
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view along line II— II of figure
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view similar to the figure of an alternative embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a sword blade
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view along VIII-VIII of Figure 7
  • Figure 9 is a view, in elevation, showing from below the hollow of the blade of Figure 7 .
  • Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 are sectional views along X-X, XI-XI,
  • Figures 1 ⁇ and 15 are side elevation views showing, to scale enlarged, fragments of foil blades according to two alternative embodiments of the rupture zone.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 designates a foil blade whose tip is extended by a threaded end piece 3 and whose heel is extended by a threaded rod ⁇ for fixing to a handle.
  • this blade has a transverse cross section of generally rectangular shape.
  • this blade has two longitudinal grooves profon ⁇ 6 opening from its small faces and giving it a cross section in "H", that is to say formed by two wings 2a connected by a core 2b. More precisely, the two parallel bottoms 6a of the grooves 6 delimit between them, in the rupture zone 7, a zone of concentration of stresses corresponding to the core 2b of the section in "H". Each of the bottoms 6a is connected to the corresponding lateral faces 6b by rounded fillets 8. As illustrated by FIGS.
  • the grooves have a depth pl-p2 which goes, increasing, substantially in proportion to the increase in dimensions Tl-Dl, T2-D2 of the cross section of the blade, so that the core 2b has, in zone 7, a thickness el-e2 also increasing in proportion to the increase in section to offer constant resistance over this length.
  • the grooves have a constant depth p, and give the core 2b, a thickness E which increases to the heel.
  • the grooves 6 are provided with sloping side faces 6b converging towards the outside and giving them, in cross section, the shape of a trapezoid, the smallest base of which constitutes the opening 6c emerging from the blade.
  • the opening 6c has a height h which is less than the diameter of the casing l ia of the conductor 11 intended to be placed in the groove 6 for transmitting the keys with the opponent's plastron in an electric foil fight.
  • the positioning of the conductor in the corresponding groove 6 is carried out by exerting a pressure on the conductor, in the direction of the bottom of the groove, so that its envelope l ia is deformed elastically during its passage through the opening 6c.
  • the envelope 1a cooperates with the sloping faces 6b of the groove and ensures that the conductor is held in this groove without the need for glue. Thanks to this arrangement, the conductor 11 is perfectly held in the groove and cannot exit outside of the groove, even when the blade is subjected to significant bending. During these flexions, the conductor and its envelope can slide inside the groove 6 without this disturbing its retention in this groove, or the very function of the conductor.
  • the sword shown in Figures 7 to 13 and generally designated by 10, has, in known manner, a "V" cross section delimiting an outer rib 12 going from the tip 13 to the heel 14.
  • the tip 13 is provided with a threaded end piece 15, while the heel 14 is extended by a threaded rod 16.
  • this sword also comprises, over a part of its length and for example over half of its length, as represented by the distance "1" starting from the end of the sword, a longitudinal zone 17 of concentration of stress and longitudinal failure.
  • This area is provided in the rib of the back, between the outer face 12 constituting this rib and the bottom 18a of a groove 18 opening into the concavity of the cross section in "V" of the sword.
  • the depth pl-p2 of the groove 18 increases, as shown in the figures 12 and 13, from the tip 13 of the blade and in proportion to the variation of the dimensions Tl and Dl of the cross section of this blade.
  • the longitudinal rupture zone 17 has a thickness el-e2 which increases from the tip of the blade to the end of the longitudinal zone 7.
  • the groove 18 has a decreasing depth until its bottom 18a is flush with the bottom 20 of the concavity of the profile of the blade, as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the area of this affleu ⁇ ment is located at a distance L from the end of the blade, of value greater than the distance 1.
  • the thickness of the longitudinal break zone 17 of the sword can also be controlled by machining the face 12 with or without groove 18.
  • the thickness el-e2 of the stress concentration zone 17 of the sword, as well as the thickness el-e2 of the stress concentration zone 7 of foil 2 is less than the thickness z of each of the wings 10a-2a which it connects, so as to constitute a rupture zone well.
  • the groove 6-18 making it possible to control the geometric characteristics of the stress concentration zone, can be produced in all the materials constituting the blades. However, its realization is simpler, less expensive and faster in blades made of alloy with structural hardening put temporarily in the softened position, that is to say when the material is in a state of high plasticity and low hardness, after making grooves 6 and other machining operations that the blade is hardened by temperature rise.
  • the core of the foil 2 is crossed in its part corresponding to the longitudinal breaking zone 7, by slots.
  • These lights of circular shape, as shown at 21 in Figure 14 or oblong, as shown at 22 in Figure 15, are distributed in a step, regular or not. They delimit bridges of material 23-24 respectively which increase the concentration of stresses and constitute failure indicators.
  • the oblong openings 22 are inclined between 30 and 60 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the foil, are separated by a small pitch so that the anterior end of each lumen is in front of or at least at the posterior end of the perforation which precedes it.
  • each light can also, in an embodiment not shown, be staggered on either side of the longitu ⁇ dinal axis of the blade while being parallel to this axis.
