EP0244651B1 - Zellenförmiges Gefüge - Google Patents

Zellenförmiges Gefüge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0244651B1
EP0244651B1 EP19870105051 EP87105051A EP0244651B1 EP 0244651 B1 EP0244651 B1 EP 0244651B1 EP 19870105051 EP19870105051 EP 19870105051 EP 87105051 A EP87105051 A EP 87105051A EP 0244651 B1 EP0244651 B1 EP 0244651B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
perforate
members
perforations
accordance
planar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19870105051
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0244651A3 (en
EP0244651A2 (de
Inventor
Humberto Urriola
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25636393&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0244651(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from AU70742/87A external-priority patent/AU593085B2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT87105051T priority Critical patent/ATE65815T1/de
Publication of EP0244651A2 publication Critical patent/EP0244651A2/de
Publication of EP0244651A3 publication Critical patent/EP0244651A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0244651B1 publication Critical patent/EP0244651B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F5/00—Draining the sub-base, i.e. subgrade or ground-work, e.g. embankment of roads or of the ballastway of railways or draining-off road surface or ballastway drainage by trenches, culverts, or conduits or other specially adapted means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the provision of adequate drainage by artificial means and has particular application in the area of landscape gardening.
  • a layer of stone or gravel capable of supporting the surface to be drained. Water from this "gravel" layer may then be allowed to percolate into the ground below, follow the lie of the land through said gravel to further conventional drainage channels or pipes or otherwise evacuated.
  • a layer of pebbles may the be provided over such membrane followed by a filter membrane over such layer of pebbles over which filter membrane a layer of soil is laid in which vegetation may be grown.
  • the filter membrane prevents the soil clogging the layer of pebbles thereby preventing drainage; the layer of pebbles facilitates drainage of the soil and hence adequate oxygen for the roots of vegetation.
  • the lower impervious membrane in turn prevents the ingress of moisture to the building or structure below.
  • the cell structure comprises essentially a pair of plates which are arranged in parallel.
  • the plates have spacers and also a means for connecting the plates.
  • the plates may also have upstanding projections which serve as feet, and finally small perforations are provided in the plates to enable the passage therethrough of water and gases.
  • the said perforations are relatively small in size, and are arranged in a regular pattern on the sections of the plate between the projections. Because the perforations are small, the extent to which water and gas can pass therethrough is limited.
  • the structure does not lend itself to increasing the size of the perforations because such a step would result in a weakening of the rigidity of the structure.
  • the present invention seeks to ameliorate one or more of the lastmentioned disadvantages with the prior art or at least provide the consumer with a choice.
  • a rigid cell structure comprising first and second substantially parallel perforate planar members maintained in a fixed relationship from each other by means of a plurality of spacer members which are disposed so that gases or liquids may freely pass through the cell structure around the spacer means in any direction; wherein the perforations in the planar members comprise at least 40% of their surface area, and all areas between the perforations are supported directly by the spacer members for load bearing at a loading of at least 20 kg per square metre.
  • the present invention also teaches a method of providing drainage utilising the lastmentioned apparatus.
  • the invention may be of use to provide drainage under roadways, under embankments and elsewhere where surface erosion would otherwise be a problem.
  • Figure 1 depicts a drainage cell comprising a first planar perforate surface 1 and a second planar perforate surface 2 maintained in parallel spaced relationship to each other by a plurality of upright spacer members 3.
  • FIG. 1 The nature of perforations in the embodiment of figures 1 and 2 may best be observed from figure 2 which clearly depicts substantially square perforate areas 4 in the first planar surface 1. It will be noted that the square perforate areas are interposed with substantially square load bearing sections 5 such that the resulting configuration of the first planar surface 1 is checkered.
  • the second perforate planar surface is of the same configuration as the first perforate planar surface except that the square perforate sections are out of register with each other such that directly beneath each square perforate section of the first perforate planar surface lies a square load bearing section of the second planar perforate surface.
  • this feature is particularly important as it would not be appropriate for the spacer members 3 to bear directly on the bitumenised surface thereby allowing perforation of the bitumenised surface when a load was applied to the upper surface of the cell.
  • the spacer members 3 are rectangular in configuration and are (when viewed in transverse section) are oriented diagonally of the square pattern associated with the planar surfaces so that the ends of such spacer members 6 form bridges between adjacent load bearing surfaces thereby tying in adjacent load bearing surfaces to each other and ensuring a coherent rigid structure.
  • Some bracing of the spacer members 3 is achieved by low upstanding walls 7 inwardly directed from the planar perforate surfaces running between adjacent spacer members and extending along the edges defining the square load bearing surfaces.
  • these small upstanding walls 7 define shallow areas 8 which are capable of holding small amounts of pooled liquid. This is an important feature where the cell is used for drainage of say a roof-top garden as during periods where no water flow is present the water in such areas may evaporate thereby assisting to maintain the roots of any plants or grass above the drainage cell in a moist condition conducive to plant life.
