EP0258240B1 - Safety fencing sword - Google Patents

Safety fencing sword Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0258240B1
EP0258240B1 EP86902847A EP86902847A EP0258240B1 EP 0258240 B1 EP0258240 B1 EP 0258240B1 EP 86902847 A EP86902847 A EP 86902847A EP 86902847 A EP86902847 A EP 86902847A EP 0258240 B1 EP0258240 B1 EP 0258240B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
longitudinal
rupture
section
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86902847A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0258240A1 (en
Inventor
Jean André BEGON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Begon SA
Original Assignee
Begon SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Begon SA filed Critical Begon SA
Priority to AT86902847T priority Critical patent/ATE45031T1/en
Publication of EP0258240A1 publication Critical patent/EP0258240A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0258240B1 publication Critical patent/EP0258240B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B13/00—Thrusting-weapons; Cutting-weapons carried as side-arms
    • F41B13/02—Sabres; Cutlasses; Swords; Epees

Definitions

  • fencing blades that is, foils, swords and sabers, are made of treated steel, alloyed or not.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by providing a safety blade indicating the moment from which the blade risks breaking and must be discarded.
  • the blade according to the invention comprises, at least over part of its length and from its free end, a longitudinal zone, of reduced cross section, of concentration of stresses urging the blade and suitable, when the fatigue of the material constituting the blade risks causing its transverse sectioning, to yield longitudinally by dividing the blade into two longitudinal fragments indicating this state of fatigue of the metal.
  • the metal constituting the blade reaches a state of fatigue capable of causing the transverse rupture of the latter, the stresses urging it in a fight cause the rupture of the stress concentration zone, at least over part of the length of the blade.
  • the longitudinal slit thus formed modifies the physical characteristics of the blade and provides, on impact, a different sound.
  • the longitudinal rupture zone is constituted by an axial core which, delimited by two deep longitudinal grooves opening out from the small faces of the blade, and giving it a “H” section, has a thickness ranging from increasing, in proportion to the increase in section of the blade, from the end of the latter to the end of this rupture zone.
  • the blade is lighter and all the stresses affecting it on the surface, during a fight, are distributed over the core and over the length thereof.
  • the longitudinal breaking zone is formed in the rib of the back, between the outer face of this rib and the bottom of a longitudinal groove opening into the concavity of the “V” section, and has an increasing thickness, in proportion to the increase in section of the blade, from the end of the latter to the end of this rupture zone.
  • FIG. 1 to 6 denotes a foil blade whose tip is extended by a threaded end 3 and whose heel is extended by a threaded rod 4 for attachment to a handle.
  • this blade has a generally rectangular cross section.
  • this blade has two deep longitudinal grooves 6 emerging from its small faces and giving it a cross section in "H", that is to say formed by two wings 2a connected by a core 2b. More precisely, the two parallel bottoms 6a of the grooves 6 delimit between them, in the rupture zone 7, a stress concentration zone corresponding to the core 2b of the “H” section. Each of the bottoms 6a is connected to the corresponding lateral faces 6b by rounded fillets 8. As illustrated by FIGS.
  • the grooves have a depth p1-p2 which increases, substantially proportional to the increase in the dimensions T1-D1, T2-D2 of the cross section of the blade, so that the core 2b have, in zone 7, a thickness e1-e2 also increasing in proportion to the increase in section to offer constant resistance over this length.
  • the grooves have a constant depth p, and give the core 2b a thickness E which goes up to the heel.
  • These grooves thus define a longitudinal area 7 which, by concentrating stresses, not only precludes the transverse rupture dan- g ereuse of the blade, but this turns out in the longitudinal direction and informs the user of the need to discard his blade.
  • the grooves 6 are provided with sloping side faces 6b converging inwardly and giving them, in cross section, the shape of a trapezoid whose smallest base constitutes the opening 6c emerging from the blade.
  • the opening 6c has a height h which is less than the diameter of the envelope 11a of the conductor 11 intended to be disposed in the groove 6 for transmitting the keys with the opponent's plastron in a fight with the electric foil.
  • the positioning of the conductor in the corresponding groove 6 is carried out by exerting a pressure on the conductor, in the direction of the bottom of the groove, so that its envelope 11 a is deformed elastically during its passage through the opening 6c.
  • the natural elasticity of the envelope 11 a restores the latter to its original dimension.
  • the casing 11a cooperates with the sloping faces 6b of the groove and ensures that the conductor is held in this groove without the need for glue.
  • the conductor 11 is perfectly held in the groove and cannot come out of it, even when the blade is subjected to significant bending. During these flexions, the conductor and its envelope can slide inside the groove 6 without this disturbing its retention in this groove, or the very function of the conductor.
  • the sword shown in Figures 7 to 13 and generally designated by 10, has, in known manner, a cross section in "V" delimiting an outer rib 12 going from the tip 13 to the heel 14.
  • the tip 13 is provided with a threaded end piece 15, while the heel 14 is extended by a threaded rod 16.
  • this sword also comprises, over a part of its length and for example over half of its length, as represented by the distance "I starting from the end of the sword, a longitudinal zone 17 of concentration of stresses and longitudinal failure.
  • This zone is formed in the rib of the back, between the outer face 12 constituting this rib and the bottom 18a of a groove 18 opening into the concavity of the “V” cross section of the sword.
  • the depth p1 -p2 of the groove 18 increases, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, from the tip 13 of the blade and in proportion to the variation of the dimensions T1 and D1 of the cross section of this blade.
  • the longitudinal rupture zone 17 has a thickness e1 -e2 which increases from the tip of the blade to the end of the longitudinal zone 7.
  • the groove 18 has a decreasing depth until its bottom 18a touches the bottom 20 of the concavity of the profile of the blade, as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the area of this outcrop is located at a distance L from the end of the blade, of value greater than the distance I.
  • the thickness of the longitudinal break zone 17 of the sword can also be controlled by machining the face 12 with or without groove 18.
  • the thickness e1-e2 of the stress concentration zone 7 of the foil 2 is less than the thickness z of each of the wings 1 Oa-2a which it connects, so as to constitute a zone of rupture.
  • the groove 6-18 making it possible to control the geometrical characteristics of the zone of concentration of stresses, can be carried out in all the materials constituting the blades. However, its realization is simpler, less expensive and faster in blades made of alloy with structural hardening temporarily put in softened position, that is to say when the material is in a state of high plasticity and low hardness, after completion of the grooves 6 and of the other machining operations, the blade is hardened by temperature rise.
  • the core of the foil 2 is crossed, in its part corresponding to the longitudinal rupture zone 7, by slots.
  • These circular lights, as shown at 21 in Figure 14, or oblong, as shown at 22 in Figure 15, are distributed in a step, regular or not. They delimit bridges of material respectively 23-24 which increase the concentration of the stresses and constitute witnesses of rupture.
  • the oblong slots 22, inclined between 30 and 60 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the foil, are separated by a small step so that the anterior end of each lumen is in front or at least at the posterior end of the perforation which precedes it. They can also, in an embodiment not shown, be staggered on either side of the longitudinal axis of the blade while being parallel to this axis.
  • each light is less than 1 mm and of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • perforations 21 or 22 can also be made in the longitudinal breaking zone 17 of the sword, with or without the groove 18.
  • the longitudinal rupture zone extended over half the length of the blade, but it is obvious that this dimension is given only by way of example and that it may as well be between one third and two thirds of the length, or even more, depending on the characteristics of the material constituting the blade, material which may be steel, or a forged alloy, but also a composite material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR86/00160 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 9, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 9, 1987 PCT Filed May 7, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO86/06824 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 20, 1986.A fencing sword, especially an epee or a foil, whose blade is provided with at least one groove defining a strain concentration zone, dimensioned to rupture longitudinally to separate two longitudinal parts of the blade from one another so that, with subsequent impacts, there is a change in the nature of the sound generated by impact. The rupture occurs when the metal fatigue reaches a point at which transverse rupture might be expected so that the sound change can inform the user of the need to discard the blade.

