EP0255996A2 - Cartridge for fire arms - Google Patents

Cartridge for fire arms Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0255996A2
EP0255996A2 EP87890157A EP87890157A EP0255996A2 EP 0255996 A2 EP0255996 A2 EP 0255996A2 EP 87890157 A EP87890157 A EP 87890157A EP 87890157 A EP87890157 A EP 87890157A EP 0255996 A2 EP0255996 A2 EP 0255996A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cartridge
sleeve
face
socket
head part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87890157A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0255996B1 (en
EP0255996A3 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Ing. Zedrosser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Steyr Daimler Puch AG
Original Assignee
Steyr Daimler Puch AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steyr Daimler Puch AG filed Critical Steyr Daimler Puch AG
Publication of EP0255996A2 publication Critical patent/EP0255996A2/en
Publication of EP0255996A3 publication Critical patent/EP0255996A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0255996B1 publication Critical patent/EP0255996B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/32—Cartridge cases for rim fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/045—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile of telescopic type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics
    • F42B5/307—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics formed by assembling several elements
    • F42B5/313—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics formed by assembling several elements all elements made of plastics

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Eine Patrone (l) weist eine bodenseitig geschlossene, eine Treibladung (3) und ein Zündmittel (7) aufnehmende Hülse (2) auf, die kopfseitig eine büchsenartige Fassung (4) zum Einsetzen eines Vollkaliber-Geschosses (5) bildet, wobei der die Fassung (4) bildende Kopfteil (2b) im Bereich der Geschoßspitze in einer achsnormalen Stirnfläche endet und einen sich außen zur Stirnfläche hin im wesentlichen konkav verjüngenden Mantel besitzt. Um eine einfach herstellbare, zuverlässig zündende und gasdicht im Laderaum einsetzbare Patrone (l) zu errreichen, weist der Kopfteil (2b) im der Stirnfläche gegenüberliegenden Abschlußbereich eine umlaufende, ins Hülseninnere hin offene Ringnut (6) zur Aufnahme des Zündmittels (7) auf.A cartridge (l) has a sleeve (2) which is closed at the bottom and holds a propellant charge (3) and an ignition means (7) and which forms a sleeve-like socket (4) on the head side for inserting a full-caliber projectile (5), the Socket (4) forming head part (2b) ends in the area of the projectile tip in an axially normal end face and has a jacket that tapers essentially concavely towards the end face. In order to achieve a cartridge (1) that is easy to manufacture, reliably ignites and can be used in a gas-tight manner in the loading space, the head part (2b) has a circumferential annular groove (6) in the end area opposite the end face, for receiving the ignition means (7).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Patrone für Schußwaf­fen, mit einer bodenseitig geschlossenen, eine Treibladung und ein Zündmittel aufnehmenden Kunststoffhülse, die kopfseitig eine büchsenartige Fassung zum Einsetzen eines Vollkaliber-­Geschosses bildet, wobei der die Fassung bildende Kopfteil im Bereich der Geschoßspitze in einer achsnormalen Stirnfläche endet und einen sich außen zur Stirnfläche hin im wesentlichen konkav verjüngenden Mantel besitzt.The invention relates to a cartridge for firearms, with a closed on the bottom, a propellant charge and an ignition means receiving plastic sleeve, the head side forms a sleeve-like socket for inserting a full-caliber projectile, the head part forming the socket in the area of the projectile tip in an axially normal end face ends and has a jacket which tapers essentially concavely on the outside towards the end face.

Patronenhülsen dienen nicht nur zur Verbindung und zum Schutz von Geschoß, Treibladung und Zündmittel, sondern sie sollen vor allem auch dem Geschoß eine feste, zentrierende Halterung bieten und zur Abdichtung des Laderaumes der Schuß­waffe bei der Treibladungszündung und Schußabgabe beitragen. Um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, sind bisher die Hülsen für scharfe Patronen überwiegend aus Metall hergestellt, was eine teure Herstellung und ein hohes Patronengewicht be­dingt. Der Versuch, hülsenlose Patronen zu verwenden, hat sich nicht bewährt, da die Patrone ohne die Schutz-, Führungs- ­und Dichtungsfunktion der Hülse viel zu unsicher in der Wirkung ist und die Schußwaffe unzuverlässig macht.Cartridge casings not only serve to connect and protect the projectile, propellant charge and ignition means, but above all they should also provide the projectile with a firm, centering holder and help seal the hold of the firearm when the propellant charge is fired and fired. In order to meet these requirements, the sleeves for sharp cartridges have so far been predominantly made of metal, which requires expensive manufacture and a high cartridge weight. Attempting to use caseless cartridges has not been successful since the cartridge, without the protective, guiding and sealing functions of the sleeve, is far too unsafe to operate and makes the firearm unreliable.

