EP0255068A1 - Filter for short electromagnetic waves having the shape of comb filters or interdigital filters - Google Patents
Filter for short electromagnetic waves having the shape of comb filters or interdigital filters Download PDFInfo
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- EP0255068A1 EP0255068A1 EP87110779A EP87110779A EP0255068A1 EP 0255068 A1 EP0255068 A1 EP 0255068A1 EP 87110779 A EP87110779 A EP 87110779A EP 87110779 A EP87110779 A EP 87110779A EP 0255068 A1 EP0255068 A1 EP 0255068A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
- H01P7/005—Helical resonators; Spiral resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
- H01P1/205—Comb or interdigital filters; Cascaded coaxial cavities
Definitions
- the invention relates to a type of comb line or. Interdigital line filter designed filter according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Helix filters also require a relatively large production outlay and many individual parts.
- the filters with air dielectric built with metal rods are voluminous, those with ceramic dielectric are relatively heavy, which is particularly undesirable in portable devices.
- the invention has for its object to provide implementation options of filters in the manner of comb line or interdigital line filters which have high-quality electrical properties and which can be produced as inexpensively as possible in a small size.
- FIG. 1 the state of the art is shown again for rapid understanding, as is given, for example, in the above-mentioned literature reference "Fujitsu Scientific Technical Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3, pages 29 to 52".
- a comb line filter is shown, which with the so-called ten interdigital filters are known to have the same effect.
- the inner conductors are arranged in the manner of a comb and open out on the same housing surface, while in the interdigital filter the inner conductors alternately open out on opposite housing surfaces.
- Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b four resonators R1 to R4 are provided. They have approximately the length ⁇ / 4.
- the resonators R1 to R4 are arranged in the housing G and on their faces the capacitances CV1 to CV an can be seen, which can either actually be switched or which also symbolically represent the stray capacitances of the inner conductors R1 to R4.
- the resonators R1 to R4 have the diameter d.
- At the first resonator R1 opens an input line E, which is usually designed as a coaxial line.
- the inner conductor of this coaxial line is firmly connected to the resonator R 1, the outer conductor is firmly connected to the housing G.
- the output line A can be seen on the resonator R4, the inner conductor of which is connected to the resonator R4, while the outer conductor is also connected to the housing G.
- the reference numerals K1, K2 and K3 that the coupling between the resonators acts as a line coupling, as is the case with interdigital filters.
- this type of filter implementation has the disadvantage that it takes up a relatively large amount of space and may also be relatively difficult.
- spiral resonators SpR1 to SpR4 are now used, which are designed as flat, flat spirals and which are also housed in the housing G. Between these spirals there is a line coupling K1 K2 and K3. The input line E and the output line A can also be seen.
- the elevation of Fig. 2b shows that there Tuning screws A1 to A4 are provided, which in the special embodiment are perpendicular to the planes of the spirals and their longitudinal axis goes approximately through the center of the spirals.
- Input E and output A are shown as tapped coils in order to symbolically represent the transformer effect of the tapping.
- planar spiral resonators however, is that the entire resonator set of a filter can be manufactured precisely and inexpensively using punching, form-etching or casting technology, as well as on laminated circuit boards, which is basically not possible, for example, with filters with helical resonators.
- All design methods for line filters e.g. Fujitsu Scientific Technical Journal, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 29 to 52
- the coupling distance K1-K3 between the spirals depends on the chosen spiral shape and the winding sense and experimental must be determined.
- a slight shortening of the spiral length compared to an extended resonator is also necessary because of the additional capacitance C w occurring between the spiral windings.
- FIG. 2 shows an undivided filter lying between input E and output A with an etched or punched or spark-eroded compact resonator set SpR1-SpR4, installed in a housing G and surrounded by a dielectric D1, which is here, for example, air. Frequency tuning is possible with the screws A1-A4.
- FIG. 3 shows the simplified equivalent circuit with four resonant circuits.
- 4a, 4b and 5 show further advantageous embodiments.
- parts having the same effect are also designated with the same reference notes as in the previous figures, so that there is no longer any need to go into them in detail.
- 4a, 4b and 5 are shown in elevation, in side view and in Fig. 4a also the top view spiral resonator filter with a coupling Ü1 or Ü2.
- the associated electrical equivalent circuit diagram is drawn in FIG. 6.
- the overcoupling U1 leads from the input E to a connection point S1
- the overcoupling Ü2 which is shown as an example and which is not realized in the exemplary embodiment - leads from a connection point S2 to the output A.
- overcoupling Ü2 does not lead directly to output A
- such measures can produce damping poles in the filter characteristic.
- two sets of resonators SpR1 to SpR4 are connected in parallel.
- the two sets of resonators have the same geometry and the parallel connection of the individual conductor parts reduces the losses and thus increases the quality of the resonators.
- the individual resonators are again labeled 1 to 4, the associated inductors with L1 to L4 and the associated capacitances C1 to C4.
- the coupling-in capacitance is denoted by C K1 and the coupling-out capacitance by C K2 .