Description

Traditionnellement, les lames d'escrime, c'est-à-dire les fleurets, les épées et les sabres, sont réalisées en acier traité, allié ou non.Traditionally, fencing blades, that is, foils, swords and sabers, are made of treated steel, alloyed or not.

Sous les chocs répétés, par contact de deux lames entre elles, mais aussi en raison des fortes contraintes sollicitant les lames, par exemple, lors d'assauts, le métal constitutif travaille et parvient à se rompre. Lorsque la rupture transversale de la lame se produit à l'occasion d'un assaut, le tronçon de lame restant dans la main de l'escrimeur constitue, par son extrémité sectionnée et en général biseautée, une arme redoutable pouvant pénétrer dans le plastron et dans le corps de l'adversaire au risque de le tuer. Pour remédier à cela, il a été envisagé de réaliser la lame dans un acier à durcissement structurai comportant du nickel et du titane associés, ou non, à du molybdène et à du cobalt. L'expérience montre que ces lames sont plus résistantes dans le temps mais parviennent, dans certaines conditions d'utilisation intensives, à se rompre transversalement comme les aciers alliés courants. Il semble donc que les aciers à durcissement structural reportent le problème dans le temps, mais ne le résolvent pas en totalité.Under repeated shocks, by contact of two blades with each other, but also due to the high stresses stressing the blades, for example, during assaults, the constituent metal works and manages to break. When the transverse rupture of the blade occurs during an assault, the section of blade remaining in the hand of the fencer constitutes, by its sectioned and generally bevelled end, a formidable weapon which can penetrate into the plastron and in the opponent's body at the risk of killing him. To remedy this, it was envisaged to produce the blade in a structural hardening steel comprising nickel and titanium associated, or not, with molybdenum and cobalt. Experience shows that these blades are more resistant over time but manage, under certain conditions of intensive use, to break transversely like common alloy steels. It therefore seems that structurally hardened steels postpone the problem over time, but do not solve it entirely.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient en fournissant une lame de sécurité indiquant le moment à partir duquel la lame risque de se rompre et doit être rebutée.The object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by providing a safety blade indicating the moment from which the blade risks breaking and must be discarded.

