EP0251954B1 - Method and device for stress relaxation at the end of compacting a mixture of an aggregate and a binder - Google Patents

Method and device for stress relaxation at the end of compacting a mixture of an aggregate and a binder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0251954B1
EP0251954B1 EP87420187A EP87420187A EP0251954B1 EP 0251954 B1 EP0251954 B1 EP 0251954B1 EP 87420187 A EP87420187 A EP 87420187A EP 87420187 A EP87420187 A EP 87420187A EP 0251954 B1 EP0251954 B1 EP 0251954B1
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Prior art keywords
compacting
walls
mould
block
stress
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP87420187A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0251954A1 (en
Inventor
Benoist Coste
Claude Vanvoren
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Rio Tinto France SAS
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Aluminium Pechiney SA
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Application filed by Aluminium Pechiney SA filed Critical Aluminium Pechiney SA
Priority to AT87420187T priority Critical patent/ATE53534T1/en
Publication of EP0251954A1 publication Critical patent/EP0251954A1/en
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Publication of EP0251954B1 publication Critical patent/EP0251954B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/02—Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds
    • B30B15/022—Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/027—Particular press methods or systems

Definitions

  • Figure 8 shows schematically a device for the implementation of the invention.

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for relaxing lateral stresses at the end of shaping by compacting of a block constituted by an aggregate and a binder (such as a carbon-containing paste), to which is applied a main monoaxial stress in a rigid mold having a bottom and four side walls. According to the process, at the end of compacting and along the compacting axis, there is maintained a residual stress of between 50 and 2000 kilopascals, and preferably between 100 and 500 kilopascals. At least two of the side walls of the mold are then moved apart by a few millimeters, followed by the elimination of the main stress and the extraction of the molded block. The residual stress is maintained for a period of between 1 and 20 seconds following the moving apart of the walls.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention concerne un dispositif de relaxation latérale des contraintes en fin de compactage oedométrique d'un bloc constitué d'un agrégat et d'un liant, mis en forme par vibrotassage ou pilonnage.The invention relates to a device for lateral relaxation of the stresses at the end of the oedometer compaction of a block consisting of an aggregate and a binder, shaped by vibrotassage or pounding.

Elle s'applique en particulier, mais non exclusivement, à la fabrication de blocs carbonés, constitués de coke et/ou d'anthracite (agrégat) et de brai (liant) destinés à l'électrométallurgie, par exemple les anodes et les éléments cathodiques destinés aux cuves de fabrication d'aluminium par électrolyse.It applies in particular, but not exclusively, to the manufacture of carbon blocks, consisting of coke and / or anthracite (aggregate) and pitch (binder) intended for electrometallurgy, for example anodes and cathode elements intended for aluminum fabrication tanks by electrolysis.

EXPOSE DU PROBLEMEEXPOSURE OF THE PROBLEM

Le compactage oedométrique d'un bloc ou d'une pièce de forme par vibrotassage ou pilonnage consiste à placer le matériau à mettre en forme dans un moule muni d'un couvercle, et à lui imposer un ou plusieurs cycles de contraintes. Ces contraintes sont appliquées par la chute répétée d'une masse sur le matériau (pilon ou couvercle de poids élevé).Oedometric compaction of a block or a shaped part by vibrotassage or pounding consists in placing the material to be shaped in a mold provided with a cover, and in imposing one or more stress cycles on it. These constraints are applied by the repeated fall of a mass on the material (pestle or heavy weight cover).

Pour la bonne compréhension de l'invention, on rappelle que le vibrotassage est obtenu par l'utilisation d'un lourd couvercle et l'application, sur le moule, d'une vibration à une fréquence de quelques Hertz à quelques dizaines de Hertz, qui a pour effet de soulever le couvercle qui retombe sous l'effet de son poids, sur le bloc à compacter.For a good understanding of the invention, it is recalled that the vibrotassage is obtained by the use of a heavy cover and the application, on the mold, of a vibration at a frequency of a few Hertz to a few tens of Hertz, which has the effect of lifting the cover which falls under the effect of its weight, on the block to be compacted.

Le pilonnage consiste à appliquer des chocs répétés sur le bloc au moyen d'un pilon que l'on soulève et laisse retomber périodiquement.

  • Les figures 1, 2 et 3 se rapportent à l'art antérieur.
  • Les figures 4, 5, 6, 7 et 8 se rapportent à l'invention.
Pounding consists in applying repeated shocks to the block by means of a pestle which is lifted and allowed to fall periodically.
  • Figures 1, 2 and 3 relate to the prior art.
  • Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 relate to the invention.