Es wurde auch schon vorgeschlagen, eine Patronenhülse aus Kunststoff zu verwenden, um die Vorteile einer Patronenhülse nützen und dennoch Herstellungskosten und Patronengewicht sen­ken zu können. Diese Kunststoffhülsen sind gemäß der DE-A- 22 09 459 als einerends geschlossener Hohlzylinder gefertigt, die im geschlossenen Bodenbereich die Treibladung und das Zündmit­tel enthalten und in die vom offenen Ende her das mit einer eigenen, ein Außengewinde aufweisenden Hülse versehene Geschoß bis zur Spitze eingeschraubt ist, wodurch die Herstellung aber recht aufwendig bleibt. Darüber hinaus verlangt der Bodenzünder einen speziellen, entsprechend festen Hülsenboden und bringt gleichzeitig eine Schwachstelle im Boden mit sich, die zu Undichtheiten bei der Schußabgabe führen kann.It has also been proposed to use a plastic cartridge case to take advantage of a cartridge case while still reducing manufacturing costs and cartridge weight. These plastic sleeves are manufactured according to DE-A-22 09 459 as a hollow cylinder closed at one end, which contain the propellant charge and the ignition means in the closed bottom area and into which the projectile, which has its own sleeve with an external thread, is screwed to the tip from the open end is, but the production remains quite expensive. In addition, the ground igniter requires a special, correspondingly solid sleeve base and brings at the same time a weak spot in the ground with it, which can lead to leaks when firing the shot.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Patrone der eingangs geschilderten Art zu schaffen, die bei zuverlässi­ger Schußleistung besonders rationell herstellbar ist, keine bodenseitigen Schwachstellen besitzt und vor allem eine sichere Zündung gewährleistet.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a cartridge of the type described at the outset, which can be produced particularly efficiently with reliable shot performance, has no weak spots on the bottom and, above all, ensures reliable ignition.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß der Mantel des Kopfteiles im der Stirnfläche gegenüberliegenden Abschluß­bereich eine umlaufende, ins Hülseninnere hin offene Ringnut zur Aufnahme des Zündmittels aufweist. Dadurch kann die Patrone im Kopfbereich mit einem Randzünder versehen werden, der eine vom Kopf zum Boden der Hülse hin fortschreitende Verbrennung der Treibladung verursacht, was bei Schußgabe das Eindringen von unverbranntem Pulver der Treibladung in den Lauf verhindert und die Wirkung der Treibladung erhöht. Da der Randzünder um die Fassung herum verläuft, kann das Geschoß als Widerlager für den Zündvorgang dienen, bei dem durch eine geeignete Zündvor­richtung das Zündmittel entsprechend gequetscht werden muß, und es sind spezielle Maßnahmen zur Ausgestaltung solcher Widerla­ger unnötig. Es entsteht eine besonders einfache, funktions­tüchtige Patrone, die eine bodenseitig voll geschlossene Hülse aufweist und keine Undichtheiten befürchten läßt.The invention solves this problem in that the jacket of the head part has a circumferential annular groove in the end face opposite the end face, open into the sleeve interior, for receiving the ignition means. As a result, the cartridge can be provided with an edge detonator in the head region, which causes the propellant charge to burn progressively from the head to the bottom of the sleeve, which prevents the unburned powder of the propellant charge from penetrating into the barrel and increases the effect of the propellant charge. Since the rim fuse extends around the socket, the projectile can serve as an abutment for the ignition process, in which the ignition means must be squeezed accordingly by a suitable ignition device, and special measures for the design of such abutments are unnecessary. The result is a particularly simple, functional cartridge that has a sleeve that is fully closed on the bottom and does not fear leaks.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung verengt sich der Mantel innen im Mündungsbereich der Fassung konisch, wobei vorzugsweise der Kopfteil einen eigenen, vom verbleibenden Hülsenteil getrennten Bauteil bildet und aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoff besteht. Die Fassung bekommt durch diesen Mantel eine sich verengende Mündung, die nicht nur einen festen und dichten Sitz des Geschosses mit sich bringt, sondern vor allem auch zu einer Aufweitung des Mantels beim Austreiben des Geschosses und dadurch zu einer Verstärkung seiner Dichtwirkung führt. Bildet weiters der Kopfteil einen eigenen Bauteil, kann der ganze Fertigungsablauf rationalisiert werden, wobei sich ohne Schwierigkeiten die Hülsenteile mit verschiedenen Kopfteilen kombinieren lassen, um mehrere Patro­nenarten, wie scharfe Patronen, Platzpatronen, Leuchtpatronen od.dgl. herzustellen. Außerdem kann dann der Kopfteil allein glasfaserverstärkt sein, um auf billige Weise eine besondere Festigkeit zur Verbesserung der Geschoßhalterung und -führung zu erreichen.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the jacket narrows conically on the inside in the mouth region of the socket, the head part preferably forming a separate component separate from the remaining sleeve part and consisting of a glass fiber reinforced plastic. The jacket gets a narrowing muzzle through this jacket, which not only brings about a firm and tight fit of the bullet, but above all also leads to a widening of the jacket when the bullet is driven out and thereby to an increase in its sealing effect. If the head part also forms its own component, the entire production process can be rationalized are, with the sleeve parts can be combined with different head parts without difficulty to several cartridge types, such as sharp cartridges, blank cartridges, light cartridges or the like. to manufacture. In addition, the head part alone can then be reinforced with glass fiber in order to achieve a special strength in a cheap manner to improve the projectile support and guidance.