A cet effet, la lame, selon l'invention, comporte, au moins sur une partie de sa longueur et à partir de son extrémité libre, une zone longitudinale, de section transversale réduite, de concentration des contraintes sollicitant la lame et apte, lorsque la fatigue du matériau constitutif de la lame risque d'entraîner son sectionnement transversal, à céder longitudinalement en divisant la lame en deux fragments longitudinaux indiquant cet état de fatigue du métal.To this end, the blade according to the invention comprises, at least over part of its length and from its free end, a longitudinal zone, of reduced cross section, of concentration of stresses urging the blade and suitable, when the fatigue of the material constituting the blade risks causing its transverse sectioning, to yield longitudinally by dividing the blade into two longitudinal fragments indicating this state of fatigue of the metal.

Ainsi, lorsque le métal constitutif de la lame atteint un état de fatigue susceptible d'entraîner la rupture transversale de celle-ci, les contraintes la sollicitant dans un combat entraînent la rupture de la zone de concentration des contraintes, au moins sur une partie de la longueur de la lame. La fente longitudinale ainsi formée modifie les caractéristiques physiques de la lame et procure, au choc, un son différent. Ces modifications des caractéristiques physiques et sonores indiquent aux deux escrimeurs qu'il faut interrompre le combat pour procéder au remplacement de la lame défectueuse, ce qui empêche tout accident corporel.Thus, when the metal constituting the blade reaches a state of fatigue capable of causing the transverse rupture of the latter, the stresses urging it in a fight cause the rupture of the stress concentration zone, at least over part of the length of the blade. The longitudinal slit thus formed modifies the physical characteristics of the blade and provides, on impact, a different sound. These modifications of the physical and sound characteristics indicate to the two fencers that it is necessary to interrupt the fight to proceed to the replacement of the defective blade, which prevents any bodily accident.

Il ressort de ce qui précède que la structure particulière de la lame permet de remplacer le sectionnement transversal, excessivement dangereux, par un sectionnement longitudinal sans conséquence pour les escrimeurs.It follows from the above that the particular structure of the blade makes it possible to replace the excessively dangerous transverse sectioning with a longitudinal sectioning without consequence for the fencers.

Dans le cas d'un fleuret, la zone de rupture longitudinale est constituée par une âme axiale qui, délimitée par deux rainures longitudinales profondes débouchant des petites faces de la lame, et lui donnant une section en « H », a une épaisseur allant en croissant, proportionnellement à l'augmentation de section de la lame, depuis l'extrémité de celle-ci jusqu'à la fin de cette zone de rupture.In the case of a foil, the longitudinal rupture zone is constituted by an axial core which, delimited by two deep longitudinal grooves opening out from the small faces of the blade, and giving it a “H” section, has a thickness ranging from increasing, in proportion to the increase in section of the blade, from the end of the latter to the end of this rupture zone.

Avec cette disposition, la lame est plus légère et toutes les contraintes l'affectant en surface, lors d'un combat, sont réparties sur l'âme et sur la longueur de celle-ci. De plus, les fissures qui se forment dans les ailes de la section transversale en «H» de la lame, suite à la transformation de la structure métallographique du métal sous les charges et au choc, s'arrêtent dans la zone de concentration de contraintes et n'entraînent le sectionnement transversal de la lame que sur la moitié de l'épaisseur de celle-ci.With this arrangement, the blade is lighter and all the stresses affecting it on the surface, during a fight, are distributed over the core and over the length thereof. In addition, the cracks that form in the wings of the "H" cross section of the blade, following the transformation of the metallographic structure of the metal under loads and impact, stop in the stress concentration zone. and cause the transverse sectioning of the blade only over half of the thickness thereof.

Dans le cas d'une épée ayant, de façon connue, une section transversale sensiblement en «V», la zone de rupture longitudinale est ménagée dans la côte du dos, entre la face extérieure de cette côte et le fond d'une rainure longitudinale débouchant dans la concavité de la section en «V», et a une épaisseur allant en croissant, proportionnellement à l'augmentation de section de la lame, depuis l'extrémité de celle-ci jusqu'à la fin de cette zone de rupture.In the case of a sword having, in known manner, a cross section substantially in a “V”, the longitudinal breaking zone is formed in the rib of the back, between the outer face of this rib and the bottom of a longitudinal groove opening into the concavity of the “V” section, and has an increasing thickness, in proportion to the increase in section of the blade, from the end of the latter to the end of this rupture zone.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit en référence au dessin schématique annexé, représentant, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, une forme d'exécution d'un fleuret et une forme d'exécution d'une épée selon l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective du fleuret,
  • la figure 2 en est une vue en coupe longitudinale suivant II-II de la figure 1,
  • la figures 3, 4 et 5 sont des vues en coupe suivant III-III, IV-IV et V-V de la figure 2, représentant, à échelle agrandie, des sections partielles de la lame,
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale similaire à la figure 4 d'une variante de réalisation,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'une lame d'épée,
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe suivant VIII-VIII de figure 7,
  • la figure 9 est une vue, en élévation, montrant par dessous le creux de la lame de la figure 7,
  • les figures 10, 11, 12 et 13 sont des vues en coupe suivant X-X, XI-XI, XII-XII et XIII-XIII de la figure 8 montrant, à échelle agrandie, des sections transversales de cette lame,
  • les figures 14 et 15 sont des vues de côté en élévation montrant, à échelle agrandie, des fragments de fleuret suivant deux variantes de réalisation de la zone de rupture.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawing, representing, by way of nonlimiting examples, an embodiment of a foil and an embodiment of a sword according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the foil,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in longitudinal section thereof along II-II of FIG. 1,
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are sectional views along III-III, IV-IV and VV of FIG. 2, showing, on an enlarged scale, partial sections of the blade,
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4 of an alternative embodiment,
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a sword blade,
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view along VIII-VIII of FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 9 is a view, in elevation, showing the hollow of the blade of FIG. 7 from below,
  • FIGS. 10, 11, 12 and 13 are sectional views along XX, XI-XI, XII-XII and XIII-XIII of FIG. 8 showing, on an enlarged scale, cross sections of this blade,
  • Figures 14 and 15 are side elevation views showing, on an enlarged scale, foil fragments according to two alternative embodiments of the rupture zone.

