EP0252193A1 - Préparation et consolidation d'ébauches de poudre d'alliages métalliques - Google Patents

Préparation et consolidation d'ébauches de poudre d'alliages métalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0252193A1
EP0252193A1 EP86305315A EP86305315A EP0252193A1 EP 0252193 A1 EP0252193 A1 EP 0252193A1 EP 86305315 A EP86305315 A EP 86305315A EP 86305315 A EP86305315 A EP 86305315A EP 0252193 A1 EP0252193 A1 EP 0252193A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
powder
extrusion
theoretical
extruded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86305315A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Vincent N. Digiambattista
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Worl-Tech Ltd
Original Assignee
Worl-Tech Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Worl-Tech Ltd filed Critical Worl-Tech Ltd
Priority to EP86305315A priority Critical patent/EP0252193A1/fr
Priority to ZA865524A priority patent/ZA865524B/xx
Publication of EP0252193A1 publication Critical patent/EP0252193A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the production of billets from alloy metal powder. It is more particularly concerned with methods of manufacture by extrusion of such billets having densities approximating 100% of theoretical densities but employing reduction ratios considerably less than those heretofore employed, thus permitting manufacture of extrusions of relatively large cross-section.
  • the powder is loaded in successive level layers of about two inches thick, and a high energy rate forming ram is applied to each layer after it is deposited, thus compacting the powder to a tap density of about 80% of theoretical.
  • An inner plate is then loosely placed on the compacted powder in the extrusion container. This plate is also of carbon steel, of perhaps three inches thickness, and is not attached to the container shell.
  • a cover plate of the same metal and thickness as the inner plate On top of this inner plate is placed a cover plate of the same metal and thickness as the inner plate, and the cover plate is welded to the container shell.
  • the container so prepared is heated in a furnace to a temperature below the melting point of the alloy. For tool steel, that temperature is from about 1400° to about 1900°F. For high temperature alloys, such as are used in aircraft engines, the range extends to about 2100°F.
  • This treatment raises the density of the powder in the container to about 90-93% of theoretical.
  • the heated container is quickly placed in an extrusion press, and the extrusion is made at a reduction ratio of about 3 to 1, and at a force of about 3000 tons.
  • the inner plate, not being affixed to the extrusion container does not move at the same rate as the container, and in effect is partially extruded against the powder, so as to raise the density of the extruded billet to substantially 100% of theoretical density.
  • My process may also be adapted to produce an extrusion having a diameter as large as the extrusion container by loading the container and processing it in the way above set out and extruding it a distance sufficient only to accommodate the inner and outer covers in their extruded condition. The container is then removed without the remainder going through the die and thus leaves a billet having the cross-section of the container and the density of an extruded section.
  • My process is well adapted to the production of billets and shapes of tool steel or other high alloy steels.
  • My starting material is metal powder of the desired composition, most easily obtained by mixing together metal powders of the desired elements in the desired proportions.
  • I use metal powders of -80 mesh, that is, all the powder passes through an 80 mesh screen.
  • a process which can be adapted to produce such powder is disclosed in Clark et al., U.S. Patent 4,272,463 of June 9, 1981.
  • the powder is charged or loaded into an extrusion container 11 which may be a piece of carbon steel pipe 8 having a bottom end 9 of carbon steel welded thereon.
  • an extrusion container 11 which may be a piece of carbon steel pipe 8 having a bottom end 9 of carbon steel welded thereon.
  • I load the metal powder 10, in level layers of about 2" thickness.
  • Container 11 is thus charged with metal powder 10 in multiple superposed layers 12, as shown in Figure 1.
  • Each layer 12 after being charged is compacted by a high energy rate forming ram 16, as is shown in Figure 2, so as to compact the powder to a tap density of about 80% of theoretical.
  • I estimate that the energy level delivered to the metal powder by compacting is about 3,000,000 psi. This procedure is repeated until the container is filled to approximately 4" from the top.
  • a carbon steel plate 17 fitting inside container 11 is placed loosely on the powder 10 in container 11 but is not welded or otherwise affixed to container 11.
  • Plate 17 is about 3" thick, and forms an inner cover for the powder.
  • a similar disk, plate 18, is then placed on top of plate 17, and is welded to container 11 around the top edge of the latter, as is shown in Figure 4.
  • Plate 18 is inset about 1" into container 11, and forms an outercover therefor.
  • Container 11 so prepared is then placed in a heat treating furnace and is heated to a temperature substantially below the melting point of the alloy for 6 hours or so.
