EP0250329B1 - Ammunition propellant charge, especially for large-calibre arrow-type projectiles - Google Patents

Ammunition propellant charge, especially for large-calibre arrow-type projectiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0250329B1
EP0250329B1 EP87401380A EP87401380A EP0250329B1 EP 0250329 B1 EP0250329 B1 EP 0250329B1 EP 87401380 A EP87401380 A EP 87401380A EP 87401380 A EP87401380 A EP 87401380A EP 0250329 B1 EP0250329 B1 EP 0250329B1
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Prior art keywords
propellant charge
holding means
cartridge case
revolution
projectile
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EP87401380A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0250329B2 (en
EP0250329A1 (en
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Jean-Claude Sauvestre
Gérard Raymondie
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Giat Industries SA
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Giat Industries SA
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Priority to AT87401380T priority Critical patent/ATE50359T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/16—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile characterised by composition or physical dimensions or form of propellant charge, with or without projectile, or powder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a propellant charge consisting of grains of powder, intended for the propulsion of projectiles in particular with kinetic energy under calibrated of the large caliber arrow type.
  • These munitions are known to perforate targets by mechanical effect thanks to the kinetic energy delivered on impact. Therefore, in a given weapon system, therefore for a known firing pressure, this ammunition is asked to have the highest possible initial speed.
  • studies of these munitions lead to the finest possible optimization of the projectile itself and of each sub-assembly making up its propulsive system (powder, ignition, etc.).
  • the mechanical strength of the towed part is essentially linked to the value of these transverse stresses.
  • the maximum value of these constraints must be limited to the maximum so that the towed part retains its integrity at the outlet of the launching tube.
  • One of the aims of the invention consists in solving the problem of the mechanical strength of the tail unit by reducing the transverse stresses to which it is subjected.
  • the subject of the invention is a propellant charge consisting of powder, for example, in the form of grains intended for the propulsion of kinetic energy projectiles under calibrated of the large caliber arrow type and placed inside a metallic revolution socket. or not comprising at one end a base and at the other end the projectile, loading characterized in that it comprises holding means ensuring its compactness and its symmetry with respect to the axis of revolution of the sleeve
  • Figure 1 shows a munition according to the state of the art station in a launch tube 1; it consists of an arrow sub-projectile 2 comprising an elongated bar made of heavy material and a stabilizing stabilizer 3.
  • the arrow sub-projectile 2 is guided and propelled into the launching tube 1 by a shoe 4.
  • the ammunition also includes a socket 5 to the base of which is fixed a primer igniter tube 6. This socket contains the propellant charge 7 consisting of loose powder.
  • the powder forms, by gravitation, an inclined powder bed 8 making the propellant charge asymmetrical.
  • the primer-carrying tube 6 ignites the propellant charge 7 by developing pressure waves moving in the direction represented by the arrow 9.
  • the pressure wave is disturbed by the asymmetry of the propellant charge and generated a force T1 substantially perpendicular to the powder bed.
  • This force T1 combined with the traction force T2, due to the inertia of the towed part of the projectile, subjects the tail of the arrow to a resulting force T3 which in the particular case of this figure is substantially per pendulum to the axis of revolution of the ammunition.
  • This effort T3 tends to bend the projectile, which can have harmful consequences which can range from partial deterioration to complete rupture of the tail
  • FIG. 2 shows an ammunition of the type described above. However, an important modification concerning the propellant charge 7 has been made.
  • a wedging has been placed at the front of the load, isolating the latter from the tail of the boom, and keeping it compacted towards the rear of the sleeve 5 so as to maintain its symmetry during the various manipulations of the ammunition before and during its placement.
  • the setting is carried out using a disc 10 which can, for example, consist of a block of expanded polystyrene, a cardboard or nitrocellulose plate or, a perforated metal plate.
  • the setting mode shown in Figure 3 is said to be rear type.
  • the wedge 11 is disposed at the rear of the propellant charge, leaving a free space 12 at the base of the socket.
  • Figure 4 shows the combination of the two variants described above.
  • the so-called mixed timing is performed both at the front of the load using the wedge 10 and at the rear with the wedge 11.
  • FIG. 5 Another alternative setting is shown in Figure 5.
  • the load is contained in a thin cylindrical tube 13 made of inert or combustible material such as for example celluloid, nitrocellulose or cardboard.
  • This type of configuration also requires a front setting (Figure 5), a rear setting ( Figure 6) or a mixed setting (Figure 7).
  • the propellant charge is placed outside the cylindrical tube 13.
  • All the examples described above can also be produced from propellant charges made up of grains of powder coated with a binder so as to ensure the compactness of the load.
  • Two pressure sensors were placed in zones A and B respectively located at the level of the base of the socket and near the rear of the launching shoe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