Aux figures 1 à 6, 2 désigne une lame de fleuret dont la pointe est prolongée par un embout fileté 3 et dont le talon est prolongé par une tige filetée 4 de fixation à une poignée. De façon connue, cette lame a une section transversale de forme générale rectangulaire.In Figures 1 to 6, 2 denotes a foil blade whose tip is extended by a threaded end 3 and whose heel is extended by a threaded rod 4 for attachment to a handle. In known manner, this blade has a generally rectangular cross section.

Selon l'invention, cette lame comporte deux rainures longitudinales profondes 6 débouchant de ses petites faces et lui donnant une section transversale en « H », c'est-à-dire formée par deux ailes 2a reliées par une âme 2b. Plus précisément, les deux fonds parallèles 6a des rainures 6 délimitent entre eux, dans la zone de rupture 7, une zone de concentration de contraintes correspondant à l'âme 2b de la section en «H». Chacun des fonds 6a est raccordé aux faces latérales correspondantes 6b par des congés arrondis 8. Comme illustré par les figures 3 à 5, sur la distance «1» de contrôle de la rupture allant de l'extrémité de la lame à sensiblement la moitié de la longueur de celle-ci, les rainures ont une profondeur p1-p2 qui va en croissant, sensiblement proportionnellement à l'augmentation des dimensions T1-D1, T2-D2 de la section transversale de la lame, de manière que l'âme 2b ait, dans la zone 7, une épaisseur e1-e2 croissant également proportionnellement à l'augmentation de section pour offrir une résistance constante sur cette longueur. Au-delà et comme illustré par la figure 3, les rainures ont une profondeur p constante, et donnent à l'âme 2b une épaisseur E qui va en croissant jusqu'au talon.According to the invention, this blade has two deep longitudinal grooves 6 emerging from its small faces and giving it a cross section in "H", that is to say formed by two wings 2a connected by a core 2b. More precisely, the two parallel bottoms 6a of the grooves 6 delimit between them, in the rupture zone 7, a stress concentration zone corresponding to the core 2b of the “H” section. Each of the bottoms 6a is connected to the corresponding lateral faces 6b by rounded fillets 8. As illustrated by FIGS. 3 to 5, over the distance “1” for checking the rupture going from the end of the blade to substantially half of the length thereof, the grooves have a depth p1-p2 which increases, substantially proportional to the increase in the dimensions T1-D1, T2-D2 of the cross section of the blade, so that the core 2b have, in zone 7, a thickness e1-e2 also increasing in proportion to the increase in section to offer constant resistance over this length. Beyond and as illustrated by FIG. 3, the grooves have a constant depth p, and give the core 2b a thickness E which goes up to the heel.

Lorsque cette lame est utilisée, les chocs répétés et les contraintes alternées de compression et d'extension, affectant les ailes de la section en «H», sont reportés sur toute la longueur de l'âme 2b. Il en résulte que la fatigue du métal affecte d'abord la zone 7 qui, en raison de son épaisseur réduite, cède la première. La cassure s'effectue non pas transversalement, comme c'est le cas dans les lames traditionnelles, mais longitudinalement sur au moins une partie de la longueur de la lame, et se caractérise par une fente longitudinale qui sépare les deux ailes de la section en «H». Cette cassure affecte la résistance et l'élasticité de la lame, mais aussi modifie sa sonorité aux chocs et constitue ainsi un indicateur de remplacement de la lame.When this blade is used, repeated shocks and alternating compression and extension stresses affecting the wings of the “H” section are carried over the entire length of the core 2b. As a result, the fatigue of the metal first affects zone 7 which, because of its reduced thickness, yields first. The break occurs not transversely, as is the case in traditional blades, but longitudinally over at least part of the length of the blade, and is characterized by a longitudinal slit which separates the two wings of the section in "H". This breakage affects the resistance and elasticity of the blade, but also changes its impact sound and thus constitutes an indicator of replacement of the blade.

