EP0250791A1 - Spark gap electrode tips with a different geometry - Google Patents

Spark gap electrode tips with a different geometry Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0250791A1
EP0250791A1 EP87106768A EP87106768A EP0250791A1 EP 0250791 A1 EP0250791 A1 EP 0250791A1 EP 87106768 A EP87106768 A EP 87106768A EP 87106768 A EP87106768 A EP 87106768A EP 0250791 A1 EP0250791 A1 EP 0250791A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark gap
tips
electrode tips
electrodes
shock waves
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP87106768A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Dipl.-Ing. Pimiskern
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Dornier GmbH
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Dornier GmbH
Dornier System GmbH
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Publication of EP0250791A1 publication Critical patent/EP0250791A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
    • G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
    • G10K15/06—Sound-producing devices using electric discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T9/00—Spark gaps specially adapted for generating oscillations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark gap with two electrodes, which have a different geometry, for generating shock waves for the contact-free comminution of concrements in bodies of living beings.
  • a device with a focusing chamber for crushing concrements, which are located in the body of a living being, is known, the focusing chamber being part of an ellipsoid of revolution, in the focus of which shock waves can be generated by spark discharge.
  • the chamber is filled with a liquid and the stone to be crushed is in the second focal point of the ellipsoid.
  • electrical underwater spark detection is carried out in one Capacitor stored energy is converted into mechanical shock wave energy.
  • shock waves of high amplitude (> 1 kber with small pulse lengths ⁇ 1 psec) can be generated almost punctiformly in the second focal point, which can in this way comminute concrements located in the bodies of living beings into removable fragments.
  • a spark gap for generating shock waves with electrodes protruding from a holder is known in embodiments in which one electrode is extended and returned via a loop, so that the electrodes are axially opposite one another, and on the other hand an electrode is designed as a yoke or cage, which carries a sleeve with a bore for fastening an electrode tip.
  • the yoke or the cage can consist of two or more metal brackets.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a spark gap with electrodes, in which the service life of the electrodes is significantly longer than that of conventional electrodes and their displacement of the first focal point is very small, so that a constant pressure curve of the shock wave amplitudes can be achieved.
  • the pressure course of the shock wave amplitudes must be kept as constant as possible.
  • the first focal point it is necessary to maintain the first focal point as precisely as possible, since the reflector geometry is designed such that the focusing of the almost spherical-geometric shock waves generated in the first focal point is only optimal in the second focal point. Even a slight shift in the first focal point, for example due to different erosion of the electrode tips, means that the shock waves can no longer be focused exactly in the second focal point and the concrements located there are not crushed as best as possible.
  • the present invention makes it possible to keep the displacement of the first focus point as small as possible.
  • the focus point 8 In the middle of the spark channel 2 is the focus point 8, which, due to the adapted diameter of the electrode tips which are subject to different erosion, always remains exactly positioned at this point even with a higher number of shock waves generated.
  • the edges of the electrode tips 4 and 6 are deburred, for example, by drum grinding. This avoids the creation of sharp edges and points where the spark would prefer to jump over.
  • the electrode tips 4 and 6 can be flattened. Their profile is frustoconical with a cone angle of 20 °.
  • the tips designed in this way can be produced in a geometrically reproducible manner than conventional round tips.
  • the production tolerance dimension of + 0.1 mm used for round tips can be reduced to + 0.02 mm for flattened tips. Small manufacturing tolerances mean higher reproducibility of the generated shock waves and therefore more constant pressure profiles.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 show advantageous embodiments of the invention, in which the tubular outer conductor 10 merges into a cage 12, which consists of several metal brackets 20, according to DE-PS 26 35 635.
  • the electrode tip 4 is welded directly to the brackets 20, which are encased with an insulating plastic sleeve 22.
  • the electrode 6 is held in a plastic damper 24.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a spark gap for generating shock waves for contact-free destruction of concretions in the bodies of animals or human beings, in which the electrode tips of the axially opposed internal and external conductor electrodes have different diameters which are matched to one another in such a way that the different degree of burn-off of the electrode tips is balanced so that the focusing point is always exactly in the centre between the electrode tips. The two electrode tips can be flattened so that it is possible to reduce the diameter tolerances and obtain a better reproducible production than is the case with rounded tips. …<IMAGE>…