1. A propellant charge (7) consisting of powder, for example in the form of a granular powder, intended for the propulsion of projectiles, namely large-caliber kinetic energy sub-caliber projectiles of the AP-FS-DS type (2) and placed inside a cartridge case of revolution (5), either metallic or not, including at one end a base and, at the other end, the projectile, said propellant charge being characterized in that it comprises holding means ensuring its compactness and its symmetry as to the axis of revolution of the cartridge case.

Description

L'invention concerne un chargement propulsif constitué de grains de poudre, destiné à la propulsion des projectiles notamment à énergie cinétique sous calibré du type flèche de gros calibre. Ces munitions sont connues pour perforer des cibles par effet mécanique grâce à l'énergie cinétique délivrée à l'impact. De ce fait, dans un système d'arme donné, donc pour une pression de tir connue, est demandé à cette munition de posséder une vitesse initiale la plus élevée possible. Ainsi, les études de ces munitions conduisent à mener une optimisation la plus fine possible du projectile proprement dit et de chaque sous- ensemble composant son système propulsif (poudre, allumage etc...).The invention relates to a propellant charge consisting of grains of powder, intended for the propulsion of projectiles in particular with kinetic energy under calibrated of the large caliber arrow type. These munitions are known to perforate targets by mechanical effect thanks to the kinetic energy delivered on impact. Therefore, in a given weapon system, therefore for a known firing pressure, this ammunition is asked to have the highest possible initial speed. Thus, studies of these munitions lead to the finest possible optimization of the projectile itself and of each sub-assembly making up its propulsive system (powder, ignition, etc.).

Un problème particulier est lié au fait que la partie arrière du projectile flèche, également appelée partie tractée, reçoit un empennage pour permettre sa stabilisation sur trajectoire. Les contraintes mécaniques exercées sur cet élément pendant la phase de combustion de la poudre propulsive peuvent se résumer ainsi :

  • - contraintes de traction situées dans l'axe du projectile et générées par la force d'inertie.
  • - contraintes de flexion (ou transversales) dont l'origine peut être due au déplacement non symétrique du lit de poudre et/ou à la génération d'ondes de pression transversales provenant des défauts d'allumage (allumage non symétrique par exemple).
A particular problem is linked to the fact that the rear part of the arrow projectile, also called the towed part, receives a tail to allow its stabilization on the trajectory. The mechanical stresses exerted on this element during the combustion phase of the propellant powder can be summarized as follows:
  • - tensile stresses located in the axis of the projectile and generated by the force of inertia.
  • - bending (or transverse) stresses, the origin of which may be due to the non-symmetrical displacement of the powder bed and / or to the generation of transverse pressure waves originating from ignition faults (non-symmetrical ignition for example).

La tenue mécanique de la partie tractée est essentiellement liée à la valeur de ces contraintes transversales. Ainsi, la valeur maximale de ces contraintes doit être limitée au maximum de façon à ce que la partie tractée garde son intégrité à la sortie du tube de lancement.The mechanical strength of the towed part is essentially linked to the value of these transverse stresses. Thus, the maximum value of these constraints must be limited to the maximum so that the towed part retains its integrity at the outlet of the launching tube.

Un des buts de l'invention consiste à résoudre le problème de la tenue mécanique de l'empennage en réduisant les contraintes transversales auxquelles il est soumis.One of the aims of the invention consists in solving the problem of the mechanical strength of the tail unit by reducing the transverse stresses to which it is subjected.

