EP0255789A1 - Atmungsapparat für Taucher - Google Patents

Atmungsapparat für Taucher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0255789A1
EP0255789A1 EP87401695A EP87401695A EP0255789A1 EP 0255789 A1 EP0255789 A1 EP 0255789A1 EP 87401695 A EP87401695 A EP 87401695A EP 87401695 A EP87401695 A EP 87401695A EP 0255789 A1 EP0255789 A1 EP 0255789A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
breathing apparatus
gas
purge
bag
inspiration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87401695A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0255789B1 (de
Inventor
Henri Paole
Alain Ronjat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
La Spirotechnique Industrielle et Commerciale
Original Assignee
La Spirotechnique Industrielle et Commerciale
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Spirotechnique Industrielle et Commerciale filed Critical La Spirotechnique Industrielle et Commerciale
Priority to AT87401695T priority Critical patent/ATE50220T1/de
Publication of EP0255789A1 publication Critical patent/EP0255789A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0255789B1 publication Critical patent/EP0255789B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/18—Air supply
    • B63C11/22—Air supply carried by diver
    • B63C11/24—Air supply carried by diver in closed circulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a diving breathing apparatus of the kind comprising a breathing bag, a mouthpiece, inspiration and expiration ducts connected to the bag and the mouthpiece, these inspiration and exhalation ducts being respectively fitted with inspiration or expiration check valves and a so-called "purge" device.
  • the respiratory system includes either one or more bottles of gas mixture comprising a well-defined proportion of oxygen and inert gas, for example nitrogen, or one or more bottles oxygen and one or more inert gas or mixture bottles.
  • the respiratory system includes means for introducing into the bag a suitable proportion of oxygen and inert gas.
  • the partial pressure of the oxygen contained in the inspired mixture, from the bag must remain substantially constant or more exactly between two limit values, called safety values, for example 0.2 bar and 2 bar, and this for the safeguard of the diver, whatever his oxygen consumption, which can be understood for example, between 0.5 l / min and 2 l / min.
  • the devices of the prior art operating with a respiratory bag and either a bottle comprising a mixture suitable for the working depth zone, or an oxygen bottle and one or more bottle (s) of inert gas with means making it possible to mixing the oxygen and the inert gas in a proportion adapted to the depth at which the plunger is working, makes it possible to respect this constraint.
  • Such a breathing apparatus must also make it possible to respond to the following constraint. It is known that the diver absorbs the mixture consisting of oxygen and inert gas and rejects a portion depleted in oxygen and comprising carbon dioxide. As the rejection has takes place directly in water, this discharge has two well-known drawbacks: - there is a waste of gas which could be reused, - the discharge into the water creates bubbles and makes the presence of the diver relatively inconspicuous.
  • the apparatus includes a purge compressible bag whose volume corresponds to a predetermined fraction (e.g. 1/12) of the breathing bag and is coupled to said respiratory bag.
  • the apparatus also comprises means making it possible, during expiration, to fill the purge bag essentially with inert gas, and during inspiration, to empty this bag for the most part.
  • the quantity of gas previously exhaled, rejected into the water during the following inspiration cycle corresponds substantially, in this example, to the twelfth of the gas inspired during this inspiration cycle.
  • This purely mechanical device allows particularly reliable operation of the entire respiratory system. Unfortunately, it has the drawback of a certain difficulty of implementation, of manufacture, and moreover, it is particularly bulky.
  • Purely electronic control devices have also been proposed, essentially comprising means for analyzing the partial pressure of oxygen in the bag, and means for controlling means adapted to allow the introduction of the quantity of oxygen required in the bag.
  • the present invention essentially relates to a respiratory device of the type mentioned at the beginning, comprising a purging device which is particularly simple to implement, and which makes it possible in particular to eliminate the purging bag from the mechanical device mentioned above and which functions essentially by to electromechanical or pneumatic means, but which may possibly switch to purely mechanical operation in the event of failure of said electromechanical means.
  • the respiratory system is in particular characterized in that it comprises a device for measuring the volume of inspired gas, a device for measuring the volume of exhaled gas, and in that the purging device comprises a switching means which, in the so-called “working” position, is adapted to direct the flow towards the exhalation valve, and in the so-called “rest” position is adapted to direct the exhaled flow towards a purge outlet.
  • the purge device is arranged in the end piece.
  • the device comprises electronic or pneumatic means coupled to said measuring device and to said routing device, adapted to control this routing device so that the exhaled flow is directed towards the exhalation valve when a determined fraction of the volume of the exhaled gas has been vented through the purge device.
  • the plunger can, at any time, control the proper functioning of the purge by the presence or absence of bubbles.
  • the referral means In the event of failure of the referral means, the latter will most likely be locked in the rest position, thus allowing constant leakage. The diver then knows that there is a failure and can take all measures accordingly, for example by activating an emergency device so as to maintain the partial oxygen pressure mentioned above.