In der Zeichnung ist eine erfindungsgemäße Patrone schema­tisch anhand einer teilgeschnittenen Seitenansicht veranschau­licht.In the drawing, a cartridge according to the invention is schematically illustrated using a partially sectioned side view.

Eine Patrone l weist eine zweigeteilte Hülse aus Kunststoff 2 auf, wobei der eine Teil, der Hülsenteil 2a, eine Treib­ladung 3 aufnimmt und der andere Teil, der Kopfteil 2b, eine büchsenartige Fassung 4 zur Halterung eines Geschosses 5 bil­det, das bis zur Spitze in dieser Fassung 4 steckt. Der Kopf­teil weist einen in einer achsnormalen Stirnfläche endenden Mantel auf, der sich außen zur Stirnfläche hin konkav verjüngt und sich innen im Bereich der Mündung 4a der Fassung konisch verengt. Im Teilungsbereich der Hülse 2 ist eine um die Fassung 4 herum verlaufende, ins Hülseninnere hin offene Ringnut 6 mit einem Zündmittel 7 vorgesehen, so daß die Patrone l im Kopfbe­reich einen Randzünder besitzt. Der Kopfteil 2b bildet mit dem Geschoß 5 und dem Randzünder 6, 7 einen eigenen Bauteil, der zur Fertigstellung der Patrone mit dem die Treibladung 3 auf­nehmenden Hülsenteil 2a verklebt oder verschweißt wird.A cartridge 1 has a two-part sleeve made of plastic 2, one part, the sleeve part 2a, holding a propellant charge 3 and the other part, the head part 2b, forming a sleeve-like socket 4 for holding a projectile 5 which extends to the tip in this version 4 is. The head part has a jacket ending in an axially normal end face, which tapers concavely on the outside towards the end face and tapers conically on the inside in the region of the mouth 4a of the socket. In the dividing area of the sleeve 2 there is an annular groove 6 with an ignition means 7 which extends around the socket 4 and is open towards the inside of the sleeve, so that the cartridge 1 has an edge detonator in the head area. The head part 2b forms a separate component with the projectile 5 and the detonator 6, 7, which is glued or welded to the sleeve part 2a receiving the propellant charge 3 to complete the cartridge.