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Funkenstrecke mit zwei Elektroden, die eine unterschiedliche Geometrie aufweisen, zur Erzeugung von Stosswellen für die berührungsfreie Zerkleinerung von Konkrementen in Körpern von Lebewesen.The invention relates to a spark gap with two electrodes, which have a different geometry, for generating shock waves for the contact-free comminution of concrements in bodies of living beings.

Aus der DE-PS 23 51 247 ist eine Vorrichtung mit Fokussierkammer zum Zerkleinern von Konkrementen, die sich im Körper eines Lebewesens befinden, bekannt, wobei die Fokussierkammer ein Teil eines Rotationsellipsoiden ist, in dessen einem Brennpunkt Stosswellen durch Funkenentladung erzeugbar sind. Die Kammer ist dabei mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt und das zu zerkleinernde Konkrement befindet sich im zweiten Brennpunkt des Ellipsoiden. Mittels einer Funkenstrecke wird durch elektrische Unterwasserfunkenentledung die in einem Kondensator gespeicherte Energie in mechanische Stosswellenenergie umgewandelt. Durch Zündung dieser Funkenentladung in einem Brennpunkt des Rotationsellipsoiden lassen sich nahezu punktförmig im zweiten Brennpunkt Stosswellen hoher Amplitude (> 1 kber mit geringen Impulslängen < 1 psec) erzeugen, die in Körpern von Lebewesen befindliche Konkremente auf diese Weise in abgangsfähige Bruchstücke zerkleinern können.From DE-PS 23 51 247 a device with a focusing chamber for crushing concrements, which are located in the body of a living being, is known, the focusing chamber being part of an ellipsoid of revolution, in the focus of which shock waves can be generated by spark discharge. The chamber is filled with a liquid and the stone to be crushed is in the second focal point of the ellipsoid. By means of a spark gap, electrical underwater spark detection is carried out in one Capacitor stored energy is converted into mechanical shock wave energy. By igniting this spark discharge in a focal point of the ellipsoid of revolution, shock waves of high amplitude (> 1 kber with small pulse lengths <1 psec) can be generated almost punctiformly in the second focal point, which can in this way comminute concrements located in the bodies of living beings into removable fragments.

Aus der DE-PS 26 35 635 ist eine Funkenstrecke zur Erzeugung von Stosswellen mit aus einer Halterung herausragenden Elektroden in Ausführungsformen bekannt, bei denen einmal eine Elektrode verlängert und über eine Schleife zurückgeführt ist, so dass sich die Elektroden axial gegenüberliegen, und bei denen andererseits eine Elektrode als Joch oder Käfig ausgebildet ist, welcher eine Büchse mit Bohrung zur Befestigung einer Elektrodenspitze trägt. Das Joch oder der Käfig kann dabei aus zwei oder mehr metallischen Bügeln bestehen.From DE-PS 26 35 635 a spark gap for generating shock waves with electrodes protruding from a holder is known in embodiments in which one electrode is extended and returned via a loop, so that the electrodes are axially opposite one another, and on the other hand an electrode is designed as a yoke or cage, which carries a sleeve with a bore for fastening an electrode tip. The yoke or the cage can consist of two or more metal brackets.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Funkenstrecke mit Elektroden zu entwickeln, bei der die Standzeit der Elektroden deutlich höher ist als die herkömmlicher Elektroden und deren Verschiebung des ersten Brennpunktes sehr gering ist, so dass ein konstanter Druckverlauf der Stosswellenamplituden erreicht werden kann.The invention has for its object to develop a spark gap with electrodes, in which the service life of the electrodes is significantly longer than that of conventional electrodes and their displacement of the first focal point is very small, so that a constant pressure curve of the shock wave amplitudes can be achieved.