  • the transverse dimension of each light is less than 1 mm and of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • such perforations 21 or 22 can also be made in the longitudinal breaking zone 17 of the sword, with or without the groove 18.
  • the longitudinal rupture zone extends over half the length of the blade, but it is obvious that this dimension is given only by way of example and that it may as well be between one third and two thirds of the length, or even more, depending on the characteristics of the material constituting the blade, material which may be of steel, or of forged alloy but also a composite material .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR86/00160 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 9, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 9, 1987 PCT Filed May 7, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO86/06824 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 20, 1986.A fencing sword, especially an epee or a foil, whose blade is provided with at least one groove defining a strain concentration zone, dimensioned to rupture longitudinally to separate two longitudinal parts of the blade from one another so that, with subsequent impacts, there is a change in the nature of the sound generated by impact. The rupture occurs when the metal fatigue reaches a point at which transverse rupture might be expected so that the sound change can inform the user of the need to discard the blade.

Description

"Lame d'escrime de sécurité". "Safety fencing blade".
Traditionnellement, les lames d'escrime c'est à dire les fleurets, les épées et les sabres sont réalisés en acier traité, allié ou non.Traditionally, fencing blades, that is, foils, swords and sabers, are made of treated steel, alloyed or not.
Sous les chocs répétés, par contact de deux lames entre elles, mais aussi en raison des fortes contraintes sollicitant les lames, par exemple, lors d'as¬ sauts, le métal constitutif travaille et parvient à se rompre. Lorsque la rupture transversale de la lame se produit à l'occasion d'un assaut, le tronçon de lame restant dans la main de l'escrimeur constitue, par son extrémité section¬ née et en général biseautée, une arme redoutable pouvant pénétrer dans le plastron et dans le corps de l'adversaire au risque de le tuer. Pour remédier à cela, il a été envisagé de réaliser la lame dans un acier à durcissement structural comportant du nickel et du titane associé, ou non, à du molybdène et du cobalt. L'expérience montre que ces lames sont plus résistantes dans le temps mais parviennent, dans certaines conditions d'utilisation intensives, à se rompre transversalement comme les aciers alliés courants. Il semble donc que les aciers à durcissement structural reportent le problème dans le temps mais ne le résolvent pas en totalité.Under repeated shocks, by contact of two blades with each other, but also due to the high stresses urging the blades, for example, during as¬ jumps, the constituent metal works and manages to break. When the transverse rupture of the blade occurs during an assault, the section of blade remaining in the hand of the fencer constitutes, by its sectioned and generally tapered end, a formidable weapon which can penetrate into the chest and in the opponent's body at the risk of killing him. To remedy this, it has been envisaged to produce the blade in a steel with structural hardening comprising nickel and titanium associated, or not, with molybdenum and cobalt. Experience shows that these blades are more resistant over time but manage, under certain conditions of intensive use, to break transversely like common alloy steels. It therefore seems that structural hardening steels postpone the problem over time but do not solve it entirely.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient en fournis¬ sant une lame de sécurité indiquant le moment à partir duquel la lame risque de se rompre et doit être rebutée.The present invention aims to remedy this drawback by providing a safety blade indicating the moment from which the blade risks breaking and must be discarded.
A cet effet, la lame, selon l'invention, comporte, au moins sur une partie de sa longueur et à partir de son extrémité libre, une zone longitudinale, de section transversale réduite, de concentration des contraintes sollicitant la lame et apte, lorsque la fatigue du matériau constitutif de la lame risque d'entrainer son sectionnement transversal, à céder longitudinalement en divi¬ sant la lame en deux fragments longitudinaux indiquant cet état de fatigue du métal.To this end, the blade according to the invention comprises, at least over part of its length and from its free end, a longitudinal zone, of reduced cross section, of concentration of the stresses stressing the blade and suitable, when the fatigue of the material constituting the blade risks causing its transverse sectioning, to yield longitudinally by dividing the blade into two longitudinal fragments indicating this state of fatigue of the metal.
Ainsi, lorsque le métal constitutif de la lame atteint un état de fatigue susceptible d'entrainer la rupture transversale de celle-ci, les contraintes la sollicitant dans un combat, entraînent la rupture de la zone de concentra¬ tion des contraintes, au moins sur une partie de la longueur de la lame. La fente longitudinale ainsi formée modifie les caractéristiques physiques de la lame et procure, au choc, un son différent. Ces modifications des caractéris¬ tiques physiques et sonores indiquent aux deux escrimeurs qu'il faut interrom- pre le combat pour procéder au remplacement de la lame défectueuse, ce qui empêche tout accident corporel.Thus, when the metal constituting the blade reaches a state of fatigue capable of causing the transverse rupture thereof, the stresses urging it in a fight, cause the rupture of the stress concentration zone, at least on part of the length of the blade. The longitudinal slit thus formed modifies the physical characteristics of the blade and gives, on impact, a different sound. These modifications of the physical and sound characteristics indicate to the two fencers that the combat must be interrupted in order to replace the defective blade, which prevents any bodily accident.