- C K1 The coupling-in capacitance
- C K2 the coupling-out capacitance
- inductors in the longitudinal branch of the circuit which are also identified by L K1 and L K2 .
- a capacitive overcoupling C ü which is connected from the input to the resonant circuit 2, illustrates the effect of the overcoupling Ü1.
- the complete set of resonators to avoid mechanical vibrations was additionally installed in the housing G on a low-loss, for example, Teflon carrier plate T.
- Teflon carrier plate T In the support plate T are also holes for the tuning elements A1 to A4 and the coupling bases S1 and S2 incorporated.
- the resonator set was implemented as an example on a double-laminated, low-loss printed circuit board L.
- this solution is expected to have a lower quality than that of a pure air dielectric.
- the equivalent circuit diagram for the implementations according to FIGS. 4 and 5 is shown in FIG. 6. You can see some other advantageous details. From the characteristic function belonging to FIG. 6 you can see a finite pole, which is realized by the coupling C ü (Fig. 6) or Ü1.
- the conductor length of the spiral including the effect of a shortening factor is ⁇ / 4.
- the corresponding frequency is related to the center of the pass band.
- the characteristic impedance Z is expediently chosen to be 50 ... 150. With a rectangular cross section of the conductor, Z is known to depend on the conductor width and thickness and on its distance from the metal housing and can be calculated using known methods such as in the strip-line technique.
- the resonator qualities depend essentially on the nature and conductivity of the surface and the filter volume.
- Two resonator arrangements of the same geometry (according to FIG. 5) which are approximately parallel at a distance from the conductor width bring quality improvements of up to 30%.
- the geometry of the resonators need not be limited to spirals with a continuous course. If necessary, the resonators can also be realized in a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 7 or with a different line cross section - adapted to the current occupancy of the resonator. Likewise, a 90 ° rotation of the spirals SpR1 to SpR5, as shown in Fig. 8 or Fig. 9, is possible.
- the spiral center points M as in FIGS. 9 and 10 can also be selected as the common base point of the spirals.
- a carrier plate 6 is used for receiving the ground connections M and the resonators SpR1 to SpR4.
- FIG. 11 shows the measured curve of the operating attenuation a B and the reflection attenuation a r as a function of the frequency f of a filter according to FIG. 4 implemented at 900 MHz.
- the pass band lies approximately between 935 MHz and 970 MHz.
- a damping pole of the operating damping a b occurs, so that it can be seen that the operating damping curve can be increased at any time.
- the filters described above especially in the frequency range of traffic radio, require a relatively small volume with good electrical properties.
- the resonators designed as spiral resonators have a shortening of the electri length, which is particularly advantageous in mobile systems.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein in der Art von Kammleitungs-bzw. Interdigitalleitungsfiltern ausgebildetes Filter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a type of comb line or. Interdigital line filter designed filter according to the preamble of claim 1.
Filter der vorgenannten Art sind aus der Literaturstelle "Band-Pass and Band-Stop Microwave Filter using λ/4 Circular Cylindrical Real Resonators", Fujitsu Scientific Technical Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3, S. 29 bis 52, (Autoren Dy Juhio Ito, Takeshi Meguro) bekannt.Filters of the aforementioned type are from the literature reference "Band-Pass and Band-Stop Microwave Filters using λ / 4 Circular Cylindrical Real Resonators", Fujitsu Scientific Technical Journal, Vol. 3, pp. 29 to 52, (authors Dy Juhio Ito, Takeshi Meguro).
Beim beweglichen Funk, Richtfunk und Satellitenfunk werden u.a. Sende-Empfangsweichen und ZF-Bandpässe mit hoher Selektivität und geringen Verlusten benötigt.With mobile radio, directional radio and satellite radio, i.a. Transceivers and ZF bandpasses with high selectivity and low losses required.
Neben der Forderung nach hoher Resonatorgüte werden speziell beim beweglichen Funk, wie z.B. beim Autotelefon, kleines Volumen, geringes Gewicht und kostengünstige Herstellungsverfahren für die Massenproduktion verlangt.In addition to the demand for high resonator quality, especially with mobile radio, such as for car phones, small volume, light weight and inexpensive manufacturing processes for mass production.
Bisher wurden solche Filter mit Helix-Resonatoren gemäß der Literaturstelle B.K. Dube "The Design of Filters Using Helical Resonators in VHF-Band, J. Instn. Electronics Telecom. Engrs., Vol. 22, No. 2, 1976, S. 77 bis 79". oder mit Resonatoren in Form von Metallstäben z.B. als Kamm- oder Interdigitalfiltern gemäß der einleitend genannten Literaturstelle aufgebaut, wobei als Dielektrikum neben Luft auch Keramik, z.B. nach der US-PS 4 431 977, verwendet wird, was die Metallstablänge und das Volumen um den Faktor √ε verkleinert, wenn ε die Dielektrizitätskonstante der Keramik ist. Außerdem sind Filter bekannt, bei denen auf Keramiksubstrat planare Spiralspulen mit diskreten Kondensatoren zu Serienkreisen ergänzt und zu einem Bandpaß zusammengeschaltet werden. In dieser Technik werden weder hohe Resonatorgüten noch eine kostengünstige Herstellung erreicht.So far, such filters have been used with helix resonators according to the literature reference BK Dube "The Design of Filters Using Helical Resonators in VHF-Band, J. Instn. Electronics Telecom. Engrs., Vol. 22, No. 2, 1976, pp. 77 bis 79 ". or constructed with resonators in the form of metal rods, for example as comb or interdigital filters in accordance with the literature reference mentioned at the beginning, ceramic as a dielectric, for example according to US Pat. No. 4,431,977, is used, which reduces the metal rod length and the volume by the factor √ε, if ε is the dielectric constant of the ceramic. Filters are also known in which planar spiral coils with discrete capacitors are added to series circuits on ceramic substrates and interconnected to form a bandpass filter. In this technology, neither high resonator qualities nor cost-effective production are achieved.