Die Aufgabe wird durch Hauptanspruch und Unteransprüche gelöst.The task is solved by main claim and subclaims.

Um eine hohe Effizienz der Stosswellen zur Zerkleinerung von Konkrementen in Körpern von Lebewesen zu erzielen, muß der Druckverlauf der Stosswellenamplituden möglichst konstant gehalten werden. Dazu ist die möglichst exakte Einhaltung des ersten Brennpunktes nötig, da die Reflektorgeometrie so ausgelegt ist, dass die Fokussierung der im ersten Brennpunkt erzeugten, nahezu kugelgeometrischen Stosswellen im zweiten Brennpunkt nur dann optimal ist. Bereits eine geringe Verschiebung des ersten Fokussierpunktes, beispielsweise durch unterschiedlichen Abbrand der Elektrodenspitzen, bewirkt, dass sich die Stosswellen nicht mehr exakt im zweiten Brennpunkt fokussieren lassen und die dort befindlichen Konkremente nicht bestmöglich zerkleinert werden. Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht es, die Verschiebung des ersten Fokussierpunktes so gering wie möglich zu halten.In order to achieve a high efficiency of the shock waves for comminution of concrements in bodies of living beings, the pressure course of the shock wave amplitudes must be kept as constant as possible. For this, it is necessary to maintain the first focal point as precisely as possible, since the reflector geometry is designed such that the focusing of the almost spherical-geometric shock waves generated in the first focal point is only optimal in the second focal point. Even a slight shift in the first focal point, for example due to different erosion of the electrode tips, means that the shock waves can no longer be focused exactly in the second focal point and the concrements located there are not crushed as best as possible. The present invention makes it possible to keep the displacement of the first focus point as small as possible.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von Figuren näher beschrieben.The invention is described in more detail with reference to figures.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Funkenkanals zwischen den beiden Elektroden,
  • Figur 2 eine Funkenstrecke mit käfiggehaltener Außenleiterelektrode und erfindungsgemäßen Elektrodenspitzen,
  • Figur 3 einen Schnitt durch die Funkenstrecke nach Figur 2.
  • Figur 1 zeigt einen Funkenkanal 2 zwischen AuBenleiterelektrodenspitze 4 und Innenleiterelektrodenspitze 6 einer Funkenstrecke. Bei verschiedenen ursprünglichen Radienverhältnissen von Innenleiterelektrode 6 zu Außenleiterelektrode 4 erfolgt der Abbrand an beiden Elektroden unterschiedlich. Wird im ungünstigsten Fall der Innenleiterradius kleiner gewählt als der AuBenleiterradius, so ist die Diskrepanz zwischen den Abbränden besonders groß. Nähert sich jedoch das Verhältnis der ursprünglichen Radien von Innen- zu Außenleiterelektrodenspitze dem Wert 1.2, dann gleichen sich die Abbrände der beiden Elektroden aneinander an, da bei gleichem Spitzendurchmesser der Abbrand der Innenleiterelektrodenspitze ca. 1.2 mal größer ist als der Abbrand der Aussenleiterelektrodenspitze. Im Mittel erfolgt der flächenbezogene Abbrand bei der Innenleiterelektrode (Kathode) 6 30-50% schneller als bei der Außenleiterelektrode (Anode) 4. Daher wird der Durchmesser der Innenleiterelektrodenspitze 6 erfindungsgemäß erhöht. Das ideale Verhältnis von Innenleiterelektrode zu AuBenleiterelektrode liegt zwischen 1.1:1 und 1.3:1.
Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows an enlarged representation of the spark channel between the two electrodes,
  • FIG. 2 shows a spark gap with a cage-held outer conductor electrode and electrode tips according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through the spark gap according to FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows a spark channel 2 between the outer conductor electrode tip 4 and the inner conductor electrode tip 6 of a spark gap. In the case of different original radius ratios from inner conductor electrode 6 to outer conductor electrode 4, the erosion takes place differently on both electrodes. In the worst case, if the inner conductor radius is chosen to be smaller than the outer conductor radius, the discrepancy between the burns is particularly large. However, if the ratio of the original radii of the inner to outer conductor electrode tips approaches 1.2, then the burn-offs of the two electrodes approximate each other, since with the same tip diameter, the burn-off of the inner conductor electrode tip is approximately 1.2 times greater than the burn-off of the outer conductor electrode tip. On average, the area-related erosion takes place 30-50% faster with the inner conductor electrode (cathode) 6 than with the outer conductor electrode (anode) 4. Therefore, the diameter of the inner conductor electrode tip 6 is increased according to the invention. The ideal ratio of inner conductor electrode to outer conductor electrode is between 1.1: 1 and 1.3: 1.