  • the diver also immediately realizes this by the absence of bubbles and can thus take all measures, for example by activating an emergency device.
  • a breathing apparatus 10 includes a bottle 11 of mixture of breathing gas (oxyene and nitrogen) connected to a breathing bag 13 in the form of a cylindrical bellows 12 disposed between two lower plates 14 and upper 15.
  • the bag 13 comprises a well-known means of skilled in the art, such as an intake valve, shown schematically at 29 and suitable for admitting the mixture from the bottle 11, as soon as the upper plate 15 comes to attack the valve 29 and blocking any admixture of mixture into the other cases.
  • the respiratory bag 13 is connected to an end piece, here a bleed end piece 30.
  • This connection is made by means of an inspiration 16 and expiration circuit 17.
  • the inspiration circuit 16 includes an inspiration check valve shown schematically at 18.
  • the exhalation circuit 17 includes an exhalation valve shown schematically at 19.
  • the apparatus comprises a switching means which, in a position called “rest”, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, is adapted to direct the exhaled flow towards a valve 23 called “leakage” and, in a position called “working” is adapted to direct the exhaled flow towards said exhalation valve 19.
  • this switching means is in the form of a solenoid valve 21.
  • the respiratory device comprises an inspired gas measuring device and an expired gas measuring device.
  • these two devices are combined in a single volume sensor 22 disposed in the nozzle 30 near the mouth of the plunger.
  • the apparatus according to the present invention also comprises a computer 24 connected to the solenoid valve 21 via an amplifier 25 and to said volume sensor 22.
  • a voltage source 26 supplies the assembly 27 constituted by the computer, l amplifier and solenoid coil.
  • the bleed nozzle 30 has a generally annular structure 31 comprising a conduit 32 called “inspiration” and a conduit 33 says “expiration” to which the inspiration 16 and expiration 17 circuits are connected respectively.
  • the structure 31 of the bleed nozzle 30 comprises a first coaxial outlet 34 called "mouthpiece outlet”, intended to be connected to a rubber element, not shown, and acting as the mouthpiece itself, which the plunger places in his mouth.
  • the structure 31 includes a second coaxial outlet 35 called “leak” or “purge”. This outlet is closed by the leakage check valve 23 preventing any movement of liquid from the outside of the structure 31 towards the inside thereof.
  • the exhalation duct 33 extends inside the structure 31 by an elbow 44 and opens into the latter by a circular inlet 37 provided with a seal shown diagrammatically at 38.
  • the inlet 37 is, in this embodiment, coaxial with the entire structure 31.
  • the inlet 37 and the leak outlet 35, which has a seal 48, can be closed by means of the solenoid valve 21 which will be described below.
  • This solenoid valve comprises a shutter or shutter plate 39 mounted on a cylinder 40 of diameter greater than that of the leak outlet 35 and comprising a series of passages 41.
  • the cylinder 40 is integral with a magnetic annular core 42 sliding at inside an annular coil 43 (also shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1).
  • the computer 24 and the amplifier 25 are housed in an annular housing 49 arranged, in the structure 31, around the coil 43. These electronic devices have not been shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • a volume sensor 22 is placed in the end piece 30 near the mouth of the plunger.
  • this volume sensor comprises a gauge blade 220 disposed in the outlet of the end piece 34 and connected to the computer disposed in the housing 49 and controlling the solenoid valve (connection shown diagrammatically at 50 aux Figures 1 to 4).
  • FIG. 5 a diagram of the times during a normal breathing cycle of a diver is shown diagrammatically.
  • a normal cycle comprises an inspiration phase INS and an expiration phase EXP.
  • the inspiration phase is separated from the expiration phase by a first rest time TR1 while the expiration phase is separated from the next inspiration phase by a second rest time TR2.
  • FIG. 6 an example of an operating flowchart of the computer 24 has been shown: the operating phases being shown in solid lines, while the breathing phases recalled above are shown in dashed lines.
  • FIGS. 1, 2, 5, 6 the mixture coming from the respiratory bag 13 arrives in the inspiration conduit 32 by following the inspiration circuit 16 comprising the inspiration valve 18.
  • inspiration circuit 16 comprising the inspiration valve 18.
  • this air follows a circuit represented by the arrow 50 a between the inspiration duct 32 and the nozzle outlet 34.
  • the gauge blade 220 of the volume sensor 22 deforms to take the position shown in FIG. 2. This deformation is proportional to the speed of the gas through the nozzle outlet 34. Knowing the section of said outlet, one can determine the volume of gas in circulation on inspiration.
  • the computer 24, connected to said gauge blade 220 of the volume sensor 22, FIG. 1, is then in the DINS detection step of the inspiration phase and can sample, in a well known manner, the deformation point by point of the blade during this step.
  • the computer gives the volume of gas VI actually inspired during the inspiration period INS and calculates a volume of exhaled gas to be leaked or leaked VF, during the following expiration period.
  • the volume of exhaled gas to let VF leak is equal to one tenth of the volume of the gas previously inspired.
  • the calculation time is 1/1000 sec. (see figure 5, diagram C VI VF).