Il ressort de ce qui précède que la structure particulière de la lame per¬ met de remplacer le sectionnement transversal, excessivement dangereux, par un sectionnement longitudinal sans conséquence pour les escrimeurs. Dans le cas d'un fleuret, la zone de rupture longitudinale est constituée par une âme axiale qui, délimitée par deux rainures longitudinales profondes débouchant des petites faces de la lame, et lui donnant une section en "H", à une épaisseur allant en croissant, proportionnellement à l'augmentation de section de la lame, depuis l'extrémité de celle-ci jusqu'à la fin de cette zone de rupture.It emerges from the above that the particular structure of the blade makes it possible to replace the excessively dangerous transverse sectioning with a longitudinal sectioning without consequence for the fencers. In the case of a foil, the longitudinal rupture zone is constituted by an axial core which, delimited by two deep longitudinal grooves opening out from the small faces of the blade, and giving it a "H" section, with a thickness ranging from increasing, in proportion to the increase in section of the blade, from the end of the latter to the end of this rupture zone.
Avec cette disposition, la lame est plus légère et toutes les contraintes l'affectant en surface, lors d'un combat, sont réparties sur l'âme et sur la longueur de celle-ci. De plus, les fissures qui se forment dans les ailes de la section transversale en "H" de la lame, suite à la transformation de la structure métallographique du métal sous les charges et au choc, s'arrêtent dans la zone de concentration de contraintes et n 'entraînent le sectionnement transversal de la lame que sur la moitié de l'épaisseur de celle-ci.With this arrangement, the blade is lighter and all the stresses affecting it on the surface, during a fight, are distributed over the core and over the length thereof. In addition, the cracks that form in the wings of the "H" cross section of the blade, following the transformation of the metallographic structure of the metal under loads and impact, stop in the stress concentration zone. and only cause the transverse sectioning of the blade over half the thickness of the latter.
Dans le cas d'une épée ayant, de façon connue, une section transversa- le sensiblement en "V", la zone de rupture longitudinale est ménagée dans la côte du dos, entre la face extérieure de cette côte et le fond d'une rainure longitudinale débouchant dans la concavité de la section en"V", et a une épais¬ seur allant en croissant, proportionnellement à l'augmentation de section de la lame, depuis l'extrémité de celle-ci jusqu'à la fin de cette zone de ruptureIn the case of a sword having, in known manner, a cross section which is substantially "V" shaped, the longitudinal breaking zone is formed in the rib of the back, between the outer face of this rib and the bottom of a longitudinal groove opening into the concavity of the "V" section, and has an increasing thickness, proportional to the increase in section of the blade, from the end of the latter to the end of this rupture zone
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit en référence au dessin schématique annexé, représentant à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, une forme d'exécution d'un fleuret et une forme d'exécution d'une épée selon l'invention. Figure 1 est une vue en perspective du fleuret,The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows with reference to the appended schematic drawing, representing by way of nonlimiting examples, an embodiment of a foil and an embodiment of a sword according to the invention. Figure 1 is a perspective view of the foil,
Figure 2 en est une vue en coupe longitudinale suivant II— II de figureFigure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view along line II— II of figure
1,1,
Figures 3, et 5 sont des vues en coupe suivant III— III, IV-IV et V-V de figure 2 représentant, à échelle agrandie, des sections partielles de la lame. Figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale similaire à figure d'une variante de réalisation,Figures 3, and 5 are sectional views along III - III, IV-IV and V-V of Figure 2 showing, on an enlarged scale, partial sections of the blade. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to the figure of an alternative embodiment,
Figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'une lame d'épée, Figure 8 est une vue en coupe suivant VIII-VIII de figure 7, Figure 9 est une vue, en élévation, montrant par dessous le creux de l lame de figure 7.Figure 7 is a perspective view of a sword blade, Figure 8 is a sectional view along VIII-VIII of Figure 7, Figure 9 is a view, in elevation, showing from below the hollow of the blade of Figure 7 .
Figures 10, 11, 12 et 13 sont des vues en coupe suivant X-X, XI-XI,Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 are sectional views along X-X, XI-XI,
XII-XII et XIII-XIII de figure 8 montrant, à échelle agrandie, des sections transversales de cette lame.XII-XII and XIII-XIII of Figure 8 showing, on an enlarged scale, cross sections of this blade.
Figures 1Ψ et 15 sont des vues de côté en élévation montrant, à échelle agrandie, des fragments de lames de fleuret suivant deux variantes de réalisa¬ tion de la zone de rupture.Figures 1Ψ and 15 are side elevation views showing, to scale enlarged, fragments of foil blades according to two alternative embodiments of the rupture zone.
Aux figures 1 à 6, 2 désigne une lame de fleuret dont la pointe est prolon¬ gée par un embout fileté 3 et dont le talon est prolongé par une tige filetée ^ de fixation à une poignée. De façon connue, cette lame a une section trans¬ versale de forme générale rectangulaire.In FIGS. 1 to 6, 2 designates a foil blade whose tip is extended by a threaded end piece 3 and whose heel is extended by a threaded rod ^ for fixing to a handle. In known manner, this blade has a transverse cross section of generally rectangular shape.
