EP0247021A2 - Apparatus for the controlled thermal treatment of railroad-switch components - Google Patents

Apparatus for the controlled thermal treatment of railroad-switch components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0247021A2
EP0247021A2 EP87890068A EP87890068A EP0247021A2 EP 0247021 A2 EP0247021 A2 EP 0247021A2 EP 87890068 A EP87890068 A EP 87890068A EP 87890068 A EP87890068 A EP 87890068A EP 0247021 A2 EP0247021 A2 EP 0247021A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzles
nozzle
spherical
section
temperature
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Granted
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EP87890068A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0247021A3 (en
EP0247021B1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Dipl.-Ing. Blumauer
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Voestalpine Turnout Technology Zeltweg GmbH
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Voestalpine AG
Voestalpine Weichensysteme GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlled heat treatment of switch parts made of steel with which after heating to austenitizing temperature, in particular 840-860 ° C, accelerated cooling to a transition temperature between 450 ° C and 650 ° C using a gaseous and / or liquid coolant is made.
  • the compressed air can hiebei water, steam or the like. be added.
  • a disadvantage of this known embodiment is that in turn only the tread and thus the upper surface area of the switch parts is subjected to a heat treatment. In view of the different profile shapes of such switch parts, heat treatment, which covers the entire cross section of the switch parts evenly, does not appear to be readily possible.
  • a device for cooling rail steels has become known from EO-A2-0 161 236, in which a plurality of nozzles are arranged distributed over the circumference of the rail cross section. The arrangement is adapted to a specific rail profile shape.
  • Several spray nozzles for finely divided water have also been proposed in DE-OS 32 09 918 in order to achieve a corresponding cooling of the rail profile.
  • DE-PS 249 086 more complicated components, such as frogs, were supplied with coolant by means of appropriately shaped nozzle assemblies.
  • the invention now aims to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset, with which the heat treatment can be carried out not only in areas close to the surface, but also over the entire profile, wherein different profiles can be taken into account, in order in this way an increased Security against brittle fractures and more favorable mechanical properties, in particular to achieve better impact strength over the entire component cross section.
  • the inventive device of the type mentioned is essentially characterized in that at least two nozzle assemblies are provided with a plurality of nozzles adjustable in their jet direction.
  • the arrangement of at least two nozzle assemblies means that a plurality of nozzles can be spread over a larger area of the surface of the component, in particular on different sides of the component, against the component which has previously been brought completely to the austenitizing temperature, for example in an oven aim, whereby the nozzles of the nozzle sticks are adjustable in their jet direction, jet directions adapted to the respective profile can be selected, which enable accelerated cooling over the entire cross-section to the transition temperature and maintenance at the transition temperature.
  • the desired cooling characteristics can be achieved through the nozzles adjustable in their jet direction even with different profile shapes over the entire profile cross-section, with the nozzles also advantageously being designed to be throttled in order to achieve the most uniform possible temperature distribution over the To achieve cross section of the irregular component.
  • the nozzles are advantageously releasably connected to the nozzle assembly, and individual nozzles can be exchanged, for example for the purpose of setting the desired amount of compressed air per nozzle.
