EP0246373A1 - Fuel injection apparatus - Google Patents
Fuel injection apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0246373A1 EP0246373A1 EP86303903A EP86303903A EP0246373A1 EP 0246373 A1 EP0246373 A1 EP 0246373A1 EP 86303903 A EP86303903 A EP 86303903A EP 86303903 A EP86303903 A EP 86303903A EP 0246373 A1 EP0246373 A1 EP 0246373A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- control valve
- fuel injection
- injection apparatus
- quantity control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 219
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 219
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 34
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 34
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002305 electric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/042—The valves being provided with fuel passages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
- F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
- F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0614—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armature
- F02M51/0617—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armature having two or more electromagnets
- F02M51/0621—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armature having two or more electromagnets acting on one mobile armature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
- F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
- F02M51/0682—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0696—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the use of movable windings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/06—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle or plug shaped extensions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/161—Means for adjusting injection-valve lift
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
- F02M63/0007—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using electrically actuated valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M69/048—Injectors peculiar thereto having variable fuel outlets, e.g. controlled by a valve actuated by operator
Definitions
- the conventional Diesel engine has a fuel injection pump for injecting fuel into each of the cylinders.
- the fuel injection pump pumps the fuel and supplies it to the fuel injector which has an injecting nozzle.
- a timer is provided on a cam shaft of the fuel injection pump for controlling the timing of the fuel injection.
- the injection pump also requires a mechanical governor, which is connected to a control rack of the pump for regulating the quantity of fuel injected at one time, and to thereby ensure the supply of a suitable quantity of fuel to the engine in response to the condition thereof.
- the conventional fuel injection apparatus includes a fuel injection pump, a mechanical governor and a timer, which are all comprised of complex mechanical structures, thus making the fuel injection apparatus very expensive. Furthermore, these complex apparatus require highly skilled maintenance. Moreover, the conventional fuel injection apparatus is not suitable for electric control by a microcomputer or the like. Additionally in using the conventional apparatus, it is very difficult to control the pattern of fuel injection, and more specifically it is very difficult to decrease the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection. Therefore the engine generates noises and contains a greate deal of nitrogen oxide in the much exhaust gas of the engine.
- One object of this invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive fuel injection apparatus.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a fuel injection apparatus which does not require highly skilled maintenance.
- a further object of this invention is to provide a fuel injection apparatus which is completely electrically controlled.
- a fuel injection apparatus wherein the fuel is pressed and supplied to the fuel injector, the fuel is then injected through the injection hole of the injector in the form of mist, and the injector includes a quantity control valve for regulating the effective area of the injection hole and an actuator for moving or displacing the quantity control valve, the quantity of fuel in the initial injection period being decreased by the actuator and the quantity control valve.
- Fig.1 shows a first embodiment of the fuel injection apparatus according to this invention.
- the Diesel engine 110 includes a cylinder 111 which receives a piston 112 slidably. The top of the cylinder 111 is closed by a cylinder head 113.
- the cylinder head 113 is provided with an injector 114 for injecting fuel into the cylinder 111.
- the fuel injected from the injector 114 is ignited by the air because the air is compressed and the temperature is raised, causing combustion and generating torque.
- the fuel injector 114 is connected to an accumulator 116 by a fuel feed pipe 115.
- the accumulator 116 has a piston 117 which is pushed by a coil spring 118. Accordingly, the fuel in the accumulator 116 is pushed and held under pressure by the spring 118. Furthermore, the accumulator 116 is connected to a fuel tank 119 by a feed pipe 121, which is connected to a high pressure feed pump 120.
- the fuel injection apparatus shown in Fig.1 also includes a microcomputer 122 for controlling the injector 114.
- the microcomputer 122 is connected to a revolution detecting sensor 123 for detecting the revolutional number of engine 110 and a load sensor 124 for detecting the load of the engine 110. Additionally, a pressure sensor 125 for detecting the pressure of the fuel in the accumulator 116 is connected to the microcomputer 122.
- the microcomputer 122 controls an actuator 126 for controlling the quantity of fuel and an actuator 127 for controlling a timing of the injection. These actuators 126 and 127 are provided on the fuel injector 114.
- the injector 114 includes a body 130 and a nozzle 131 which is secured at the bottom of the body 130 by a sleeve 132.
- the nozzle 131 receives a nozzle needle 133 slidably in the axial direction.
- a reservoir 136 for communicating with a passage 134 of the body 130 and the passage 135 of the nozzle 131. The fuel in the reservoir 136 pushes and moves the nozzle needle 133 upward in the axial direction.
- the upper end of the nozzle needle 133 contacts the bottom end of a push rod 137.
- the push rod 137 is received in the body 130 and is slidably supported in the axial direction.
- a spring seat 138 is formed on the upper end of the push rod 137 and the seat 138 receives the lower end of a coil spring 139.
- the top end of the spring 139 is received by a spring seat 140 provided inside the body 130.
- the actuator 126 for controlling the quantity of fuel.
- the actuator 126 includes a coil 141 and a rotor 142 which is rotatablly supported inside the coil 141.
- a through hole 143 with a female thread is formed at the center of the rotor 142, and a male thread formed on the peripheral surface of a stopper 144 engages the female thread.
- a longitudinal slot 145 is formed on the stopper 144, and the slot 145 receives a pin 146 which is secured on the spring seat 140 to prevent the rotation and to permit the axial displacement of the stopper 144.
- valve member 147 provided on the fuel injector 114.
- the valve member 147 is slidably supported in a casing 148.
- the valve member 147 is opened by the magnetic force of a coil 149.
- the valve member 147 is pushed to the closed position by a coil spring 150 held in the casing 148.
- a suck valve 151 is formed at the top of the valve member 147. The suck valve 151 closes before the valve member 147 closes to suck the fuel in the passages 134 and 135 and the reservoir 136, thereby resulting a sharp decrease in fuel.
- a quantity control valve 152 will be described in accordance with Fig.3 and Fig.4.
- a small column is formed at the top of the nozzle needle 133 and the column constitutes a control valve 152.
- On the peripheral surface of the controlvalve 152 are formed oblong slots 154 which coincide with the injection hole of the nozzle 131, and the oblong slot 154 is communicating with a slot 155 for feeding fuel.
- a through hole 156 is formed at the center of the quantity control valve 152, and the fuel in the top end of the nozzle body 131 and the top of the control valve 152 is relieved through the hole 156.
- the fuel in the fuel tank 119 is sucked by the high pressure feed pump 120 and the fuel is pumped and pushed into the accumulator 116.
- the pressure of the fuel in the accumulator 116 is detected by the pressure sensor 125 and the information of the detected value is supplied to the microcomputer 122.
- the microcomputer 122 controls the feed pump 120 in response to the detected pressure. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the pressure of the fuel in the accumulator 116 substantially constant, and the fuel is held under the predetermined pressure.
- the fuel is supplied to the injector 114 through the fuel feed pipe 115 and injected through the injection hole 153 when the valve member 147 is opened by the timing control actuator 127.
- the quantity of fuel injected per unit time is controlled by the quantity control valve 152 which is controlled by the quantity control actuator 126.
- the microcomputer 122 reads in the number of revolutions and the load of the engine 110 through the revolution detecting sensor 123 and the load sensor 124.
- the microcomputer 122 also reads in various conditions existing at the moment. These conditions include a demand for increased fuel for cranking, a demand for constant speed revolution, a demand for a constant speed running or the like. Based on these informations, the microcomputer 122 calculates a suitable quantity of fuel to be injected, and based on this calculation the microcomputer 122 calculates the appropriate size of the injection hole 153. In response to this calculation the microcomputer 122 supplies a control signal to the actuator 126 for controlling the quantity of fuel. Thus the actuator 126 operates a quantity control.
- the actuator 126 is provided with a coil 141 which constitutes a stepping motor, and the coil 141 is energized in response to the control signal from the microcomputer 122 causing the rotor 142 to rotate.
- the rotor 142 has a through hole 143 with female thread at the center thereof, and the female thread is engaged with a male thread formed on the peripheral serface of the stopper 144, and further the stopper 144 is prevented from rotation by the pin 146 which is received by the longitudinal slot 145 of the stopper 144. Accordingly, the stopper 144 displaces axially when the electric current is supplied to the coil 141 and the rotor 142 is rotated. Thus a gap S between the bottom of the stopper 144 and the top of the spring seat 138 is regulated.
- the stopper 144 defines or limits the upward displacement of the push rod 137, and as in the case shown in Fig.2, the push rod 137 is permitted to displace upward in the stroke S . Furthermore, as the bottom end of the push rod 137 contacts with the nozzle needle 133, a displacement of the nozzle needle 133 is also limited to the stroke S . Accordingly, the microcomputer 122 controls the stroke of the upward displacement of the nozzle needle 133 through the quantity control actuator 126. That is, when the timing valve 147 is opened, the compressed fuel is supplied to the reservoir 136 through the valve 147 and passages 134 and 135, and the nozzle needle 133 moves upward against the coil spring 139 by the pressure of the fuel. The stroke of the nozzle needle 133 is S in this case.
- the quantity control valve 152 is integrally formed at the top end of the nozzle needle 133, as shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4, and the oblong slot 154 and feeding slot 155 are formed on the peripheral surface of the quantity control valve 152.
- the oblong slot 154 partially coincides with the injection hole 153 when the nozzle needle 133 moves upward. Therefore, in this case the effective area of the injection hole 153 is very small and the quantity of the fuel injected per unit time is also small.
- the microcomputer 122 also calculates the time duration of injection after the above mentioned control operation.
- the microcomputer 122 reads in the angular position of the crank shaft of the engine 110 through the revolution detecting sensor 123, and then the microcomputer 122 generates a signal for opening the valve 147 at the proper moment.
- the coil 149 of the timing actuator 127 is energized and the valve 147 is opened against the coil spring 150.
- the compressed fuel is then supplied to the top of the injector 114 through the fuel feed pipe 115 and the casing 148 of the valve 147.
- Fig.8 shows an injection pattern of this embodiment.
- the feature of this pattern is a square shape.
- the width of the square pattern or the length along the horizontal or time axis represents the time duration that the valve 147 is open.
- the height of the square pattern along the vertical axis substantially represents the effective area of the injection hole 153. Therefore, various types of injection patterns are accomplished by the combination of the time duration the valve 147 is open and the effective area of the injection hole 153.
- the standard pattern is shown by the solid line in Fig.8.
- Another pattern shown by a chain line in Fig.8 is obtained when the effective area of the injection hole is narrrowed and the time duration is delayed.
- a pattern shown by dotted line in Fig.8 is obtained when the time duration is short and the effective area of the injection hole 153 is enlarged. Furthermore, when the injection pattern is moved along the time axis, the fuel injection is advanced or delayed to control the injection timing.