  • the primary function of the drainage cell will be to accept water through its first and upper perforate planar surface and to allow free percolation of the water through the cell towards a drain (not shown) beneath the cell it should be appreciated that the cell additionally assists in maintaining oxygen adjacent the roots of any plants above the upper planar surface.
  • the nature of the spacer members permits free flow of water and oxygen in any horizontal direction within the cell and therefore it is usually not necessary to orient the cell in any particular direction with respect to the fall of the surface over which it is installed.
  • the relatively open nature of the area between the two planar surfaces additionally may provide space through which conduits may be passed for various services which may be associated with a building.
  • Lines 8 depicts the possible directions for flow of water entering the upper surface of the cell and flowing through the cell.
  • the cell may advantageously be fabricated from one of a number of plastic materials in a unitary configuration and in this regard polypropelyene has been found to be appropriate.
  • the multiplicity of spacer members 3 together with walls 7 results in a relatively rigid structure which is capable of supporting substantial loads and for example where the spacer members are approximately thirty millimetres in length and three millimetres by three millimetres in cross-section the load bearing capabilities of the upper planar surface where the lower planar surface is supported on a concrete slab is approximately 38,000 kilograms per square metre.
  • the embodiment of figure 1 is approximately three hundred millimetres by three hundred millimetres square and in order to cover a large surface a number of drainage cells may be laid beside each other.
  • the present invention provides a light drainage cell which permits large volumes of water to be drained beneath a variety of surfaces and may furthermore enhance growth of vegetation above the cell.
  • the edges of the drainage cell are not perfectly straight but comprise a series of tongues 10 and grooves 11. These tongues and grooves in the edges of one cell member facilitate a fairly precise location of adjacent cells where cells are placed side by side so as to form a large mat. This is due to the fact that the tongues 10 of one cell will fit into the grooves 11 of an adjacent cell thereby preventing relative horizontal movement between adjacent cells provided they are urged towards each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Formstabile Zellstruktur mit ersten und zweiten, im wesentlichen parallelen, mit Perforationen versehenen, ebenen Bauteilen (1, 2), die in einer festen gegenseitigen Lage mittels einer Vielzahl von Abstandshaltern gehalten werden, welche derart angeordnet sind, daß Gase oder Flüssigkeiten durch die Zellstruktur rund um die Abstandeshalter in jeder Richtung ungehindert hindurchtreten können, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Perforationen (4) in den ebenen Bauteilen (1, 2) wenigstens 40% von deren Obefläche ausmachen und daß alle Bereiche (5) zwischen den Perforationen (4) für die Lastaufnahme bei einer Belastung von wenigstens 20 kg/m² unmittelbar von den Abstandshaltern (3) gestützt werden.
2. Struktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Abstandshalter (3) an jedem Ende an Wände (7) anstößt, die ihrerseits an die Enden benachbarter Abstandshalter (3) anstoßen, daß die Wände (7) senkrecht zu der Ebene der parallelen, mit Perforationen versehenen, ebenen Bauteile (1, 2) orientiert sind, und daß die Wände (7) dazu dienen, die gesamte Struktur auszusteifen und örtliche Beanspruchungen auf die gesamte Struktur übertragen zu helfen.
3. Struktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstandshalter (3) säulenförmig ausgebildet und im wesentlichen normal bezüglich der beiden parallelen, mit Perforationen versehenen, ebenen Bauteile (1, 2) angebracht sind.
4. Struktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Perforationen (4) parallelogrammförmig ausgebildet und zusammen mit Lastaufnahmebereichen (5) von gleicher Form und Abmessung in eine geschachtelte Konfiguration eingefügt sind, und daß Abstandshalter (3) an die mit Perforationen versehenen, ebenen Bauteile (1, 2) in der Nähe der Ecken der parallelo-grammförmigen Lastaufnahmebereiche (5) und Perforationen (4) anstoßen.
5. Struktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Perforationen (4) eine im wesentlichen quadratische Form aufweisen und mit im wesentlichen quadratischen Lastaufnahmebereichen (5) ähnlicher Abmessungen in eine geschachtelte Konfiguration eingefügt sind, und daß die Abstandshalter (3) an die mit Perforation versehenen, ebenen Bauteile (1, 2) in der Nähe der Ecken dieser quadratischen Bereiche (5) anstoßen.
6. Struktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Perforationen (4) des einen mit Perforationen versehenen Bauteils (1) versetzt zu den Perforationen (4) des gegenüberliegenden, mit Perforationen versehenen Bauteils (2) angeordnet sind.
7. Struktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eines der mit Perforationen versehenen Bauteile (1, 2) auf seiner nach innen gewandten Seite eine Vielzahl niedriger, nach oben stehender Wände (7) aufweist, welche zwischen benachbarten Abstandshaltern (3) verlaufen und Muldenbereiche (8) zum Auffangen geringer Flüssigkeitsmengen begrenzen.
8. Struktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zellstruktur ausreichend stabil ist, um zu gewährleisten, daß jedes der mit Perforationen versehenen, ebenen Bauteile (1, 2) ein Lastaufnahmevermögen zwischen 15.000 und 90.000 kg/m² aufweist, wenn das gegenüberliegende, mit Perforationen versehene Bauteil auf einer stabilen, ebenen Fläche aufliegt.
9. Struktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß längs der Umfangskanten der Struktur ein regelmäßiges Muster flacher Nut- und Federfugen vorgesehen ist, um eine Verriegelung der Strukturen bei ihrem Zusammenbau zu einer Matte zu gestatten.
EP19870105051 1986-04-09 1987-04-06 Zellenförmiges Gefüge Expired EP0244651B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87105051T ATE65815T1 (de) 1986-04-09 1987-04-06 Zellenfoermiges gefuege.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPH538286 1986-04-09
AU5382/86 1986-04-09
AU70742/87A AU593085B2 (en) 1986-04-09 1987-03-27 Drainage cell