Selon l'invention, cette lame comporte deux rainures longitudinales profon¬ des 6 débouchant de ses petites faces et lui donnant une section transversale en "H", c'est à dire formée par deux ailes 2a reliées par une âme 2b. Plus précisément, les deux fonds parallèles 6a des rainures 6 délimitent entre eux, dans la zone de rupture 7, une zone de concentration de contraintes correspondant à l'âme 2b de la section en "H". Chacun des fonds 6a est rac¬ cordé aux faces latérales correspondantes 6b par des congés arrondis 8. Comme illustré par les figures 3 à 5, sur la distance "1" de contrôle de la rupture allant de l'extrémité de la lame à sensiblement la moitié de la longueur de celle-ci, les rainures ont une profondeur pl-p2 qui va, en croissant, sensible¬ ment proportionnellement à l'augmentation des dimensions Tl-Dl, T2-D2 de la section transversale de la lame, de manière que l'âme 2b ait, dans la zone 7, une épaisseur el-e2 croissant également proportionnellement à l'augmentation de section pour offrir une résistance constante sur cette lon¬ gueur. Au-delà et comme illustré par la figure 3, les rainures ont une profon¬ deur p constante, et donnent à l'âme 2b, une épaisseur E qui va en croissant jusqu'au talon.According to the invention, this blade has two longitudinal grooves profon¬ 6 opening from its small faces and giving it a cross section in "H", that is to say formed by two wings 2a connected by a core 2b. More precisely, the two parallel bottoms 6a of the grooves 6 delimit between them, in the rupture zone 7, a zone of concentration of stresses corresponding to the core 2b of the section in "H". Each of the bottoms 6a is connected to the corresponding lateral faces 6b by rounded fillets 8. As illustrated by FIGS. 3 to 5, over the distance "1" for checking the rupture going from the end of the blade to substantially the half the length thereof, the grooves have a depth pl-p2 which goes, increasing, substantially in proportion to the increase in dimensions Tl-Dl, T2-D2 of the cross section of the blade, so that the core 2b has, in zone 7, a thickness el-e2 also increasing in proportion to the increase in section to offer constant resistance over this length. Beyond and as illustrated by FIG. 3, the grooves have a constant depth p, and give the core 2b, a thickness E which increases to the heel.
Lorsque cette lame est utilisée, les chocs répétés et les contraintes alternées de compression et d'extension, affectant les ailes de la section en "H", sont reportés sur toute la longueur de l'âme 2b. Il en résulte que la fatigue du métal affecte d'abord la zone 7 qui, en raison de son épais¬ seur réduite, cède la première. La cassure s'effectue non pas transversale¬ ment, comme c'est le cas dans les lames traditionnelles, mais longitudina- lement sur au moins une partie de la longueur de la lame et se caractérise par une fente longitudinale qui sépare les deux ailes de la section en "H". Cette cassure affecte la résistance et l'élasticité de la lame, mais aussi modifie sa sonorité aux chocs et constitue ainsi indicateur de remplacement de la lame. Ces rainures délimitent donc une zone longitudinale 7 qui, en concen¬ trant les contraintes, non seulement, s'oppose à la rupture transversale dange¬ reuse de la lame mais transforme cette rupture dans le sens longitudinal et informe l'utilisateur de la nécessité de rebuter sa lame.When this blade is used, repeated shocks and alternating compression and extension stresses, affecting the wings of the "H" section, are carried over the entire length of the core 2b. As a result, the fatigue of the metal first affects zone 7 which, due to its reduced thickness, gives way first. The break takes place not transversely, as is the case in traditional blades, but longitudinally over at least part of the length of the blade and is characterized by a longitudinal slot which separates the two wings from the "H" section. This break affects the resistance and elasticity of the blade, but also changes its impact sound and is therefore an indicator of blade replacement. These grooves therefore delimit a longitudinal zone 7 which, by concentrating the stresses, not only opposes the dangerous transverse rupture of the blade but transforms this rupture in the longitudinal direction and informs the user of the need to put off his blade.
Dans une forme d'exécution représentée à la figure 6, les rainures 6 sont munies de faces latérales 6b pentues convergeant vers l'extérieur et leur donnant, en section transversale, la forme d'un trapèze dont la plus petite base constitue l'ouverture 6c débouchant de la lame. L'ouverture 6c a une hauteur h qui est inférieure au diamètre de l'enveloppe l ia du conduc- teur 11 destiné à être disposé dans la rainure 6 pour transmettre les touches avec le plastron de l'adversaire dans un combat au fleuret électrique.In an embodiment shown in Figure 6, the grooves 6 are provided with sloping side faces 6b converging towards the outside and giving them, in cross section, the shape of a trapezoid, the smallest base of which constitutes the opening 6c emerging from the blade. The opening 6c has a height h which is less than the diameter of the casing l ia of the conductor 11 intended to be placed in the groove 6 for transmitting the keys with the opponent's plastron in an electric foil fight.