  • the heating temperature is from 1400° to about 1900°F.
  • the temperature range may extend to about 2100°F. The heating increases the density of the metal powder 10 to approximately 90-93% of theoretical density.
  • extrusion container 11 is then rapidly transferred from the heat treating furnace to the extrusion press, in about a minute, and extruded at a reduction ratio of about 3 to 1 at approximately 3000 tons pressure.
  • extrusion container 11 is shown passing through extrusion die 21.
  • Outer cover 18 is extruded into noise portion 22 of the extrusion and inner plate 17 is extruded into portion 23.
  • As plate 17 is not attached to the wall of container 11, that wall is drawn over plate 17 as thinner wall 24. It is my belief that plate 17 is extruded into portion 23 of greater cross-sectional area than wall portion 24 which is therefore more highly strained than portion 23, and is elongated with respect thereto.
  • Portion 23 in effect has been extruded backwards, further compacting the powder 10 in container 11 to a density of approximately 100% of theoretical.
  • Figure 6 shows the billet produced when container 11 has been fully extruded.
  • the resultant metal powder alloy was sieved through a No. 80 mesh, U-S. Standard Sieve. This graded alloy metal powder was then placed into a stainless steel "V" - cone blender, and blended for 30 minutes.
  • the metal alloy powder was then placed into a 1010 carbon steel pipe with a bottom plate welded into the bottom.
  • the carbon steel pipe measured 12" diameter x 38" long.
  • the powder was placed into the container in 2" high increments, after which the high energy rate forming ram was brought into position, and caused to impact several times. This procedure was continued until a full heighth of 34" was achieved.
  • the loaded container was weighed and contained approximately 750 lbs. of M-2 alloy metal powder.
  • the floating or free moving disk was placed into the carbon steel container.
  • the second steel disk was then placed on top of the free moving disk, and welded circumferentially to the carbon steel pipe.
  • the prepared extrusion shell was placed into a heat-­treating furnace, and heated to a temperature of 1700°F., and allowed to soak for a period of six hours at 1700°F.
  • the heated extrusion shell was automatically transferred from the heat treating furnace to the extrusion press in 40 seconds.
  • the extrusion container was extruded through a 7.170" diameter die.
  • the resultant extrusion was 7.170" diameter x approximately 7' long.
  • the extruded product was then placed into a vermiculite bed, and allowed to cool slowly to room temperature.
  • the cogged billet exhibited excellent plastic deformation and elongation, without any cracking or endbursting, with virtually no decarburization, as the metal was protected by the extruded carbon steel pipe which was approximately 1/8" in thickness.
  • the powder metal billet was then hot-rolled to a finished dimension of about 4" R.C.S. (Round Cornered Square).
  • the resultant product was 100% of theoretical density, and consistently exhibited a grain size finer than #30, as determined by the intercept method.
  • the carbide distribution was extremely fine, and difficult to differentiate between grain size and carbide size.
  • Example No. 1 and No. 2 Using the procedure described in Example No. 1 and No. 2, a typical M-2 tool steel alloy metal powder was subjected to a partial extrusion whereby just the mechanical device located in front of the extrusion shell was extruded to a pre-determined length sufficient to allow the free moving disk to move to a point sufficient to exert a pressure against the powder to result in approximate 100% density, as described in Figure 5.
  • the resultant product from the partial extrusion was subsequently cogged down to an approximately 6" diameter billet by approximately 7' long subsequently hot rolled to a 4" R.C.S. billet, with similar results obtained from the fully extruded and rolled product.
  • the wall thickness of 12" carbon steel pipe is somewhat greater than 1 ⁇ 4" but less than 1 ⁇ 2". As long as the extrusion container is made from metal having a lower resistance to deformation than the metal of the billet the wall thickness of that container is not critical.
  • inner cover 17 is formed from plates having parallel outer surfaces.
  • extrusion extruded plate 17, now carrying reference character 23 is partially extruded backwards as described, and I have found that the boundary between portions 23 and the compacted powder billet 10 is, in fact, concave toward portion 10, as is shown by the dotted line in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the extruded portions 22 and 23 of Figure 6 must be cropped, as shown in Figure 7.
  • the volume 25 of consolidated powder billet bounded by the dotted line in Figure 7 must be included in the crop, with a resulting diminution in yield.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP86305315A 1986-07-10 1986-07-10 Préparation et consolidation d'ébauches de poudre d'alliages métalliques Withdrawn EP0252193A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86305315A EP0252193A1 (fr) 1986-07-10 1986-07-10 Préparation et consolidation d'ébauches de poudre d'alliages métalliques
ZA865524A ZA865524B (fr) 1986-07-10 1986-07-24