- the quantity control valve 152 is separated from the nozzle needle 133 and the movement of the quantity control valve 152 is in dependent of the nozzle needle 133. That is, the quantity control valve 152 is connected to a connecting rod 160, and the rod 160 passes through the through hole 161 formed on the center of the nozzle needle 133. The top of the connecting rod 160 is connected to the out-put shaft 144 of the quantity control actuator 126.
- the structure of the out-put shaft 144 is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the male thread formed on the peripheral surface thereof engages the female thread 143 of the rotor 142, and the longitudinal slot 145 of the shaft 144 receives a pin 146 secured on the spring seat 140 to prevent the rotation of the shaft 144.
- the rotor 142 rotates when the coil 141 is energized in response to the control signal from the microcomputer.
- the revolutional movement of the rotor 142 is transformed to an axial movement of the out-put shaft 144.
- This movement is transmitted to the quantity control valve 152 by the connecting rod 160, which thereby displaces the quantity control valve 152 axially to the predetermined position.
- the area of the injection hole 153 then coincides with the oblong slot 154 of the quantity control valve 152, thereby regulating the effective area of the injection hole 153.
- the quantity control valve 152 stops in this position when the effective area of the injection hole 153 is controlled.
- the quantity control valve 152 does not move upward for every injection.
- the valve 152 stays in its still position when a quantity control operation is not performed, because the quantity control valve 152 is separate from the nozzle needle 133.
- the nozzle needle 133 moves from its initial position shown by the solid line in Fig.10, to the position shown by the chain line and the nozzle needle 133 is separated from the valve seat when the timing valve 147 is opened and compressed fuel is supplied to the reservoir 136. Therefore, the fuel is supplied through the slot 155 for feeding fuel and the oblong slot 154 of the quantity control valve 152, and the fuel is injected throgh the injection hole 153 in the form of mist.
- the rotor 142 rotates when the coil 141 is energized in response to the control signal of the microcomputer, and the rotation is transmitted to the quantity control valve 152 through the out-put shaft 144 and the connecting rod 160. Accordingly, the quantity of fuel injected per unit time is decreased when the coinciding area between the injection hole 153 and the oblong slot 154 is smaller as shown in Fig.13.
- the quantity of fuel per unit time is increased when the oblong slot 154 of the quantity control valve 152 substantially coincides with the injection hole 153 as shown in Fig.14.
- this kind of rotation type quantity control valve 152 it is possible to control the quantity of fuel per unit time by this kind of rotation type quantity control valve 152.
- various types of actuators will be used instead of the actuator 126 which is made of a stepping motor.
- fuel may be used as a driving liquid of the actuator.
- the nozzle needle 133 or the push rod 137 may be driven directly by the actuator 127 to regulate the supply of the fuel, instead of indirectly controlling the valve 147 by the timing control actuator 127.
- the oblong slot 154 and the feeding slot 155 may be replaced by openings or holes.
- the number of injection holes 153 may be controlled by the quantity control valve to regulate the effective area when the injector 114 has many injection holes 153.
- Fig.15 shows an overall composition of this embodiment which includes a fuel tank 201.
- the fuel in the tank 201 is sucked by a high pressure feed pump 202.
- the pump 202 is driven by a direct current motor 203 and the motor 203 is controlled by a microcomputer 205 through a drive circuit 204.
- the fuel pressed by a high pressure feed pump 202 is pushed into and stored in an accumlator 206.
- the accumulator 206 is connected to an injector 208 by means of a feed pipe 207.
- An injection nozzle 209 is provided at the end of the injector 208 and has a quantity control valve 210.
- the quantity control valve 210 is controlled by a control signal from the microcomputer 205.
- the injector 208 is provided on a cylinder head 213 which is fixed at the top of the cylinder 212 which receives slidably a piston 211.
- the injector 208 is comprised of a nozzle holder 216 which holds injection nozzle 209 by means of a retainer 217.
- a solenoid coil 218 is provided in the nozzle holder 216.
- a plunger 219 is connected to a quantity control valve 210 by a connecting rod 220.
- a spring seat 221 is provided at the top of the plunger 219 and receives a coil spring 222.
- the spring seat 221 has a rod 223 projecting upward therefrom and an abutting plate 224 is connected to the top of the rod 223.
- a stepping motor 225 is arranged in the nozzle holder 216.
- a rotor 226 of the stepping motor 225 has a center hole 227 with a female thread.
- the female thread of the through hole 227 is engaged with a male thread formed on a periphery of the sleeve 228.
- a stopper rod 229 is situated so that the rod 229 goes through the sleeve 228.
- the rod 229 is connected to a plunger 231 situated at the center of a solenoid coil 230.
- the plunger 231 is pushed downward by a coil spring 232 and hence the bottom end of the plunger 231 engages with a step 233 of the nozzle holder 216.
- the injection nozzle 209 has a quantity control valve 210 which is made of a cylinder, as shown in Fig.17 and Fig.18, and the valve 210 has control openings 236 which extend axially. Slits 237 are formed at the both sides of the oblong openings 236.
- the valve 210 is received inside the injection nozzle 209 so that the control opening 236 coincides with the injection hole 238 of the injection nozzle 209.
- valve seats 239 are located at the edge of the injection hole 238 and the quantity control valve 210 slides on the valve seat 239.
- the microcomputer 205 reads in the number of revolutions and the angular position of the engine through the revolution detecting sensor 240 and also reads in the load of engine through load sensor 241. Furthermore, the microcomputer 205 detects the pressure of the fuel in the accumulator 206 through the pressure sensor 242. The microcomputer 205 controls the motor 203 through the drive circuit 204 in order to maintain the pressure of fuel in the suitable value. The microcomputer 205 controls the solenoid coils 218, 230 and the stepping motor 225 in accordance with the flow chart shown in Fig.20 and gives the control valve 210 a stepping displacement, to thereby control the quantity of fuel injected at one time and also to open and close the injection hole 238 of the injection nozzle 209.
- the microcomputer 205 detects the number of revolutions and load of the engine through the revolution detecting sensor 240 and the load sensor 241, and based on these informations the microcomputer 205 calculates the quantity of fuel injected at one time. This quantity corresponds to the height b in the injection pattern shown in Fig.21. To obtain the calculated quantity, the microcomputer 205 drives the stepping motor 225 which rotates the rotor 226 to a predetermined angular position. Then the sleeve 228 moves axially because the male thread of the sleeve 228 engages with the female thread 227 of the rotor 226. Therefor the gap b between the bottom end of the sleeve 228 and the top surface of the abutting plate 224 is regulated, and the stepping motor 225 is controlled.
- the microcomputer 205 calculates the timing of the injection, and moves the valve 210 at the proper moment so that the control opening 236 and the injection hole 238 coincide.
- This operation starts fuel injection. That is, the microcomputer 205 energizes the solenoid coil 218 at the proper time. Then the plunger 219 moves upward against the coil spring 222 and the abutting plate 224 provided at the top of the rod 223 contacts with the stopper rod 229. Accordingly, the control valve 210 moves upwards in the stroke corresponding to the gap a between the abutting plate 224 and the stopper rod 229. Thus, the injection hole 238 is slightly opened. Hence it is possible to decrease the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection, and a pilot injection is accomplished by this operation.
- the stopper rod 229 which is connected to the plunger 231 is made of piezo electric material, the length of the rod 229 may be expandable to regulate the gap for controlling the quantity of fuel at the initial period of injection.
- the microcomputer 205 changes the fuel injection from pilot injection to main injection. That is, the microcomputer 205 energizes the solenoid coil 230 to displace upwardly the plunger 231 against the coil spring 232. Then the stopper rod 229 connected to the plunger 231 moves upward and is drawn inside the sleeve 228. Then the plunger 219 moves upwards until the abutting plate 224 comes in contact with the bottom end of the sleeve 228 because the plunger 219 is urged by the solenoid coil 218. As a result the quantity control valve 210 moves upwards with stepping displacement.
- the quantity control valve 210 moves upwards in the stroke b , thereby making the injection hole 238 wide open. Since the effective area of the injection hole 238 is proportionate to the stroke of the quantity control valve 210, the quantity of fuel injected is controlled by the quantity control valve 210. After the predetermined time has passed, the solenoid coils 218 and 230 are deenergized and the quantity control valve 210 is pushed downward by the coil spring 222. The quantity control valve 210 moves downward to a position where the control hole 236 does not coincide with the injection hole 238 for closing the injection hole 238. In this way, the fuel injection is terminated.
- the fuel injection apparatus of this embodiment does not require the use of a fuel injection pump, a mechanical governor or a mechanical timer. Furthermore, according to this embodiment it is possible to control the apparatus by the microcomputer 205, and ensure that a suitable quantity of fuel is injected at the proper time. Additionally, according to this arrangement, as injection pattern shown in Fig.21 is accomplished and it is possible to decrease the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection. Therefore, it becomes possible to decrease the noise of the engine and to decrease the quantity of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas.
- the injector 208 includes another stepping motor 245.
- a rotor 246 of the steppping motor 245 has a center hole 247 and the center hole is threaded with a female screw which is engaged with a male screw of the stopper rod 229.
- another solenoid coil 248 is provided under the solenoid coil 218.
- the stepping motor 225 regulates the gap b for controlling the quantity of the fuel of main injection.
- Another stepping motor 245 regulates the gap a for controlling the quantity of fuel in the pilot injection.
- the second solenoid coil 248 is energized, and the upward force is increased.
- the sleeve 246 of the stepping motor 245 which holds the stopper rod 229 moves upward against the coil spring 232 and the abutting plate 224 contacts with the bottom end of the sleeve 228 to displace the quantity control valve 210.
- the injection hole 238 is opened wide to accomplish the main injection of fuel.
- the quantity of fuel is increased at this moment and the stepping pattern shown in Fig.21 is accomplished as the above-mentioned second embodiment. Furthermore, by this modification it is possible to control the quantity of fuel of the pilot injection by the second stepping motor 245.
- FIG.23 and Fig.24 Another modification of the second embodiment is shown in Fig.23 and Fig.24.
- the feature of this modification is that a linear stepping motor is used for the axial displacement of the quantity control valve 210.
- the slider 252 of the motor 251 is connected to the quantity control valve 210 by the connecting rod 220.
- a pair of guide members 253 and 254 are provided to ensure a smooth displacement of the slider 252.
- the microcomputer 205 controls the linear stepping motor 251 for displacing the quantity control valve 210 resulting in the fuel injection pattern shown in Fig.24.
- a singular linear stepping motor 251 moves the quantity control valve 210 steppingly and hence it is possible to simplify the structure of the injector and minimize the number of the actuator 251. Furthermore, it is possible to omit the coil spring 222 when the return motion of the quantity control valve is also accomplished by the linear stepping motor 251. By this arrangement structure is more simplipfied.