Ebenso erfordern Helixfilter relativ großen Fertigungsaufwand und viele Einzelteile. Die mit Metallstäben aufgebauten Filter mit Luftdielektrikum sind voluminös, die mit Keramikdielektrikum relativ schwer, was besonders bei tragbaren Geräten nicht erwünscht ist.Helix filters also require a relatively large production outlay and many individual parts. The filters with air dielectric built with metal rods are voluminous, those with ceramic dielectric are relatively heavy, which is particularly undesirable in portable devices.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Realisierungsmöglichkeiten von Filtern nach Art von Kammleitungs- bzw. Interdigitalleitungsfiltern anzugeben, die hochwertige elektrische Eigenschaften aufweisen und die bei kleiner Baugröße möglichst kostengünstig herstellbar sind.The invention has for its object to provide implementation options of filters in the manner of comb line or interdigital line filters which have high-quality electrical properties and which can be produced as inexpensively as possible in a small size.
Diese Aufgabe wird für Filter nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 erfindungsgemäß nach dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention for filters according to the preamble of patent claim 1 according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous refinements are specified in the subclaims.
Anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen wird nachstehend die Erfindung noch näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments.
Es zeigen in der Zeichnung
- Fig. 1a die Draufsicht auf ein bekanntes Filter das als Kammleitungsfilter ausgebildet ist,
- Fig. 1b das Filter nach Fig. 1a im Aufriß,
- Fig. 2a ein Spiralresonatorfilter mit vier planaren Resonatoren,
- Fig. 2b den Aufriß und den Seitenriß eines Filters nach Fig. 2a,
- Fig. 3 ein vereinfachtes Ersatzschaltbild eines Filters nach Fig. 2 mit vier Schwingkreisen,
- Fig. 4a die Draufsicht und den Seitenriß eines Spiralresonatorfilters mit vier planaren Resonatoren auf einem Trägermaterial T mit einer Überkopplung Ü,
- Fig. 4b den Aufriß eines Filters nach Fig. 4a,
- Fig. 5 den Aufriß und den Seitenriß eines Spiralresonatorfilters mit vier planaren Resonatoren auf einer doppelt-kaschierten Leiterplatte L,
- Fig. 6 ein vereinfachtes elektrisches Ersatzschaltbild der Filter nach den Fig. 4a, 4b und 5,
- Fig. 7 eine fünfkreisige Spiralresonatoranordnung in rechteckiger Ausführung der Spiralen,
- Fig. 8 den Aufriß und die Seitenansicht eines fünfkreisigen Spiralresonatorfilters, dessen Resonatoren gegenüber den Fig. 2 bis 7 um 90° gedreht sind,
- Fig. 9 ein fünfkreisiges Spiralresonatorfilter mit 90° gedrehten Einzelresonatoren und einer Innen-Massung M der Spiralen,
- Fig. 10 eine vierkreisige Spiralresonatoranordnung mit planaren Einzelresonatoren und einer Innenmassung der einzelnen Resonatoren,
- Fig. 11 die Betriebsdämpfung aB und die Reflexionsdämpfung ar eines Vierkreisfilters nach Fig. 4a, b als Funktion der Frequenz f.