Toutes les figures sont des coupes schématiques et elles se rapportent au cas particulier où la contrainte principale s'exerce verticalement de haut en bas, mais elles restent valables quelle que soit la position du moule dans l'espace.All the figures are schematic sections and they relate to the particular case where the main stress is exerted vertically from top to bottom, but they remain valid regardless of the position of the mold in space.

Sur la figure 1, on voit que la contrainte principale Fa s'exerce verticalement sur le matériau (1) disposé dans le moule (2). Les parois latérales (3) du moule, qui sont fixes, exercent sur le matériau une réaction F1 proportionnelle à la contrainte principale = k x Fa.In Figure 1, we see that the main stress Fa is exerted vertically on the material (1) disposed in the mold (2). The side walls (3) of the mold, which are fixed, exert on the material a reaction F1 proportional to the main stress = k x Fa.

Dans tout ce qui suit, nous désignerons par "contrainte latérale" toute contrainte s'exerçant dans une direction perpendiculaire ou sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction de la contrainte verticale.In what follows, we will designate by "lateral constraint" any constraint exerted in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the vertical constraint.

INCONVENIENTS DE L'ART ANTERIEUR (fia. 1 à 3)DISADVANTAGES OF THE PRIOR ART ( fia. 1 to 3)

En fin de compactage (qui peut durer, par exemple, quelques minutes, on retire le couvercle (4); le matériau (1) qui a emmaganisé les contraintes latérales va les relâcher. Les parois latérales du moule (3) étant fixes, les contraintes ne peuvent se relâcher que dans le sens le l'axe de compactage et peuvent provoquer la formation de fissures (6) perpendiculaires à l'axe de compactage.At the end of compaction (which can last, for example, a few minutes, the cover (4) is removed; the material (1) which has stored the lateral stresses will release them. The lateral walls of the mold (3) being fixed, the stresses can only relax in the direction of the compaction axis and can cause cracks (6) to form perpendicular to the compaction axis.

Pour pallier à cet inconvénient, le brevet US-A 342 772 décrit une méthode de relaxation des contraintes latérales en fin de mise en forme par compactage de matériaux pulvérulents pour l'obtention d'une pièce cylindrique pleine ou annulaire, selon laquelle on maintient suivant l'axe de compactage vertical une contrainte résiduelle puis on dégage les parois latérales du moule qui sont mobiles verticalement ou latéralement selon les variantes de dispositif proposées.To overcome this drawback, US-A 342 772 describes a method for relieving lateral stresses at the end of shaping by compacting pulverulent materials to obtain a solid or annular cylindrical part, according to which the following is maintained the vertical compaction axis a residual stress and then the side walls of the mold are released which are vertically or laterally movable according to the device variants proposed.

Aucun de ces dispositifs n'est toutefois utilisable au compactage suivi de relaxation des pièces qui ne sont pas de révolution tels que les anodes pour la production d'aluminium par électrolyse obtenues par moulage à chaud d'une pâte carbonée et c'est l'objet de la présente invention que de fournir un dispositif adapté à ce problème.None of these devices can however be used for compaction followed by relaxation of parts which are not of revolution such as the anodes for the production of aluminum by electrolysis obtained by hot molding of a carbonaceous paste and it is the object of the present invention to provide a device adapted to this problem.

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

L'invention est un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de relaxation des contraintes latérales, en fin de mise en forme par compactage d'un bloc constitué d'un agrégat et d'un liant, sur lequel on applique une contrainte principale monoaxiale dans un moule rigide comportant un fond et des parois latérales, ce compactage étant effectué par un moyen choisi parmi le vibrotassage et le pilonnage, en fin de compactage, maintien selon l'axe de compactage d'une contrainte résiduelle, dégagement d'au moins deux des parois latérales du moule, puis suppression de la contrainte principale et extracteur du bloc moulé, dispositif caractérisé en ce que 2 au moins de ces parois latérales sont munies d'un moyen de déplacement en translation par rapport au bloc moulé et que ledit moyen de déplacement comporte d'une part au moins un organe de guidage fixé à une de ses extrémités sur la face externe de la paroi mobile et muni, à son extrémité opposée d'une tête et d'autre part un montant rigide fixe et une cale amovible maintenue entre la paroi mobile et le montant par un moyen élastique en compression disposé entre le montant (8) et la tête.The invention is a device for implementing a method for relieving lateral stresses, at the end of shaping by compacting a block consisting of an aggregate and a binder, to which a stress is applied main monoaxial in a rigid mold having a bottom and side walls, this compaction being carried out by a means chosen from vibrotrassing and pounding, at the end of compaction, maintenance along the compaction axis of a residual stress, release of at least two of the side walls of the mold, then removal of the main stress and extractor of the molded block, device characterized in that at least 2 of these side walls are provided with a means of displacement in translation relative to the molded block and that said displacement means comprises on the one hand at least one guide member fixed at one of its ends on the external face of the movable wall and provided, at its opposite end with a head and on the other hand a fixed rigid upright and a removable shim held between the movable wall and the upright by an elastic compression means disposed between the upright (8) and the head.