- a moving coil 256 wound on a bobbin 255 is used for moving the quantity control valve 210. That is, the moving coil 256 constitutes the actuator for control valve 210.
- the moving coil 256 wound on the bobbin 255 is connected to the control valve 210 by the connecting rod 220.
- the moving coil 256 is located between a center pole 258 which is mounted at the top of a magnet 257 and an outside yoke 259. Upward or downward force is applied to the moving coil 256 by the principle of the voice coil of a dynamic speaker. The quantity control valve 210 is moved by this force.
- a position detecting sensor 260 is provided for holding the quantity control valve 210 at a predetermined position. That is, the position detecting sensor 260 detects the position of the valve 210 and supplies the signal to the microcomputer 205 for controlling the moving coil 256. Namely, a feed back control is accomplished by the position detecting sensor 260. Accordingly, it is possible to simplify the structure of the actuator and also it is possible to control the injection pattern voluntarily and precisely as shown in Fig.26 to accomplish an ideal combustion of fuel.
- Fig.27 shows still further modification of the second embodiment.
- the feature of this modification is that a relief valve 262 is provided for omitting the accumulator.
- the relief valve 262 is connected to the fuel feed pipe 207.
- a spring 263 of the valve 262 is controlled by the microcomputer 205 through an actuator 264 for controlling the relief pressure of the relief valve 262.
- the microcomputer 205 regulates the spring 263 through the actuator 264 in response to the pressure detecting sensor 242 to precisely control the pressure on which the relief valve 262 operates. Accordingly, it is possible to control the output pressure of the fuel feed pump 202 and to accomplish the fuel injection without an accumulator.
- the injection apparatus of this embodiment has a fuel tank 301, from which fuel is sucked by a high pressure feed pump 302.
- the pump 302 is driven by a direct current motor 303 and the motor 303 is controlled by a microcomputer 305 through a drive circuit 304.
- the fuel pumped by the feed pump 302 is pushed into and stored in an accumulator 306.
- the accumulator 306 is connected to an injector 308 by a fuel feed pipe 307.
- the fuel injector 308 has a timing valve 309 and a quantity control valve 310, both of which are controlled by the microcomputer 305.
- the injector 308 is held by a cylinder head 313 which is fixed at the top of the cylinder 312, and the cylinder 312 supports a piston 311 slidably therein.
- the fuel injector 308 is comprised of a nozzle holder 324 which holds a nozzle 326 by means of a retainer 325.
- a nozzle needle 327 is slidably received in the nozzle 326, and the top of the nozzle needle 327 contacts with a conical valve seat 328 to control the injection of the fuel.
- the top of the nozzle needle 327 contacts with a push rod 329, and the push rod 329 is urged by a coil spring 330.
- the top end of the spring 330 is received by a spring seat 331 which is held by the nozzle holder 324 by a screw.
- passages 332 and 333 are formed on the nozzle holder 324 and the nozzle body 326 respectively.
- the passage 333 of the nozzle 326 communicates with a reservoir 334.
- Fuel passage 332 of the nozzle holder 324 communicates with a connecting sleeve 335.
- the sleeve 335 holds the timing valve 309 slidably and a solenoid coil 336 which controlls the timing valve 309.
- the coil 336 moves the valve member 309 against the resilient force of a return spring 337.
- a quantity control mechanism is provided at the top of the nozzle 326 as shown in Fig.30 and 31.
- the mechanism includes a cylindrical piezo-electric element 338 which is held at the top of the nozzle 326.
- the cylindrical element 338 has a valve member 339.
- the element 338 is pushed upward by a coil spring 340 so that the valve member 339 contacts the step of the nozzle 326 and maintains the position.
- Control holes 341 are formed on the valve member 339.
- Injection hole 342 is located on the nozzle 326 to correspond with the control hole 341 of the valve member 339.
- valve member 339 moves axially in the nozzle 326 when electric voltage is applied on the piezo-electric element 338 and the voltage is changed.
- the effective area of the injection hole 342 is regulated by the control opening 341 of the valve member 339.
- the valve member 339 moves downward, the effective area of the injection hole is increased and the quantity of the fuel injected per unit time is increased.
- a microcomputer 305 reads in the revolutional number and the engine load through the revolution detecting sensor 345 and load sensor 346.
- the load sensor 346 detects the load of engine in response to the angular position of an accelator pedal.
- the microcomputer 305 calculates the timing of injection, quantity of fuel, and the injection pattern based on the above-mentioned informations.
- the microcomputor 305 then controls the timing valve 309 and the quantity control valve 310 in response to the calculation.
- Fig.32 shows one example of an injection pattern of this apparatus.
- An operation of the timing control valve 309 is shown a solid line and the operation of the quantity control valve 310 is shown by a chain line.
- a pile portion denoted by oblique lines shows an actual injection characteristic of this apparatus.
- the feature of this pattern is that the piezo-electric element 338 squeezes the area of the injection hole 342 by means of the valve member 339 for a predetermined time duration just after the time when the timing control valve 309 is opened, and this operation accomplishes the pilot injection.
- the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection is decreased.
- the piezo-electric element 338 moves the valve member 339 to open the injection hole widely and the fuel injection is changed over to main injection. According to this injection pattern, it is possible to decrease the engine noise and the amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas.
- Fig.33 and Fig.34 show a modification of this embodiment.
- the feature of this modification is that a differential gear apparatus 348 is used for driving the high pressure feed pump 302, instead of the direct current motor 303.
- the differential gear apparatus 348 is combined with an engine 347 and the revolutional number of the output of the apparatus is controlled by the direct current motor 303.
- a gear 349 takes out the torque of the engine 347 as shown in Fig.34 and the gear 349 is connected to a sun gear 350 which engages a planet gear 351.
- the planet gear 351 is supported by an arm 352.
- the arm 352 is fixed on the input shaft of the feed pump 302.
- the planet gear 351 supported by the arm 352 is engaged with an internal gear 353.
- the outside gear of the internal gear 353 is driven by a pinion 354 which is fixed on the output shaft of the motor 303.
- the torque of the engine 347 transmitted to the gear 349 is transformed to a rotation of a pair of planet gears 351 by means of the sun gear 350. Therefore, the planet gears 351 makes the internal gear 353 revolve.
- the revolution is transmitted to the feed pump 302 by means of the arm 352.
- the motor 303 drives the internal gear 353 through the pinion 354.
- the revolutional speed of the arm 352 is increased when the motor 303 drives the internal gear 353 in the plus direction, and decreased when rotated in the minus direction.
- the feed pump 302 may be made of plunger pump, vane pump, or the another kind of pump, and the feed pump may be made of a multistage pump to obtain the required out-put pressure.
- the quantity control valve 310 of the injector 308 constitutes not only the quantity control valve, but also the timing valve. That is, a column of piezo-electric element 338 is received in the nozzle holder 324 of the injector 308, and the bottom end of the column 338 is guided in the axial direction by a pair of projections 359 provided inside the nozzle holder 324.
- a cylindrical valve member 339 is connected to the piezo-electric element 338 by the connecting member 360 which has a feed hole 361 for feeding the fuel into the valve member 339.
- the piezo-electric element 338 has electrodes 362 which are connected to a drive circuit 363.
- the valve member 339 has control openings 341 as shown in Fig.36 and Fig.37, and the control openings 341 control the effective area of the injection hole 342 of the nozzle 326. Furthermore, the longitudinal slots 364 are formed on the valve member 339. The slots 364 serve to deform the valve member 339 for contacting with the valve seat 365 by the pressure of the fuel.
- the microcomputer 305 supplies a control signal to the drive circuit 363 to generate a pattern of voltage for the piezo-electric element 338 as shown in Fig.38 or Fig.39.
- the injection hole 342 is opened and the effective area of the injection hole 342 is controlled by the control opening 341 of the valve member 339. Specifically, it is possible to obtain an injection pattern of ideal or suitable combustion when the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection is decreased as shown in Fig.39.
- valve member 339 moves to such a position where the control opening 341 does not coincide with the injection hole 342 when the voltage is relieved.
- This operation makes it possible to omit the timing valve, because the valve member 339 performs not only the quantity control valve function but also the timing valve function. Also, it is not necessary to use a timing control valve made of a solenoid valve.
- the valve member 339 is pressed on the valve seat 365 of the nozzle 326 by the pressure of the fuel, and by this arrangement it is possible to close the injection hole securely. The closing operation is well aided by the slits 364 which serves to deform the valve member 339.
- Fig.40 shows an injector 408 of this embodiment, which includes a nozzle holder 416.
- a nozzle 409 is connected to the bottom of the nozzle holder 416 by the retainer 417.
- a pair of bimorph plates are arranged parallel and longitudinally in the nozzle holder 416.
- a rod 419 is secured with an adjusting screw 420 and the rod 419 has a bracket 421 which supports the top ends of a pair of bimorph plates rotatably.
- the lower ends of a pair of bimorph plates 418 are connected rotatably to a bracket 422, and the bracket 422 is connected to the quantity control vavle 410 by a connecting rod 423.
- the quantity control valve 410 is cylindrical as shown in Fig.41 and Fig.42 and has control openings 424 or of oblong openings and longitudinal slots 425 at the both sides of the control openings 424.
- the quantity control valve 410 is arranged inside the nozzle 409 so that the control openings 424 coincides with the injection hole 426 of the nozzle 409.
- the valve member 410 slides axially on the valve seat 427 formed on the internal peripheral surface of the nozzle 409 with an injection hole 426.
- the microcomputer 405 On operation the microcomputer 405 reads in the revolutional number and the angular position of the engine through a revolution detecting sensor, and the engine load through a load sensor. The microcomputer 405 also reads in the pressure of the fuel held in the accumulator(not shown) by a pressure sensor. The microcomputer 405 then controls the pump, through the motor to maintain the pressure of the fuel in a suitable value. The microcomputer 405 also controls a pair of bimorph plates 418 for displacing the quantity control valve 410 to thereby control the quantity of fuel injected at one time. The control valve 410 opens and closes the injection hole 426 of the nozzle 409.
- the microcomputer 405 reads in the revolutional number and the load of the engine, and then calculates the timing of the injection, the quantity of fuel, and the injection pattern based on the above-mentioned informations. Resulting with these calculations, the microcomputer 405 controls the drive circuit 433 which controls the voltage applied on the bimorph plates 418.
- the bimorph plates 418 deform as shown by the chain line in Fig.40 when electric voltage is applied.
- the pair of bimorph plates 418 deform in such a manner that intermediate portions of these plates 418 are separated from each other.
- the lower bracket 422 moves upward. This movement is transmitted to the quantity control valve 410 by the rod 423.