- 1a the top view of a known filter which is designed as a comb line filter,
- 1b the filter of FIG. 1a in elevation,
- 2a shows a spiral resonator filter with four planar resonators,
- 2b shows the elevation and the side elevation of a filter according to Fig. 2a,
- 3 shows a simplified equivalent circuit diagram of a filter according to FIG. 2 with four resonant circuits,
- 4a the top view and the side view of a spiral resonator filter with four planar resonators on a carrier material T with a coupling U,
- 4b shows the elevation of a filter according to Fig. 4a,
- 5 shows the elevation and the side elevation of a spiral resonator filter with four planar resonators on a double-laminated circuit board L,
- 6 shows a simplified electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the filter according to FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5,
- 7 shows a five-circle spiral resonator arrangement in a rectangular design of the spirals,
- 8 shows the elevation and the side view of a five-circuit spiral resonator filter, the resonators of which are rotated by 90 ° with respect to FIGS. 2 to 7,
- 9 shows a five-circuit spiral resonator filter with 90 ° rotated individual resonators and an internal dimension M of the spirals,
- 10 shows a four-circuit spiral resonator arrangement with planar individual resonators and an internal ground of the individual resonators,
- 11 shows the operational attenuation a B and the reflection attenuation a r of a four-circuit filter according to FIG. 4a, b as a function of the frequency f.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 1 ist zum raschen Verständnis nochmals der Stand der Technik dargestellt, wie er beispielsweise in der eingangs genannten Literaturstelle "Fujitsu Scientific Technical Journal, Vol. 4, Nr. 3, Seite 29 bis 52" angegeben ist. Als Beispiel ist dargestellt ein Kammleitungsfilter, das mit den sogenann ten Interdigitalfiltern bekanntlich an sich wirkungsgleich ist. Beim Kammleitungsfilter sind die Innenleiter nach Art eines Kammes angeordnet und münden auf der gleichen Gehäusefläche ein, während beim Interdigitalfilter die Innenleiter abwechselnd auf gegenüberliegende Gehäuseflächen einmünden. Im Beispiel von Fig. 1a und Fig. 1b sind vier Resonatoren R₁ bis R₄ vorgesehen. Sie haben etwa die Länge λ/4. Die Resonatoren R₁ bis R₄ sind im Gehäüse G angeordnet und an ihren Stirnseiten sind die Kapazitäten CV₁ bis CV₄ zu erkennen, die entweder tatsächlich geschaltet sein können oder die auch symbolisch die Streukapazitäten der Innenleiter R₁ bis R₄ darstellen. Die Resonatoren R₁ bis R₄ haben den Durchmesser d. An den ersten Resonator R₁ mündet eine Eingangsleitung E, die in der Regel als Koaxialleitung ausgebildet ist. Der Innenleiter dieser Koaxialleitung ist fest mit dem Resonator R₁ verbunden, der Außenleiter fest mit dem Gehäuse G verbunden. Entsprechend dazu ist am Resonator R₄ die Ausgangsleitung A zu erkennen, deren Innenleiter mit dem Resonator R₄ verbunden ist, während der Außenleiter ebenfalls mit dem Gehäuse G verbunden ist. Erkennbar ist auch durch die Bezugszeichen K₁, K₂ und K₃ daß die Kopplung zwischen den Resonatoren als Leitungskopplung wirkt wie dies auch bei Interdigitalfiltern der Fall ist.In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the state of the art is shown again for rapid understanding, as is given, for example, in the above-mentioned literature reference "Fujitsu Scientific Technical Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3, pages 29 to 52". As an example, a comb line filter is shown, which with the so-called ten interdigital filters are known to have the same effect. In the case of the comb line filter, the inner conductors are arranged in the manner of a comb and open out on the same housing surface, while in the interdigital filter the inner conductors alternately open out on opposite housing surfaces. In the example of Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, four resonators R₁ to R₄ are provided. They have approximately the length λ / 4. The resonators R₁ to R₄ are arranged in the housing G and on their faces the capacitances CV₁ to CV an can be seen, which can either actually be switched or which also symbolically represent the stray capacitances of the inner conductors R₁ to R₄. The resonators R₁ to R₄ have the diameter d. At the first resonator R₁ opens an input line E, which is usually designed as a coaxial line. The inner conductor of this coaxial line is firmly connected to the resonator R 1, the outer conductor is firmly connected to the housing G. Correspondingly, the output line A can be seen on the resonator R₄, the inner conductor of which is connected to the resonator R₄, while the outer conductor is also connected to the housing G. It can also be seen from the reference numerals K₁, K₂ and K₃ that the coupling between the resonators acts as a line coupling, as is the case with interdigital filters.
Diese Art der Filterrealisierung hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß sie einen verhältnismäßig großen Raumbedarf hat und gegebenenfalls auch verhältnismäßig schwer wird.However, this type of filter implementation has the disadvantage that it takes up a relatively large amount of space and may also be relatively difficult.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2a und 2b sind nun Spiralresonatoren SpR₁ bis SpR₄ verwendet, die als flache, ebene Spiralen ausgebildet sind und die ebenfalls im Gehäuse G untergebracht sind. Auch zwischen diesen Spiralen besteht eine Leitungskopplung K₁ K₂ und K₃. Die Eingangsleitung E und die Ausgangsleitung A ist ebenfalls zu erkennen. Im Aufriß von Fig. 2b ist zu erkennen, daß dort Abstimmschrauben A₁ bis A₄ vorgesehen sind, die im speziellen Ausführungsbeispiel senkrecht stehen auf dem Ebenen der Spiralen und deren Längsachse etwa durch das Zentrum der Spiralen geht.In the embodiment of FIGS. 2a and 2b spiral resonators SpR₁ to SpR₄ are now used, which are designed as flat, flat spirals and which are also housed in the housing G. Between these spirals there is a line coupling K₁ K₂ and K₃. The input line E and the output line A can also be seen. The elevation of Fig. 2b shows that there Tuning screws A₁ to A₄ are provided, which in the special embodiment are perpendicular to the planes of the spirals and their longitudinal axis goes approximately through the center of the spirals.