Selon l'invention, 2 parois latérales opposées ou adjacentes peuvent être rendues mobiles mais également les 4 parois du moule munies chacune du moyen de déplacement en translation par rapport au bloc moulé.According to the invention, 2 opposite or adjacent side walls can be made mobile, but also the 4 mold walls each provided with means of displacement in translation relative to the molded block.

Les figures 4 à 8 schématisent la mise en oeuvre de l'invention dans le cas particulier où la contrainte principale est verticale.Figures 4 to 8 show schematically the implementation of the invention in the particular case where the main stress is vertical.

La figure 4 schématise le compactage sous l'action de la force Fa exercée par le couvercle (4) ou le ou les piston(s) (4) (4A).Figure 4 shows schematically the compaction under the action of the force Fa exerted by the cover (4) or the piston (s) (4) (4A).

Sur les figures schématiques 4, 5 et 6, le repère (4) désigne le couvercle d'un dispositif de vibrotassage ou un pilon: le repère (4A) désigne le fond fixe du moule.In schematic figures 4, 5 and 6, the mark (4) designates the cover of a vibrotassage device or a pestle: the mark (4A) designates the fixed bottom of the mold.

Les parois du moule (7) et (8) soumises à une poussée latérale exercent une réaction F1.The walls of the mold (7) and (8) subjected to lateral thrust exert an F1 reaction.

En fin de compactage, les parois mobiles (7 et/ou 8) sont éloignées de quelques millimètres des parois correspondantes du bloc moulé, le couvercle (4) étant contrairement à la pratique de fart antérieur, maintenus en place sur le bloc (1) (fig. 5), ce qui permet la relaxation latérale des contraintes. Le bloc est soumis de la part du couvercle ou du ou des pistons à une contrainte résiduelle de 50 à 2000 kPa (kilopascals) et de préférence comprise entre 100 à 500 kPa.At the end of compaction, the movable walls (7 and / or 8) are spaced a few millimeters from the corresponding walls of the molded block, the cover (4) being unlike the practice of the prior art, held in place on the block (1) (fig. 5), which allows lateral stress relaxation. The block is subjected on the part of the cover or of the piston or pistons to a residual stress of 50 to 2000 kPa (kilopascals) and preferably between 100 to 500 kPa.

Après quelques secondes (1 à 20 par exemple) on relève le couvercle (4) (fig. 6).After a few seconds (1 to 20 for example) the cover (4) is raised (fig. 6).

Le bloc moulé est dégagé après ouverture des parois (7) et/ou (8) et enlèvement du couvercle.The molded block is released after opening the walls (7) and / or (8) and removing the cover.

La figure 8 schématise un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention.Figure 8 shows schematically a device for the implementation of the invention.

La paroi (7) est immobilisée, pendant le compactage, au moyen de la cale (9) qui prend elle-même appui sur un montant rigide, fixe (8). Sur la paroi (7) sont fixées deux tiges guides (10) terminées par une tête (11). Entre la tête (11) et la paroi externe du montant fixe, on a placé un ressort (12) travaillant en compression.The wall (7) is immobilized, during compaction, by means of the wedge (9) which itself bears on a rigid, fixed upright (8). On the wall (7) are fixed two guide rods (10) terminated by a head (11). Between the head (11) and the external wall of the fixed upright, a spring (12) working in compression has been placed.