In der Mitte des Funkenkanals 2 liegt der Fokussionspunkt 8, der aufgrund des angepassten Durchmessers der mit unterschiedlichem Abbrand beaufschlagten Elektrodenspitzen auch bei höherer Zahl der erzeugten Stosswellen immer exakt an dieser Stelle positioniert bleibt. Die Kanten der Elektrodenspitzen 4 und 6 werden beispielsweise durch Trommelschleifen entgratet. Dadurch wird vermieden, dass scharfe Kanten und Spitzen entstehen, an denen der Funken bevorzugt überspringen würde.In the middle of the spark channel 2 is the focus point 8, which, due to the adapted diameter of the electrode tips which are subject to different erosion, always remains exactly positioned at this point even with a higher number of shock waves generated. The edges of the electrode tips 4 and 6 are deburred, for example, by drum grinding. This avoids the creation of sharp edges and points where the spark would prefer to jump over.

Die Elektrodenspitzen 4 und 6 können abgeflacht sein. Ihr Profil ist kegelstumpfförmig mit einem Kegelwinkel von 20°. Die so gestalteten Spitzen lassen sich geometrisch reproduzierbarer herstellen als herkömmliche runde Spitzen. Das bei runden Spitzen ausgeschöpfte Fertigungstoleranzmaß von + 0.1 mm läßt sich bei abgeflachten Spitzen auf + 0.02 mm herabsetzen. Kleine Fertigungstoleranzen bedeuten aber eine höhere Reproduzierbarkeit der erzeugten Stosswellen und damit konstantere Druckverläufe.The electrode tips 4 and 6 can be flattened. Their profile is frustoconical with a cone angle of 20 °. The tips designed in this way can be produced in a geometrically reproducible manner than conventional round tips. The production tolerance dimension of + 0.1 mm used for round tips can be reduced to + 0.02 mm for flattened tips. Small manufacturing tolerances mean higher reproducibility of the generated shock waves and therefore more constant pressure profiles.

Als Ausführungsbeispiel kann der Durchmesser der Elektrodenspitzen folgender sein:

  • Die Innenleiterelektrodenspitze 6 weist einen Durchmesser von 1.0 + 0.02 mm auf und die Außenleiterelektrodenspitze 4 einen Durchmesser von 0.8 + 0.02 mm.
As an exemplary embodiment, the diameter of the electrode tips can be as follows:
  • The inner conductor electrode tip 6 has a diameter of 1.0 + 0.02 mm and the outer conductor electrode tip 4 has a diameter of 0.8 + 0.02 mm.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, bei der der rohrförmige Außenleiter 10 in einen Käfig 12 übergeht, der aus mehreren metallischen Bügeln 20 besteht, nach DE-PS 26 35 635. Die Elektrodenspitze 4 ist direkt an den Bügeln 20 angeschweißt, die mit einer isolierenden Kunststoffhülse 22 ummentelt sind. Die Elektrode 6 ist in einem Dämpfer 24 aus Kunststoff gehalten.Figures 2 and 3 show advantageous embodiments of the invention, in which the tubular outer conductor 10 merges into a cage 12, which consists of several metal brackets 20, according to DE-PS 26 35 635. The electrode tip 4 is welded directly to the brackets 20, which are encased with an insulating plastic sleeve 22. The electrode 6 is held in a plastic damper 24.