In Fig. 3 ist das elektrische Ersatzschaltbild dargestellt, das also vier Resonanzkreise 1, 2, 3 und 4 enthält. Der Eingang E und der Ausgang A sind als angezapfte Spulen dargestellt um die transformatorische Wirkung der Anzapfung ebenfalls symbolisch darzustellen.3 shows the electrical equivalent circuit diagram, which therefore contains four
Der wesentliche Vorteil der planaren Spiralresonatoren besteht jedoch darin, daß jeweils der gesamte Resonatorsatz eines Filters in Stanz-, Formätz- oder Gußtechnik sowie auf kaschierten Leiterplatten präzise und kostengünstig hergestellt werden kann, was z.B. bei den Filtern mit Helixresonatoren grundsätzlich nicht möglich ist. Zur Konzipierung können alle Entwurfsverfahren für Leitungsfilter (z.B. Fujitsu Scientific Technical Journal, Vol. 4 Nr. 3, S. 29 bis 52) angewandt werden, wobei der Kopplungsabstand K₁-K₃ zwischen den Spiralen abhängig ist von der gewählten Spiralform und dem Windungssinn und experimentell ermittelt werden muß. Ebenso ist eine geringe Verkürzung der Spiralenlänge gegenüber einem gestreckten Resonator erforderlich wegen der zwischen den Spiralwindungen auftretenden zusätzlichen Kapazität Cw.The main advantage of planar spiral resonators, however, is that the entire resonator set of a filter can be manufactured precisely and inexpensively using punching, form-etching or casting technology, as well as on laminated circuit boards, which is basically not possible, for example, with filters with helical resonators. All design methods for line filters (e.g. Fujitsu Scientific Technical Journal, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 29 to 52) can be used to design, whereby the coupling distance K₁-K₃ between the spirals depends on the chosen spiral shape and the winding sense and experimental must be determined. A slight shortening of the spiral length compared to an extended resonator is also necessary because of the additional capacitance C w occurring between the spiral windings.
Fig. 2 zeigt also ein zwischen Eingang E und Ausgang A liegendes unversteilertes Filter mit einem geätzten oder gestanzten oder funkenerodierten kompakten Resonatorsatz SpR₁-SpR₄, eingebaut in ein Gehäuse G und umgeben von einem Dielektrikum D₁, welches hier z.B. Luft ist. Eine Frequenzabstimmung ist durch die Schrauben A₁-A₄ möglich. Die vereinfachte Ersatzschaltung mit vier Schwingkreisen zeigt die schon erläuterte Fig. 3.Fig. 2 shows an undivided filter lying between input E and output A with an etched or punched or spark-eroded compact resonator set SpR₁-SpR₄, installed in a housing G and surrounded by a dielectric D₁, which is here, for example, air. Frequency tuning is possible with the screws A₁-A₄. The already explained FIG. 3 shows the simplified equivalent circuit with four resonant circuits.
In den Fig. 4a, 4b und 5 sind weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen gezeigt. Auch bei diesen Ausführungsbeispielen sind wirkungsgleiche Teile mit den gleichen Bezugshinweisen wie in den vorhergehenden Figuren bezeichnet, so daß hierauf nicht mehr im einzelnen eingegangen werden muß. In den Fig. 4a, 4b und 5 sind im Aufriß, in der Seitenansicht und in Fig. 4a auch der Draufsicht Spiralresonatorfilter mit einer Überkopplung Ü₁ bzw. Ü₂ gezeigt. Das zugehörige elektrische Ersatzschaltbild ist in Fig. 6 gezeichnet. Die Überkopplung Ü₁ führt vom Eingang E zu einem Anschlußpunkt S₁, die Überkopplung Ü₂ die als Beispiel gezeigt und die im Ausführungsmuster nicht realisiert ist - führt von einem Anschlußpunkt S₂ zum Ausgang A. Wenn solche Überkopplungen nicht unmittelbar vom Eingang zum ersten Resonator SpR₁ führen bzw. analog dazu auch eine Überkopplung Ü₂ nicht unmittelbar zum Ausgang A führt, dann lassen sich mit solchen Maßnahmen bekanntlich Dämpfungspole in der Filtercharakteristik erzeugen. Im speziellen sind im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 5 zwei Resonatorsätze SpR₁ bis SpR₄ parallel geschaltet. Die beiden Resonatorsätze haben die gleiche Geomtrie und durch die Parallelschaltung der einzelnen Leiterteile werden die Verluste verringert und damit die Güte der Resonatoren erhöht. In Fig. 6 sind die einzelnen Resonatoren wieder mit 1 bis 4 bezeichnet, die zugehörigen Induktivitäten mit L₁ bis L₄ und die zugehörigen Kapazitäten C₁ bis C₄. Die Einkoppelkapazit ät ist mit CK1 und die Auskoppelkapazität mit CK2 bezeichnet. Zwischen den einzelnen Resonanzkreisen liegen Induktivitäten im Längszweig der Schaltung, die noch mit LK1 bzw. LK2 kenntlich gemacht sind. Eine kapazitive Überkopplung Cü, die vom Eingang zum Resonanzkreis 2 geschaltet ist, veranschaulicht die Wirkung der Überkopplung Ü₁.4a, 4b and 5 show further advantageous embodiments. In these exemplary embodiments, parts having the same effect are also designated with the same reference notes as in the previous figures, so that there is no longer any need to go into them in detail. 