L'invention a pour objet un chargement propulsif constitué de poudre, par exemple, sous forme de grains destiné à la propulsion des projectiles à énergie cinétique sous calibrés du type flèche de gros calibre et disposé à l'intérieur d'une douille de révolution métallique ou non comprenant à une extrémité un culot et à l'autre extrémité le projectile, chargement caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de maintien assurant sa compacité et sa symétrie par rapport à l'axe de révolution de la douilleThe subject of the invention is a propellant charge consisting of powder, for example, in the form of grains intended for the propulsion of kinetic energy projectiles under calibrated of the large caliber arrow type and placed inside a metallic revolution socket. or not comprising at one end a base and at the other end the projectile, loading characterized in that it comprises holding means ensuring its compactness and its symmetry with respect to the axis of revolution of the sleeve

Selon d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses le moyen de maintien permet de compacter le chargement propulsif :

  • - vers le culot de la douille
  • - et/ou vers le projectile
  • - et/ou autour de l'axe de révolution de la douille.
According to other advantageous characteristics, the holding means makes it possible to compact the propellant charge:
  • - towards the base of the socket
  • - and / or towards the projectile
  • - And / or around the axis of revolution of the sleeve.

Le moyen de maintien peut être constitué :

  • - par un liant disposé entre les grains de poudre,
  • - par un matériau tel que du carton, de la nitrocellulose ou du polystyrène expansé.
  • - par une tôle métallique perforée.
The holding means can consist of:
  • - by a binder placed between the powder grains,
  • - by a material such as cardboard, nitrocellulose or expanded polystyrene.
  • - by a perforated metal sheet.

Selon une autre caractéristique particulière, le moyen de maintien est constitué par un calage disposé :

  • - à l'arrière du projectile de façon à ce que le chargement soit appliqué vers le culot de la douille.
  • - et/ou au niveau du culot de la douille de façon à ce que le chargement soit appliqué vers le projectile. Selon une autre variante, le moyen de maintien est constitué par une enveloppe de révolution, pouvant être cylindrique, placée longitudinalement dans la douille de façon à ce que le chargement soit disposé à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur, de cette enveloppe.
According to another particular characteristic, the holding means consists of a wedging arranged:
  • - at the rear of the projectile so that the load is applied towards the base of the case.
  • - And / or at the base of the case so that the load is applied towards the projectile. According to another variant, the holding means consists of an envelope of revolution, which may be cylindrical, placed longitudinally in the sleeve so that the load is placed inside or outside, of this envelope.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mis en évidence dans la suite de la description d'un mode préféré de réalisation et de ses variantes, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 représente une coupe longitudinale d'une munition flèche, selon l'état de la technique, à poste dans un tube de lancement.
  • - la figure 2 représente une coupe longitudinale d'une munition flèche selon un premier mode de réalisation.
  • - les figures 3 à 8 représentent d'autres variantes
  • - les figures 9A à 9G montrent des résultats de tir effectués avec les munitions selon l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be highlighted in the following description of a preferred embodiment and its variants, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an arrow munition, according to the state of the art, stationed in a launch tube.
  • - Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of a boom munition according to a first embodiment.
  • - Figures 3 to 8 show other variants
  • - Figures 9A to 9G show firing results made with the ammunition according to the invention.

La figure 1 représente une munition selon l'état de la technique à poste dans un tube de lancement 1 ; elle est constituée d'un sous-projectile flèche 2 comprenant un barreau allongé en matériau lourd et d'un empennage stabilisateur 3. Le sous-projectile flèche 2 est guidé et propulsé dans le tube de lancement 1 grâce à un sabot 4. La munition comprend également une douille 5 au culot de laquelle est fixé un tube allumeur porte amorce 6. Cette douille contient le chargement propulsif 7 constitué de poudre en vrac.Figure 1 shows a munition according to the state of the art station in a launch tube 1; it consists of an arrow sub-projectile 2 comprising an elongated bar made of heavy material and a stabilizing stabilizer 3. The arrow sub-projectile 2 is guided and propelled into the launching tube 1 by a shoe 4. The ammunition also includes a socket 5 to the base of which is fixed a primer igniter tube 6. This socket contains the propellant charge 7 consisting of loose powder.