  • a device which can be adapted particularly well to different cross-sectional profiles is created in that the nozzles are designed as bores in spherical nozzle bodies, in particular spherical bearing surfaces, and in that the spherical, in particular spherical bearing surfaces can be pressed against spherical and / or hollow-conical seat surfaces of the nozzle assembly, the Coolant supply flows into the seat surfaces of the nozzle assembly.
  • the seat surface of the nozzle body can be formed with edges that overlap, for example, spherical nozzle body, so that the nozzle body is directly held by being pressed into the spherical seat surface.
  • the direction of the jet can be influenced in a simple manner and if a nozzle body with an asymmetrical nozzle cross section is selected, can be achieved by turning the nozzle body, for example by 180 °, a completely different jet characteristic.
  • One of the two sides can be designed, for example, as a soft-jet nozzle and the other, after turning through 180 °, the nozzle side which takes effect as a narrow-jet nozzle.
  • the design is advantageously made such that the nozzle assemblies each have at least one coolant supply line, into which a control valve is switched on.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the device according to the invention
  • 2 shows a detail of a fixation of a nozzle on the nozzle assembly
  • FIG. 3 shows the strength depth profile which can be achieved with the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 and 2 by treating the entire profile cross section of a switch part.
  • 1 denotes two nozzle assemblies, to the coolant supply of which separate control valves 2 are connected.
  • the switch part to be treated is designated 3 and, after being brought to the austenitizing temperature over its entire cross section in an oven, is placed on the device according to the invention according to FIG. Compressed air is injected via the nozzle assemblies 1 and is expelled against the switch part 3 via nozzles 4.
  • Such a nozzle 4 is shown enlarged in the illustration according to FIG.
  • the nozzle 4 is latched in a seat part 5, which has a spherical seat 6.
  • the nozzle 4 is provided as a bore 7 in a spherical nozzle body 8 and can be rotated in the spherical seat 6 of the seat part 5 so that the axis 9 of the jet direction of the nozzle is adjustable.
  • the conically widening part 11 of the nozzle body 8 reaches the outside, so that a soft outflow is effected in this way.
  • a comparatively hard jet emerges through the bore 7.
  • the spherical seat 6 of the seat body 5 merges into a conical funnel 12, in the bottom of which the supply line 13 for the coolant opens.
  • the seat part 5 can be fixed, for example, by means of the thread 14 on the nozzle assembly 1 according to FIG. 1.
  • the direction and the jet characteristics of the nozzle can be adjusted by correspondingly adjusting the axis 9 of the nozzle body 8, a plurality of such nozzles being contained in the nozzle assemblies 1.
  • Natural hard or machined parts made of rail steels with analysis were brought to austenitizing temperature 840-860 ° C in a heat treatment furnace and then accelerated to a transformation temperature of 450-650 ° C by means of a device according to Fig. 1 and 2 using compressed air (approx. 7 atm). The temperature was measured using a milliscope or contact thermometer. Appropriate adjustment of the compressed air nozzles with regard to the jet direction and jet cross-section ensured a uniform structure across the different cross-sectional shapes of the switch parts and also a holding time necessary for the complete conversion to the pearlite stage due to the residual heat present in the component core. After the conversion had taken place, the mixture was cooled further in still air or by a quenching medium such as H2O or oil.
  • a quenching medium such as H2O or oil.
  • the cooling rate could be controlled in such a way that a gradual decrease in strength occurred at the welding ends of the components. Since the wheel overflow components, such as the centerpiece tip and wing rails, are usually welded with rails of 880 N / mm2 minimum strength, this offers the advantage of a gradual change in strength, with which no dents, which result from an abrupt jump in strength, can occur.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