Comme représenté sur la partie gauche de la figure 6, la mise en place du conducteur dans la rainure 6 correspondante s'effectue en exerçant sur le conducteur une pression, en direction du fond de la rainure, de manière que son enveloppe l ia se déforme élastiquement lors de son passage par l'ouverture 6c. Lorsque le conducteur est disposé dans la rainure 6, l'élasticité naturelle de l'enveloppe l ia redonne à celle-ci sa dimension originelle. Comme représenté sur la partie droite de cette même figure 6, l'enveloppe l ia coopère avec les faces pentues 6b de la rainure et assure le maintien du conducteur dans cette rainure sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'avoir recours à de la colle. Grâce à cet agencement, le conducteur 11 est parfaitement maintenu dans la rainure et ne peut pas sortir à l'extérieur de celle-ci, même lorsque la lame est soumise à des flexions importantes. Durant ces flexions, le conduc¬ teur et son enveloppe peuvent coulisser à l'intérieur de la rainure 6 sans que cela perturbe son maintien dans cette rainure, ou la fonction même du conducteur.As shown on the left side of FIG. 6, the positioning of the conductor in the corresponding groove 6 is carried out by exerting a pressure on the conductor, in the direction of the bottom of the groove, so that its envelope l ia is deformed elastically during its passage through the opening 6c. When the conductor is placed in the groove 6, the natural elasticity of the casing l ia restores the latter to its original size. As shown on the right-hand side of this same FIG. 6, the envelope 1a cooperates with the sloping faces 6b of the groove and ensures that the conductor is held in this groove without the need for glue. Thanks to this arrangement, the conductor 11 is perfectly held in the groove and cannot exit outside of the groove, even when the blade is subjected to significant bending. During these flexions, the conductor and its envelope can slide inside the groove 6 without this disturbing its retention in this groove, or the very function of the conductor.
Enfin, ce mode de maintien du conducteur facilite considérablement son remplacement, puisqu'il ne nécessite plus de procéder aux délicates opéra¬ tions de décollage du conducteur défaillant par des solvants et de recollage du nouveau conducteur. La rainure à section trapézoïdale peut être réalisée d'un seul côté du fleuret.Finally, this method of holding the driver considerably facilitates its replacement, since it no longer requires carrying out the delicate operations of take-off of the faulty conductor by solvents and of re-bonding of the new conductor. The trapezoidal section groove can be made on one side of the foil only.
L'épée, représentée aux figures 7 à 13 et désignée de façon générale par 10, présente, de façon connue, une section transversale en "V" délimi¬ tant une côte extérieure 12 allant de la pointe 13 au talon 14. La pointe 13 est munie d'un embout fileté 15, tandis que le talon 14 est prolongé par une tige filetée 16.The sword, shown in Figures 7 to 13 and generally designated by 10, has, in known manner, a "V" cross section delimiting an outer rib 12 going from the tip 13 to the heel 14. The tip 13 is provided with a threaded end piece 15, while the heel 14 is extended by a threaded rod 16.
Selon l'invention, cette épée comporte également, sur une partie de sa longueur et par exemple sur la moitié de sa longueur, comme représenté par la distance "1" partant de l'extrémité de l'épée, une zone longitudinale 17 de concentration de contraintes et de rupture longitudinale. Cette zone est ménagée dans la côte du dos, entre la face extérieure 12 constituant cette côte et le fond 18a d'une rainure 18 débouchant dans la concavité de la section transversale en "V" de l'épée. Sur la partie de longueur 1 ' de la lame, la profondeur pl-p2 de la rainure 18 croît, comme montré aux figures 12 et 13, depuis la pointe 13 de la lame et proportionnellement à la variation des dimensions Tl et Dl de la section transversale de cette lame. Il en résulte que la zone de rupture longitudinale 17 a une épaisseur el-e2 qui va en crois¬ sant depuis la pointe de la lame jusqu'à la fin de la zone longitudinale 7. Au-delà et en continuant en direction du talon 14, la rainure 18 a une profon¬ deur décroissante jusqu'à ce que son fond 18a affleure le fond 20 de la concavi¬ té du profil de la lame, comme montré à la figure 10. La zone de cet affleu¬ rement est située à une distance L de l'extrémité de la lame, de valeur supé¬ rieure à la distance 1. Avec cet agencement, lorsque le métal constituant la lame est fatigué au point d'entrainer '' une rupture de celle-ci, la rupture s'effectue longitudi¬ nalement dans la zone de concentration de contraintes 17 sous la forme d'une fissure séparant les deux ailes de la section en "V". Comme pour le fleuret, cette rupture entraine une modification des caractéristiques élastiques de la lame et une modification de sa sonorité aux chocs, indiquant à l'utilisateur qu'il faut arrêter le combat et rebuter la lame.According to the invention, this sword also comprises, over a part of its length and for example over half of its length, as represented by the distance "1" starting from the end of the sword, a longitudinal zone 17 of concentration of stress and longitudinal failure. This area is provided in the rib of the back, between the outer face 12 constituting this rib and the bottom 18a of a groove 18 opening into the concavity of the cross section in "V" of the sword. On the length part 1 ′ of the blade, the depth pl-p2 of the groove 18 increases, as shown in the figures 12 and 13, from the tip 13 of the blade and in proportion to the variation of the dimensions Tl and Dl of the cross section of this blade. As a result, the longitudinal rupture zone 17 has a thickness el-e2 which increases from the tip of the blade to the end of the longitudinal zone 7. Beyond and continuing in the direction of the heel 14 , the groove 18 has a decreasing depth until its bottom 18a is flush with the bottom 20 of the concavity of the profile of the blade, as shown in FIG. 10. The area of this affleu¬ ment is located at a distance L from the end of the blade, of value greater than the distance 1. With this arrangement, when the metal constituting the blade is tired to the point of causing '' a rupture thereof, the rupture s 'Longitudi¬ nally in the stress concentration zone 17 in the form of a crack separating the two wings of the section in "V". As with the foil, this rupture leads to a modification of the elastic characteristics of the blade and a modification of its impact sound, indicating to the user that it is necessary to stop the fight and put off the blade.