Avec une munition de ce type on constate que la poudre forme, par gravitation, un lit de poudre incliné 8 rendant le chargement propulsif asymétrique. Lors du fonctionnement, le tube porte amorce 6 allume le chargement propulsif 7 en développant des ondes de pression se déplaçant dans le sens représenté par la flèche 9. Au voisinage de l'empennage 3 du projectile l'onde de pression est perturbée par la dissymétrie du chargement propulsif et engendré un effort T1 sensiblement perpendiculaire au lit de poudre. Cet effort T1, combiné à l'effort de traction T2, dû à l'inertie de la partie tractée du projectile, soumet l'empennage de la flèche à un effort résultant T3 qui dans le cas particulier de cette figure est sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de révolution de la munition. Cet effort T3 tend à faire fléchir le projectile, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences néfastes pouvant aller de la détérioration partielle jusqu'à la rupture complète de l'empennageWith ammunition of this type, it can be seen that the powder forms, by gravitation, an inclined powder bed 8 making the propellant charge asymmetrical. During operation, the primer-carrying tube 6 ignites the propellant charge 7 by developing pressure waves moving in the direction represented by the arrow 9. In the vicinity of the tail of the projectile the pressure wave is disturbed by the asymmetry of the propellant charge and generated a force T1 substantially perpendicular to the powder bed. This force T1, combined with the traction force T2, due to the inertia of the towed part of the projectile, subjects the tail of the arrow to a resulting force T3 which in the particular case of this figure is substantially per pendulum to the axis of revolution of the ammunition. This effort T3 tends to bend the projectile, which can have harmful consequences which can range from partial deterioration to complete rupture of the tail

La figure 2 montre une munition du type de celle décrite précédemment. Toutefois une modification importante concernant le chargement propulsif 7 a été réalisé.Figure 2 shows an ammunition of the type described above. However, an important modification concerning the propellant charge 7 has been made.

En effet, un calage a été disposé à la partie avant du chargement, isolant ce dernier de l'empennage de la flèche, et le maintenant compacté vers l'arrière de la douille 5 de façon à conserver sa symétrie lors des diverses manipulations de la munition avant et lors de sa mise à poste. Le calage est effectué à l'aide d'un disque 10 qui peut, par exemple, être constitué d'une cale en polystyrène expansé , d'une plaque de carton ou nitrocellulose ou, d'une plaque métallique perforée.In fact, a wedging has been placed at the front of the load, isolating the latter from the tail of the boom, and keeping it compacted towards the rear of the sleeve 5 so as to maintain its symmetry during the various manipulations of the ammunition before and during its placement. The setting is carried out using a disc 10 which can, for example, consist of a block of expanded polystyrene, a cardboard or nitrocellulose plate or, a perforated metal plate.

Le mode de calage représenté à la figure 3 est dit du type arrière. Dans ce cas, la cale 11 est disposée à l'arrière du chargement propulsif, laissant un espace libre 12 au niveau du culot de la douille.The setting mode shown in Figure 3 is said to be rear type. In this case, the wedge 11 is disposed at the rear of the propellant charge, leaving a free space 12 at the base of the socket.

La figure 4 représente la combinaison des deux variantes décrites précédemment. Le calage dit calage mixte, est réalisé à la fois à la partie avant du chargement à l'aide de la cale 10, et à l'arrière à l'aide de la cale 11.Figure 4 shows the combination of the two variants described above. The so-called mixed timing is performed both at the front of the load using the wedge 10 and at the rear with the wedge 11.

Une autre variante de calage est représentée à la figure 5. Dans cet exemple, le chargement est contenu dans un tube cylindrique mince 13 réalisé en matériau inerte ou combustible tel que par exemple du celluloid, de la nitrocellulose ou du carton. Ce type de configuration nécessite de plus un calage avant (figure 5), un calage arrière (figure 6) ou un calage mixte (figure 7).Another alternative setting is shown in Figure 5. In this example, the load is contained in a thin cylindrical tube 13 made of inert or combustible material such as for example celluloid, nitrocellulose or cardboard. This type of configuration also requires a front setting (Figure 5), a rear setting (Figure 6) or a mixed setting (Figure 7).