- the control opening 424 controls the effective area of the injection hole 426, thus performing the quantity control operation.
- the quantity control valve 410 has sufficient stroke to close the injection hole 426. Therefor, the quantity control valve 410 not only controls the quantity of fuel but also controls the opening and closing of the injection hole 426. Furthermore, the injection pattern is controlled when the voltage applied on the bimorph plate 418 is controlled. More specifically, when the quantity of fuel at the initial stage of the fuel injection is decreased, it is possible to decrease the engine noise and amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas.
- the control of fuel quantity, the injection timing, and the injection pattern are all accomplished by the quantity control valve 410 associated with a pair of bimorph plates 418. Furthermore, the control valve 410 is pressed against the valve seat 427 by the pressure of the fuel through the longitudinal slots 425 to accomplish perfect sealing operation when this quantity control valve 410 displace to the position where the injection hole 426 is closed.
- Fig.44 shows a single bimorph plate 418 for displacing the quantity control valve 410.
- the bimorph plate 418 is disposed horizontally.
- One end of the plate 418 has a bracket 422 which is connected to an oblong opening 437 of a supporting bracket 436 by means of a pin 438 for permitting the deformation of the bimorph plate 418 in the shape of arch.
- FIG.45 Another modification is shown in Fig.45, in which a singular bimorph plate 418 is used and one end of the plate 418 is fixed. The free end of the plate 418 is connected to the quantity control valve 410 by a connecting rod 423. According to this arrangement, the mechanism for supporting the bimorph plate 418 is more simplified and hence the structure of the injector is simple.
- FIG.46 A further modification is shown in Fig.46 to Fig.48.
- an injection hole 426 is formed on the bottom or top plate 446 of the nozzle 409 and a valve seat 427 is located at the internal edge of the injection hole 426.
- a segmental quantity control valve 410 is arranged on the valve seat 427 and is rotatably supported by a pin 447. The top of the valve 410 is connected to the top end of the bimorph plate 418 through engage members 448.
- the quantity control valve 410 rotates around the pin 447 when electric voltage is applied on the bimorph plate 418 because the bimorph plate 418 is connected to the quantity control valve 410 by engage members 448.
- the effective area of the injection hole 426 is changed by the control opening 424 of the quantity control valve 410 to accomplish an operation of quantity control.
- the injection of the fuel is terminated when the valve 410 rotates to a position where the control openings 424 do not coincide with the injection hole 426. For this reason, it is possible to have the valve 410 constitute not only a quantity control valve but also a timing control valve.
- FIG.49 A further modification is shown in Fig.49.
- This modification includes a relief valve 441 so that an accumulator can be omitted.
- the relief valve 441 is connected to a feed pipe 407 for fuel.
- the spring 442 for controlling the relief pressure of the relief valve 441 is controlled by a microcomputer 405 through an actuator 443.
- the microcomputer 405 regulates the deformation of the spring 442 through the actuator 443 in response to the output signal of the pressure sensor 432 to control the pressure on which the relief valve 441 operates.
- an actuator of monomorph plate may be used instead of the bimorph plate in the last embodiment, and further magnetostrictive elements may be used for the actuator to control the displacement of the quantity control valve instead of the piezo-electric element.
- a various materials may be used for the nozzle or the injector, and the nozzle may be made of ceramic materials for protecting the quantity control valve or the piezo-electric element.
- this invention may be applied not only to the fuel injection apparatus of a Diesel engine but also to a gasoline engine when the pressure of the fuel is reduced.
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Abstract
Description
- This invention generally relates to a fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine, and more particularly, this invention is intended to, but not limited to a fuel injection apparatus for a compression ignition engine or a Diesel engine.
- The conventional Diesel engine has a fuel injection pump for injecting fuel into each of the cylinders. The fuel injection pump pumps the fuel and supplies it to the fuel injector which has an injecting nozzle. A timer is provided on a cam shaft of the fuel injection pump for controlling the timing of the fuel injection. The injection pump also requires a mechanical governor, which is connected to a control rack of the pump for regulating the quantity of fuel injected at one time, and to thereby ensure the supply of a suitable quantity of fuel to the engine in response to the condition thereof.
- In sum, the conventional fuel injection apparatus includes a fuel injection pump, a mechanical governor and a timer, which are all comprised of complex mechanical structures, thus making the fuel injection apparatus very expensive. Furthermore, these complex apparatus require highly skilled maintenance. Moreover, the conventional fuel injection apparatus is not suitable for electric control by a microcomputer or the like. Additionally in using the conventional apparatus, it is very difficult to control the pattern of fuel injection, and more specifically it is very difficult to decrease the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection. Therefore the engine generates noises and contains a greate deal of nitrogen oxide in the much exhaust gas of the engine.
- One object of this invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive fuel injection apparatus.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a fuel injection apparatus which does not require highly skilled maintenance.
- A further object of this invention is to provide a fuel injection apparatus which is completely electrically controlled.
- Still further object of this invention is to provide a fuel injection apparatus, in which the quantity of fuel is decreased during the initial fuel injection period in order to decrease the engine noise and nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas.
- In accordance with one aspect of this invention, is provided a fuel injection apparatus wherein the fuel is pressed and supplied to the fuel injector, the fuel is then injected through the injection hole of the injector in the form of mist, and the injector includes a quantity control valve for regulating the effective area of the injection hole and an actuator for moving or displacing the quantity control valve, the quantity of fuel in the initial injection period being decreased by the actuator and the quantity control valve.
- The above, and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments which are to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
- Fig.1 is a block diagram of the fuel injection apparatus according to the first embodiment;
- Fig.2 is a cross section of the injector shown in Fig.1;
- Fig.3 is a perspective view of an enlarged quantity control valve of the injector;
- Fig.4 is a cross section of the injection nozzle;
- Fig.5 is a front view of an oblong slot formed on the quantity control valve;
- Fig.6 is a front view of the oblong slot which substantially coincides with the injection hole;
- Fig.7 is a flow chart of the operation of the injection apparatus;
- Fig.8 is a diagram of the injection pattern according to this embodiment;
- Fig.9 is a cross section of a modified injector;
- Fig.10 is an enlarged cross section of the injection nozzle;
- Fig.11 is a cross section of another modified injector;
- Fig.12 is an enlarged perspective view of the quantity control valve of the injector shown in Fig.11;
- Fig.13 is a front view of the slot formed on the injection control valve;
- Fig.14 is a front view of the slot which substantially coincides with the injection hole;
- Fig.15 is a block diagram of the fuel injection apparatus according to the second embodiment of this invention;
- Fig.16 is a cross section of the injector according to this embodiment;
- Fig.17 is a perspective view of the quantity control valve of this injector;
- Fig.18 is a cross section of the quantity control valve of the injector;
- Fig.19 is a front view of a control opening formed on the quantity control valve;
- Fig.20 is a flow chart of the operation of this injection apparatus;
- Fig.21 is a diagram of the injection pattern of the fuel injection apparatus according to this embodiment;
- Fig.22 is a cross section of an injector of the modified embodiment;
- Fig.23 is a cross section of the injector according to another modification;
- Fig.24 is a fuel injection pattern according to the modified injector;
- Fig.25 is a cross section of the injector according to another modification;
- Fig.26 is a fuel injection pattern according to the injector of Fig.25;
- Fig.27 is a block diagram of a modified fuel injection apparatus;
- Fig.28 is a block diagram of a fuel injectionapparatus according to the third embodiment of this invention;
- Fig.29 is a cross section of the injector according to this embodiment;
- Fig.30 is an enlarged cross section of the injector;
- Fig.31 is a perspective view of the quantity control valve;
- Fig.32 is a diagram of the injection pattern according to this embodiment;
- Fig.33 is a block diagram of a modified pump drive system of this embodiment;
- Fig.34 is a gearing diagram of the modified embodiment;
- Fig.35 is a cross section of a modified injector;
- Fig.36 is a perspective view of the quantity control valve;
- Fig.37 is a cross section of the quantity control valve;
- Fig.38 is a diagram of an injection pattern of this modified embodiment;
- Fig.39 is another diagram of an injection pattern of this modified embodiment;
- Fig.40 is a cross section of an injector according to the fourth embodiment of this invention;
- Fig.41 is a perspective view of the quantity control valve of this embodiment;
- Fig.42 is an enlarged cross section of the fuel control valve;
- Fig.43 is a front view of an oblong opening formed on the quantity control valve;
- Fig.44 is a front view of a modified actuator for the quantity control valve;
- Fig.45 is a front view of another modified actuator;
- Fig.46 is a block diagram of a modified injection system;
- Fig.46 is a perspective view of another modified embodiment;
- Fig.47 is a side view of the modified embodiment;
- Fig.48 is a front view of the modified embodiment; and
- Fig.49 is a block diagram of a further modified system with a relief valve.