L'épaisseur de la zone 17 de rupture longitudinale de l'épée peut aussi être contrôlée par usinage de la face 12 avec ou sans rainure 18.The thickness of the longitudinal break zone 17 of the sword can also be controlled by machining the face 12 with or without groove 18.
Il est à noter que l'épaisseur el-e2 de la zone de concentration des contrai n- tes 17 de l'épée, de même que l'épaisseur el-e2 de la zone de concentration de contraintes 7 du fleuret 2 est inférieure à l'épaisseur z de chacune des ailes 10a-2a qu'elle relie, de manière à bien constituer zone de rupture.It should be noted that the thickness el-e2 of the stress concentration zone 17 of the sword, as well as the thickness el-e2 of the stress concentration zone 7 of foil 2 is less than the thickness z of each of the wings 10a-2a which it connects, so as to constitute a rupture zone well.
La rainure 6-18, permettant de maîtriser les caractéristiques géométri¬ ques de la zone de concentration de contraintes, peut être réalisée dans tous les matériaux constituant les lames. Toutefois, sa réalisation est plus simple, moins onéreuse et plus rapide dans des lames réalisées en alliage à durcisse¬ ment structural mis temporairement en position adoucie c'est à dire lorsque le matériau est dans un état de forte plasticité et de faible dureté, après réalisation des rainures 6 et des autres usinages que la lame est mise en duretée par montée en température.The groove 6-18, making it possible to control the geometric characteristics of the stress concentration zone, can be produced in all the materials constituting the blades. However, its realization is simpler, less expensive and faster in blades made of alloy with structural hardening put temporarily in the softened position, that is to say when the material is in a state of high plasticity and low hardness, after making grooves 6 and other machining operations that the blade is hardened by temperature rise.
Dans les variantes de réalisation représentées aux figures 14 et 15, l'âme du fleuret 2 est traversée dans sa partie correspondant à la zone de rupture longitudinale 7, par des lumières. Ces lumières de forme circulaire, comme montrées en 21 à la figure 14 ou oblongues, comme montrées en 22 à la figure 15, sont réparties suivant un pas, régulier ou non. Elles délimitent des ponts de matière respectivement 23-24 qui augmentent la concentration des con¬ traintes et constituent des témoins de rupture. Les lumières oblongues 22 sont inclinées entre 30 et 60° par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du fleuret, sont séparées par un faible pas de manière que l'extrémité antérieure de chaque lumière soit en avant ou au moins au niveau de l'extrémité postérieure de la perforation qui la précède. Elle peuvent aussi, dans une forme d'exécution non représentée, être disposées en quinconce de part et d'autre de l'axe longitu¬ dinal de la lame tout en étant parallèle à cet axe. La dimension transversale de chaque lumière est inférieure à 1 mm et de l'ordre de quelques dixièmes de millimètres. Comme montré aux figures 12 et 13, de telles perforations 21 ou 22 peuvent aussi être réalisées dans la zone de rupture longitudinale 17 de l'épée, avec ou sans la rainure 18.In the variant embodiments shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the core of the foil 2 is crossed in its part corresponding to the longitudinal breaking zone 7, by slots. These lights of circular shape, as shown at 21 in Figure 14 or oblong, as shown at 22 in Figure 15, are distributed in a step, regular or not. They delimit bridges of material 23-24 respectively which increase the concentration of stresses and constitute failure indicators. The oblong openings 22 are inclined between 30 and 60 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the foil, are separated by a small pitch so that the anterior end of each lumen is in front of or at least at the posterior end of the perforation which precedes it. It can also, in an embodiment not shown, be staggered on either side of the longitu¬ dinal axis of the blade while being parallel to this axis. The transverse dimension of each light is less than 1 mm and of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, such perforations 21 or 22 can also be made in the longitudinal breaking zone 17 of the sword, with or without the groove 18.
