EP0251780B1 - Application d'images par transfert à chaud au moyen d'un tampon de transfert - Google Patents

Application d'images par transfert à chaud au moyen d'un tampon de transfert Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0251780B1
EP0251780B1 EP19870305827 EP87305827A EP0251780B1 EP 0251780 B1 EP0251780 B1 EP 0251780B1 EP 19870305827 EP19870305827 EP 19870305827 EP 87305827 A EP87305827 A EP 87305827A EP 0251780 B1 EP0251780 B1 EP 0251780B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pad
transfer
platen
heating
article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19870305827
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0251780A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Allan Pass
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cambio Ragione Sociale reece Management Services L
Original Assignee
Service Engineers Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Service Engineers Ltd filed Critical Service Engineers Ltd
Publication of EP0251780A1 publication Critical patent/EP0251780A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0251780B1 publication Critical patent/EP0251780B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
    • B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
    • B44C1/17—Dry transfer
    • B44C1/1712—Decalcomanias applied under heat and pressure, e.g. provided with a heat activable adhesive
    • B44C1/172—Decalcomanias provided with a layer being specially adapted to facilitate their release from a temporary carrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65C—LABELLING OR TAGGING MACHINES, APPARATUS, OR PROCESSES
    • B65C9/00—Details of labelling machines or apparatus
    • B65C9/20—Gluing the labels or articles
    • B65C9/24—Gluing the labels or articles by heat
    • B65C9/25—Gluing the labels or articles by heat by thermo-activating the glue
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65C—LABELLING OR TAGGING MACHINES, APPARATUS, OR PROCESSES
    • B65C9/00—Details of labelling machines or apparatus
    • B65C9/26—Devices for applying labels
    • B65C9/36—Wipers; Pressers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the decoration or other marking of articles by applying design layers from heat-release transfers to surfaces of the articles by means of a deformable transfer pad.
  • Such transfers comprise a thin film-like design layer which is separable from a backing sheet which supports it prior to use.
  • the design layer is secured to the backing sheet, in manufacture of the transfer, by some form of adhesive material which can be activated in use to permit separation.
  • an adhesive layer may be provided covering the design layer.
  • the design layer may be adhered to an article by activated adhesive provided on one side or the other of the design layer.
  • a deformable pad for carrying the design layer from the backing sheet and apply it to the article.
  • a pad can suitably be of a silicone rubber material and be shaped to present a domed working surface, similar to pads well known in applying decorative colour to articles in off-set printing of ceramic tableware.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4 511 425 This is concerned with labelling containers.
  • the adhesive layers of the transfers are activated by heat from a hot platen on which the transfers are presented to the transfer pad.
  • the transfer pad is heated in addition to the platen (though to a lower temperature than the platen) in order to maintain the activated adhesive tacky during carriage of the design layer from its backing sheet to a container to be labelled.
  • Various ways of heating the pad internally are described, and it is also suggested that the pad might be heated by radiant heaters.
  • the pad might be heated by pressing it periodically against the hot label-heating platen, though the rider is added that "the use of an additional (internal) heating element is generally preferred since it affords a greater degree of temperature control and is a more reliable method of maintaining the pad at the required temperature levels".