For the thermal treatment of railroad-switch components, the latter are austenitised over their entire profile cross-section and subsequently are cooled rapidly to transformation temperature. The cooling and maintaining at transformation temperature is effected using nozzles (4) accommodated in penstocks (1) and capable of being oriented in order to keep the cooling rate and the temperature as constant as possible over the entire cross-section. In addition, the supply of coolant to the nozzles can be controlled so that the hardness of the component decreases towards the welding ends. (Fig. 1). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einrichtung zur ge­steuerten Wärmebehandlung von Weichenteilen aus Stahl mit welcher nach einer Erwärmung auf Austenitisierungstemperatur, insbesondere 840-860°C, eine beschleunigte Abkühlung auf eine Umwandlungstemperatur zwischen 450°C und 650°C unter Anwen­dung eines gasförmigen und/oder flüssigen Kühlmittels vorge­nommen wird.The invention relates to a device for controlled heat treatment of switch parts made of steel with which after heating to austenitizing temperature, in particular 840-860 ° C, accelerated cooling to a transition temperature between 450 ° C and 650 ° C using a gaseous and / or liquid coolant is made.

Aus der AT-PS 323 224 ist es bereits bekannt, gewalzte Schienen einer Wäremebehandlung zu unterziehen, um die Festig­keitseigenschaften zu verbessern. Im Zusammenhang mit der Wärmebehandlung von Weichenteilen ist es bisher, beispiels­weise aus der DE-OS 25 41 978, bereits bekannt geworden, lediglich die Lauffläche der Weichenteile einer entspre­chenden Behandlung zu unterziehen, wobei in dieser DE-OS vorgeschlagen wird, Stähle mit einer Analyse, die den natur­harten Schienenstählen entspricht, im Durchlauf einer Wärme­behandlung zu unterziehen, wobei die Lauffläche in hin­reichender Tiefe auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erhitzt wird und anschließend die austenitisierte Lauffläche durch Auf­blasen von Preßluft abgeschreckt wird. Es soll hiebei in einer ersten Stufe durch starkes Aufblasen, ausgehend von der Austenitisierungstemperatur, bis in den Bereich der Perlit­umwandlung, d.h. in einen Bereich zwischen etwa 450°C und 650°C, abgeschreckt werden, um auf diese Weise die Ausbildung eines feinperlitischen Gefüges sicherzustellen, wobei nach­folgend in üblicher Weise ein Halten des eingestellten Temperaturbereiches durchgedrosseltes Aufblasen erzielt werden soll, um möglichst rasch eine vollständige Perlit­umwandlung zu erzielen. Der Preßluft kann hiebei Wasser, Wasserdampf od.dgl. zugesetzt werden.From AT-PS 323 224 it is already known to subject rolled rails to heat treatment in order to improve the strength properties. In connection with the heat treatment of switch parts, it has already become known, for example from DE-OS 25 41 978, to only subject the running surface of the switch parts to a corresponding treatment, this DE-OS proposing steels with an analysis, which corresponds to the naturally hard rail steels, undergo a heat treatment in one pass, the running surface being heated to a sufficient depth to the austenitizing temperature and then the austenitizing running surface being quenched by blowing in compressed air. It is said to be in a first stage by vigorous inflation, starting from the austenitizing temperature, into the area of the pearlite transformation, i.e. are quenched in a range between about 450 ° C and 650 ° C, in order to ensure the formation of a fine pearlitic microstructure, whereby subsequently, the set temperature range is to be maintained by throttled inflation in order to achieve a complete pearlite conversion as quickly as possible achieve. The compressed air can hiebei water, steam or the like. be added.

Nachteilig bei dieser bekannten Ausführungsform ist, daß wiederum nur die Lauffläche und damit der obenliegende Ober­ flächenbereich der Weichenteile einer Wärmebehandlung unter­zogen wird. Mit Rücksicht auf die unterschiedlichen Profil­formen derartiger Weichenteile erscheint eine Wärme­behandlung, welche den gesamten Querschnitt der Weichenteile gleichmäßig erfaßt, nicht ohne weiteres möglich.A disadvantage of this known embodiment is that in turn only the tread and thus the upper surface area of the switch parts is subjected to a heat treatment. In view of the different profile shapes of such switch parts, heat treatment, which covers the entire cross section of the switch parts evenly, does not appear to be readily possible.

Aus der EO-A2-0 161 236 ist eine Einrichtung zum Abkühlen von Schienenstählen bekanntgeworden, bei welcher eine Mehrzahl von Düsen über den Umfang des Schienenquerschnittes verteilt angeordnet sind. Die Anordnung ist hiebei an eine bestimmte Schienenprofilform angepaßt. Mehrere Sprühdüsen für feinver­teiltes Wasser sind auch in der DE-OS 32 09 918 bereits vorgeschlagen worden, um eine entsprechende Abkühlung des Schienenprofiles zu erzielen. Kompliziertere Bauteile, wie beispielsweise Herzstücke, wurden, wie aus der DE-PS 249 086 bekannt ist, durch entsprechend speziell geformte Düsenstöcke mit Kühlmittel beaufschlagt.A device for cooling rail steels has become known from EO-A2-0 161 236, in which a plurality of nozzles are arranged distributed over the circumference of the rail cross section. The arrangement is adapted to a specific rail profile shape. Several spray nozzles for finely divided water have also been proposed in DE-OS 32 09 918 in order to achieve a corresponding cooling of the rail profile. As is known from DE-PS 249 086, more complicated components, such as frogs, were supplied with coolant by means of appropriately shaped nozzle assemblies.

Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mit welcher die Wärmebe­handlung nicht nur in oberflächennahen Bereichen, sondern über das gesamte Profil vollständig durchgeführt werden kann, wobei unterschiedlichen Profilen Rechnung getragen werden kann, um auf diese Weise eine erhöhte Sicherheit gegenüber Sprödbrüchen und günstigere mechanische Eigenschaften, insbesondere eine bessere Kerbschlagzähigkeit über den gesamten Bauteilquerschnitt zu erzielen. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art im wesentlichen dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei Düsenstöcke mit einer Mehrzahl von in ihrer Strahlrichtung verstellbaren Düsen vorgesehen sind. Durch die Anordnung von wenigstens zwei Düsenstöcken lassen sich eine Mehrzahl von Düsen über einen größeren Bereich der Oberfläche des Bauteiles, insbesondere zu verschiedenen Seiten des Bauteiles gegen den zuvor beispielsweise in einem Ofen zur Gänze auf Austenitisierungstemperatur gebrachten Bauteil richten, wobei dadurch, daß die Düsen der Düsenstöcke in ihrer Strahlrichtung verstellbar sind, dem jeweiligen Profil angepaßte Strahlrichtungen gewählt werden können, welche ein beschleunigtes Abkühlen über den gesamten Querschnitt auf die Umwandlungstemperatur und ein Halten auf der Umwandlungs­temperatur ermöglichen. Mit Rücksicht auf den relativ un­regelmäßigen Querschnitt von Weichenteilen, läßt sich durch die in ihrer Strahlrichtung verstellbaren Düsen die ge­wünschte Abkühlcharakteristik auch bei unterschiedlicher Profilform über den gesamten Profilquerschnitt erzielen, wobei mit Vorteil zusätzlich noch die Düsen drosselbar ausgebildet sind, um eine möglichst gleichmäßiger Temperatur­verteilung über den Querschnitt des unregelmäßigen Bauteiles erzielen zu können.The invention now aims to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset, with which the heat treatment can be carried out not only in areas close to the surface, but also over the entire profile, wherein different profiles can be taken into account, in order in this way an increased Security against brittle fractures and more favorable mechanical properties, in particular to achieve better impact strength over the entire component cross section. To achieve this object, the inventive device of the type mentioned is essentially characterized in that at least two nozzle assemblies are provided with a plurality of nozzles adjustable in their jet direction. The arrangement of at least two nozzle assemblies means that a plurality of nozzles can be spread over a larger area of the surface of the component, in particular on different sides of the component, against the component which has previously been brought completely to the austenitizing temperature, for example in an oven aim, whereby the nozzles of the nozzle sticks are adjustable in their jet direction, jet directions adapted to the respective profile can be selected, which enable accelerated cooling over the entire cross-section to the transition temperature and maintenance at the transition temperature. In view of the relatively irregular cross-section of switch parts, the desired cooling characteristics can be achieved through the nozzles adjustable in their jet direction even with different profile shapes over the entire profile cross-section, with the nozzles also advantageously being designed to be throttled in order to achieve the most uniform possible temperature distribution over the To achieve cross section of the irregular component.

Zur Erzielung unterschiedlicher Strahlcharakteristiken sind die Düsen mit Vorteil lösbar mit dem Düsenstock verbunden, wobei ein Austausch einzelner Düsen beispielsweise zum Zwecke der Einstellung der gewünschten Preßluftmenge je Düse er­folgen kann.In order to achieve different jet characteristics, the nozzles are advantageously releasably connected to the nozzle assembly, and individual nozzles can be exchanged, for example for the purpose of setting the desired amount of compressed air per nozzle.