Ces rainures délimitent donc une zone longitudinale 7 qui, en concentrant les contraintes, non seulement s'oppose à la rupture transversale dan- gereuse de la lame, mais transforme cette rupture dans le sens longitudinal et informe l'utilisateur de la nécessité de rebuter sa lame.These grooves thus define a longitudinal area 7 which, by concentrating stresses, not only precludes the transverse rupture dan- g ereuse of the blade, but this turns out in the longitudinal direction and informs the user of the need to discard his blade.

Dans une forme d'exécution représentée à la figure 6, les rainures 6 sont munies de faces latérales 6b pentues convergeant vers l'intérieur et leur donnant, en section transversale, la forme d'un trapèze dont la plus petite base constitue l'ouverture 6c débouchant de la lame. L'ouverture 6c a une hauteur h qui est inférieure au diamètre de l'enveloppe 11 a du conducteur 11 destiné à être disposé dans la rainure 6 pour transmettre les touches avec le plastron de l'adversaire dans un combat au fleuret électrique.In an embodiment shown in Figure 6, the grooves 6 are provided with sloping side faces 6b converging inwardly and giving them, in cross section, the shape of a trapezoid whose smallest base constitutes the opening 6c emerging from the blade. The opening 6c has a height h which is less than the diameter of the envelope 11a of the conductor 11 intended to be disposed in the groove 6 for transmitting the keys with the opponent's plastron in a fight with the electric foil.

Comme représenté sur la partie gauche de la figure 6, la mise en place du conducteur dans la rainure 6 correspondante s'effectue en exerçant sur le conducteur une pression, en direction du fond de la rainure, de manière que son enveloppe 11 a se déforme élastiquement lors de son passage par l'ouverture 6c. Lorsque le conducteur est disposé dans la rainure 6, l'élasticité naturelle de l'enveloppe 11 a redonne à celle-ci sa dimension originelle. Comme représenté sur la partie droite de cette même figure 6, l'enveloppe 11 a coopère avec les faces pentues 6b de la rainure et assure le maintien du conducteur dans cette rainure sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'avoir recours à de la colle.As shown on the left side of FIG. 6, the positioning of the conductor in the corresponding groove 6 is carried out by exerting a pressure on the conductor, in the direction of the bottom of the groove, so that its envelope 11 a is deformed elastically during its passage through the opening 6c. When the conductor is placed in the groove 6, the natural elasticity of the envelope 11 a restores the latter to its original dimension. As shown in the right part of this same figure 6, the casing 11a cooperates with the sloping faces 6b of the groove and ensures that the conductor is held in this groove without the need for glue.

Grâce à cet agencement, le conducteur 11 est parfaitement maintenu dans la rainure et ne peut pas sortir de celle-ci, même lorsque la lame est soumise à des flexions importantes. Durant ces flexions, le conducteur et son enveloppe peuvent coulisser à l'intérieur de la rainure 6 sans que cela perturbe son maintien dans cette rainure, ou la fonction même du conducteur.Thanks to this arrangement, the conductor 11 is perfectly held in the groove and cannot come out of it, even when the blade is subjected to significant bending. During these flexions, the conductor and its envelope can slide inside the groove 6 without this disturbing its retention in this groove, or the very function of the conductor.

Enfin, ce mode de maintien du conducteur facilite considérablement son remplacement, puisqu'il ne nécessite plus de procéder aux délicates opérations de décollage du conducteur défaillant par des solvants et de recollage du nouveau conducteur. La rainure à section trapézoïdale peut être réalisée d'un seul côté du fleuret.Finally, this method of holding the driver considerably facilitates its replacement, since it no longer requires the delicate operations of take-off of the faulty conductor by solvents and of re-bonding of the new conductor. The trapezoidal section groove can be made on one side of the foil only.

L'épée, représentée aux figures 7 à 13 et désignée de façon générale par 10, présente, de façon connue, une section transversale en «V» délimitant une côte extérieure 12 allant de la pointe 13 au talon 14. La pointe 13 est munie d'un embout fileté 15, tandis que le talon 14 est prolongé par une tige .filetée 16.The sword, shown in Figures 7 to 13 and generally designated by 10, has, in known manner, a cross section in "V" delimiting an outer rib 12 going from the tip 13 to the heel 14. The tip 13 is provided with a threaded end piece 15, while the heel 14 is extended by a threaded rod 16.