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86305315A EP0252193A1 (fr) 1986-07-10 1986-07-10 Préparation et consolidation d'ébauches de poudre d'alliages métalliques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0252193A1 true EP0252193A1 (fr) 1988-01-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86305315A Withdrawn EP0252193A1 (fr) 1986-07-10 1986-07-10 Préparation et consolidation d'ébauches de poudre d'alliages métalliques

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP0252193A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0327064A2 (fr) * 1988-02-05 1989-08-09 Anval Nyby Powder Ab Procédé de fabrication d'objets par la métallurgie des poudres, en particulier d'objets allongés tels que barres, profils, tubes, etc.
EP0439251A1 (fr) * 1990-01-26 1991-07-31 Isuzu Motors Limited Méthode de fabrication d'un composant forgé en matÀ©riaux composites
CN104209358A (zh) * 2014-09-01 2014-12-17 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种提高钼管挤压成材率的挤压方法

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3450528A (en) * 1968-07-25 1969-06-17 Crucible Steel Corp Method for producing dispersioned hardenable steel
GB1163967A (en) * 1966-01-03 1969-09-10 Iit Res Inst Stainless Steels and Process for their Manufacture
FR2024261A1 (fr) * 1968-11-26 1970-08-28 Federal Mogul Corp
DE2259228A1 (de) * 1972-11-13 1974-05-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung eines koerpers
DE3009916A1 (de) * 1980-03-14 1981-09-24 Nyby Uddeholm AB, 64480 Torshälla Rohrfoermige verbundteile sowie verfahren und pressling zu ihrer herstellung
GB2097022A (en) * 1981-04-14 1982-10-27 Volvo Personvagnar Ab Process and apparatus for encapsulated articles
EP0097306A2 (fr) * 1982-06-18 1984-01-04 Scm Corporation Procédé de préparation d'articles métalliques renforcés par une dispersion et articles ainsi obtenus
AT375574B (de) * 1980-02-13 1984-08-27 Uk Nii Sp Stalej Behaelter zum strangpressen von metallpulver
EP0165409A1 (fr) * 1984-05-22 1985-12-27 Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag Procédé de fabrication métallurgique de produits en acier rapide

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1163967A (en) * 1966-01-03 1969-09-10 Iit Res Inst Stainless Steels and Process for their Manufacture
US3450528A (en) * 1968-07-25 1969-06-17 Crucible Steel Corp Method for producing dispersioned hardenable steel
FR2024261A1 (fr) * 1968-11-26 1970-08-28 Federal Mogul Corp
DE2259228A1 (de) * 1972-11-13 1974-05-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung eines koerpers
AT375574B (de) * 1980-02-13 1984-08-27 Uk Nii Sp Stalej Behaelter zum strangpressen von metallpulver
DE3009916A1 (de) * 1980-03-14 1981-09-24 Nyby Uddeholm AB, 64480 Torshälla Rohrfoermige verbundteile sowie verfahren und pressling zu ihrer herstellung
GB2097022A (en) * 1981-04-14 1982-10-27 Volvo Personvagnar Ab Process and apparatus for encapsulated articles
EP0097306A2 (fr) * 1982-06-18 1984-01-04 Scm Corporation Procédé de préparation d'articles métalliques renforcés par une dispersion et articles ainsi obtenus
EP0165409A1 (fr) * 1984-05-22 1985-12-27 Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag Procédé de fabrication métallurgique de produits en acier rapide

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0327064A2 (fr) * 1988-02-05 1989-08-09 Anval Nyby Powder Ab Procédé de fabrication d'objets par la métallurgie des poudres, en particulier d'objets allongés tels que barres, profils, tubes, etc.
EP0327064A3 (fr) * 1988-02-05 1989-12-20 Anval Nyby Powder Ab Procédé de fabrication d'objets par la métallurgie des poudres, en particulier d'objets allongés tels que barres, profils, tubes, etc.
EP0439251A1 (fr) * 1990-01-26 1991-07-31 Isuzu Motors Limited Méthode de fabrication d'un composant forgé en matÀ©riaux composites
US5170556A (en) * 1990-01-26 1992-12-15 Isuzu Motors Limited Production method for forged component made of composite material
CN104209358A (zh) * 2014-09-01 2014-12-17 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种提高钼管挤压成材率的挤压方法

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Inventor name: DIGIAMBATTISTA, VINCENT N.