Eine besonders gut an unterschiedliche Querschnittsprofile anpaßbare Einrichtung wird dadurch geschaffen, daß die Düsen als Bohrungen in ballige, insbesondere kugelige Auflage­flächen aufweisenden Düsenkörpern ausgebildet sind, und daß die balligen, insbesondere kugeligen Auflageflächen gegen ballige und/oder hohlkonische Sitzflächen des Düsenstockes preßbar sind, wobei die Kühlmittelzufuhr in den Sitzflächen des Düsenstockes mündet. Bei derartigen Ausbildungen kann die Sitzfläche der Düsenkörper mit einen beispielsweise kugeligen Düsenkörper übergreifenden Rändern ausgebildet werden, so daß der Halt der Düsenkörper durch Eindrücken in die ballige Sitzfläche unmittelbar erzielt wird. Durch Verdrehen der Achse der Düse in ihrem Sitz im Düsenstock läßt sich die Strahlrichtung in einfacher Weise beeinflussen und wenn ein Düsenkörper mit asymmetrischem Düsenquerschnitt gewählt wird, läßt sich durch Verdrehen des Düsenkörpers, beispielsweise um 180°, eine völlig andere Strahlcharakteristik erzielen. Die eine der beiden Seiten kann hiebei beispielsweise als weich­strahlende Düse und die andere nach Verdrehen um 180° zur Wirkung gelangende Düsenseite als engstrahlende Düse ausge­bildet sein.A device which can be adapted particularly well to different cross-sectional profiles is created in that the nozzles are designed as bores in spherical nozzle bodies, in particular spherical bearing surfaces, and in that the spherical, in particular spherical bearing surfaces can be pressed against spherical and / or hollow-conical seat surfaces of the nozzle assembly, the Coolant supply flows into the seat surfaces of the nozzle assembly. In such designs, the seat surface of the nozzle body can be formed with edges that overlap, for example, spherical nozzle body, so that the nozzle body is directly held by being pressed into the spherical seat surface. By rotating the axis of the nozzle in its seat in the nozzle assembly, the direction of the jet can be influenced in a simple manner and if a nozzle body with an asymmetrical nozzle cross section is selected, can be achieved by turning the nozzle body, for example by 180 °, a completely different jet characteristic. One of the two sides can be designed, for example, as a soft-jet nozzle and the other, after turning through 180 °, the nozzle side which takes effect as a narrow-jet nozzle.

Zur besseren Regelung der Kühlmittelzufuhr ist die Ausbildung mit Vorteil so getroffen, daß die Düsenstöcke jeweils wenig­stens eine Kühlmittelzuführungsleitung aufweisen, in welche ein Regelventil eingeschaltet ist.For better control of the coolant supply, the design is advantageously made such that the nozzle assemblies each have at least one coolant supply line, into which a control valve is switched on.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen Fig.1 eine schematische perspek­tivische Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung; Fig.2 eine Detail einer Festlegung einer Düse am Düsenstock und Fig.3 den Festigkeitstiefenverlauf, welcher mit der erfin­dungsgemäßen Einrichtung nach Fig.1 und 2 durch Behandlung des gesamten Profilquerschnittes eines Weichenteiles erziel­bar ist.The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the device according to the invention; 2 shows a detail of a fixation of a nozzle on the nozzle assembly and FIG. 3 shows the strength depth profile which can be achieved with the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 and 2 by treating the entire profile cross section of a switch part.

In Fig.1 sind mit 1 zwei Düsenstöcke bezeichnet, an deren Kühlmittelzuleitung jeweils gesonderte Regelventile 2 ange­schlossen sind. Der zu behandelnde Weichenteil ist mit 3 bezeichnet und wird, nachdem er in einem Ofen über seinen gesamten Querschnitt auf Austenitisierungstemperatur gebracht wurde, auf die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung gemäß Fig.1 aufgelegt. Über die Düsenstöcke 1 wird Preßluft eingepreßt, welche gegen den Weichenteil 3 über Düsen 4 ausgestoßen wird.In Figure 1, 1 denotes two nozzle assemblies, to the coolant supply of which separate control valves 2 are connected. The switch part to be treated is designated 3 and, after being brought to the austenitizing temperature over its entire cross section in an oven, is placed on the device according to the invention according to FIG. Compressed air is injected via the nozzle assemblies 1 and is expelled against the switch part 3 via nozzles 4.