En fin de compactage, on relève la cale (9) au moyen du vérin (13). Sous l'action des ressorts (12), la tête (11) est repoussée vers l'extérieur, et elle tire sur la paroi (7) qui recule de quelques millimètres, laissant ainsi, entre elle et le bloc carboné pressé (1), un espace de quelques millimètres suffisant pour assurer la relaxation des contraintes.At the end of compaction, the wedge (9) is raised by means of the jack (13). Under the action of the springs (12), the head (11) is pushed outwards, and it pulls on the wall (7) which moves back a few millimeters, thus leaving, between it and the pressed carbon block (1) , a space of a few millimeters sufficient to ensure relaxation of the stresses.

Ce dispositif n'est qu'un exemple particulier, non limitatif de l'invention, pour assurer le dégagement latéral de la paroi (7) et la maintenir fermement immobilisée pendant le compactage.This device is only a particular, non-limiting example of the invention, for ensuring the lateral clearance of the wall (7) and keeping it firmly immobilized during compaction.

EXEMPLE DE MISE EN OEUVRE DE L'INVENTIONEXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Une vibrotasseuse a été équipée, selon l'invention, de deux parois latérales mobiles susceptibles de s'écarter des parois du bloc d'environ 5 mm, selon le dispositif de la figure 8. De même, les deux portes (8) qui se relèvent pour permettre l'évacuation de l'anode, sont animées d'un même mouvement de recul de 5 mm avant d'être relevées. La relaxation des contraintes se fait donc dans les deux directions du plan horizontal (la contrainte principale ayant été verticale).According to the invention, a vibratory compactor was equipped with two movable side walls capable of deviating from the walls of the block by approximately 5 mm, according to the device in FIG. 8. Similarly, the two doors (8) which are are raised to allow the evacuation of the anode, are animated by the same 5 mm recoil movement before being raised. The relaxation of the stresses therefore takes place in the two directions of the horizontal plane (the main stress having been vertical).

Le tableau ci-dessous regroupe les résultats comparatifs obtenus :

Figure imgb0001
The table below groups together the comparative results obtained:
Figure imgb0001

On en conclut que la relaxation latérale des contraintes selon l'invention a permis d'effectuer le compactage des blocs à 145°C au lieu de 140°C en l'absence de relaxation latérale sans qu'il y ait formation de fissures. Il en est résulté un gain moyen de 0,011 point sur la densité des blocs carbonés, ce qui se traduit par une amélioration sensible de la qualité des anodes et une suppression des rebuts pour cause de fissuration.It is concluded that the lateral relaxation of the stresses according to the invention made it possible to compact the blocks at 145 ° C. instead of 140 ° C. in the absence of lateral relaxation without any formation of cracks. This resulted in an average gain of 0.011 point on the density of the carbonaceous blocks, which results in a significant improvement in the quality of the anodes and a elimination of rejects due to cracking.

AVANTAGES PROCURES PAR L'INVENTIONBENEFITS PROVIDED BY THE INVENTION

La relaxation latérale des contraintes emmagasinées dans les blocs moulés alors qu'ils sont encore soumis à une contrainte résiduelle dans l'axe du compactage (contrainte résiduelle inférieure à 2000 kPa),permet d'élever la température à laquelle apparaissent les fissures. Il est donc possible, dans le cas du moulage de blocs carbonés, de malaxer et de compacter le mélange coke + brai à température plus élevée (d'au moins 5°C), et d'améliorer ainsi les caractéristiques des blocs.The lateral relaxation of the stresses stored in the molded blocks while they are still subjected to a residual stress in the compaction axis (residual stress less than 2000 kPa), makes it possible to raise the temperature at which the cracks appear. It is therefore possible, in the case of molding of carbonaceous blocks, to knead and compact the coke + pitch mixture at higher temperature (at least 5 ° C.), and thus to improve the characteristics of the blocks.