  • the computer At the start of the expiration phase EXP, which the computer detects in DEXP, the computer maintains the shutter plate 39 in the low position against the seal 38, so that the exhaled gas follows a path shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, by the arrows 50 a , between the end outlet 34 and the leak outlet 35. This gas has access to the outlet 35 through the orifices 41 of the cylinder 40, and repels, as soon as the expiration pressure is sufficient, the exhalation valve 23.
  • the computer 24 knows that there is a leak since the shutter 39 remains in the low or "rest” position (step DF).
  • the computer samples the deformation of the gauge blade 220 and thus determines the volume of gas VR which is actually leaking.
  • the computer controls the opening of the solenoid valve 21 and the shutter plate 39 comes into the working position against the seal 48, FIG. 4.
  • the exhaled gas then follows a path shown diagrammatically by the arrows 50 a .
  • the gauge blade At the end of expiration FEXP, the gauge blade, during the second rest time TR2, takes up a substantially horizontal position that the computer 24 detects.
  • the computer compares the volume of gas to be leaked VF calculated during the inspiration phase and the volume of gas VR, which has actually leaked. If these values are similar, the FN device operates normally and another cycle can start again. If these values are different and this occurs again during a number of breathing cycles greater than a predetermined number n (10 for example), an alarm AL is then triggered and the solenoid valve 21 is blocked in the leakage position such as shown in Figures 2, 3.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the normal operation of the device, at the start of expiration, there is a leak (TF). As soon as the leak is finished, there is a return to bag 13 (RGS).
  • FIG. 5 also shows a diagram of the times for checking C of the proper functioning of the device during the second rest times TR2.
  • FIG. 7 shows a variant embodiment 10a of the apparatus according to the present invention, wherein an oxygen cylinder used 11a and a bottle of an inert gas such as nitrogen 11b.
  • These bottles are fitted with regulators comprising a device 110 a , 110 b making it possible to introduce a mixture of gases into the bag 13, such that the partial pressure of the oxygen is always between the so-called safety values, whatever the depth at which the diver moves.
  • regulators 110 and 110 b may be of the type described in French Patent No. 2,491,428.
  • the volume of gas to be leaked VF can be arbitrary.
  • Those skilled in the art are well aware that when using bottles containing a mixture of oxygen and inert gas in predetermined proportions, depending on the working depth, the lower the leak, the lower the quantity of inert gas in the respiratory bag increases and as a result, the mixture in the bottle must therefore be oxygenated compared to the working depth considered.
  • the leak is particularly significant, the oxygen level in the respiratory bag approaches that of the mixture. The mixture can then be oxygenated normally depending on the working depth.
  • the bleed nozzle described in support of FIGS. 2 to 4 may include a mechanical system making it possible to manually block the shutter plate 39 in the working or rest position, in the event of failure of the electromechanical system. .
  • FIGS 8, 9 and 10 show a pneumatic variant of the invention.
  • the simplified diagram in Figure 9 includes: - A probe 122 Pal located in the mouthpiece 30 which generates a leak at the time of inspiration or expiration.
  • This probe may be a device known as "tilt” or any other similar device. It is connected, via 50 to K1 and V1.
  • - an adjustable nozzle K1 which is adjusted according to the respiratory cycle.
  • - a 3/2 distributor (three orifices-two positions) connected to the medium pressure gas source MP, enables the volume Ca controlled by the jack V1 to be supplied.
  • an adjustable nozzle K2 which regulates the percentage of gas to be discharged outside.
  • VA valve constituted by two plane valves VA1 and VA2 forming an acute angle, in the figure.
  • VA1 is connected to the cylinder V3.
  • V3 empties, VA1 closes the expiration duct "Expi”.
  • V3 fills the valves pivot around the hinge O and VA2 closes the leakage pipe "Leak”. All cylinders are of the single acting type.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the pneumatic variant of the device of FIG. 1, the same elements bearing the same references.
  • the computer 24 electrical means
  • pneumatic means 124 pneumatically performing a similar function with a medium pressure air supply MP instead of an electrical supply
  • the amplifier 25 and the control coil 43 associated with the electromagnet forming part of the solenoid valve 21 have been replaced by the assembly 125 comprising in particular the cylinder V3 acting on the valve VA to ensure, as the case may be, the switching in position of "leakage” or "towards the bag” of the air exhaled by the diver.
  • the means 124 and 125 are shown in detail in FIG. 8.
  • the probe 122 Pal in FIG. 8 has been substituted for the probe 22 in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 The operation of the device in FIGS. 8 and 9 will be better understood using the diagram in FIG. 10 representing the logic levels at different points thereof as a function of time.
  • the probe Pal creates a leak and the jack V1 is emptied, therefore goes to state 0;
  • the jack V1 being in state 0, the capacity Ca is filled;
  • V2 and V3 empties with a delay K2 (as below between t2 and t4).
  • the probe Pal closes and the cylinder V1 fills from t3 with a certain delay due to K1;
  • the jack V1 goes to state 1, the capacity Ca is emptied in V2 which brings V3 to state 1. (V3 filled)
  • the probe Pal creates a leak and the jack V1 is emptied therefore goes to state 0;
  • the jack V1 being in state 0, the capacity Ca is filled;
  • the cylinder V2 empties, starting from t5 with a delay due to K2.
  • the mixture exhaled by the plunger is directed towards the purifying cartridge ("towards the bag").
  • the jack V3 thus goes to state 0 and, the exhaled mixture is directed towards the outside ("Leak").