Selon une autre variante non représentée à la figure 8 le chargement propulsif est disposé à l'extérieur du tube cylindrique 13. Tous les exemples décrits ci-dessus peuvent également être réalisés à partir de chargements propulsifs constitués de grains de poudre enrobés d'un liant de façon à assurer la compacité du chargement.According to another variant not shown in FIG. 8, the propellant charge is placed outside the cylindrical tube 13. All the examples described above can also be produced from propellant charges made up of grains of powder coated with a binder so as to ensure the compactness of the load.

Les différents types de calages décrits précédemment ont été testés avec un même type de munition flèche de calibre 105 mm tirée à la température limite d'utilisation (+ 51 C).The different types of timing described above were tested with the same type of 105 mm caliber arrow ammunition fired at the limit of use temperature (+ 51 C).

Deux capteurs de pression ont été disposés dans les zones A et B respectivement situées au niveau du culot de la douille et à proximité arrière du sabot de lancement.Two pressure sensors were placed in zones A and B respectively located at the level of the base of the socket and near the rear of the launching shoe.

Les résultats des essais ont fait l'objet de relevés représentés aux figures 9A à 9G, les indices A à G correspondants aux résultats de tir des munitions représentées respectivement aux figures 1 à 7.The results of the tests were the subject of readings represented in FIGS. 9A to 9G, the indices A to G corresponding to the firing results of the munitions represented respectively in FIGS. 1 to 7.

L'analyse des résultats montre des variations d'ondes de pression très importantes suivant le type de calage utilisé : de 400 bars pour le calage latéral et mixte ( fig 9G) avant à 2800 bars pour le calage arrière (fig 9c). Toutefois, il convient de remarquer que les résultats sont excellents si on les compare à celui de la munition sans calage qui est de 4000 bars. Ainsi, on peut chiffrer la diminution de PA - PB comprise entre 30% et 90%.Analysis of the results shows very significant variations in pressure waves depending on the type of setting used: from 400 bars for lateral and mixed setting (fig 9G) before to 2800 bars for rear setting (fig 9c). However, it should be noted that the results are excellent when compared to that of the ammunition without setting which is 4000 bars. Thus, we can quantify the decrease in P A - P B between 30% and 90%.

Ces essais montrent la nécéssité du calage du chargement propulsif et l'importance du choix du type de calage dans l'organisation d'une munition flèche qui peut être différent selon le type de munition.These tests show the need for propellant loading stalling and the importance of choosing the type of stalling in the organization of arrow ammunition which can be different depending on the type of ammunition.

D'autre part, des essais ont été effectués pour déterminer l'influence du calage du chargement sur la dispersion balistique. Les tirs (15 coups) ont été effectués dans des conditions identiques (21 °C) avec des munitions de calibre 105 mm et avec la configuration-calage avant.In addition, tests were carried out to determine the influence of the setting of the loading on the ballistic dispersion. The shots (15 shots) were carried out under identical conditions (21 ° C) with 105 mm caliber ammunition and with the front chock configuration.

Les résultats obtenus sont les suivants :

Figure imgb0001
The results obtained are as follows:
Figure imgb0001

Il apparait que les écarts types de vitesse et de pression sont sensiblement 5 fois plus importants sans calage. La diminution des écarts types de pression (s PM) permet d'augmenter sans risque la pression d'emploi de la munition flèche ce qui conduit à augmenter la vitesse initiale (Vo) du projectile, donc d'améliorer son efficacité terminale.It appears that the standard deviations of speed and pressure are significantly 5 times greater without setting. The reduction in standard deviations of pressure (s PM) makes it possible to safely increase the working pressure of the arrow munition which leads to increasing the initial speed (Vo) of the projectile, therefore improving its terminal efficiency.

De plus la diminution des ondes de pression et l'élimination de la contrainte mécanique engendrée par un déplacement aléatoire du lit de poudre lors des manipulations de chargement et de la montée en pression, permet d'augmenter la longueur de la partie tractée de la flèche afin d'améliorer sou pouvoir de perforation.In addition, the reduction in pressure waves and the elimination of the mechanical stress generated by a random displacement of the powder bed during loading manipulations and the increase in pressure, makes it possible to increase the length of the towed part of the boom in order to improve its perforation power.