Les anodes destinées à la production d'aluminium par électrolyse, selon le procédé Hall-Héroult, sont un des domaines privilégiés mais non exclusifs, de mise en oeuvre de l'invention.Anodes intended for the production of aluminum by electrolysis, according to the Hall-Héroult process, are one of the privileged but not exclusive fields of implementation of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. Apparatus for performing a process for relaxing lateral stresses (F1) at the end of shaping by compacting a block constituted by an aggregate and a binder to which is applied a main monoaxial stress (Fa) in a rigid mould having a bottom (4) and side walls (7, 8), said compacting being carried out by a means chosen from among vibratory tamping and ramming with, at the end of compacting, maintaining a residual stress along the compacting axis, release of at least two of the side walls of the mould, then eliminating the main stress and extracting the moulded block, characterized in that at least two of these side walls are provided with a translation displacement means with respect to the moulded block and that said displacement means has on the one hand at least one guide member (10) fixed at one of its ends to the outer face of the mobile wall (7) and provided at its opposite end with a head (11) and on the other hand a fixed rigid post (8) and a detachable wedge (9) maintained between the mobile walls (7) and the post (8) by an elastic compression means (12) located between post (8) and head (11).
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge (9) is connected to a jack (13) permitting its raising at the end of compacting.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mould has two opposite walls (7) provided with a translation displacement means with respect to the moulded block.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mould has two adjacent walls (7, 8) provided with a translation displacement means with respect to the moulded block.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the four walls of the mould are provided with a translation displacement means with respect to the moulded block.
6. Apparatus according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, intended for the compacting of blocks, constituted by a mixture of carbon aggregate, such as coke or anthracite and a binder such as tar.
EP87420187A 1986-07-04 1987-07-01 Method and device for stress relaxation at the end of compacting a mixture of an aggregate and a binder Expired - Lifetime EP0251954B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87420187T ATE53534T1 (en) 1986-07-04 1987-07-01 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RELAXING AN AGGREGATE AND BINDER MIXTURE AT THE END OF A DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8610128A FR2600939B1 (en) 1986-07-04 1986-07-04 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RELAXING CONSTRAINTS AT THE END OF OEDOMETRIC COMPACTION OF A MIXTURE OF AGGREGATE AND BINDER
FR8610128 1986-07-04

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EP0251954A1 EP0251954A1 (en) 1988-01-07
EP0251954B1 true EP0251954B1 (en) 1990-06-13

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EP87420187A Expired - Lifetime EP0251954B1 (en) 1986-07-04 1987-07-01 Method and device for stress relaxation at the end of compacting a mixture of an aggregate and a binder

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US (1) US4826419A (en)
EP (1) EP0251954B1 (en)
KR (1) KR880001419A (en)
CN (1) CN1010844B (en)
AT (1) ATE53534T1 (en)
AU (1) AU593662B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8703382A (en)
CA (1) CA1312190C (en)
DE (1) DE3763161D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2015596B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2600939B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3000577T3 (en)
IS (1) IS1395B6 (en)
NO (1) NO170139C (en)
NZ (1) NZ220915A (en)
OA (1) OA08628A (en)
ZA (1) ZA874845B (en)

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FR2604430B1 (en) * 1986-09-30 1990-01-05 Pechiney Aluminium METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FORMING CARBON BLOCKS BY MULTIAXIAL COMPACTION
US5007337A (en) * 1989-10-03 1991-04-16 Mosley Machinery Co., Inc. Oversize bale release mechanism for waste material baler
JP3620250B2 (en) * 1997-11-20 2005-02-16 株式会社村田製作所 Ceramic laminate pressing apparatus and pressing method
WO2004066742A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-08-12 Sfk Systems A/S A method and an apparatus for thawing frozen meat
CN103231540B (en) * 2013-04-27 2016-08-10 江阴市瑞丰液压机械有限公司 The Free up Memory structure of cuber
CN106739099B (en) * 2017-01-11 2018-04-13 洛阳理工学院 A kind of forming roller for biomass two pairs of rollers extrusion forming

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US4666389A (en) * 1985-01-25 1987-05-19 The Texas A&M University System Apparatus for forming compacts from solid particles

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IS3237A7 (en) 1988-01-05
CA1312190C (en) 1993-01-05
FR2600939B1 (en) 1992-01-31
DE3763161D1 (en) 1990-07-19
NO872782L (en) 1988-01-05
CN87104583A (en) 1988-01-20
NO170139C (en) 1992-09-16
AU593662B2 (en) 1990-02-15
NO872782D0 (en) 1987-07-02
AU7508287A (en) 1988-01-07
NZ220915A (en) 1989-12-21
FR2600939A1 (en) 1988-01-08
ATE53534T1 (en) 1990-06-15
IS1395B6 (en) 1989-10-31
BR8703382A (en) 1988-03-15
EP0251954A1 (en) 1988-01-07
OA08628A (en) 1988-11-30
ZA874845B (en) 1988-03-30
GR3000577T3 (en) 1991-07-31
CN1010844B (en) 1990-12-19
ES2015596B3 (en) 1990-09-01
NO170139B (en) 1992-06-09
US4826419A (en) 1989-05-02
KR880001419A (en) 1988-04-23

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