Bei der Darstellung nach Fig.2 ist eine derartige Düse 4 vergrößert dargestellt. Die Düse 4 ist in einem Sitzteil 5 rastend aufgenommen, welcher eine ballige Sitzfläche 6 aufweist. Die Düse 4 ist als Bohrung 7 in einem kugeligen Düsenkörper 8 vorgesehen und kann in der balligen Aufnahme bzw. Sitzfläche 6 des Sitzteiles 5 verdreht werden, so daß die Achse 9 der Strahlrichtung der Düse verstellbar ist. Durch Verdrehen der Achse 9 im Sinne des Teiles 10 um 180° gelangt der konisch sich erweiternde Teil 11 des Düsenkörpers 8 nach außen, so daß auf diese Weise ein weiches Ausströmen bewirkt wird. In der dargestellten Position des Düsenkörpers 8 tritt über die Bohrung 7 ein vergleichsweise harter Strahl aus. Die ballig Sitzfläche 6 des Sitzkörpers 5 geht in einen konischen Trichter 12 über, in dessen Grund die Zuführungs­leitung 13 für das Kühlmittel mündet. Der Sitzteil 5 kann beispielsweise mittels des Gewindes 14 am Düsenstock 1 gemäß Fig.1 festgelegt werden.Such a nozzle 4 is shown enlarged in the illustration according to FIG. The nozzle 4 is latched in a seat part 5, which has a spherical seat 6. The nozzle 4 is provided as a bore 7 in a spherical nozzle body 8 and can be rotated in the spherical seat 6 of the seat part 5 so that the axis 9 of the jet direction of the nozzle is adjustable. By rotating the axis 9 in the sense of part 10 by 180 °, the conically widening part 11 of the nozzle body 8 reaches the outside, so that a soft outflow is effected in this way. In the position of the nozzle body 8 shown, a comparatively hard jet emerges through the bore 7. The spherical seat 6 of the seat body 5 merges into a conical funnel 12, in the bottom of which the supply line 13 for the coolant opens. The seat part 5 can be fixed, for example, by means of the thread 14 on the nozzle assembly 1 according to FIG. 1.

Durch entsprechende Verstellung der Achse 9 des Düsenkörpers 8 läßt sich die Richtung und die Strahlcharakteristik der Düse verstellen, wobei eine Mehrzahl derartiger Düsen in den Düsenstöcken 1 enthalten ist.The direction and the jet characteristics of the nozzle can be adjusted by correspondingly adjusting the axis 9 of the nozzle body 8, a plurality of such nozzles being contained in the nozzle assemblies 1.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand eines mit einer Einrichtung nach Fig.1 und 2 durchgeführten Ausführungs­beispieles näher erläutert, wobei die erzielten Festigkeits­eigenschaften in Fig.3 illustriert sind.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment carried out with a device according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the strength properties achieved being illustrated in FIG.

Ausführungsbeispiele:Examples:

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Naturharte bzw. auf bessere Zerspanbarkeit geglühte Baufteile aus Schienenstählen mit der Analyse