Claims (12)

1. A propellant charge (7) consisting of powder, for example in the form of a granular powder, intended for the propulsion of projectiles, namely large-caliber kinetic energy sub-caliber projectiles of the AP-FS-DS type (2) and placed inside a cartridge case of revolution (5), either metallic or not, including at one end a base and, at the other end, the projectile, said propellant charge being characterized in that it comprises holding means ensuring its compactness and its symmetry as to the axis of revolution of the cartridge case.
2. A propellant charge as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the holding means is used for compacting the propellant charge toward the base of the cartridge case.
3. A propellant charge as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the holding means is used for compacting the propellant charge toward the projectile.
4. A propellant charge as claimed in claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the holding means is used for compacting the propellant charge around the axis of revolution of the cartridge case.
5. A propellant charge as claimed in claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the holding means consists of a binder incorporated into the granular propellant.
6. A propellant charge as claimed in claims 1 through 5, characterized in that the holding means is made of a material selected, for example, from: cardboard, nitrocellulose or expanded polystyrene.
7. A propellant charge as claimed in claims 1 through 5, characterized in that the holding means consists of a perforated metal plate.
8. A propellant charge as claimed in claims 1 through 7, characterized in that the holding means consists of a blocking device (10) located at the rear of the projectile so that the propellant charge is applied toward the base of the cartridge case.
9. A propellant charge as claimed in claims 1 through 8, characterized in that the holding means consists of a blocking device (11) placed at the base of the cartridge case so that the loading is applied toward the projectile.
10. A propellant charge as claimed in claims 1 through 9, characterized in that the holding means consists of an envelope of revolution (13) placed longitudinally in the cartridge case so that the propellant charge is placed inside said envelope.
11. A propellant charge as claimed in claims 1 through 9, characterized in that the holding means consists of an envelope of revolution (13) placed longitudinally in the cartridge case so that the propellant charge is placed outside said envelope.
12. A propellant charge as claimed in claim 11 or claim 12, characterized in that the envelope of revolution (13) is cylindrical.
EP87401380A 1986-06-19 1987-06-19 Ammunition propellant charge, especially for large-calibre arrow-type projectiles Expired - Lifetime EP0250329B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87401380T ATE50359T1 (en) 1986-06-19 1987-06-19 AMMUNITION PROPULSION, ESPECIALLY FOR LARGE CALIBER ARROWS.

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FR8608829 1986-06-19
FR8608829A FR2600411B1 (en) 1986-06-19 1986-06-19 PROPULSIVE LOADING OF AMMUNITION USABLE IN PARTICULAR FOR LARGE CALIBER ARROW PROJECTILES

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EP0250329A1 EP0250329A1 (en) 1987-12-23
EP0250329B1 true EP0250329B1 (en) 1990-02-07
EP0250329B2 EP0250329B2 (en) 1994-09-28

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EP (1) EP0250329B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE50359T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3761708D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2014026T5 (en)
FR (1) FR2600411B1 (en)
IL (1) IL82927A (en)

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BE540530A (en) * 1954-08-13
GB998450A (en) * 1956-11-14 1965-07-14 Mini Of Nat Defence Of Canada Reduction of gun barrel wear
FR1354703A (en) * 1963-04-30 1964-03-06 Arrangement of propellant charges for firearms of all types
CH579549A5 (en) * 1973-01-18 1976-09-15 Ciba Geigy Ag
GB1601661A (en) * 1978-02-21 1981-11-04 Dardick D Gas generating charge for open chamber gas powered tool
DE3442741A1 (en) * 1984-11-23 1986-05-28 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Charge arrangement

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FR2600411B1 (en) 1990-04-20
EP0250329B2 (en) 1994-09-28
EP0250329A1 (en) 1987-12-23
FR2600411A1 (en) 1987-12-24
ATE50359T1 (en) 1990-02-15
DE3761708D1 (en) 1990-03-15
IL82927A0 (en) 1987-12-20
ES2014026T5 (en) 1995-08-16
IL82927A (en) 1994-05-30
ES2014026B3 (en) 1990-06-16

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