EP0250858B1 - Microwave filter with multiple coupled cavity resonators - Google Patents
Microwave filter with multiple coupled cavity resonators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0250858B1 EP0250858B1 EP87107534A EP87107534A EP0250858B1 EP 0250858 B1 EP0250858 B1 EP 0250858B1 EP 87107534 A EP87107534 A EP 87107534A EP 87107534 A EP87107534 A EP 87107534A EP 0250858 B1 EP0250858 B1 EP 0250858B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cavity
- cavity resonators
- cavity resonator
- resonators
- coupling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
- H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microwave filter which has a plurality of cavity resonators which are coupled to one another via coupling openings in their side walls running parallel to the direction of wave propagation, all of the cavity resonators forming the filter being arranged in the manner of a densest cylinder packing, so that each individual cavity resonator is as large as possible existing cavity resonators is in contact, and all in the energy flow direction between a signal input cavity resonator and a signal output cavity resonator successive cavity resonators are coupled to one another via coupling openings in the side walls.
- Such a microwave filter is known from FR-A-2 285 729. All the couplings existing between the individual adjacent cavity resonators are positive, so that the possibility of realizing certain filter characteristics is severely limited.
- both positive and negative couplings between individual cavity resonators are provided in a microwave filter resulting from DE-OS 26 43 094 or IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Volume MTT-24, No. 10, October 1976, pages 640-648.
- the positive couplings are realized through coupling openings in the side walls of adjacent cavity resonators, and negative couplings take place via coupling slots in the end walls. If a filter with positive and negative couplings is to be realized, a very complicated and voluminous structure of cavity resonators is required.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a microwave filter of the type mentioned at the outset, which consists of a simple, space-saving cavity construction which permits as large as possible a large number of identical and different types of couplings between the individual cavity resonators.
- the cavity resonator constellation according to the invention leads to a space-saving, compact microwave filter.
- FIG. 1 shows a microwave filter which consists of six cylindrical cavity resonators H1 ... H6 with round cross sections.
- the cavity resonators are arranged in the manner of the densest cylinder packing, each cavity resonating with its side wall adjoining the side walls of several other cavity resonators.
- This constellation of the cavity resonators H1 ... H6 results in the greatest possible number of mutual side wall contacts.
- Coupling openings e.g. holes, slots
- FIG. 1 shows a slightly modified constellation of the cavity resonators H1 ... H6 compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
- the arrangement of the cavity resonators in the manner of the densest cylinder packing allows a large number of variations in the composition of the cavity resonators to be coupled together.
- a microwave filter which is constructed in accordance with the type described, can be expanded with little effort to include additional cavity resonators to form a more complex filter structure.
- the above-mentioned secondary couplings between adjacent cavity resonators, but not successive in the energy flow direction, can be implemented either as positive or as negative couplings.
- 3 is intended to illustrate how two adjacent cavity resonators can be coupled either positively or negatively.
- the TE 011 wave mode exists in one of the two adjacent cavity resonators, of which FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section parallel to the wave propagation direction z
- the TE 012 wave mode exists in the other cavity resonator.
- a coupling opening K1 arranged there enables a positive coupling between the cavity resonators.
- the magnetic field lines of the TE 011 and TE 012 wave modes run in opposite directions.
- a coupling opening K2 there in the side wall enables negative coupling.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Mikrowellenfilter, das mehrere Hohlraumresonatoren besitzt, die über Koppelöffnungen in ihren parallel zur Wellenausbreitungsrichtung verlaufenden Seitenwandungen miteinander gekoppelt sind, wobei alle das Filter bildenden Hohlraumresonatoren nach Art einer dichtesten Zylinderpackung angeordnet sind, so daß jeder einzelne Hohlraumresonator mit einer größtmöglichen Zahl der vorhandenen Hohlraumresonatoren in Berührung steht, und alle in Energieflußrichtung zwischen einem Signaleingangs-Hohlraumresonator und einem Signalausgangs-Hohlraumresonator aufeinanderfolgenden Hohlraumresonatoren über Koppelöffnungen in deren Seitenwänden positiv miteinander gekoppelt sind.The present invention relates to a microwave filter which has a plurality of cavity resonators which are coupled to one another via coupling openings in their side walls running parallel to the direction of wave propagation, all of the cavity resonators forming the filter being arranged in the manner of a densest cylinder packing, so that each individual cavity resonator is as large as possible existing cavity resonators is in contact, and all in the energy flow direction between a signal input cavity resonator and a signal output cavity resonator successive cavity resonators are coupled to one another via coupling openings in the side walls.
Ein derartiges Mikrowellenfilter ist aus der FR-A-2 285 729 bekannt. Sämtliche zwischen den einzelnen benachbarten Hohlraumresonatoren existierenden Kopplungen sind positiv, so daß die Möglichkeit, bestimmte Filtercharakteristika zu realisieren, stark beschränkt sind.Such a microwave filter is known from FR-A-2 285 729. All the couplings existing between the individual adjacent cavity resonators are positive, so that the possibility of realizing certain filter characteristics is severely limited.