- Described below are the embodiments of this invention in accordance with the accompanying drawings. Fig.1 shows a first embodiment of the fuel injection apparatus according to this invention. The
Diesel engine 110 includes acylinder 111 which receives apiston 112 slidably. The top of thecylinder 111 is closed by acylinder head 113. Thecylinder head 113 is provided with aninjector 114 for injecting fuel into thecylinder 111. The fuel injected from theinjector 114 is ignited by the air because the air is compressed and the temperature is raised, causing combustion and generating torque. - The
fuel injector 114 is connected to anaccumulator 116 by afuel feed pipe 115. Theaccumulator 116 has apiston 117 which is pushed by acoil spring 118. Accordingly, the fuel in theaccumulator 116 is pushed and held under pressure by thespring 118. Furthermore, theaccumulator 116 is connected to a fuel tank 119 by afeed pipe 121, which is connected to a highpressure feed pump 120. - The fuel injection apparatus shown in Fig.1 also includes a
microcomputer 122 for controlling theinjector 114. Themicrocomputer 122 is connected to arevolution detecting sensor 123 for detecting the revolutional number ofengine 110 and aload sensor 124 for detecting the load of theengine 110. Additionally, apressure sensor 125 for detecting the pressure of the fuel in theaccumulator 116 is connected to themicrocomputer 122. Themicrocomputer 122 controls anactuator 126 for controlling the quantity of fuel and anactuator 127 for controlling a timing of the injection. Theseactuators fuel injector 114. - Next, the structure of the
fuel injector 114 will be described. As shown in Fig.2, theinjector 114 includes abody 130 and anozzle 131 which is secured at the bottom of thebody 130 by asleeve 132. Thenozzle 131 receives anozzle needle 133 slidably in the axial direction. Additionally in thisnozzle 131, is formed areservoir 136 for communicating with apassage 134 of thebody 130 and thepassage 135 of thenozzle 131. The fuel in thereservoir 136 pushes and moves thenozzle needle 133 upward in the axial direction. - The upper end of the
nozzle needle 133 contacts the bottom end of apush rod 137. Thepush rod 137 is received in thebody 130 and is slidably supported in the axial direction. Aspring seat 138 is formed on the upper end of thepush rod 137 and theseat 138 receives the lower end of acoil spring 139. The top end of thespring 139 is received by aspring seat 140 provided inside thebody 130. - In the
body 130 and on thespring seat 140, is provided theactuator 126 for controlling the quantity of fuel. Theactuator 126 includes acoil 141 and arotor 142 which is rotatablly supported inside thecoil 141. A throughhole 143 with a female thread is formed at the center of therotor 142, and a male thread formed on the peripheral surface of astopper 144 engages the female thread. Further, alongitudinal slot 145 is formed on thestopper 144, and theslot 145 receives apin 146 which is secured on thespring seat 140 to prevent the rotation and to permit the axial displacement of thestopper 144. - Next, will be described a
valve member 147 provided on thefuel injector 114. Thevalve member 147 is slidably supported in acasing 148. Thevalve member 147 is opened by the magnetic force of acoil 149. Thevalve member 147 is pushed to the closed position by acoil spring 150 held in thecasing 148. Asuck valve 151 is formed at the top of thevalve member 147. Thesuck valve 151 closes before thevalve member 147 closes to suck the fuel in thepassages reservoir 136, thereby resulting a sharp decrease in fuel. - Next, a
quantity control valve 152 will be described in accordance with Fig.3 and Fig.4. A small column is formed at the top of thenozzle needle 133 and the column constitutes acontrol valve 152. On the peripheral surface of thecontrolvalve 152 are formedoblong slots 154 which coincide with the injection hole of thenozzle 131, and theoblong slot 154 is communicating with aslot 155 for feeding fuel. Furthermore, a throughhole 156 is formed at the center of thequantity control valve 152, and the fuel in the top end of thenozzle body 131 and the top of thecontrol valve 152 is relieved through thehole 156. - Next, an operation of the fuel injection apparatus according to this embodiment will be described. The fuel in the fuel tank 119 is sucked by the high
pressure feed pump 120 and the fuel is pumped and pushed into theaccumulator 116. The pressure of the fuel in theaccumulator 116 is detected by thepressure sensor 125 and the information of the detected value is supplied to themicrocomputer 122. Themicrocomputer 122 controls thefeed pump 120 in response to the detected pressure. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the pressure of the fuel in theaccumulator 116 substantially constant, and the fuel is held under the predetermined pressure. The fuel is supplied to theinjector 114 through thefuel feed pipe 115 and injected through theinjection hole 153 when thevalve member 147 is opened by thetiming control actuator 127. - The quantity of fuel injected per unit time is controlled by the
quantity control valve 152 which is controlled by thequantity control actuator 126. - As specifically shown in Fig.7, the
microcomputer 122 reads in the number of revolutions and the load of theengine 110 through therevolution detecting sensor 123 and theload sensor 124. Themicrocomputer 122 also reads in various conditions existing at the moment. These conditions include a demand for increased fuel for cranking, a demand for constant speed revolution, a demand for a constant speed running or the like. Based on these informations, themicrocomputer 122 calculates a suitable quantity of fuel to be injected, and based on this calculation themicrocomputer 122 calculates the appropriate size of theinjection hole 153. In response to this calculation themicrocomputer 122 supplies a control signal to theactuator 126 for controlling the quantity of fuel. Thus theactuator 126 operates a quantity control. - Namely, the
actuator 126 is provided with acoil 141 which constitutes a stepping motor, and thecoil 141 is energized in response to the control signal from themicrocomputer 122 causing therotor 142 to rotate. Therotor 142 has a throughhole 143 with female thread at the center thereof, and the female thread is engaged with a male thread formed on the peripheral serface of thestopper 144, and further thestopper 144 is prevented from rotation by thepin 146 which is received by thelongitudinal slot 145 of thestopper 144. Accordingly, thestopper 144 displaces axially when the electric current is supplied to thecoil 141 and therotor 142 is rotated. Thus a gap S between the bottom of thestopper 144 and the top of thespring seat 138 is regulated. - The
stopper 144 defines or limits the upward displacement of thepush rod 137, and as in the case shown in Fig.2, thepush rod 137 is permitted to displace upward in the stroke S. Furthermore, as the bottom end of thepush rod 137 contacts with thenozzle needle 133, a displacement of thenozzle needle 133 is also limited to the stroke S. Accordingly, themicrocomputer 122 controls the stroke of the upward displacement of thenozzle needle 133 through thequantity control actuator 126. That is, when thetiming valve 147 is opened, the compressed fuel is supplied to thereservoir 136 through thevalve 147 andpassages nozzle needle 133 moves upward against thecoil spring 139 by the pressure of the fuel. The stroke of thenozzle needle 133 is S in this case. - The
quantity control valve 152 is integrally formed at the top end of thenozzle needle 133, as shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4, and theoblong slot 154 and feedingslot 155 are formed on the peripheral surface of thequantity control valve 152. In a case that the stroke of upward displacement of thenozzle needle 133 is small, as shown in Fig.5, theoblong slot 154 partially coincides with theinjection hole 153 when thenozzle needle 133 moves upward. Therefore, in this case the effective area of theinjection hole 153 is very small and the quantity of the fuel injected per unit time is also small. In comparison, when the stroke of upward displacement of thenozzle needle 133 is long, as shown in Fig.6, theoblong slot 154 substantially fully coincides with theinjection hole 153, and the effective area of theinjection hole 153 is very large. Hence, in this case the quantity of fuel injected per unit time is very great. Accordingly, themicrocomputer 122 controls theactuator 126 which controls the axial position of thestopper 144, and by thisstopper 144 regulates the stroke of thenozzle needle 133. Hence, the portion of the length or the area of theslot 154 which coincides with theinjection hole 153 is varied or regulated, and hence the effective area of the injection hole is regulated to control the quantity of fuel. - As shown in Fig.7, the
microcomputer 122 also calculates the time duration of injection after the above mentioned control operation. Themicrocomputer 122 reads in the angular position of the crank shaft of theengine 110 through therevolution detecting sensor 123, and then themicrocomputer 122 generates a signal for opening thevalve 147 at the proper moment. In response to the opening signal, thecoil 149 of thetiming actuator 127 is energized and thevalve 147 is opened against thecoil spring 150. The compressed fuel is then supplied to the top of theinjector 114 through thefuel feed pipe 115 and thecasing 148 of thevalve 147. After the abovementioned time duration has passed, themicrocomputer 122 generates a closing signal, and in response to this signal thecoil 149 of theactuator 127 is deenergized. Accordingly, thecoil spring 150 closes thevalve 147. Additionally, thesuck valve 151 is closed prior to the closing of thevalve 147, and hence the pressure of the fuel in thepassages reservoir 136 is suddenly decreased. For this reason, the injection of the fuel is accurately terminated. - Fig.8 shows an injection pattern of this embodiment. The feature of this pattern is a square shape. The width of the square pattern or the length along the horizontal or time axis represents the time duration that the
valve 147 is open. On the contrary, the height of the square pattern along the vertical axis substantially represents the effective area of theinjection hole 153. Therefore, various types of injection patterns are accomplished by the combination of the time duration thevalve 147 is open and the effective area of theinjection hole 153. The standard pattern is shown by the solid line in Fig.8. Another pattern shown by a chain line in Fig.8 is obtained when the effective area of the injection hole is narrrowed and the time duration is delayed. In comparison, a pattern shown by dotted line in Fig.8 is obtained when the time duration is short and the effective area of theinjection hole 153 is enlarged. Furthermore, when the injection pattern is moved along the time axis, the fuel injection is advanced or delayed to control the injection timing. - Next, will be described a modified embodiment with reference to Fig.9 and Fig.10. In the modification, the corresponding portions identical to those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and a description of aspect that have the same construction as those in the first embodiment will be omitted. In the modification, the
quantity control valve 152 is separated from thenozzle needle 133 and the movement of thequantity control valve 152 is in dependent of thenozzle needle 133. That is, thequantity control valve 152 is connected to a connectingrod 160, and therod 160 passes through the throughhole 161 formed on the center of thenozzle needle 133. The top of the connectingrod 160 is connected to the out-putshaft 144 of thequantity control actuator 126. The structure of the out-putshaft 144 is the same as in the first embodiment. The male thread formed on the peripheral surface thereof engages thefemale thread 143 of therotor 142, and thelongitudinal slot 145 of theshaft 144 receives apin 146 secured on thespring seat 140 to prevent the rotation of theshaft 144. - Accordingly, by this modification, the
rotor 142 rotates when thecoil 141 is energized in response to the control signal from the microcomputer. The revolutional movement of therotor 142 is transformed to an axial movement of the out-putshaft 144. This movement is transmitted to thequantity control valve 152 by the connectingrod 160, which thereby displaces thequantity control valve 152 axially to the predetermined position. The area of theinjection hole 153 then coincides with theoblong slot 154 of thequantity control valve 152, thereby regulating the effective area of theinjection hole 153. Thequantity control valve 152 stops in this position when the effective area of theinjection hole 153 is controlled. - According to this modification, the
quantity control valve 152 does not move upward for every injection. Thevalve 152 stays in its still position when a quantity control operation is not performed, because thequantity control valve 152 is separate from thenozzle needle 133. Accordingly, thenozzle needle 133 moves from its initial position shown by the solid line in Fig.10, to the position shown by the chain line and thenozzle needle 133 is separated from the valve seat when thetiming valve 147 is opened and compressed fuel is supplied to thereservoir 136. Therefore, the fuel is supplied through theslot 155 for feeding fuel and theoblong slot 154 of thequantity control valve 152, and the fuel is injected throgh theinjection hole 153 in the form of mist. - Another modification of the embodiment will be described with reference to Fig.11 to Fig.14. In this modification, the same reference numerals as above will be denoted for the corresponding portions and descriptions of similar constructions will be omitted. The feature of this modification is that the