Dans les formes d'exécution qui précèdent, il a été indiqué que la zone de rupture longitudinale s'étendait sur la moitié de la longueur de la lame mais il est évident que cette dimension n'est donnée qu'à titre d'exemple et qu'elle peut aussi bien être comprise entre le tiers et les deux tiers de la longueur, ou même plus, en fonction des caractéristiques du matériau consti¬ tuant la lame, matériau pouvant être en acier, ou en alliage forgé mais aussi un matériau composite. In the above embodiments, it has been indicated that the longitudinal rupture zone extends over half the length of the blade, but it is obvious that this dimension is given only by way of example and that it may as well be between one third and two thirds of the length, or even more, depending on the characteristics of the material constituting the blade, material which may be of steel, or of forged alloy but also a composite material .

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Lame d'escrime de sécurité caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins sur une partie de sa longueur et à partir de son extrémité libre, une zone longitudinale 7-17, de section transversale réduite, de concentration des contraintes sollicitant la lame 2-10 et apte, lorsque la fatigue du matériau constitutif de la lame risque d'entrainer son sectionnement transversal, à céder longitudinalement en divisant la lame en deux fragments longitudinaux indiquant cet état de fatigue du métal.1. Safety fencing blade characterized in that it comprises at least over part of its length and from its free end, a longitudinal zone 7-17, of reduced cross section, of concentration of the stresses stressing the blade 2-10 and suitable, when the fatigue of the material constituting the blade risks causing its transverse sectioning, to yield longitudinally by dividing the blade into two longitudinal fragments indicating this state of fatigue of the metal.
2. Lame selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que, pour un fleuret, la zone de rupture longitudinale 7 est constituée par une âme axiale 2b qui, délimitée par deux rainures longitudinales profondes 6 débouchant des petites faces de la lame et lui donnant une section en "H", a une épaisseur el-e2 allant en croissant, proportionnellement à l'augmentation de section de la lame 2, depuis l'extrémité à celle-ci jusqu'à la fin de cette zone de rupture 7.2. Blade according to claim 1 characterized in that, for a foil, the longitudinal breaking zone 7 is constituted by an axial core 2b which, delimited by two deep longitudinal grooves 6 opening out from the small faces of the blade and giving it a section in "H", has a thickness el-e2 increasing, in proportion to the increase in section of the blade 2, from the end to the latter until the end of this rupture zone 7.
3. Lame selon l'ensemble des revendications 1 et 2 caractérisée en ce que, au moins l'une des rainures longitudinales 6, d'une part, a en section transversale une forme sensiblement trapézoïdale dont le petit côté constituant l'ouverture 6c débouchant de la lame, a une longueur inférieure au diamètre de l'enveloppe du conducteur électrique 11 pouvant se loger dans la rainure, et, d'autre part, présente des faces latérales 6a pentues aptes à assurer le maintien mécanique de ce conducteur après qu'il ait été engagé dans la rainure avec déformation élastique de son enveloppe.3. Blade according to all of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that, at least one of the longitudinal grooves 6, on the one hand, has in cross section a substantially trapezoidal shape whose short side constituting the opening 6c opening of the blade, has a length less than the diameter of the envelope of the electrical conductor 11 which can be housed in the groove, and, on the other hand, has sloping side faces 6a capable of ensuring the mechanical maintenance of this conductor after it was engaged in the groove with elastic deformation of its envelope.
4. Lame selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 3 caractérisée en ce que les deux rainures 6 ont des fonds 6a parallèles entre eux et se raccordant par des congés arrondis 8 aux faces latérales correspondantes 6b de ces rainures.4. Blade according to any one of claims 2 to 3 characterized in that the two grooves 6 have funds 6a parallel to each other and connecting by rounded fillets 8 to the corresponding side faces 6b of these grooves.
5. Lame selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que, pour une épée, ayant de façon connue une section transversale sensiblement en "V", la zone de rupture longitudinale 17 est ménagée dans la côte du dos, entre la face externe 12 de cette côte et le fond 18a d'une rainure 18, débouchant de la concavité de la section en "V", et a une épaisseur el allant en croissant, proportionnellement à l'augmentation de section de la lame 10, depuis l'extrémi¬ té de celle-ci jusqu'à la fin de la zone de rupture 17. 5. Blade according to claim 1 characterized in that, for a sword, having in known manner a cross section substantially in "V", the longitudinal breaking zone 17 is formed in the rib of the back, between the outer face 12 of this rib and bottom 18a of a groove 18, emerging from the concavity of the "V" section, and having a thickness el increasing, in proportion to the increase in section of the blade 10, from the end from it to the end of the rupture zone 17.
6. Lame selon la revendication 1 et l'une quelconque des revendications6. Blade according to claim 1 and any one of claims
2 à 5 caractérisée en ce que dans chaque section de la lame l'épaisseur el-e2 de la zone de rupture longitudinale 7-17 est inférieure à l'épaisseur z de chacune des ailes 2a-10a que cette zone relie.2 to 5 characterized in that in each section of the blade the thickness el-e2 of the longitudinal rupture zone 7-17 is less than the thickness z of each of the wings 2a-10a that this zone connects.