Bei einem aus der DE-OS 26 43 094 bzw. der IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Band MTT-24, Nr. 10, Oktober 1976, Seiten 640-648 hervorgehenden Mikrowellenfilter sind sowohl positive als auch negative Kopplungen zwischen einzelnen Hohlraumresonatoren vorgesehen. Die positiven Kopplungen werden durch Koppelöffnungen in den Seitenwänden jeweils benachbarter Hohlraumresonatoren verwirklicht, und negative Kopplungen erfolgen über Koppelschlitze in den Endwänden. Soll also ein Filter mit positiven und negativen Kopplungen realisiert werden, so ist eine sehr komplizierte und voluminöse Struktur von Hohlraumresonatoren erforderlich.In a microwave filter resulting from DE-OS 26 43 094 or IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Volume MTT-24, No. 10, October 1976, pages 640-648, both positive and negative couplings between individual cavity resonators are provided . The positive couplings are realized through coupling openings in the side walls of adjacent cavity resonators, and negative couplings take place via coupling slots in the end walls. If a filter with positive and negative couplings is to be realized, a very complicated and voluminous structure of cavity resonators is required.
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Mikrowellenfilter der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, das aus einer einfachen, platzsparenden Hohlraumresonator-Konstruktion besteht, die eine möglichst große Vielzahl von gleich- und verschiedenartigen Kopplungen zwischen den einzelnen Hohlraumresonatoren zuläßt.The invention is based on the object of specifying a microwave filter of the type mentioned at the outset, which consists of a simple, space-saving cavity construction which permits as large as possible a large number of identical and different types of couplings between the individual cavity resonators.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
Zweckmäßige Ausführungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Appropriate embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.
Durch die Anordnung der Hohlraumresonatoren nach Art einer dichtesten Zylinderpackung gibt es eine größtmögliche Zahl von Berührungszonen, die für Kopplungen ausnutzbar sind. Außerdem führt die Hohlraumresonatorkonstellation nach der /erfindung zu einem raumsparenden kompakten Mikrowellenfilter.Due to the arrangement of the cavity resonators in the manner of the densest cylinder packing, there is the greatest possible number of contact zones that can be used for couplings. In addition, the cavity resonator constellation according to the invention leads to a space-saving, compact microwave filter.
An Hand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen wird nachfolgend die Erfindung näher beschrieben.
- Fig. 1 und 2
- zeigen zwei verschiedene Konstellationen von Hohlraumresonatoren und
- Fig. 3
- zeigt Wellenmoden, die in den Hohlraumresonatoren existieren.
- 1 and 2
- show two different constellations of cavity resonators and
- Fig. 3
- shows wave modes that exist in the cavity resonators.
Der Fig. 1 ist ein Mikrowellenfilter zu entnehmen, das aus sechs zylindrischen Hohlraumresonatoren H1 ... H6 mit runden Querschnitten besteht. Die Hohlraumresonatoren sind nach Art einer dichtesten Zylinderpackung angeordnet, wobei jeder Hohlraumresonator mit seiner Seitenwand an die Seitenwände mehrerer anderer Hohlraumresonatoren angrenzt. Durch diese Konstellation der Hohlraumresonatoren H1 ... H6 entsteht eine größtmögliche Zahl von gegenseitigen Seitenwandungs-Berührungen. Über Koppelöffnungen (z.B. Löcher, Schlitze) in den Seitenwandungs-Berührungszonen kann nun eine Vielzahl von elektromagnetischen Kopplungen zwischen benachbarten Hohlraumresonatoren realisiert werden.1 shows a microwave filter which consists of six cylindrical cavity resonators H1 ... H6 with round cross sections. The cavity resonators are arranged in the manner of the densest cylinder packing, each cavity resonating with its side wall adjoining the side walls of several other cavity resonators. This constellation of the cavity resonators H1 ... H6 results in the greatest possible number of mutual side wall contacts. Coupling openings (e.g. holes, slots) in the side wall contact zones can now be used to implement a large number of electromagnetic couplings between adjacent cavity resonators.
Beim in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel bestehen Kopplungen (mit dem Symbol gekennzeichnet in den Seitenwandungs-Berührungszonen zwischen den in Energieflußrichtung angeordneten Hohlraumresonatoren H1 ... H6, beginnend mit dem einen Signaleingang E aufweisenden Hohlraumresonator H6. Außer diesen Haptkopplungen der in Energieflußrichtung aneinandergereihten Hohlraumresonatoren gibt es zusätzlich noch Nebenkopplungen (mit dem Symbol x gekennzeichnet) zwischen dem zentralen Hohlraumresonator H1 und den ihm benachbarten Hohlraumresonatoren H3, H4, H5 und H6.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 there are couplings (marked with the symbol in the side wall contact zones between the cavity resonators H1 ... H6 arranged in the energy flow direction, starting with the cavity resonator having a signal input E. H6. In addition to these haptic couplings of the cavity resonators lined up in the energy flow direction, there are also secondary couplings (marked with the symbol x) between the central cavity resonator H1 and the cavity resonators H3, H4, H5 and H6 adjacent to it.