4a, 4b and 5 are shown in elevation, in side view and in Fig. 4a also the top view spiral resonator filter with a coupling Ü₁ or Ü₂. The associated electrical equivalent circuit diagram is drawn in FIG. 6. The overcoupling U₁ leads from the input E to a connection point S₁, the overcoupling Ü₂ which is shown as an example and which is not realized in the exemplary embodiment - leads from a connection point S₂ to the output A. If such overcouplings do not lead directly from the input to the first resonator SpR₁ or analogous to this, overcoupling Ü₂ does not lead directly to output A, then, as is known, such measures can produce damping poles in the filter characteristic. In particular, in the embodiment of FIG. 5 two sets of resonators SpR₁ to SpR₄ are connected in parallel. The two sets of resonators have the same geometry and the parallel connection of the individual conductor parts reduces the losses and thus increases the quality of the resonators. In Fig. 6, the individual resonators are again labeled 1 to 4, the associated inductors with L₁ to L₄ and the associated capacitances C₁ to C₄. The coupling-in capacitance is denoted by C K1 and the coupling-out capacitance by C K2 . Between the individual resonance circuits there are inductors in the longitudinal branch of the circuit, which are also identified by L K1 and L K2 . A capacitive overcoupling C ü , which is connected from the input to the
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 4 wurde der komplette Resonatorsatz zur Vermeidung von mechanischen Schwingungen zusätzlich auf einer verlustarmen z.B. Teflon-Trägerplatte T punktuell befestigt ins Gehäuse G eingebaut. In der Trägerplatte T sind ferner Bohrungen für die Abstimmelemente A₁ bis A₄ und die Ankoppelstützpunkte S₁ und S₂ eingearbeitet.In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, the complete set of resonators to avoid mechanical vibrations was additionally installed in the housing G on a low-loss, for example, Teflon carrier plate T. In the support plate T are also holes for the tuning elements A₁ to A₄ and the coupling bases S₁ and S₂ incorporated.
In Fig. 5 wurde als Beispiel der Resonatorsatz auf einer doppeltkaschierten, verlustarmen Leiterplatte L realisiert. Bei dieser Lösung ist je nach Art des verwendeten Dielektrikums eine geringere Güte als bei reinem Luftdielektrikum zu erwarten.
Das Ersatzschaltbild für die Realisierungen nach den Fig. 4 und 5 ist in Fig. 6 wiedergegeben. Ihnen können einige weitere vorteilhafte Details entnommen werden. Aus der zu Fig. 6 gehörenden charakteristischen Funktion
The equivalent circuit diagram for the implementations according to FIGS. 4 and 5 is shown in FIG. 6. You can see some other advantageous details. From the characteristic function belonging to FIG. 6
Eine weitere Polstelle wäre z.B. durch die Überkopplung Ü₂ von SpR₄ nach SpR₃ (Fig. 4) möglich.
Zur Konzipierung von Filtern aus λ/4-Resonatoren z.B. mit Luftdielektrikum sind folgende Gesichtspunkte zu beachten.Another pole would be possible, for example, by coupling Ü₂ from SpR₄ to SpR₃ (Fig. 4).
When designing filters made of λ / 4 resonators, for example with an air dielectric, the following points should be considered.
Die Leiterlänge der Spirale ist inklusive der Wirkung eines Verkürzungsfaktors gleich λ/4. Die dazu korrespondierende Frequenz ist auf die Mitte des Durchlaßbereiches bezogen.The conductor length of the spiral including the effect of a shortening factor is λ / 4. The corresponding frequency is related to the center of the pass band.
Der Wellenwiderstand Z wird zweckmäßig mit 50...150 gewählt. Z ist bei rechteckigem Querschnitt des Leiters bekanntlich von der Leiterbreite und -dicke sowie von dessen Abstand zum Metallgehäuse abhängig und kann nach bekannten Methoden wie in der Strip-Line-Technik berechnet werden.The characteristic impedance Z is expediently chosen to be 50 ... 150. With a rectangular cross section of the conductor, Z is known to depend on the conductor width and thickness and on its distance from the metal housing and can be calculated using known methods such as in the strip-line technique.
Die Resonatorgüten sind wesentlich von der Beschaffenheit und Leitfähigkeit der Oberfläche und dem Filtervolumen abhängig. Zwei etwa im Abstand der Leiterbreite parallel aufgebaute Resonatoranordnungen gleicher Geometrie (nach Fig. 5) bringen Güteverbesserungen bis zu 30 %.The resonator qualities depend essentially on the nature and conductivity of the surface and the filter volume. Two resonator arrangements of the same geometry (according to FIG. 5) which are approximately parallel at a distance from the conductor width bring quality improvements of up to 30%.