Figure imgb0001
wurden in einem Wärmebehandlungsofen auf Austenitisierungs­temperatur 840-860°C gebracht und sodann mittels einer Einrichtung nach Fig.1 und 2 unter Anwendung von Preßluft (ca. 7 atü) beschleunigt auf Umwandlungstemperatur 450-650°C gebracht. Die Temperaturmessung erfolgte mittels Milliskop bzw. Anlegethermometer. Durch entsprechende Einstellung der Preßluftdüsen bezüglich Strahlrichtung und Strahlquerschnitt wurde eine gleichmäßige Gefügeausbildung über die unter­schiedlichen Querschnittsformen der Weichenteile und ebenso eine für die vollständige Umwandlung in die Perlitstufe notwendige Haltezeit durch die im Bauteilkern vorhandene Restwärme gewährleistet. Nach erfolgter Umwandlung erfolgte die weitere Abkühlung an ruhender Luft bzw. durch ein Ab­schreckmedium wie H₂O oder Öl. Durch besondere Anordnung der Preßluftaustrittsbohrungen konnte die Abkühlungs­geschwindigkeit so gesteuert werden, daß sich ein allmäh­licher Festigkeitsabfall zu den Anschweißenden der Bauteile einstellte. Da die Radüberlaufsbauteile wie z.B. Herzstück­spitze und Flügelschienen in der Regel mit Schienen von 880 N/mm² Mindestfestigkeit verschweißt werden, bietet dies den Vorteil eines allmählichen Festigkeitsübergangses, womit keine Dellenbildung, die bei einem abrupten Festigkeitssprung entsteht, mehr auftreten kann.Natural hard or machined parts made of rail steels with analysis
Figure imgb0001
 were brought to austenitizing temperature 840-860 ° C in a heat treatment furnace and then accelerated to a transformation temperature of 450-650 ° C by means of a device according to Fig. 1 and 2 using compressed air (approx. 7 atm). The temperature was measured using a milliscope or contact thermometer. Appropriate adjustment of the compressed air nozzles with regard to the jet direction and jet cross-section ensured a uniform structure across the different cross-sectional shapes of the switch parts and also a holding time necessary for the complete conversion to the pearlite stage due to the residual heat present in the component core. After the conversion had taken place, the mixture was cooled further in still air or by a quenching medium such as H₂O or oil. Through a special arrangement of the compressed air outlet bores, the cooling rate could be controlled in such a way that a gradual decrease in strength occurred at the welding ends of the components. Since the wheel overflow components, such as the centerpiece tip and wing rails, are usually welded with rails of 880 N / mm² minimum strength, this offers the advantage of a gradual change in strength, with which no dents, which result from an abrupt jump in strength, can occur.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Es wurden Herzstückspitzen aus 50 Cr V 4 W.Nr. 1.8159 mit der Analyse

Figure imgb0002
vollständig in einem Wärmebehandlungsofen bei 860° austeni­tisiert.Centerpiece tips made of 50 Cr V 4 W.Nr. 1.8159 with the analysis
Figure imgb0002
 fully austenitized in a heat treatment furnace at 860 °.

Anschließend erfolgte eine beschleunigte Abkühlung mittels Preßluft (7 atü) über die Preßluftverteiler und die Preßluft­austrittsbohrungen auf 570°C. Die Umwandlungstemperatur wurde mittels Anlegethermometer gemessen. Es stellte sich eine Abkühlgeschwindigkeit im Bereich von 800°C bis 500°C von 0,5°C - 1°C/sek. ein.This was then accelerated by means of compressed air (7 atm) via the compressed air distributors and the compressed air outlet bores to 570 ° C. The transition temperature was measured using a contact thermometer. There was a cooling rate in the range of 800 ° C to 500 ° C from 0.5 ° C - 1 ° C / sec. a.

Nach erfolgter Umwandlung in die Perlitstufe wurden die Bauteile an ruhender Luft auf Raumtemperatur weiter abge­kühlt.After conversion to the pearlite stage, the components were cooled to room temperature in still air.

Über den gesamten Bauteilquerschnitt wurde feinlamellarer Perlit festgestellt, wobei der Abstand der Zementitlamellen zum Bauteilkern hin geringfügig zunahm.Fine-lamellar pearlite was found over the entire component cross-section, the distance between the cementite lamellae and the component core increasing slightly.

Weiteres wurden also Oberflächenfestigkeit 1190-1330 N/mm² (ermittelt aus HB 30) und bei der Zugversuch-Auswertung als Mittelwerte (Zugproben entnommen 10 mm unter Oberfläche) die nachfolgenden Werte im Vergleich zu üblichen vergüteten Stählen ermittelt:

Figure imgb0003
Der Festigkeitstiefenverlauf ist in Fig.3 dargestellt.Furthermore, surface strength 1190-1330 N / mm² (determined from HB 30) and in the tensile test evaluation as mean values (tensile samples taken 10 mm below the surface), the following values were determined in comparison to conventional tempered steels:
Figure imgb0003
 The strength depth curve is shown in Fig.3.