slot 154 of thequantity control valve 152 for controlling theinjection hole 153 extends in a circular direction, and the effective area of theinjection hole 153 is controlled by the rotation of thequantity control valve 152. Therotor 142 of theactuator 126 for controlling quantity is connected to the out-putshaft 144, and the out-put movement of theactuator 126 is accomplished by the rotation of theshaft 144. The top end of theshaft 144 is connected to thequantity control valve 152 by the connectingrod 160. - By the arrangement of this modification, the
rotor 142 rotates when thecoil 141 is energized in response to the control signal of the microcomputer, and the rotation is transmitted to thequantity control valve 152 through the out-putshaft 144 and the connectingrod 160. Accordingly, the quantity of fuel injected per unit time is decreased when the coinciding area between theinjection hole 153 and theoblong slot 154 is smaller as shown in Fig.13. - Conversely, the quantity of fuel per unit time is increased when the
oblong slot 154 of thequantity control valve 152 substantially coincides with theinjection hole 153 as shown in Fig.14. Thus, it is possible to control the quantity of fuel per unit time by this kind of rotation typequantity control valve 152. - In the above-mentioned embodiment or the modifications of the embodiment, various types of actuators will be used instead of the
actuator 126 which is made of a stepping motor. Also, fuel may be used as a driving liquid of the actuator. Furthermore, thenozzle needle 133 or thepush rod 137 may be driven directly by theactuator 127 to regulate the supply of the fuel, instead of indirectly controlling thevalve 147 by thetiming control actuator 127. Still further, theoblong slot 154 and thefeeding slot 155 may be replaced by openings or holes. Moreover, the number of injection holes 153 may be controlled by the quantity control valve to regulate the effective area when theinjector 114 has many injection holes 153. - Next, will be described the second embodiment of this invention. Fig.15 shows an overall composition of this embodiment which includes a
fuel tank 201. The fuel in thetank 201 is sucked by a highpressure feed pump 202. Thepump 202 is driven by a directcurrent motor 203 and themotor 203 is controlled by amicrocomputer 205 through adrive circuit 204. The fuel pressed by a highpressure feed pump 202 is pushed into and stored in anaccumlator 206. - The
accumulator 206 is connected to aninjector 208 by means of afeed pipe 207. Aninjection nozzle 209 is provided at the end of theinjector 208 and has aquantity control valve 210. Thequantity control valve 210 is controlled by a control signal from themicrocomputer 205. Theinjector 208 is provided on acylinder head 213 which is fixed at the top of thecylinder 212 which receives slidably apiston 211. - The construction of the
injector 208 is shown in Fig.16. Theinjector 208 is comprised of anozzle holder 216 which holdsinjection nozzle 209 by means of aretainer 217. Asolenoid coil 218 is provided in thenozzle holder 216. Aplunger 219 is connected to aquantity control valve 210 by a connectingrod 220. Aspring seat 221 is provided at the top of theplunger 219 and receives acoil spring 222. Thespring seat 221 has arod 223 projecting upward therefrom and anabutting plate 224 is connected to the top of therod 223. - A stepping
motor 225 is arranged in thenozzle holder 216. Arotor 226 of the steppingmotor 225 has acenter hole 227 with a female thread. The female thread of the throughhole 227 is engaged with a male thread formed on a periphery of thesleeve 228. Astopper rod 229 is situated so that therod 229 goes through thesleeve 228. Therod 229 is connected to aplunger 231 situated at the center of asolenoid coil 230. Theplunger 231 is pushed downward by acoil spring 232 and hence the bottom end of theplunger 231 engages with astep 233 of thenozzle holder 216. - The
injection nozzle 209 has aquantity control valve 210 which is made of a cylinder, as shown in Fig.17 and Fig.18, and thevalve 210 hascontrol openings 236 which extend axially.Slits 237 are formed at the both sides of theoblong openings 236. Thevalve 210 is received inside theinjection nozzle 209 so that the control opening 236 coincides with theinjection hole 238 of theinjection nozzle 209. On the internal peripheral surface of theinjection nozzle 209,valve seats 239 are located at the edge of theinjection hole 238 and thequantity control valve 210 slides on thevalve seat 239. - On operation, the
microcomputer 205 reads in the number of revolutions and the angular position of the engine through therevolution detecting sensor 240 and also reads in the load of engine throughload sensor 241. Furthermore, themicrocomputer 205 detects the pressure of the fuel in theaccumulator 206 through thepressure sensor 242. Themicrocomputer 205 controls themotor 203 through thedrive circuit 204 in order to maintain the pressure of fuel in the suitable value. Themicrocomputer 205 controls the solenoid coils 218, 230 and the steppingmotor 225 in accordance with the flow chart shown in Fig.20 and gives the control valve 210 a stepping displacement, to thereby control the quantity of fuel injected at one time and also to open and close theinjection hole 238 of theinjection nozzle 209. - Thus, the
microcomputer 205 detects the number of revolutions and load of the engine through therevolution detecting sensor 240 and theload sensor 241, and based on these informations themicrocomputer 205 calculates the quantity of fuel injected at one time. This quantity corresponds to the height b in the injection pattern shown in Fig.21. To obtain the calculated quantity, themicrocomputer 205 drives the steppingmotor 225 which rotates therotor 226 to a predetermined angular position. Then thesleeve 228 moves axially because the male thread of thesleeve 228 engages with thefemale thread 227 of therotor 226. Therefor the gap b between the bottom end of thesleeve 228 and the top surface of theabutting plate 224 is regulated, and the steppingmotor 225 is controlled. - Then the
microcomputer 205 calculates the timing of the injection, and moves thevalve 210 at the proper moment so that the control opening 236 and theinjection hole 238 coincide. This operation starts fuel injection. That is, themicrocomputer 205 energizes thesolenoid coil 218 at the proper time. Then theplunger 219 moves upward against thecoil spring 222 and theabutting plate 224 provided at the top of therod 223 contacts with thestopper rod 229. Accordingly, thecontrol valve 210 moves upwards in the stroke corresponding to the gap a between theabutting plate 224 and thestopper rod 229. Thus, theinjection hole 238 is slightly opened. Hence it is possible to decrease the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection, and a pilot injection is accomplished by this operation. When thestopper rod 229 which is connected to theplunger 231 is made of piezo electric material, the length of therod 229 may be expandable to regulate the gap for controlling the quantity of fuel at the initial period of injection. - After the predetermined time duration from the start of the injection, the
microcomputer 205 changes the fuel injection from pilot injection to main injection. That is, themicrocomputer 205 energizes thesolenoid coil 230 to displace upwardly theplunger 231 against thecoil spring 232. Then thestopper rod 229 connected to theplunger 231 moves upward and is drawn inside thesleeve 228. Then theplunger 219 moves upwards until theabutting plate 224 comes in contact with the bottom end of thesleeve 228 because theplunger 219 is urged by thesolenoid coil 218. As a result thequantity control valve 210 moves upwards with stepping displacement. - Accordingly, the
quantity control valve 210 moves upwards in the stroke b, thereby making theinjection hole 238 wide open. Since the effective area of theinjection hole 238 is proportionate to the stroke of thequantity control valve 210, the quantity of fuel injected is controlled by thequantity control valve 210. After the predetermined time has passed, the solenoid coils 218 and 230 are deenergized and thequantity control valve 210 is pushed downward by thecoil spring 222. Thequantity control valve 210 moves downward to a position where thecontrol hole 236 does not coincide with theinjection hole 238 for closing theinjection hole 238. In this way, the fuel injection is terminated. - The fuel injection apparatus of this embodiment does not require the use of a fuel injection pump, a mechanical governor or a mechanical timer. Furthermore, according to this embodiment it is possible to control the apparatus by the
microcomputer 205, and ensure that a suitable quantity of fuel is injected at the proper time. Additionally, according to this arrangement, as injection pattern shown in Fig.21 is accomplished and it is possible to decrease the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection. Therefore, it becomes possible to decrease the noise of the engine and to decrease the quantity of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas. - Next, a modification of the second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig.22. The feature of this modification is that the
injector 208 includes another steppingmotor 245. Arotor 246 of thesteppping motor 245 has acenter hole 247 and the center hole is threaded with a female screw which is engaged with a male screw of thestopper rod 229. Additionally, anothersolenoid coil 248 is provided under thesolenoid coil 218. - On operation, the stepping
motor 225 regulates the gap b for controlling the quantity of the fuel of main injection. Another steppingmotor 245 regulates the gap a for controlling the quantity of fuel in the pilot injection. At the proper moment thesolenid coil 218 is energized to displace theplunger 219 to a position where theabutting plate 224 contacts with thestopper rod 229 by the force of thecoil 218. Theinjection hole 238 is then slightly opened by the control opening 236 of thevalve 210 to accomplish the pilot injection. - After the predetermined time has passed the
second solenoid coil 248 is energized, and the the upward force is increased. As a result, thesleeve 246 of the steppingmotor 245 which holds thestopper rod 229 moves upward against thecoil spring 232 and theabutting plate 224 contacts with the bottom end of thesleeve 228 to displace thequantity control valve 210. In this way theinjection hole 238 is opened wide to accomplish the main injection of fuel. The quantity of fuel is increased at this moment and the stepping pattern shown in Fig.21 is accomplished as the above-mentioned second embodiment. Furthermore, by this modification it is possible to control the quantity of fuel of the pilot injection by thesecond stepping motor 245. - Another modification of the second embodiment is shown in Fig.23 and Fig.24. The feature of this modification is that a linear stepping motor is used for the axial displacement of the
quantity control valve 210. Theslider 252 of themotor 251 is connected to thequantity control valve 210 by the connectingrod 220. A pair ofguide members slider 252. Themicrocomputer 205 controls thelinear stepping motor 251 for displacing thequantity control valve 210 resulting in the fuel injection pattern shown in Fig.24. - According to this arrangement, a singular
linear stepping motor 251 moves thequantity control valve 210 steppingly and hence it is possible to simplify the structure of the injector and minimize the number of theactuator 251. Furthermore, it is possible to omit thecoil spring 222 when the return motion of the quantity control valve is also accomplished by thelinear stepping motor 251. By this arrangement structure is more simplipfied. - Next, another modification will be described with reference to Fig.25 and Fig.26. In this modification, a moving
coil 256 wound on abobbin 255 is used for moving thequantity control valve 210. That is, the movingcoil 256 constitutes the actuator forcontrol valve 210. The movingcoil 256 wound on thebobbin 255 is connected to thecontrol valve 210 by the connectingrod 220. The movingcoil 256 is located between acenter pole 258 which is mounted at the top of amagnet 257 and anoutside yoke 259. Upward or downward force is applied to the movingcoil 256 by the principle of the voice coil of a dynamic speaker. Thequantity control valve 210 is moved by this force. Aposition detecting sensor 260 is provided for holding thequantity control valve 210 at a predetermined position. That is, theposition detecting sensor 260 detects the position of thevalve 210 and supplies the signal to themicrocomputer 205 for controlling the movingcoil 256. Namely, a feed back control is accomplished by theposition detecting sensor 260. Accordingly, it is possible to simplify the structure of the actuator and also it is possible to control the injection pattern voluntarily and precisely as shown in Fig.26 to accomplish an ideal combustion of fuel. - Fig.27 shows still further modification of the second embodiment. The feature of this modification is that a