In den Fig. 7 bis 10 sind weitere mögliche Ausführungsvarianten nur noch schematisch dargestellt, da die Wirkungsweise im vorstehenden bereits beschrieben wurde.7 to 10 further possible design variants are only shown schematically, since the mode of operation has already been described in the foregoing.
Zum Beispiel braucht die Geometrie der Resonatoren nicht auf Spiralen mit stetigem Verlauf beschränkt bleiben. Die Resonatoren können ggfs. auch in rechteckiger Form wie in Fig. 7 gezeigt oder mit unterschiedlichem Leitungsquerschnitt - angepaßt an die Strombelegung des Resonators - realisiert werden. Ebenso ist eine 90°-Drehung der Spiralen SpR₁ bis SpR₅, wie in Fig. 8 oder Fig. 9 dargestellt, möglich. Als gemeinsamer Fußpunkt der Spiralen können auch die Spiralenmittelpunkte M wie in den Fig. 9 und Fig. 10 gewählt werden. Im Beispiel der Fig. 10 ist eine Trägerplatte 6 zur Aufnahem der Masseanschlüsse M und der Resonatoren SpR₁ bis SpR₄ verwendet.For example, the geometry of the resonators need not be limited to spirals with a continuous course. If necessary, the resonators can also be realized in a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 7 or with a different line cross section - adapted to the current occupancy of the resonator. Likewise, a 90 ° rotation of the spirals SpR₁ to SpR₅, as shown in Fig. 8 or Fig. 9, is possible. The spiral center points M as in FIGS. 9 and 10 can also be selected as the common base point of the spirals. In the example of FIG. 10, a carrier plate 6 is used for receiving the ground connections M and the resonators SpR₁ to SpR₄.
Fig. 11 zeigt den gemessenen Verlauf der Betriebsdämpfung aB und der Reflexionsdämpfung ar in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz f eines bei 900 MHZ realisierten Filters nach Fig. 4. Der Durchlaßbereich liegt etwa zwischen 935 MHZ und 970 MHZ. Im frequenztieferen Sperrbereich, also etwa bei 910 MHZ tritt ein Dämpfungspol der Betriebsdämpfung ab auf, so daß erkennbar ist, daß Versteilerungen des Betriebsdämpfungsverlaufes jederzeit möglich sind.FIG. 11 shows the measured curve of the operating attenuation a B and the reflection attenuation a r as a function of the frequency f of a filter according to FIG. 4 implemented at 900 MHz. The pass band lies approximately between 935 MHz and 970 MHz. In the low-frequency blocking range, that is to say around 910 MHz, a damping pole of the operating damping a b occurs, so that it can be seen that the operating damping curve can be increased at any time.
Es kommt hinzu, daß die vorstehend beschriebenen Filter, insbesondere auch im Frequenzbereich des Verkehrsfunkes, bei guten elektrischen Eigenschaften ein verhältnismäßig kleines Volumen benötigen. Die als Spiralresonatoren ausgebildeten Resonatoren haben eine Verkürzung der elektri schen Baulänge zur Folge, was gerade auch in fahrbaren Anlagen als vorteilhaft anzusehen ist.In addition, the filters described above, especially in the frequency range of traffic radio, require a relatively small volume with good electrical properties. The resonators designed as spiral resonators have a shortening of the electri length, which is particularly advantageous in mobile systems.
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Innenleiter der Resonatoren (R₁...R₄) als ebene Spirale (SpR₁...SpR₄) ausgebildet ist (Fig. 2).1. In the manner of comb line or interdigital line filters designed filter for short electromagnetic waves, in which the resonators are arranged such that their coupling acts as a line coupling (K₁ ... K₃),
characterized,
that the inner conductor of the resonators (R₁ ... R₄) is designed as a flat spiral (SpR₁ ... SpR₄) (Fig. 2).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß Abstimmelemente (A₁...A₄) vorgesehen sind, die in den Feldraum der Spiralresonatoren (SpR₁...SpR₄) eintauchen.2. Filter according to claim 1,
characterized,
that tuning elements (A₁ ... A₄) are provided which plunge into the field space of the spiral resonators (SpR₁ ... SpR₄).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Abstimmelemente (A₁...A₄) als Abstimmschrauben ausgebildet sind, deren Längsachse senkrecht steht zur Ebene der Spiralresonatoren (SpR₁...SpR₄) und die Spirale etwa mittig durchdringt.3. Filter according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the tuning elements (A₁ ... A₄) are designed as tuning screws, the longitudinal axis of which is perpendicular to the plane of the spiral resonators (SpR₁ ... SpR₄) and penetrates the spiral approximately in the center.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Form der Spirale (SpR₁) abweicht von der stetigen Form.4. Filter according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the shape of the spiral (SpR₁) deviates from the continuous shape.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Spirale (SpR₁) als rechteckförmiger Linienzug nachgebildet ist.5. Filter according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the spiral (SpR₁) is reproduced as a rectangular line.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Leiterquerschnitt der Spirale (SpR₁) sich stetig oder sprunghaft ändert.6. Filtering according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the conductor cross-section of the spiral (SpR₁) changes continuously or suddenly.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Spiralresonatoren (SpR₁...SpR₄) derart angeordnet sind, daß die von den Spiralen gebildeten Ebenen in der gleichen Ebene liegen (Fig. 2).7. Filter according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the spiral resonators (SpR₁ ... SpR₄) are arranged such that the planes formed by the spirals are in the same plane (Fig. 2).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Spiralresonatoren (SpR₁...SpR₅) derart angeordnet sind, daß die von den Spiralen gebildeten Ebenen zueinander parallel verlaufen (Fig. 8).8. Filter according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the spiral resonators (SpR₁ ... SpR₅) are arranged such that the planes formed by the spirals run parallel to each other (Fig. 8).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Einkopplung (E) bzw. die Auskopplung (A) derart ausgebildet ist, daß wenigstens ein Resonator (SpR₁) überbrückt ist (Fig. 4).9. Filter according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the coupling (E) or the coupling (A) is designed such that at least one resonator (SpR₁) is bridged (Fig. 4).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zwei Resonatorsätze (SpR₁...SpR₄) gleicher Geometrie parallel geschaltet sind (Fig. 5).10. Filter according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that two resonator sets (SpR₁ ... SpR₄) of the same geometry are connected in parallel (Fig. 5).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87110779T ATE84639T1 (en) | 1986-07-29 | 1987-07-24 | IN THE KIND OF COMB LINE RESPECTIVELY. INTERDIGITAL LINE FILTERS DESIGNED FOR SHORT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3625559 | 1986-07-29 | ||