Eine gegenüber dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel leicht abgewandelte Konstellation der Hohlraumresonatoren H1 ... H6 zeigt die Fig. 2. Hier sind Nebenkopplungen zwischen einem zentral angeordneten Hohlraumresonator H4 und dessen nicht in Energieflußrichtung benachbarten Hohlraumresonatoren H1, H2 und H6 und eine Nebenkopplung zwischen dem Signaleingangs-Hohlraumresonator H1 und dem Signalausgangs-Hohlraumresonator H6 eingerichtet.1 shows a slightly modified constellation of the cavity resonators H1 ... H6 compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. Here there are secondary couplings between a centrally arranged cavity resonator H4 and its cavity resonators H1, H2 and H6, which are not adjacent in the energy flow direction, and a secondary coupling between the signal input cavity H1 and the signal output cavity H6.
Die Anordnung der Hohlraumresonatoren nach Art einer dichtesten Zylinderpackung läßt eine große Vielzahl von Variationen bei der Zusammenstellung der miteinander zu koppelnden Hohlraumresonatoren zu. Außerdem kann ein Mikrowellenfilter, das nach der beschriebenen Art aufgebaut ist, mit wenig Aufwand um zusätzliche Hohlraumresonatoren zu einer komplexeren Filterstruktur erweitert werden.The arrangement of the cavity resonators in the manner of the densest cylinder packing allows a large number of variations in the composition of the cavity resonators to be coupled together. In addition, a microwave filter, which is constructed in accordance with the type described, can be expanded with little effort to include additional cavity resonators to form a more complex filter structure.
Die oben angesprochenen Nebenkopplungen zwischen benachbarten, aber nicht in Energieflußrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden Hohlraumresonatoren können entweder als positive oder als negative Kopplungen realisiert werden. An Hand der Fig. 3 soll verdeutlicht werden, wie zwei benachbarte Hohlraumresonatoren entweder positiv oder negativ gekoppelt werden können. Dazu ist in einem der beiden benachbarten Hohlraumresonatoren, von denen die Fig. 3 einen Längsschnitt parallel zur Wellenausbreitungsrichtung z zeigt, der TE 011-Wellenmode und in dem anderen Hohlraumresonator der TE 012-Wellenmode existent. In einem Bereich der beiden mit ihren Seitenwandungen aneinandergrenzenden Hohlraumresonatoren verlaufen die magnetischen Feldlinien des TE 011- und des TE 012-Wellenmodes in gleiche Richtung parallel zueinander. Eine dort angeordnete Koppelöffnung K1 ermöglicht eine positive Kopplung zwischen den Hohlraumresonatoren. In einem anderen Bereich der beiden Hohlraumresonatoren verlaufen die magnetischen Feldlinien des TE 011- und des TE 012-Wellenmodes in entgegengesetzte Richtungen. Eine dort in der Seitenwandung vorhandene Koppelöffnung K2 ermöglicht eine negative Kopplung.The above-mentioned secondary couplings between adjacent cavity resonators, but not successive in the energy flow direction, can be implemented either as positive or as negative couplings. 3 is intended to illustrate how two adjacent cavity resonators can be coupled either positively or negatively. For this purpose, the TE 011 wave mode exists in one of the two adjacent cavity resonators, of which FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section parallel to the wave propagation direction z, and the TE 012 wave mode exists in the other cavity resonator. Run in a region of the two cavity resonators adjoining one another with their side walls the magnetic field lines of the TE 011 and TE 012 wave modes in the same direction parallel to each other. A coupling opening K1 arranged there enables a positive coupling between the cavity resonators. In another area of the two cavity resonators, the magnetic field lines of the TE 011 and TE 012 wave modes run in opposite directions. A coupling opening K2 there in the side wall enables negative coupling.
Würde man z.B. ein Mikrowellenfilter gemäß Fig. 1 mit positiven Hauptkopplungen der in Energieflußrichtung aneinandergereihten Hohlraumresonatoren H1 ... H6 und mit negativen Nebenkopplungen zwischen den Hohlraumresonatoren H1, H4 und den Hohlraumresonatoren H1, H6 verwirklichen, so erhielte man eine elliptische Filtercharakteristik mit 2 Paar echten Nullstellen sechster Ordnung mit einer Filtergüte von 15.000 bei 12 GHz.Would you e.g. 1 with positive main couplings of the cavity resonators H1 ... H6 strung together in the energy flow direction and with negative secondary couplings between the cavity resonators H1, H4 and the cavity resonators H1, H6, this would give an elliptical filter characteristic with 2 pairs of real sixth order zeros with a filter quality of 15,000 at 12 GHz.