Selon l'invention, cette épée comporte également, sur une partie de sa longueur et par exemple sur la moitié de sa longueur, comme représenté par la distance «I partant de l'extrémité de l'épée, une zone longitudinale 17 de concentration de contraintes et de rupture longitudinale. Cette zone est ménagée dans la côte du dos, entre la face extérieure 12 constituant cette côte et le fond 18a d'une rainure 18 débouchant dans la concavité de la section transversale en «V» de l'épée. Sur la partie de longueur 1 de la lame, la profondeur p1 -p2 de la rainure 18 croît, comme montré aux figures 12 et 13, depuis la pointe 13 de la lame et proportionnellement à la variation des dimensions T1 et D1 de la section transversale de cette lame. Il en résulte que la zone de rupture longitudinale 17 a une épaisseur e1 -e2 qui va en croissant depuis la pointe de la lame jusqu'à la fin de la zone longitudinale 7. Au-delà et en continuant en direction du talon 14, la rainure 18 a une profondeur décroissante jusqu'à ce que son fond 18a effleure le fond 20 de la concavité du profil de la lame, comme montré à la figure 10. La zone de cet affleurement est située à une distance L de l'extrémité de la lame, de valeur supérieure à la distance I.According to the invention, this sword also comprises, over a part of its length and for example over half of its length, as represented by the distance "I starting from the end of the sword, a longitudinal zone 17 of concentration of stresses and longitudinal failure. This zone is formed in the rib of the back, between the outer face 12 constituting this rib and the bottom 18a of a groove 18 opening into the concavity of the “V” cross section of the sword. On the part of length 1 of the blade, the depth p1 -p2 of the groove 18 increases, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, from the tip 13 of the blade and in proportion to the variation of the dimensions T1 and D1 of the cross section of this blade. As a result, the longitudinal rupture zone 17 has a thickness e1 -e2 which increases from the tip of the blade to the end of the longitudinal zone 7. Beyond and continuing in the direction of the heel 14, the groove 18 has a decreasing depth until its bottom 18a touches the bottom 20 of the concavity of the profile of the blade, as shown in FIG. 10. The area of this outcrop is located at a distance L from the end of the blade, of value greater than the distance I.

Avec cet agencement, lorsque le métal constituant la lame est fatigué au point d'entraîner une rupture de celle-ci, la rupture s'effectue longitudinalement dans la zone de concentration de contraintes 17 sous la forme d'une fissure séparant les deux ailes de la section en «V». Comme pour le fleuret, cette rupture entraîne une modification des caractéristiques élastiques de la lame et une modification de sa sonorité aux chocs, indiquant à l'utilisateur qu'il faut arrêter le combat et rebuter la lame.With this arrangement, when the metal constituting the blade is tired to the point of causing it to rupture, the rupture takes place longitudinally in the stress concentration zone 17 in the form of a crack separating the two wings of the “V” section. As with the foil, this rupture results in a modification of the elastic characteristics of the blade and a modification of its impact sound, indicating to the user that it is necessary to stop the fight and put off the blade.

L'épaisseur de la zone 17 de rupture longitudinale de l'épée peut aussi être contrôlée par usinage de la face 12 avec ou sans rainure 18.The thickness of the longitudinal break zone 17 of the sword can also be controlled by machining the face 12 with or without groove 18.

Il est à noter que l'épaisseur e1-e2 de la zone de concentration de contraintes 7 du fleuret 2 est inférieure à l'épaisseur z de chacune des ailes 1 Oa-2a qu'elle relie, de manière à bien constituer une zone de rupture.It should be noted that the thickness e1-e2 of the stress concentration zone 7 of the foil 2 is less than the thickness z of each of the wings 1 Oa-2a which it connects, so as to constitute a zone of rupture.

La rainure 6-18, permettant de maîtriser les caractéristiques géométriques de la zone de concentration de contraintes, peut être réalisée dans tous les matériaux constituant les lames. Toutefois, sa réalisation est plus simple, moins onéreuse et plus rapide dans des lames réalisées en alliage à durcissement structural mis temporairement en position adoucie, c'est-à-dire lorsque le matériau est dans un état de forte plasticité et de faible dureté, après réalisation des rainures 6 et des autres usinages que la lame est mise en dureté par montée en température.The groove 6-18, making it possible to control the geometrical characteristics of the zone of concentration of stresses, can be carried out in all the materials constituting the blades. However, its realization is simpler, less expensive and faster in blades made of alloy with structural hardening temporarily put in softened position, that is to say when the material is in a state of high plasticity and low hardness, after completion of the grooves 6 and of the other machining operations, the blade is hardened by temperature rise.

Dans les variantes de réalisation représentées aux figures 14 et 15, l'âme du fleuret 2 est traversée, dans sa partie correspondant à la zone de rupture longitudinale 7, par des lumières. Ces lumières de forme circulaire, comme montré en 21 à la figure 14, ou oblongues, comme montré en 22 à la figure 15, sont réparties suivant un pas, régulier ou non. Elles délimitent des ponts de matière respectivement 23-24 qui augmentent la concentration des contraintes et constituent des témoins de rupture. Les lumières oblongues 22, inclinées entre 30 et 60° par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du fleuret, sont séparées par un faible pas de manière que l'extrémité antérieure de chaque lumière soit en avant ou au moins au niveau de l'extrémité postérieure de la perforation qui la précède. Elles peuvent aussi, dans une forme d'exécution non représentée, être disposées en quinconce de part et d'autre de l'axe longitudinal de la lame tout en étant parallèles à cet axe. La dimension transversale de chaque lumière est inférieure à 1 mm et de l'ordre de quelques dixièmes de millimètre. Comme montré aux figures 12 et 13, de telles perforations 21 ou 22 peuvent aussi être réalisées dans la zone de rupture longitudinale 17 de l'épée, avec ou sans la rainure 18.In the variant embodiments shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the core of the foil 2 is crossed, in its part corresponding to the longitudinal rupture zone 7, by slots. These circular lights, as shown at 21 in Figure 14, or oblong, as shown at 22 in Figure 15, are distributed in a step, regular or not. They delimit bridges of material respectively 23-24 which increase the concentration of the stresses and constitute witnesses of rupture. The oblong slots 22, inclined between 30 and 60 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the foil, are separated by a small step so that the anterior end of each lumen is in front or at least at the posterior end of the perforation which precedes it. They can also, in an embodiment not shown, be staggered on either side of the longitudinal axis of the blade while being parallel to this axis. The transverse dimension of each light is less than 1 mm and of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, such perforations 21 or 22 can also be made in the longitudinal breaking zone 17 of the sword, with or without the groove 18.