Der Vergleich mit dem vergüteten Werkstoff derselben Festig­keitsstufe zeigt, daß der feinperlitisierte Werkstoff wesent­lich höherer Zähigkeitswerte aufweist.A comparison with the tempered material of the same strength level shows that the finely pearlized material has significantly higher toughness values.

Claims (5)

1. Einrichtung zur gesteuerten Wärmebehandlung von Weichen­teilen aus Stahl mit welcher nach einer Erwärmung auf Austenitisierungstemperatur, insbesondere 840-860°C, eine beschleunigte Abkühlung auf eine Umwandlungstemperatur zwischen 450°C und 650°C unter Anwendung eines gasförmigen und/oder flüssigen Kühlmittels, vorgenommen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei Düsenstöcke (1) mit einer Mehrzahl von in ihrer Stahlrichtung verstellbaren Düsen (4) vorgesehen sind.1. Device for the controlled heat treatment of switch parts made of steel with which after heating to austenitizing temperature, in particular 840-860 ° C, accelerated cooling to a transition temperature between 450 ° C and 650 ° C using a gaseous and / or liquid coolant characterized in that at least two nozzle assemblies (1) with a plurality of nozzles (4) adjustable in their steel direction are provided. 2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsen (4) zusätzlich drosselbar ausgebildet sind.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles (4) are additionally designed to be throttled. 3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Düsen (4) lösbar mit dem Düsenstock (1) ver­bunden sind.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nozzles (4) are detachably connected to the nozzle assembly (1). 4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Düsen (4) als Bohrungen (7) in ballige, insbesondere kugelige Auflageflächen aufweisenden Düsen­körpern (8) ausgebildet sind, und daß die balligen, insbeson­dere kugeligen, Auflageflächen gegen ballige und/oder hohl­konische Sitzfläche (6) des Düsenstockes (1) preßbar sind, wobei die Kühlmittelzufuhr in den Sitzflächen (6) des Düsen­stockes (1) mündet.4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the nozzles (4) are designed as bores (7) in spherical, in particular spherical support surfaces having nozzle bodies (8), and that the spherical, in particular spherical, support surfaces against spherical and / or hollow-conical seat surface (6) of the nozzle assembly (1) can be pressed, the coolant supply opening into the seat surfaces (6) of the nozzle assembly (1). 5. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsenstöcke (1) jeweils wenigstens eine Kühlmittelzuführungsleitung (13) aufweisen, in welche ein Regelventil (2) eingeschaltet ist.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nozzle assemblies (1) each have at least one coolant supply line (13), in which a control valve (2) is switched on.
EP19870890068 1986-05-22 1987-04-08 Apparatus for the controlled thermal treatment of railroad-switch components Expired - Lifetime EP0247021B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AT137186A AT384624B (en) 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 DEVICE FOR CONTROLLED HEAT TREATMENT OF SOFT PARTS
AT1371/86 1986-05-22

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EP0924003A2 (en) * 1997-12-18 1999-06-23 VOEST-ALPINE Industrieanlagenbau GmbH Cooling device for cooling a moving hot metal strip
EP2573194A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2013-03-27 Scientific Manufacturing Enterprise Tomsk Electronic Company, Ltd. Method and device for heat treating rails
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KR20230170028A (en) * 2021-05-31 2023-12-18 에스엠에스 그룹 게엠베하 Forced air cooling unit for cooling long steel products

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CN103898303A (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-02 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Heat treatment method of turnout rail and turnout rail
CN103898303B (en) * 2012-12-31 2016-06-08 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 The heat treatment method of a kind of turnout rail and turnout rail

Also Published As

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DE3774931D1 (en) 1992-01-16
EP0247021A3 (en) 1988-09-07
ATA137186A (en) 1987-05-15
EP0247021B1 (en) 1991-12-04
AT384624B (en) 1987-12-10

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