Abgeflachte Spitzen bewirken eine Einengung der Durchmessertoleranzen und dienen einer reproduzierbareren Fertigung. Verschiedene Durchmesser von Innen- und AuBenleiterelektrodenspitzen gewährleisten eine deutlich verlängerte Standzeit der Elektroden, eine geringere Verschiebung des Fokussionspunktes und damit ein besseres Druckverhalten der Stosswelle, eine genauere Fokussierung der Stosswelle im zweiten Brennpunkt des Rotationsellipsoiden und eine effektivere Zertrümmerung der Konkremente.Flattened tips narrow the diameter tolerances and serve for more reproducible production. Different diameters of the inner and outer conductor electrode tips ensure a significantly longer service life of the electrodes, less displacement of the focus point and thus better pressure behavior of the shock wave, more precise focusing of the shock wave in the second focal point of the ellipsoid of revolution and more effective crushing of the concretions.

Claims (6)

1. Funkenstrecke zur Erzeugung von Stosswellen für die berührungsfreie Zerstörung von Konkrementen in Körpern von Lebewesen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchmesser der Spitzen der beiden Elektroden (4, 6) unterschiedlich ist.1. spark gap for generating shock waves for the contact-free destruction of concrements in bodies of living beings, characterized in that the diameter of the tips of the two electrodes (4, 6) is different. 2. Funkenstrecke zur Erzeugung von Stosswellen für die berührungsfreie Zerstörung von Konkrementen in Körpern von Lebewesen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spitzen der beiden Elektroden (4, 6) abgeflacht sind.2. Spark gap for generating shock waves for the contact-free destruction of concrements in bodies of living beings, characterized in that the tips of the two electrodes (4, 6) are flattened. 3. Funkenstrecke nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spitzen der beiden Elektroden (4, 6) abgeflacht sind.3. spark gap according to claim 1, characterized in that the tips of the two electrodes (4, 6) are flattened. 4. Funkenstrecke nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Durchmesserverhältnis von Innenelektrodenspitze (6) zu Außenelektrodenspitze (4) zwischen 1.1:1 und 1.3:1 liegt.4. Spark gap according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the diameter ratio of the inner electrode tip (6) to the outer electrode tip (4) is between 1.1: 1 and 1.3: 1. 5. Funkenstrecke nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Durchmesserverhältnis von Innenelektrodenspitze (6) zu Außenelektrodenspitze (4) bei 1.2:1 liegt.5. Spark gap according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the diameter ratio of the inner electrode tip (6) to the outer electrode tip (4) is 1.2: 1. 6. Funkenstrecke nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kanten der Elektrodenspitzen (4, 6) durch Schleifen (Trovalieren) entgratet sind.6. spark gap according to claim 2, characterized in that the edges of the electrode tips (4, 6) are deburred by grinding (trovaling).
EP87106768A 1986-07-03 1987-05-09 Spark gap electrode tips with a different geometry Withdrawn EP0250791A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3622352 1986-07-03
DE3622352A DE3622352C1 (en) 1986-07-03 1986-07-03 Spark gap with electrode tips of different geometries

Publications (1)

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EP0250791A1 true EP0250791A1 (en) 1988-01-07

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JP (1) JPS6319139A (en)
DE (1) DE3622352C1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0226047A2 (en) * 1985-12-12 1987-06-24 Dornier Medizintechnik Gmbh Submerged electrode for contactless lithotripsy
EP0226047A3 (en) * 1985-12-12 1988-09-14 Dornier Medizintechnik Gmbh Submerged electrode for contactless lithotripsy
FR2693306A1 (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-01-07 Technomed Int Sa Electric discharge electrode with movable ring, discharge device, pressure wave generating device and treatment apparatus comprising the same.
WO1994001859A1 (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-01-20 Technomed International Electric discharge electrode with moving ring

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US4905673A (en) 1990-03-06
DE3622352C1 (en) 1987-12-03
JPS6319139A (en) 1988-01-26

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