Dans les formes d'exécution qui précèdent, il a été indiqué que la zone de rupture longitudinale s'étendait sur la moitié de la longueur de la lame, mais il est évident que cette dimension n'est donnée qu'à titre d'exemple et qu'elle peut aussi bien être comprise entre le tiers et les deux tiers de la longueur, ou même plus, en fonction des caractéristiques du matériau constituant la lame, matériau pouvant être de l'acier, ou un alliage forgé, mais aussi un matériau composite.In the preceding embodiments, it was indicated that the longitudinal rupture zone extended over half the length of the blade, but it is obvious that this dimension is given only by way of example and that it may as well be between one third and two thirds of the length, or even more, depending on the characteristics of the material constituting the blade, material which may be steel, or a forged alloy, but also a composite material.

Claims (11)

1. A safety blade for fencing, characterised in that it has, at least over a portion of its length and starting from its free end, a longitudinal region (7-17) of reduced transverse section in which the forces acting on the blade (2-10) are concentrated, and which is such that when there is a risk that fatigue of the material constituting the blade will cause it to split transversely, it gives way longitudinally, dividing the blade into two longitudinal fragments indicating the fatigued state of the metal.
2. A blade according to Claim 1, characterised in that, for a foil, the region of longitudinal rupture (7) is constituted by an axial core (2b) which, being defined by two deep longitudinal grooves (6) opening at small faces of the blade and giving it an "H"-shaped section, has an increasing thickness e1-e2 proportional to the increase in the section of the blade (2) from the end thereof as far as the end of this region of rupture (7).
3. A blade according to Claims 1 and 2 taken together, characterised in that at least one of the longitudinal grooves (6) not only has a transverse section of substantially trapezoidal shape of which the small side constituting the opening (6c) opening out of the blade, has a length shorter than the diameter of the sheathing of the electrical conductor (11) which may be housed in the groove, but also has inclined lateral faces (6a) adapted to ensure that the conductor is mechanically held after it has been engaged in the groove with resilient deformation of its sheathing.
4. A blade according to any one of Claims 2 and 3, characterised in that the two grooves (6) have bases (6a) which are mutually parallel and joined by rounded corners (8) to the corresponding lateral faces (6b) of these grooves.
5. A blade according to Claim 1, characterised in that, for a rapier having, in known manner, a substantially "V"-shaped transverse section, the region of longitudinal rupture (17) is formed in the rearside between the external face (12) of this side and the base (18a) of a groove (18) leading from the concave part of the "V"-shaped section, and has a thickness e1 which increases in proportion to the increase in the section of the blade (10), from the end of the latter to the end of the region of rupture (17).
6. A blade according to Claim 1 and any one of Claims 2 to 5, characterised in that, in each section of the blade, the thickness e1 -e2 of the region of longitudinal rupture (7-17) is less than the thickness of each of the wings (2a-1 Oa) which this region connects.
7. A blade according to Claim 1 and any one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that its region of longitudinal rupture (7-17) is traversed by transverse slots (21-22).
8. A blade according to Claim 7, characterised in that the slots (22) are circular.
9. A blade according to Claim 7, characterised in that the slots are oblong.
10. A blade according to Claims 7 to 9 taken together, characterised in that the oblong slots (22) are inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the blade and are spaced by a small distance in such a way that the forward end of each slot is forwardly of the rear end of the preceding slot (22).
11. A blade according to Claims 7 and 9 taken together, characterised in that the oblong slots (22) are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the blade disposed in staggered relationship and to either side of said axis.
EP86902847A 1985-05-10 1986-05-07 Safety fencing sword Expired EP0258240B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86902847T ATE45031T1 (en) 1985-05-10 1986-05-07 SAFETY FENCING BLADE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8507459 1985-05-10
FR8507459A FR2581744B1 (en) 1985-05-10 1985-05-10 SAFETY FENCING BLADE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258240A1 EP0258240A1 (en) 1988-03-09
EP0258240B1 true EP0258240B1 (en) 1989-07-26

Family

ID=9319354

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86902847A Expired EP0258240B1 (en) 1985-05-10 1986-05-07 Safety fencing sword