relief valve 262 is provided for omitting the accumulator. Therelief valve 262 is connected to thefuel feed pipe 207. Aspring 263 of thevalve 262 is controlled by themicrocomputer 205 through anactuator 264 for controlling the relief pressure of therelief valve 262. Themicrocomputer 205 regulates thespring 263 through theactuator 264 in response to thepressure detecting sensor 242 to precisely control the pressure on which therelief valve 262 operates. Accordingly, it is possible to control the output pressure of thefuel feed pump 202 and to accomplish the fuel injection without an accumulator. - Next, a third embodiment of this invention will be described with reference to Fig.28 to Fig.32. The injection apparatus of this embodiment has a
fuel tank 301, from which fuel is sucked by a highpressure feed pump 302. Thepump 302 is driven by a directcurrent motor 303 and themotor 303 is controlled by amicrocomputer 305 through adrive circuit 304. The fuel pumped by thefeed pump 302 is pushed into and stored in anaccumulator 306. - The
accumulator 306 is connected to aninjector 308 by afuel feed pipe 307. Thefuel injector 308 has atiming valve 309 and aquantity control valve 310, both of which are controlled by themicrocomputer 305. Theinjector 308 is held by acylinder head 313 which is fixed at the top of thecylinder 312, and thecylinder 312 supports apiston 311 slidably therein. - As shown in Fig.29 the
fuel injector 308 is comprised of anozzle holder 324 which holds anozzle 326 by means of aretainer 325. Anozzle needle 327 is slidably received in thenozzle 326, and the top of thenozzle needle 327 contacts with aconical valve seat 328 to control the injection of the fuel. Additionally, the top of thenozzle needle 327 contacts with apush rod 329, and thepush rod 329 is urged by acoil spring 330. The top end of thespring 330 is received by aspring seat 331 which is held by thenozzle holder 324 by a screw. - Still further,
passages nozzle holder 324 and thenozzle body 326 respectively. Thepassage 333 of thenozzle 326 communicates with areservoir 334.Fuel passage 332 of thenozzle holder 324 communicates with a connectingsleeve 335. Thesleeve 335 holds thetiming valve 309 slidably and asolenoid coil 336 which controlls thetiming valve 309. Thecoil 336 moves thevalve member 309 against the resilient force of areturn spring 337. - A quantity control mechanism is provided at the top of the
nozzle 326 as shown in Fig.30 and 31. The mechanism includes a cylindrical piezo-electric element 338 which is held at the top of thenozzle 326. Thecylindrical element 338 has avalve member 339. Theelement 338 is pushed upward by acoil spring 340 so that thevalve member 339 contacts the step of thenozzle 326 and maintains the position. Control holes 341 are formed on thevalve member 339.Injection hole 342 is located on thenozzle 326 to correspond with thecontrol hole 341 of thevalve member 339. - Accordingly, the
valve member 339 moves axially in thenozzle 326 when electric voltage is applied on the piezo-electric element 338 and the voltage is changed. By this operation the effective area of theinjection hole 342 is regulated by the control opening 341 of thevalve member 339. When thevalve member 339 moves downward, the effective area of the injection hole is increased and the quantity of the fuel injected per unit time is increased. - An operation of the apparatus according to this embodiment will be described. A
microcomputer 305 reads in the revolutional number and the engine load through therevolution detecting sensor 345 andload sensor 346. Theload sensor 346 detects the load of engine in response to the angular position of an accelator pedal. Themicrocomputer 305 calculates the timing of injection, quantity of fuel, and the injection pattern based on the above-mentioned informations. Themicrocomputor 305 then controls thetiming valve 309 and thequantity control valve 310 in response to the calculation. - Fig.32 shows one example of an injection pattern of this apparatus. An operation of the
timing control valve 309 is shown a solid line and the operation of thequantity control valve 310 is shown by a chain line. Accordingly, a pile portion denoted by oblique lines shows an actual injection characteristic of this apparatus. The feature of this pattern is that the piezo-electric element 338 squeezes the area of theinjection hole 342 by means of thevalve member 339 for a predetermined time duration just after the time when thetiming control valve 309 is opened, and this operation accomplishes the pilot injection. Thus, the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection is decreased. After the predetermined time has passed, the piezo-electric element 338 moves thevalve member 339 to open the injection hole widely and the fuel injection is changed over to main injection. According to this injection pattern, it is possible to decrease the engine noise and the amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas. - Fig.33 and Fig.34 show a modification of this embodiment. The feature of this modification is that a
differential gear apparatus 348 is used for driving the highpressure feed pump 302, instead of the directcurrent motor 303. Thedifferential gear apparatus 348 is combined with anengine 347 and the revolutional number of the output of the apparatus is controlled by the directcurrent motor 303. - More specifically, a
gear 349 takes out the torque of theengine 347 as shown in Fig.34 and thegear 349 is connected to asun gear 350 which engages aplanet gear 351. Theplanet gear 351 is supported by anarm 352. Thearm 352 is fixed on the input shaft of thefeed pump 302. Theplanet gear 351 supported by thearm 352 is engaged with aninternal gear 353. The outside gear of theinternal gear 353 is driven by apinion 354 which is fixed on the output shaft of themotor 303. - Accordingly, the torque of the
engine 347 transmitted to thegear 349 is transformed to a rotation of a pair of planet gears 351 by means of thesun gear 350. Therefore, the planet gears 351 makes theinternal gear 353 revolve. The revolution is transmitted to thefeed pump 302 by means of thearm 352. Themotor 303 drives theinternal gear 353 through thepinion 354. The revolutional speed of thearm 352 is increased when themotor 303 drives theinternal gear 353 in the plus direction, and decreased when rotated in the minus direction. Furthermore, it is possible to stop thepump 302 by themotor 333. Therefore, it is possible to obtain torque from theengine 347 and control the number of revolutions of thefeed pump 302 by themotor 303. Thefeed pump 302 may be made of plunger pump, vane pump, or the another kind of pump, and the feed pump may be made of a multistage pump to obtain the required out-put pressure. - Next, another modification of the embodiment will be described with reference to Fig.35 to Fig.39. The feature of this modification is that the
quantity control valve 310 of theinjector 308 constitutes not only the quantity control valve, but also the timing valve. That is, a column of piezo-electric element 338 is received in thenozzle holder 324 of theinjector 308, and the bottom end of thecolumn 338 is guided in the axial direction by a pair ofprojections 359 provided inside thenozzle holder 324. Acylindrical valve member 339 is connected to the piezo-electric element 338 by the connectingmember 360 which has afeed hole 361 for feeding the fuel into thevalve member 339. The piezo-electric element 338 haselectrodes 362 which are connected to adrive circuit 363. - The
valve member 339 hascontrol openings 341 as shown in Fig.36 and Fig.37, and thecontrol openings 341 control the effective area of theinjection hole 342 of thenozzle 326. Furthermore, thelongitudinal slots 364 are formed on thevalve member 339. Theslots 364 serve to deform thevalve member 339 for contacting with thevalve seat 365 by the pressure of the fuel. - On operation the
microcomputer 305 supplies a control signal to thedrive circuit 363 to generate a pattern of voltage for the piezo-electric element 338 as shown in Fig.38 or Fig.39. As the voltage applied on the piezo-electric element 338 is substantially proportional to the stroke of thevalve member 339, theinjection hole 342 is opened and the effective area of theinjection hole 342 is controlled by the control opening 341 of thevalve member 339. Specifically, it is possible to obtain an injection pattern of ideal or suitable combustion when the quantity of fuel at the initial period of the injection is decreased as shown in Fig.39. - Furthermore, in this modification, the
valve member 339 moves to such a position where the control opening 341 does not coincide with theinjection hole 342 when the voltage is relieved. This operation makes it possible to omit the timing valve, because thevalve member 339 performs not only the quantity control valve function but also the timing valve function. Also, it is not necessary to use a timing control valve made of a solenoid valve. Additionally thevalve member 339 is pressed on thevalve seat 365 of thenozzle 326 by the pressure of the fuel, and by this arrangement it is possible to close the injection hole securely. The closing operation is well aided by theslits 364 which serves to deform thevalve member 339. - Next, will be described the fourth embodiment of this invention with reference to Fig.40 to Fig.43. Fig.40 shows an
injector 408 of this embodiment, which includes anozzle holder 416. Anozzle 409 is connected to the bottom of thenozzle holder 416 by theretainer 417. A pair of bimorph plates are arranged parallel and longitudinally in thenozzle holder 416. Arod 419 is secured with an adjustingscrew 420 and therod 419 has abracket 421 which supports the top ends of a pair of bimorph plates rotatably. The lower ends of a pair ofbimorph plates 418 are connected rotatably to abracket 422, and thebracket 422 is connected to thequantity control vavle 410 by a connectingrod 423. - The
quantity control valve 410 is cylindrical as shown in Fig.41 and Fig.42 and hascontrol openings 424 or of oblong openings andlongitudinal slots 425 at the both sides of thecontrol openings 424. Thequantity control valve 410 is arranged inside thenozzle 409 so that thecontrol openings 424 coincides with theinjection hole 426 of thenozzle 409. Thevalve member 410 slides axially on thevalve seat 427 formed on the internal peripheral surface of thenozzle 409 with aninjection hole 426. - On operation the
microcomputer 405 reads in the revolutional number and the angular position of the engine through a revolution detecting sensor, and the engine load through a load sensor. Themicrocomputer 405 also reads in the pressure of the fuel held in the accumulator(not shown) by a pressure sensor. Themicrocomputer 405 then controls the pump, through the motor to maintain the pressure of the fuel in a suitable value. Themicrocomputer 405 also controls a pair ofbimorph plates 418 for displacing thequantity control valve 410 to thereby control the quantity of fuel injected at one time. Thecontrol valve 410 opens and closes theinjection hole 426 of thenozzle 409. - In summary, the
microcomputer 405 reads in the revolutional number and the load of the engine, and then calculates the timing of the injection, the quantity of fuel, and the injection pattern based on the above-mentioned informations. Resulting with these calculations, themicrocomputer 405 controls thedrive circuit 433 which controls the voltage applied on thebimorph plates 418. - The
bimorph plates 418 deform as shown by the chain line in Fig.40 when electric voltage is applied. The pair ofbimorph plates 418 deform in such a manner that intermediate portions of theseplates 418 are separated from each other. As a resule of this deformation thelower bracket 422 moves upward. This movement is transmitted to thequantity control valve 410 by therod 423. Accordingly, as shown in Fig.43 the control opening 424 controls the effective area of theinjection hole 426, thus performing the quantity control operation. - In this apparatus the
quantity control valve 410 has sufficient stroke to close theinjection hole 426. Therefor, thequantity control valve 410 not only controls the quantity of fuel but also controls the opening and closing of theinjection hole 426. Furthermore, the injection pattern is controlled when the voltage applied on thebimorph plate 418 is controlled. More specifically, when the quantity of fuel at the initial stage of the fuel injection is decreased, it is possible to decrease the engine noise and amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas. - As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, the control of fuel quantity, the injection timing, and the injection pattern are all accomplished by the
quantity control valve 410 associated with a pair ofbimorph plates 418. Furthermore, thecontrol valve 410 is pressed against thevalve seat 427 by the pressure of the fuel through thelongitudinal slots 425 to accomplish perfect sealing operation when thisquantity control valve 410 displace to the position where theinjection hole 426 is closed. - Next, a modification of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig.44 which shows a
single bimorph plate 418 for displacing thequantity control valve 410. Thebimorph plate 418 is disposed horizontally. One end of theplate 418 has abracket 422 which is connected to anoblong opening 437 of a supportingbracket 436 by means of apin 438 for permitting the deformation of thebimorph plate 418 in the shape of arch. By this arrangement it is possible to displace thequantity control valve 410 by a relatively slight deformation of the intermediate portion of thebimorph plate 418. In this way the mechanism for opening and closing thequantity control valve 410 is simplified and is compact. - Another modification is shown in Fig.45, in which a