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
EP87401695A 1986-07-21 1987-07-21 Atmungsapparat für Taucher Expired - Lifetime EP0255789B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87401695T ATE50220T1 (de) 1986-07-21 1987-07-21 Atmungsapparat fuer taucher.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8610532A FR2601598B1 (fr) 1986-07-21 1986-07-21 Appareil respiratoire de plongee
FR8610532 1986-07-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0255789A1 true EP0255789A1 (de) 1988-02-10
EP0255789B1 EP0255789B1 (de) 1990-02-07

Family

ID=9337582

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87401695A Expired - Lifetime EP0255789B1 (de) 1986-07-21 1987-07-21 Atmungsapparat für Taucher

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4809691A (de)
EP (1) EP0255789B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE50220T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3761645D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2601598B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3901919A1 (de) * 1989-01-24 1990-07-26 Draegerwerk Ag Kreislaufatemschutzgeraet
US9278742B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2016-03-08 KISS Rebreather, LLC Rebreather mouthpiece
GB2494163A (en) * 2011-09-01 2013-03-06 Draeger Safety Uk Ltd Closed circuit breathing apparatus and method of operating the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1538953A (fr) * 1962-12-07 1968-09-13 Appareil respiratoire pour plongées profondes
FR1550305A (de) * 1967-11-06 1968-12-20
US3695261A (en) * 1970-10-12 1972-10-03 Donald R Emmons Semi-closed rebreathing apparatus
FR2313951A1 (fr) * 1975-06-11 1977-01-07 Buysse Rene Respirateur avec recyclage a l'aspiration d'une fraction du volume expire
FR2491428A1 (fr) * 1980-10-03 1982-04-09 Fenzy Cie Sa Appareil respiratoire de plongee

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2882895A (en) * 1955-10-01 1959-04-21 Galeazzi Roberto Open-cycle breathing apparatus
GB914343A (en) * 1959-02-06 1963-01-02 Pye Ltd Electronic time cycled respirator
US4640277A (en) * 1984-05-17 1987-02-03 Texas College Of Osteopathic Medicine Self-contained breathing apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1538953A (fr) * 1962-12-07 1968-09-13 Appareil respiratoire pour plongées profondes
FR1550305A (de) * 1967-11-06 1968-12-20
US3695261A (en) * 1970-10-12 1972-10-03 Donald R Emmons Semi-closed rebreathing apparatus
FR2313951A1 (fr) * 1975-06-11 1977-01-07 Buysse Rene Respirateur avec recyclage a l'aspiration d'une fraction du volume expire
FR2491428A1 (fr) * 1980-10-03 1982-04-09 Fenzy Cie Sa Appareil respiratoire de plongee

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0255789B1 (de) 1990-02-07
US4809691A (en) 1989-03-07
FR2601598B1 (fr) 1988-11-10
DE3761645D1 (de) 1990-03-15
ATE50220T1 (de) 1990-02-15
FR2601598A1 (fr) 1988-01-22

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