  • the invention provides a method of applying a design layer from a heat-release transfer to a surface of an article utilising a deformable transfer pad, the method comprising heating the surface of the transfer pad by bringing together the pad and a pad-heating surface at a suitable elevated temperature and separating the pad and the surface after a suitable heating period, pressing together the heated pad and a heat-release transfer presented on a platen with at least the adhesive between the design layer and the backing sheet of the transfer not yet activated and maintaining the pad pressed against the transfer for sufficient time for heat from the pad to activate the adhesive of the transfer, separating the pad and the platen with the design layer of the transfer attached to the surface of the pad and with the backing sheet remaining on the platen, pressing together the pad and an article to be decorated to apply the design layer to the surface of the article, and separating the pad and the article leaving the design layer adhered to the article.
  • the invention provides apparatus suitable for use in applying a design layer from a heat-release transfer to a surface of an article in performance of a method as set out in the last preceding paragraph, the apparatus comprising a deformable transfer pad, pad-heating means presenting a pad-heating surface, heating means arranged to heat the pad-heating means to maintain the pad-heating surface at an elevated temperature, a transfer-presenting platen, an article support, and mounting means supporting the pad, the pad-heating means, the platen and the article support and enabling relative movements of approach and separation to be effected:
  • the pad-heating surface can be a flat surface of a heated plate against which the pad is pressed to spread a working area of the surface of the pad over the plate.
  • the plate can conveniently be maintained at a substantially constant temperature by means of thermostatically-controlled electrical heating elements heating the plate conductively.
  • the temperature of the transfer-presenting platen may be above ambient temperature in continuing performance of the method; each time the hot pad engages a transfer on the platen some heat will be transferred into the platen.
  • a rise in temperature of the platen need not be detrimental to the process, provided it is not such that a significant heating effect on the transfers occurs; what matters principally is that in performance of the method the transfers do not become heated by the platen sufficiently for their adhesive to be activated, and the transfers so to lose their structural coherence, prior to being engaged by the pad.
  • Apparatus suitable for use in decorating articles of ceramic ware using heat-release transfers in a repetitive production process comprises (Figure 1) a horizontally-reciptocable transfer-presenting platen 10, a horizontally-reciprocable pad-heating platen 12, a vertically-reciprocable transfer-placing head 14, a cassette 16 for a stack of transfers T to be taken up one at a time by the placing head 14, a vertically-reciprocable transfer pad 18, and a ware- presenting turntable 20 comprising a plurality of circumferentially-spaced ware supports 22.
  • the apparatus comprises also a vertically-reciprocable brush 24 which in a lowered position is arranged to sweep the surface of the presenting platen 10, as the latter moves therebeneath, and a collecting bin 26 to collect waste backing sheets B ( Figures 2(f) to 2(i)) swept from the platen 10 by the brush 24.
  • the mounting means comprises also a vertical shaft 21 supporting the turntable 20 for rotational indexing movements of the turntable to present the ware supports 22 in turn beneath the transfer pad 18.
  • the presenting platen 10 and the heating platen 12 are mounted in common on a horizontal slideway 11 of the mounting means, and the apparatus comprises operating means (not shown but of a conventional kind) for effecting required independent movements of them along the slideway.
  • the apparatus comprises operating means of a conventional kind for effecting vertical reciprocation of the placing head 14 and of the transfer pad 18, and indexing of the turntable 20. Actuation of the various operating means in timed sequence, in a continuously repeated operating cycle, is controlled automatically by the apparatus in a conventional manner.
  • the presenting platen 10 comprises a smooth and flat horizontal top surface.
  • the pad 18 is maintained hot and the metal presenting platen 10 becomes incidentally warmed from repeated brief engagements by the pad.
  • electric heating elements (not shown) are built into the platen so that the platen can be warmed initially. Once operation of the apparatus is under way, the heating elements are switched off.
  • a flat pad-heating surface presented by the heating platen 12 is, on the other hand, maintained hot throughout use by conductive heating from thermostatically-controlled electrical heating elements 13 within the platen.