singular bimorph plate 418 is used and one end of theplate 418 is fixed. The free end of theplate 418 is connected to thequantity control valve 410 by a connectingrod 423. According to this arrangement, the mechanism for supporting thebimorph plate 418 is more simplified and hence the structure of the injector is simple. - A further modification is shown in Fig.46 to Fig.48. In this modification, an
injection hole 426 is formed on the bottom ortop plate 446 of thenozzle 409 and avalve seat 427 is located at the internal edge of theinjection hole 426. A segmentalquantity control valve 410 is arranged on thevalve seat 427 and is rotatably supported by apin 447. The top of thevalve 410 is connected to the top end of thebimorph plate 418 through engagemembers 448. - With this arrangement, as shown in Fig.48, the
quantity control valve 410 rotates around thepin 447 when electric voltage is applied on thebimorph plate 418 because thebimorph plate 418 is connected to thequantity control valve 410 by engagemembers 448. Thus the effective area of theinjection hole 426 is changed by the control opening 424 of thequantity control valve 410 to accomplish an operation of quantity control. The injection of the fuel is terminated when thevalve 410 rotates to a position where thecontrol openings 424 do not coincide with theinjection hole 426. For this reason, it is possible to have thevalve 410 constitute not only a quantity control valve but also a timing control valve. - A further modification is shown in Fig.49. This modification includes a
relief valve 441 so that an accumulator can be omitted. Therelief valve 441 is connected to afeed pipe 407 for fuel. Thespring 442 for controlling the relief pressure of therelief valve 441 is controlled by amicrocomputer 405 through anactuator 443. Themicrocomputer 405 regulates the deformation of thespring 442 through theactuator 443 in response to the output signal of the pressure sensor 432 to control the pressure on which therelief valve 441 operates. With this modification, it is possible to control and keep the output pressure of afeed pump 402 substantially constant, and for this reason, it is possible to accomplish the injection of fuel without an accumulator. - Having desribed specific embodiments of this invention with reference to accompanying drawings, it must be understood that this invention is not limited to these precise embodiments or modifications. Various changes and other modifications may be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, an actuator of monomorph plate may be used instead of the bimorph plate in the last embodiment, and further magnetostrictive elements may be used for the actuator to control the displacement of the quantity control valve instead of the piezo-electric element. Furthermore, a various materials may be used for the nozzle or the injector, and the nozzle may be made of ceramic materials for protecting the quantity control valve or the piezo-electric element. Furthermore, this invention may be applied not only to the fuel injection apparatus of a Diesel engine but also to a gasoline engine when the pressure of the fuel is reduced.
Claims (34)
an injection hole (153, 238, 342, 426) formed on said injector for injecting fuel;
a quantity control valve (152, 210, 310, 410) for controlling the quantity of the fuel by regulating the effective area of said injection hole;
an actuator (126, 218, 338, 418) for displacing said quantity control valve; and
an electric control means (122, 205, 305, 405) for controlling said actuator in response to the number of revolutions and load of engine.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE8686303903T DE3684143D1 (en) | 1986-05-22 | 1986-05-22 | INJECTION DEVICE FOR FUEL. |
EP86303903A EP0246373B1 (en) | 1986-05-22 | 1986-05-22 | Fuel injection apparatus |
AT86303903T ATE73207T1 (en) | 1986-05-22 | 1986-05-22 | INJECTION DEVICE FOR FUEL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP86303903A EP0246373B1 (en) | 1986-05-22 | 1986-05-22 | Fuel injection apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0246373A1 true EP0246373A1 (en) | 1987-11-25 |
EP0246373B1 EP0246373B1 (en) | 1992-03-04 |
Family
ID=8196017
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86303903A Expired EP0246373B1 (en) | 1986-05-22 | 1986-05-22 | Fuel injection apparatus |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0246373B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE73207T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3684143D1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4034203A1 (en) * | 1990-10-27 | 1992-04-30 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
EP0719936A1 (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-07-03 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector for separate control of flow and momentum |
DE19637186A1 (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-20 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | Common rail fuel injection valve e.g. for diesel IC engine |
EP1619385A1 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-25 | Dualon International Holding SA | Actuator for a fuel injection system |
EP2365206A1 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-14 | Wärtsilä Switzerland Ltd. | A nozzle for a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, and method of manufacturing a nozzle |
ITRE20120091A1 (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2014-06-04 | Alberto Castagnini | VARIABLE FLOW GAS INJECTOR FOR ENDOTHERMIC MOTORS |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3904480A1 (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1990-08-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | VALVE FOR INTERMITTENTLY PUTTING FUEL |
DE4332124A1 (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-03-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
US5421521A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injection nozzle having a force-balanced check |
DE4344026C2 (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1997-09-18 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Injector |
US5407131A (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-04-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injection control valve |
US5474234A (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1995-12-12 | Caterpillar Inc. | Electrically controlled fluid control valve of a fuel injector system |
US5488340A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-01-30 | Caterpillar Inc. | Hard magnetic valve actuator adapted for a fuel injector |
US5449119A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1995-09-12 | Caterpillar Inc. | Magnetically adjustable valve adapted for a fuel injector |
US5494219A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1996-02-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injection control valve with dual solenoids |
US5494220A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 1996-02-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector assembly with pressure-equalized valve seat |
US5605289A (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1997-02-25 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector with spring-biased control valve |
US5597118A (en) | 1995-05-26 | 1997-01-28 | Caterpillar Inc. | Direct-operated spool valve for a fuel injector |
US5720318A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1998-02-24 | Caterpillar Inc. | Solenoid actuated miniservo spool valve |
US5758626A (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1998-06-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Magnetically adjustable valve adapted for a fuel injector |
DE19645900A1 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-05-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engine |
DE102007056988B4 (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2012-07-05 | Compact Dynamics Gmbh | Needle-length fluid injection valve |
Citations (12)
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GB820568A (en) * | 1955-02-15 | 1959-09-23 | Maurice Marie Joseph De Millev | Improvements in or relating to fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines |
DE1751543A1 (en) * | 1968-06-15 | 1970-08-27 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Electrically controllable injection valve |
DE2458940A1 (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-06-26 | Sigma Diesel | INJECTION DEVICE FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES |
US3995813A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1976-12-07 | Bart Hans U | Piezoelectric fuel injector valve |
GB1465283A (en) * | 1970-10-07 | 1977-02-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel injectors for internal combustion engines |
GB2056559A (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1981-03-18 | Audi Ag | Electrically operable fuel injection valve |
DE3030378A1 (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-02-25 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Piezoelectric fuel injection valve for automobile engine - has spring mounted piezoelectric element rigidly supporting valve needle |
US4462368A (en) * | 1980-07-10 | 1984-07-31 | Diesel Kiki Company, Ltd. | Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine |
DE3442022A1 (en) * | 1983-11-16 | 1985-05-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho, Aichi | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING FUEL INJECTION |
EP0147026A2 (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-07-03 | Osamu Matsumura | Fuel injection apparatus |
DE3411539A1 (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-10-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injection device |
DE3517611A1 (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1985-12-12 | Steyr-Daimler-Puch Ag, Wien | FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
-
1986
- 1986-05-22 AT AT86303903T patent/ATE73207T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-05-22 EP EP86303903A patent/EP0246373B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-05-22 DE DE8686303903T patent/DE3684143D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB820568A (en) * | 1955-02-15 | 1959-09-23 | Maurice Marie Joseph De Millev | Improvements in or relating to fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines |
DE1751543A1 (en) * | 1968-06-15 | 1970-08-27 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Electrically controllable injection valve |
GB1465283A (en) * | 1970-10-07 | 1977-02-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel injectors for internal combustion engines |
DE2458940A1 (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-06-26 | Sigma Diesel | INJECTION DEVICE FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES |
US3995813A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1976-12-07 | Bart Hans U | Piezoelectric fuel injector valve |
GB2056559A (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1981-03-18 | Audi Ag | Electrically operable fuel injection valve |
US4462368A (en) * | 1980-07-10 | 1984-07-31 | Diesel Kiki Company, Ltd. | Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine |
DE3030378A1 (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-02-25 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Piezoelectric fuel injection valve for automobile engine - has spring mounted piezoelectric element rigidly supporting valve needle |
DE3442022A1 (en) * | 1983-11-16 | 1985-05-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho, Aichi | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING FUEL INJECTION |
EP0147026A2 (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-07-03 | Osamu Matsumura | Fuel injection apparatus |
DE3411539A1 (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-10-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injection device |
DE3517611A1 (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1985-12-12 | Steyr-Daimler-Puch Ag, Wien | FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4034203A1 (en) * | 1990-10-27 | 1992-04-30 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
EP0719936A1 (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-07-03 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector for separate control of flow and momentum |
DE19637186A1 (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-20 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | Common rail fuel injection valve e.g. for diesel IC engine |
AT408132B (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 2001-09-25 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | STORAGE INJECTION SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
EP1619385A1 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-25 | Dualon International Holding SA | Actuator for a fuel injection system |
EP2365206A1 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-14 | Wärtsilä Switzerland Ltd. | A nozzle for a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, and method of manufacturing a nozzle |
CN102192063A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-21 | 瓦特西拉瑞士有限公司 | A nozzle for a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, and method of manufacturing a nozzle |
ITRE20120091A1 (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2014-06-04 | Alberto Castagnini | VARIABLE FLOW GAS INJECTOR FOR ENDOTHERMIC MOTORS |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3684143D1 (en) | 1992-04-09 |
ATE73207T1 (en) | 1992-03-15 |
EP0246373B1 (en) | 1992-03-04 |
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