7. Lame selon la revendication 1 et l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6 caractérisé en ce que sa zone de rupture longitudinale 7-17 est traversée par des lumières transversales 21-22.7. Blade according to claim 1 and any one of claims 2 to 6 characterized in that its longitudinal rupture zone 7-17 is crossed by transverse slots 21-22.
8. Lame selon la revendication 7 caractérisée en ce que les lumières 22 sont circulaires. 8. Blade according to claim 7 characterized in that the lights 22 are circular.
9. Lame selon la revendication 7 caractérisée en ce que les lumières sont oblongues.9. Blade according to claim 7 characterized in that the lights are oblong.
10. Lame selon l'ensemble des revendications 7 et 9 caractérisée en ce que les lumières oblongues 22 sont inclinées par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la lame et sont espacées par un pas réduit de manière que l'extrémité postérieure de la lumière antérieure de chacune d'elles soit en avant de l'extré¬ mité postérieure de la lumière 22 précédente. i l. Lame selon l'ensemble des revendications 7 et 9 caractérisée en ce que les lumières oblongues 22 sont parallèles à l'axe longitudinal de la lame disposées en quinconce et de part et d'autre de cet axe. 10. Blade according to all of claims 7 and 9 characterized in that the oblong slots 22 are inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the blade and are spaced by a reduced pitch so that the rear end of the anterior lumen of each of them is in front of the rear extremity of the preceding light 22. he. Blade according to all of claims 7 and 9 characterized in that the oblong slots 22 are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the blade arranged in staggered rows and on either side of this axis.
EP86902847A 1985-05-10 1986-05-07 Safety fencing sword Expired EP0258240B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86902847T ATE45031T1 (en) 1985-05-10 1986-05-07 SAFETY FENCING BLADE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8507459A FR2581744B1 (en) 1985-05-10 1985-05-10 SAFETY FENCING BLADE
FR8507459 1985-05-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258240A1 true EP0258240A1 (en) 1988-03-09
EP0258240B1 EP0258240B1 (en) 1989-07-26

Family

ID=9319354

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86902847A Expired EP0258240B1 (en) 1985-05-10 1986-05-07 Safety fencing sword

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4817942A (en)
EP (1) EP0258240B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE45031T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3664682D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2581744B1 (en)
HU (1) HUT46142A (en)
SU (1) SU1600617A3 (en)
WO (1) WO1986006824A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2614409B1 (en) * 1987-04-23 1989-07-21 Begon Jean SWORD BLADE
DE4303871A1 (en) * 1992-02-13 1993-08-19 Leon Paul Equipment Co Ltd
GB2264065B (en) * 1992-02-13 1995-04-26 Leon Paul Equip Co Ltd Fencing blade
US6099608A (en) 1998-07-30 2000-08-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Rotating filtration cartridge and blower for HVAC applications
US6521011B1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2003-02-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Self-supporting pleated filter and method of making same
US6437372B1 (en) 2000-01-07 2002-08-20 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Diffusion barrier spikes for III-V structures
US6348086B1 (en) * 2000-02-16 2002-02-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Combination blower wheel and filter cartridge system for HVAC applications
US6497619B2 (en) * 2000-06-01 2002-12-24 David D. Dowdy Scoring apparatus for simulated combat
US6565484B1 (en) 2002-01-23 2003-05-20 William C. Adams Fencing sword
EP1703954A4 (en) * 2003-12-09 2008-05-14 Adrian Blair Gardiner A game
US7228633B2 (en) * 2004-03-01 2007-06-12 Ryan Peter M Saber
US20050204714A1 (en) * 2004-03-22 2005-09-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Self-supporting pleated filter and method of making same
US7156891B2 (en) * 2004-09-10 2007-01-02 Filtration Group Incorporated Forced air system air filter
US20180094899A1 (en) * 2016-10-05 2018-04-05 Ronald J. Thornton Fencing Sport Safety Blade

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DD34206A (en) *
FR393476A (en) * 1908-08-19 1908-12-23 Gilbert Bougnol Kind of unbreakable foil sword
FR439666A (en) * 1912-02-02 1912-06-20 Gilbert Bougnol Improvements in the construction of fencing weapons, épées, foils and sabers
US2338007A (en) * 1940-04-27 1943-12-28 James E Krilow Cake and fruit knife
FR1363602A (en) * 1963-07-05 1964-06-12 Foil blade
GB1473751A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-05-18 Equipment P Co Ltd Blades for fencing swords
DE3239051C2 (en) * 1982-10-22 1986-08-07 Uhlmann Sportgeräte GmbH & Co KG, 7958 Laupheim Fencing blade

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO8606824A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2581744B1 (en) 1987-07-24
WO1986006824A1 (en) 1986-11-20
US4817942A (en) 1989-04-04
FR2581744A1 (en) 1986-11-14
EP0258240B1 (en) 1989-07-26
HUT46142A (en) 1988-09-28
DE3664682D1 (en) 1989-08-31
ATE45031T1 (en) 1989-08-15
SU1600617A3 (en) 1990-10-15

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