  • the transfer-placing head 14 comprises a plurality of suckers whereby the surface of a transfer T can be gripped for lifting by the head from the cassette 16. Vacuum applied to the suckers for that operation can be released to allow the transfer to be put down on to the top surface of the presenting platen 10.
  • the presenting platen 10 is arranged with airways leading to perforations in its top surface, allowing vacuum to be applied by the apparatus to hold the transfer backing sheet down to the surface of the platen when required during operation.
  • the transfer pad 18 is of a suitably resiliently deformable silicone rubber material, and is shaped to present (facing downwardly) a domed working area of its surface.
  • the precise pad shape is selected to suit the surface contours of the ware to be decorated.
  • the placing head 14 is seen to be gripping a transfer T in a raised position in registry above the presenting platen 10.
  • An article of ware W is mounted on one of the ware supports 22 in registry beneath the transfer pad 18.
  • the pad 18 is in a raised position.
  • the brush 24 is also in a raised position, so as to be well clear of the top surface of the presenting platen 10.
  • Figure 2(b) shows the placing head 14 lowered to position the transfer T (with its design layer D uppermost) on the presenting platen 10.
  • the transfer pad 18 is shown lowered and pressed against the heating platen 12; the pad and the heating platen are pressed together sufficiently for the whole working area of the pad to be spread over the surface of the platen.
  • the pad 18 is maintained pressed against the heating platen for a suitable length of time. That heating period depends upon many different factors, and will usually have to be determined by experiment in each case. However, in one example of the process the platen surface is maintained at a temperature of about 180°C and the pad heating period is approximately two seconds in order to restore the pad surface temperature from around 105°C to around 125 ° C, the required decal-activating temperature in that case being 115 ° C.
  • the presenting platen is next moved horizontally to bring the transfer T on its top surface into registry beneath the transfer pad 18 ( Figure 2(d)).
  • the heating platen 12 is displaced to one side.
  • the transfer pad 18 is now brought down and the heated working area of its surface spread over and pressed against the so-far unactivated transfer. This is illustrated in Figure 2(e).
  • the pad surface is at a temperature of around 115 ° C. Heated by the pad to such a temperature, adhesive layers of the transfer between the design layer and the pad and between the design layer and the backing sheet become activated; the previously substantially solid adhesive layers become softened and attain tacky fluid conditions.
  • the adhesive materials are such that the design layer D adheres more strongly to the transfer pad than to the backing sheet B, so that upon the pad being raised (Figure 2(f)) the design layer D is taken up by the pad from the backing sheet.
  • Such behaviour of the transfer is, of course, in itself known in the art.
  • the placing head 14 is operated to take up a next transfer T from the cassette 16 whilst the transfer pad is being operated to take up the design layer from the transfer on the presenting platen 10.
  • the brush 24 is lowered and the presenting platen 10 moved away from under the pad 18, back into position beneath the reloaded placing head 14 to receive the next transfer T.
  • the brush sweeps the waste backing sheet B from its surface into the collecting bin 26; suction holding the sheet to the platen surface is temporarily released to enable it to be swept off.
  • the brush is next raised clear of the presenting platen surface ( Figure 2(h)) and the transfer pad 18 bearing the design layer D on its surface is brought down to press together the pad and the article of ware W, in registry therebeneath, to apply the design layer D to the surface of the article.
  • the design layer adheres preferentially to the article rather than to the pad so that when the pad is next raised ( Figure 2(i)) it leaves the design layer on the article.
  • the heating platen 12 is then moved into position beneath the pad for a next cycle of operation to begin.
  • the pad is reliably heated by the heating platen 12 to ensure uniform heating of the pad surface and presentation at a suitable temperature for activation of the transfer adhesives.