Claims (2)
- A microwave filter composed of a plurality of cavity resonators coupled together by way of coupling irises in their side walls which extend parallel to the direction of wave propagation, wherein all cavity resonators (H1 ... H6) forming the filter are arranged in the manner of an extremely tight cylinder pack so that each individual cavity resonator is in contact with the largest possible number of existing cavity resonators, and all cavity resonators (H2 ... H5) that are successive to one another in the direction of energy flow between a signal input cavity resonator (H1) and a signal output cavity resonator (H6) are positively coupled together by way of coupling irises (K1) in their side walls, characterised in that adjacent cavity resonators which are not immediately successive in the direction of energy flow are negatively coupled by way of coupling irises (K2) in the side walls and a cavity resonator which is simultaneously positively coupled with an adjacent cavity resonator and negatively coupled with another adjacent cavity resonator is dimensioned in such a manner that a mode is excited within it which has magnetic field lines that are oriented in two different directions tangentially to the cavity resonator side wall and a coupling iris is arranged in such a manner that the magnetic field lines of the one or the other direction of orientation are coupled with magnetic field lines of the same or opposite orientation in an adjacent cavity resonator, depending on whether a positive or a negative coupling is being realised.
- A microwave filter according to claim 1, characterised in that the mode is of type TE 012 and a mode of type TE 011 exists in adjacent cavity resonators.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3621298 | 1986-06-25 | ||
| DE19863621298 DE3621298A1 (en) | 1986-06-25 | 1986-06-25 | MICROWAVE FILTER WITH MULTIPLE-COUPLED HOMELINE RESONATORS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0250858A2 EP0250858A2 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
| EP0250858A3 EP0250858A3 (en) | 1988-12-07 |
| EP0250858B1 true EP0250858B1 (en) | 1993-07-14 |
Family
ID=6303681
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87107534A Expired - Lifetime EP0250858B1 (en) | 1986-06-25 | 1987-05-23 | Microwave filter with multiple coupled cavity resonators |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4772863A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0250858B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1271533A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3621298A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19523220A1 (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Microwave filter |
| DE19524263C1 (en) * | 1995-07-04 | 1996-10-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Planar microwave filter with several waveguide resonators |
| FR2742262B1 (en) | 1995-12-12 | 1998-01-09 | Alcatel Telspace | PSEUDO-ELLIPTICAL FILTER IN THE MILLIMETER FIELD CARRIED OUT IN WAVEGUIDE TECHNOLOGY |
| US5936490A (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1999-08-10 | K&L Microwave Inc. | Bandpass filter |
| US6130969A (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 2000-10-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High efficiency channel drop filter |
| US6101300A (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 2000-08-08 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High efficiency channel drop filter with absorption induced on/off switching and modulation |
| SE510960C2 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-07-12 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | waveguide |
| US6337610B1 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2002-01-08 | Comsat Corporation | Asymmetric response bandpass filter having resonators with minimum couplings |
| JP3839410B2 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2006-11-01 | Ｔｄｋ株式会社 | Filter and resonator arrangement method |
| DE10361809A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-28 | Tesat-Spacecom Gmbh & Co. Kg | Topology for dielectric filter e.g. for satellite communications, has resonators in rows with one row displaced from next row by half spacing of resonators |
| AU2007274795A1 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-24 | Anaxsys Technology Limited | Gas sensor |
| EP2436310A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 | 2012-04-04 | Anaxsys Technology Limited | Gas sensor |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2285729A1 (en) * | 1974-09-18 | 1976-04-16 | Labo Cent Telecommunicat | Linear phase microwave filter - using pairs of circular resonant cavities electrically coupled and supplied by rectangular waveguide |
| US3969692A (en) * | 1975-09-24 | 1976-07-13 | Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat) | Generalized waveguide bandpass filters |
| US4453146A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1984-06-05 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Dual-mode dielectric loaded cavity filter with nonadjacent mode couplings |
| JPS5986902A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-05-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Band pass filter |
-
1986
- 1986-06-25 DE DE19863621298 patent/DE3621298A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-05-23 EP EP87107534A patent/EP0250858B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-23 DE DE8787107534T patent/DE3786495D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-06-23 CA CA000540337A patent/CA1271533A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-06-23 US US07/065,565 patent/US4772863A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3786495D1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| CA1271533A (en) | 1990-07-10 |
| DE3621298A1 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
| US4772863A (en) | 1988-09-20 |
| EP0250858A3 (en) | 1988-12-07 |
| EP0250858A2 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
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