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4817942A (en)
EP (1) EP0258240B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE45031T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3664682D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2581744B1 (en)
HU (1) HUT46142A (en)
SU (1) SU1600617A3 (en)
WO (1) WO1986006824A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2614409B1 (en) * 1987-04-23 1989-07-21 Begon Jean SWORD BLADE
GB2264065B (en) * 1992-02-13 1995-04-26 Leon Paul Equip Co Ltd Fencing blade
DE4303871A1 (en) * 1992-02-13 1993-08-19 Leon Paul Equipment Co Ltd
US6099608A (en) 1998-07-30 2000-08-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Rotating filtration cartridge and blower for HVAC applications
US6521011B1 (en) 1999-07-15 2003-02-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Self-supporting pleated filter and method of making same
US6437372B1 (en) 2000-01-07 2002-08-20 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Diffusion barrier spikes for III-V structures
US6348086B1 (en) * 2000-02-16 2002-02-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Combination blower wheel and filter cartridge system for HVAC applications
US6497619B2 (en) * 2000-06-01 2002-12-24 David D. Dowdy Scoring apparatus for simulated combat
US6565484B1 (en) 2002-01-23 2003-05-20 William C. Adams Fencing sword
RU2006124262A (en) * 2003-12-09 2008-01-20 Адриан Блэр ГАРДИНЕР (NZ) A GAME
US7228633B2 (en) * 2004-03-01 2007-06-12 Ryan Peter M Saber
US20050204714A1 (en) * 2004-03-22 2005-09-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Self-supporting pleated filter and method of making same
US7156891B2 (en) * 2004-09-10 2007-01-02 Filtration Group Incorporated Forced air system air filter
US20180094899A1 (en) * 2016-10-05 2018-04-05 Ronald J. Thornton Fencing Sport Safety Blade

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD34206A (en) *
FR393476A (en) * 1908-08-19 1908-12-23 Gilbert Bougnol Kind of unbreakable foil sword
FR439666A (en) * 1912-02-02 1912-06-20 Gilbert Bougnol Improvements in the construction of fencing weapons, épées, foils and sabers
US2338007A (en) * 1940-04-27 1943-12-28 James E Krilow Cake and fruit knife
FR1363602A (en) * 1963-07-05 1964-06-12 Foil blade
GB1473751A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-05-18 Equipment P Co Ltd Blades for fencing swords
DE3239051C2 (en) * 1982-10-22 1986-08-07 Uhlmann Sportgeräte GmbH & Co KG, 7958 Laupheim Fencing blade

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2581744A1 (en) 1986-11-14
SU1600617A3 (en) 1990-10-15
EP0258240A1 (en) 1988-03-09
ATE45031T1 (en) 1989-08-15
HUT46142A (en) 1988-09-28
DE3664682D1 (en) 1989-08-31
US4817942A (en) 1989-04-04
FR2581744B1 (en) 1987-07-24
WO1986006824A1 (en) 1986-11-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0258240B1 (en) Safety fencing sword
EP0390705B1 (en) Plastic wrench with metal insert
FR2526152A1 (en) PROJECTILE WITH KINETIC EFFECT FOR COMBATING ARMORED MACHINERY
FR2657531A1 (en) GOLF CLUB HEAD.
FR2947523A1 (en) FUSELAGE ELEMENT COMPRISING A FUSELAGE STRING AND JUNCTION MEANS
CH618599A5 (en)
FR2691369A1 (en) Improvement for golf club.
FR2942278A1 (en) DAWN FOR AIRCRAFT TURBOMACHINE RECEIVER, PROVIDED WITH TWO HOLLOW ACTS ALLOWED IN ONE ANOTHER
FR2752597A1 (en) IMPROVED SOIL DRILL BIT
EP0090773B1 (en) Saw chain cutter link
FR2862544A1 (en) PIOLET FOR ALPINISM WITH ADJUSTABLE GRIPPING HANDLE
EP0855201B1 (en) Snowboard
EP0512049B1 (en) Method and riveting device for assembling materials
EP1426128A1 (en) Stepped cutting insert
EP0068056A1 (en) Heel, in particular for women's shoes
FR3085414A1 (en) BLADE OF TURBOMACHINE COMPRISING A LINK TO THE STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT WITH INSERTS AND RECESSES
EP2265445B1 (en) Spoked wheel spoke and corresponding wheel and method
WO2015177432A1 (en) Curved delimbing blade, use of same, corresponding delimbing head and cutting kit
EP0210922A1 (en) Wear-resisting and slip-preventing element for shoe heels
FR2614409A1 (en) SWORD BLADE
WO2014001705A1 (en) Osteosynthesis screw with reduced radial compression
EP0631517B1 (en) Cross-country ski
FR2689968A1 (en) Fencing blade.
EP0661086B1 (en) Ski
FR2508576A1 (en) DRILL SCREW AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19871030

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19880715

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: BEGON S.A. SOCIETE ANONYME

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 45031

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19890815

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3664682

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890831

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19900507

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19900507

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19900508

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19900531

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19900531

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19900531

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19900531

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: S.A. BEGON

Effective date: 19900531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19901201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19910131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19910201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 86902847.2

Effective date: 19910115

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050507