Die vor äußeren Belastungen weitgehend geschützte Halterung des Geschosses 5 innerhalb der Hülse 2 erlaubt die Verwendung einer Kunststoffhülse, wobei der die Fassung 4 für das Geschoß 5 bildende Kopfteil 2b eine die erforderliche Festigkeit ge­währleistende, ausreichend große Wandstärke aufweisen kann. Die entsprechend lange Fassung 4 bietet nicht nur einen siche­ren Sitz für das Geschoß 5, sondern verleiht diesem auch eine gute zentrierende Führung und einen dichten Abschluß. Das Zündmittel 7 im Bereich des Kopfteiles 2b führt zu einer voll­ständigen Verbrennung der Treibladung 3 innerhalb des Hülsen­teiles 2a und macht die Patrone l besonders wirkungsvoll, wozu vor allem noch kommt, daß der Kopfteil 2b mit seiner speziellen Mantelform eine wichtige Dichtfunktion im Laderaum erfüllen kann und einen wirklich gasdichten Einsatz der Patrone bei der Schußabgabe gewährleistet.The largely protected against external loads holding the projectile 5 within the sleeve 2 allows the use of a plastic sleeve, wherein the head part 2b forming the socket 4 for the projectile 5 can have a sufficiently large wall thickness ensuring the required strength. The correspondingly long version 4 not only offers a secure fit for the projectile 5, but also gives it a good centering guide and a tight seal. The ignition means 7 in the area of the head part 2b leads to a complete combustion of the propellant charge 3 within the sleeve part 2a and makes the cartridge 1 particularly effective, for which purpose Above all, it comes that the head part 2b can fulfill an important sealing function in the loading space with its special jacket shape and ensures a really gas-tight use of the cartridge when firing the shot.

Claims (2)

1. Patrone für Schußwaffen, mit einer bodenseitig geschlos­senen, eine Treibladung (3) und ein Zündmittel aufnehmenden Kunststoffhülse (2), die kopfseitig eine büchsenartige Fassung (4) zum Einsetzen eines Vollkaliber-Geschosses (5) bildet, wobei der die Fassung bildende Koptteil (26) im Bereich der Geschoßspitze in einer achsnormalen Stirnfläche endet und einen sich außen zur Stirnfläche hin im wesentlichen konkav verjün­genden Mantel besitzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel des Kopfteiles (2b) im der Stirnfläche gegenüberliegenden Abschlußbereich eine umlaufende, ins Hülseninnere hin offene Ringnut (6) zur Aufnahme des Zündmittels (7) aufweist.1. Cartridge for firearms, with a closed on the bottom, a propellant charge (3) and an ignition means receiving plastic sleeve (2) which forms a rifle-like socket (4) for inserting a full-caliber projectile (5), the head part forming the socket (26) ends in the area of the projectile tip in an axially normal face and has a jacket which tapers essentially concavely towards the face, characterized in that the jacket of the head part (2b) in the end area opposite the face has a circumferential annular groove which is open towards the inside of the sleeve (6) for receiving the ignition means (7). 2. Patrone nach Anspruch l, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der Mantel innen im Mündungsbereich der Fassung (4) konisch verengt, wobei vorzugsweise der Kopfteil (2b) einen eigenen, vom verbleibenden Hülsenteil (2a) getrennten Bauteil bildet und aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoff besteht.2. Cartridge according to claim l, characterized in that the jacket narrows conically inside in the mouth region of the socket (4), preferably the head part (2b) forming a separate component from the remaining sleeve part (2a) and consisting of a glass fiber reinforced plastic .
EP87890157A 1986-07-08 1987-07-06 Cartridge for fire arms Expired - Lifetime EP0255996B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1845/86 1986-07-08
AT0184586A AT386896B (en) 1986-07-08 1986-07-08 CARTRIDGE FOR FIREARMS

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0255996A2 true EP0255996A2 (en) 1988-02-17
EP0255996A3 EP0255996A3 (en) 1989-11-23
EP0255996B1 EP0255996B1 (en) 1992-07-01

Family

ID=3522261

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87890157A Expired - Lifetime EP0255996B1 (en) 1986-07-08 1987-07-06 Cartridge for fire arms

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4846068A (en)
EP (1) EP0255996B1 (en)
AT (1) AT386896B (en)
DE (1) DE3780098D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2032471T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3005850T3 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0348382A1 (en) * 1988-06-21 1989-12-27 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft Annular primer in a firearm ammunition, in particular rifle cartridge
AU594537B2 (en) * 1986-12-02 1990-03-08 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft Cartridge for firearms
EP0526317A1 (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-03 CTA International Telescopic ammunition cartridge