DE3625559 | 1986-07-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0255068A1 true EP0255068A1 (en) | 1988-02-03 |
EP0255068B1 EP0255068B1 (en) | 1993-01-13 |
Family
ID=6306176
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87110779A Expired - Lifetime EP0255068B1 (en) | 1986-07-29 | 1987-07-24 | Filter for short electromagnetic waves having the shape of comb filters or interdigital filters |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4757285A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0255068B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6338305A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE84639T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3783530D1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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DE4005654A1 (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-09-13 | Dx Antenna | COUPLING DEVICE FOR RF COAXIAL CABLES |
EP1014469A2 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-28 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Resonator, filter, duplexer, and communication device |
EP1109246A1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-20 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Filter, duplexer, and communications device |
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JPH04801A (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1992-01-06 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Band pass filter |
US5420553A (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1995-05-30 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Noise filter |
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JP2897678B2 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1999-05-31 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Dielectric resonator and high-frequency band-pass filter device |
US5945894A (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1999-08-31 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Dielectric resonator and filter utilizing a non-radiative dielectric waveguide device |
US5838213A (en) * | 1996-09-16 | 1998-11-17 | Illinois Superconductor Corporation | Electromagnetic filter having side-coupled resonators each located in a plane |
US6522217B1 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2003-02-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Tunable high temperature superconducting filter |
JP3452032B2 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2003-09-29 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Filter, duplexer and communication device |
JP3603826B2 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2004-12-22 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Spiral line assembly element, resonator, filter, duplexer and high frequency circuit device |
US7084720B2 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2006-08-01 | Broadcom Corporation | Printed bandpass filter for a double conversion tuner |
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US7714688B2 (en) * | 2005-01-20 | 2010-05-11 | Avx Corporation | High Q planar inductors and IPD applications |
JP5120945B2 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2013-01-16 | Dxアンテナ株式会社 | Balun device and antenna device |
WO2010082384A1 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-22 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Strip line filter |
KR101295869B1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2013-08-12 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Line filter formed on a plurality of insulation layers |
CN103311621A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Strip line high-pass filter based on fine line stub |
CN103311609A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Strip line high-pass filter based on spiral stub |
WO2020147063A1 (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2020-07-23 | 罗森伯格技术(昆山)有限公司 | Filter |
CN112038740A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-04 | 广州智讯通信系统有限公司 | Miniaturized multiplexer |
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- 1987-07-24 DE DE8787110779T patent/DE3783530D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-07-24 EP EP87110779A patent/EP0255068B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-28 JP JP62186796A patent/JPS6338305A/en active Granted
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4005654A1 (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-09-13 | Dx Antenna | COUPLING DEVICE FOR RF COAXIAL CABLES |
EP1014469A2 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-28 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Resonator, filter, duplexer, and communication device |
EP1014469A3 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2001-05-02 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Resonator, filter, duplexer, and communication device |
US6486754B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2002-11-26 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Resonator, filter, duplexer, and communication device |
EP1109246A1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-20 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Filter, duplexer, and communications device |
US6501345B2 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2002-12-31 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Filter, duplexer, and communications device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE84639T1 (en) | 1993-01-15 |
JPH056921B2 (en) | 1993-01-27 |
JPS6338305A (en) | 1988-02-18 |
EP0255068B1 (en) | 1993-01-13 |
US4757285A (en) | 1988-07-12 |
DE3783530D1 (en) | 1993-02-25 |
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