Landscapes

  • Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
  • Labeling Devices (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Procédé pour appliquer une couche portant un dessin, depuis une décalcomanie (T) pouvant être apposée par application d'une chaleur, sur une surface d'un article (W) devant être décoré, et selon lequel on utilise un tampon de transfert déformable (18) pour retirer la couche portant le dessin de la feuille de support de la décalcomanie activée à chaud et pour appliquer la couche portant le dessin sur l'article, ce procédé consistant à presser l'un contre l'autre le tampon et une plaque (10) sur laquelle la décalcomanie est présentée, séparer le tampon et la plaque, la couche portant le dessin de la décalcomanie étant fixée à la surface du tampon et la feuille de support restant sur la plaque, presser l'un contre l'autre le tampon et l'article devant être décoré de manière à appliquer la couche portant le dessin sur la surface de l'article, et séparer le tampon et l'article en laissant la couche portant le dessin fixée par adhérence sur l'article, caractérisé en ce que la chaleur nécessaire pour activer la décalcomanie est prélevée du tampon, le procédé incluant un chauffage de la surface du tampon de transfert obtenu en amenant conjointement le tampon et la surface (12) de chauffage du tampon à une température élevée appropriée, et la séparation du tampon et de cette surface au bout d'une durée de chauffage appropriée, l'application réciproque sous pression du tampon et de la décalcomanie située sur la plaque, alors qu'au moins l'adhésif situé entre la couche portant le dessin et la feuille de support de la décalcomanie n'est pas encore activé, et le maintien du tampon appliqué sous pression contre la décalcomanie pendant un intervalle de temps suffisant pour que la chaleur délivrée par le tampon active l'adhésif de la décalcomanie avant la séparation de la décalcomanie et de la plaque, la couche portant le dessin étant fixée au tampon.
2. Dispositif destiné à être utilisé pour appliquer une couche portant un dessin depuis une décalcomanie (T) pouvant être apposée par application d'une chaleur, sur une surface d'un article (W) lors de la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé suivant la revendication 1, ce dispositif comprenant un tampon de transfert déformable (18), une plaque (10) de présentation d'une décalcomanie, un support (22) pour l'article et des moyens de fixation (19, 11, 21) supportant le tampon, la plaque et le support prévu pour l'article, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte également des moyens (12) de chauffage du tampon, qui possèdent une surface de chauffage du tampon et des moyens de chauffage (13) disposés de manière à chauffer les moyens de chauffage du tampon afin de maintenir la surface de chauffage du tampon à une température élevée, les moyens de fixation (11) supportant également les moyens (12) de chauffage du tampon et permettant l'exécution de déplacement relatif d'approche et de séparation:
(i) entre le tampon (18) et la surface (12) de chauffage du tampon, et permettant de repousser l'un contre l'autre le tampon et la surface;
(ii) entre le tampon (18) et la plaque (10) de présentation de la décalcomanie, et permettant de repousser l'un contre l'autre le tampon et une décalcomanie (T) située sur la plaque; et
(iii) entre le tampon (18) de support (22) pour l'article, et permettant de repousser l'un contre l'autre le tampon et un article (W) placé sur le support.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la platine (10) de présentation de la décalcomanie est plane et que les moyens (12) de chauffage du tampon possèdent une surface plane de chauffage du tampon.
4. Dispositif selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que le tampon de transfert (18) est supporté par les moyens de fixation (19) de manière à avoir des déplacements verticaux de rapprochement et d'écartement par rapport aux moyens (12) de chauffage du tampon, à la plaque
(10) et au support (22) de l'article, et les moyens (12) de chauffage du tampon et la plaque (10) de présentation de la décalcomanie sont supportés de manière à avoir des déplacements horizontaux, qui les positionnent tour à tour au-dessous du tampon de manière que ce dernier s'applique sur ces éléments.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la plaque (10) de présentation de la décalcomanie est supporté de manière à pouvoir se déplacer entre une position située au-dessous des moyens (14) de mise en place d'une décalcomanie, que comporte le dispositif, ce qui a pour effet qu'une décalcomanie (T) peut être placée sur la plaque et dans une position située au-dessous du tampon (18) et dans laquelle ce dernier peut descendre pour être appliqué sous pression contre la décalcomanie située sur la plaque.
EP19870305827 1986-07-02 1987-07-01 Application d'images par transfert à chaud au moyen d'un tampon de transfert Expired EP0251780B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868616177A GB8616177D0 (en) 1986-07-02 1986-07-02 Applying designs from heat-release transfers
GB8616177 1986-07-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0251780A1 EP0251780A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
EP0251780B1 true EP0251780B1 (fr) 1990-08-16

Family

ID=10600475

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870305827 Expired EP0251780B1 (fr) 1986-07-02 1987-07-01 Application d'images par transfert à chaud au moyen d'un tampon de transfert