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3840875A1 (en) * 1988-12-05 1990-06-07 Rheinmetall Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPRESSING A DRIVE CHARGE AND AMMUNITION PRODUCED BY THE METHOD
US5265540A (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-11-30 Giat Industries Ammunition, in particular of the telescoped type
US5841058A (en) * 1996-01-26 1998-11-24 Manis; John Robert Firearms
US6279447B1 (en) * 1998-10-05 2001-08-28 Cove Corporation Method for the manufacture of gun ammunition having elongated projectile and a cartridge produced thereby
US6959647B2 (en) * 1999-10-25 2005-11-01 Mark A. Wistrom Cartridge for a firearm
AT502547B1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2009-10-15 Winter Udo Mag CARTRIDGE
US8186273B2 (en) * 2009-05-04 2012-05-29 Roger Blaine Trivette Plastic ammunition casing and method
US9267772B2 (en) 2012-06-27 2016-02-23 Aai Corporation Ballistic sealing, component retention, and projectile launch control for an ammunition cartridge assembly
US8807039B2 (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-08-19 Aai Corporation Ballistic sealing, component retention, and projectile launch control for an ammunition cartridge assembly
US10871361B2 (en) * 2016-09-07 2020-12-22 Concurrent Technologies Corporation Metal injection molded cased telescoped ammunition
US11465207B2 (en) 2016-09-07 2022-10-11 Concurrent Technologies Corporation Shell case design utilizing metal injection molding
US10508891B2 (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-12-17 Quint Gregory Tibeau Stoppage-inducing ammunition cartridge

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FR1571251A (en) * 1958-11-07 1969-06-20
DE2209459A1 (en) * 1972-02-29 1973-09-06 Friedrich W Odenberg Cartridge case - for propellant charge and projectile
DE2320399A1 (en) * 1973-04-21 1974-10-31 Rheinmetall Gmbh GUN CARTRIDGE
US3916793A (en) * 1971-05-31 1975-11-04 Fiocchi Spa Giulio Self-propelling projectile for firearms

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US1470591A (en) * 1920-04-20 1923-10-16 Behar Manoel Felix Gun and ammunition therefor
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US3547030A (en) * 1954-01-27 1970-12-15 Us Army Rocket and cartridge case therefor
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US2996988A (en) * 1958-03-04 1961-08-22 Hughes Tool Company Aircraft D Cartridge for firearms having sideloaded firing chambers
US3046890A (en) * 1959-09-11 1962-07-31 Dardick Corp Ammunition for open chamber guns
US3485170A (en) * 1967-11-29 1969-12-23 Remington Arms Co Inc Expendable case ammunition
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DE2850879A1 (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-06-19 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag MULTI-HOLE INJECTION NOZZLE FOR AIR COMPRESSING ENGINES

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1571251A (en) * 1958-11-07 1969-06-20
US3916793A (en) * 1971-05-31 1975-11-04 Fiocchi Spa Giulio Self-propelling projectile for firearms
DE2209459A1 (en) * 1972-02-29 1973-09-06 Friedrich W Odenberg Cartridge case - for propellant charge and projectile
DE2320399A1 (en) * 1973-04-21 1974-10-31 Rheinmetall Gmbh GUN CARTRIDGE

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU594537B2 (en) * 1986-12-02 1990-03-08 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft Cartridge for firearms
EP0348382A1 (en) * 1988-06-21 1989-12-27 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft Annular primer in a firearm ammunition, in particular rifle cartridge
AU606284B2 (en) * 1988-06-21 1991-01-31 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft Ring fuze for firearm ammunition
AT392845B (en) * 1988-06-21 1991-06-25 Steyr Daimler Puch Ag RINGZUNZER FOR A FIREARM AMMUNITION, IN PARTICULAR RIFLE CARTRIDGE
EP0526317A1 (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-03 CTA International Telescopic ammunition cartridge
FR2679993A1 (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-05 Giat Ind Sa AMMUNITION, ESPECIALLY OF THE TELESCOPE TYPE.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0255996B1 (en) 1992-07-01
AT386896B (en) 1988-10-25
GR3005850T3 (en) 1993-06-07
US4846068A (en) 1989-07-11
DE3780098D1 (en) 1992-08-06
EP0255996A3 (en) 1989-11-23
ATA184586A (en) 1988-03-15
ES2032471T3 (en) 1993-02-16

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