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0251780B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6334141A (fr)
DE (1) DE3764328D1 (fr)
GB (2) GB8616177D0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2923126B2 (ja) * 1991-10-28 1999-07-26 コーニング インコーポレイテッド オフセット熱剥離デカルコマニア転写装置および方法
FR2705277B1 (fr) * 1993-05-14 1995-08-18 Elmetherm Installation de décoration de pièces, notamment en céramique ou verre, à l'aide de chromos ou de motifs à l'encre et procédé de fonctionnement.
US6776100B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2004-08-17 Thomas V. Cutcher Method and apparatus for transferring an image to a substrate
WO2003079734A1 (fr) * 2002-03-20 2003-09-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Dispositif de film mince organique et son procede de production
ES2529053T3 (es) * 2008-03-20 2015-02-16 Centro Grafico Dg S.P.A. Procedimiento de fabricación de tésera
US10549521B2 (en) * 2016-05-02 2020-02-04 Benjamin S. Adner Thermally controlled pad print ink transfer arrangement

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4392905A (en) * 1981-07-30 1983-07-12 Dennison Manufacturing Company Method of transferring designs onto articles
US4511425A (en) * 1983-06-13 1985-04-16 Dennison Manufacturing Company Heated pad decorator
GB8500416D0 (en) * 1985-01-08 1985-02-13 Royal Doulton Uk Ltd Decoration of articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2193158B (en) 1990-09-19
GB8616177D0 (en) 1986-08-06
EP0251780A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
JPS6334141A (ja) 1988-02-13
DE3764328D1 (de) 1990-09-20
GB8715441D0 (en) 1987-08-05
GB2193158A (en) 1988-02-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5300170A (en) Decal transfer process
EP0495111B1 (fr) Dispositif et procede d'impression par transfert
US4053344A (en) Process of printing on non-paper material
US4012552A (en) Decorative metal film heat transfer decalcomania
US3886020A (en) Method of applying decals to surfaces of complex curvature
EP0251780B1 (fr) Application d'images par transfert à chaud au moyen d'un tampon de transfert
DE3667677D1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von textilen thermoklebrigen materialien.
CN1970307B (zh) 金属箔转印机
US5856267A (en) Transfer printing metal substrates
WO2008026926A1 (fr) Procédé de décoration du fromage
US4012277A (en) Apparatus for applying thermoactivatable adhesive coated labels
US20070084547A1 (en) Roll-to-roll heat transfer machine
GB2210828B (en) Transfers and methods of decorating using same
JPH0688449B2 (ja) ガラス製被転写体の連続加飾加工印刷方法
WO2010086578A1 (fr) Procédé d'application d'articles sur un substrat
JP2002523270A (ja) 縁部装飾製品及び押箔を用いたその製造方法
EP0244174A1 (fr) Matériau pour transfert à chaud indirect
JPH0261916B2 (fr)
JPH0691758A (ja) 樹脂装飾品のホットスタンプ方法
JPH0592546A (ja) 転写装置
GB2076338A (en) Decoration of ceramic or other ware
JPH04339652A (ja) 転写装置及び転写方法
EP0200285A1 (fr) Décoration d'articles au moyen de feuilles de transfert
GB2081645A (en) Apparatus for applying decalcomania
JPS61189987A (ja) ホツトスタンプ式印刷方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19880608

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19891004

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR IT LI SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3764328

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19900920

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PUE

Owner name: SERVICE (ENGINEERS) PLC

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PFA

Free format text: REECE MANGEMENT SERVICES LIMITED

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

ITPR It: changes in ownership of a european patent

Owner name: CAMBIO RAGIONE SOCIALE;REECE MANAGEMENT SERVICES L

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 87305827.5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19990616

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20000614

Year of fee payment: 14

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000702

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 87305827.5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20010627

Year of fee payment: 15

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010731

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010731

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20010924

Year of fee payment: 15

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030331

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050701