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0244651A2 EP0244651A2 (de) 1987-11-11
EP0244651A3 EP0244651A3 (en) 1988-01-20
EP0244651B1 true EP0244651B1 (de) 1991-07-31

Family

ID=25636393

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870105051 Expired EP0244651B1 (de) 1986-04-09 1987-04-06 Zellenförmiges Gefüge

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0244651B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3771771D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2237170B (en) * 1989-10-27 1994-07-27 Peter Rolin Heal Ground water retention unit
JPH083443Y2 (ja) * 1992-04-24 1996-01-31 有限会社クリーン・アップ・システム 排水・保水装置
DE4400183A1 (de) * 1994-01-05 1995-07-06 Juergen Dipl Phy Almanstoetter Drän-Entwässerungselement für Abfalldeponien und sonstige Verwendung im Erd-, Grund- und Wasserbau
DE9412093U1 (de) * 1994-07-26 1994-10-13 Ritter, Frank Georg, 86836 Untermeitingen Flächiges Drainagesystem, insbesondere für Mülldeponien
AU765117B2 (en) * 1999-02-24 2003-09-11 Astral Property Pty Limited Sub-soil drainage cell
AUPP884399A0 (en) * 1999-02-24 1999-03-25 Urriola, Christian Drainage Structures
AUPQ514100A0 (en) * 2000-01-17 2000-02-10 Lee, Alan Sian Ghee Interconnectable structural module

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2521374A1 (de) * 1975-05-14 1976-12-02 Rosemeier Kg Bauelement fuer die draenage, bewaesserung, belueftung und beheizung von flaechen im erd-, grund-, wasser- und heizungsbau
NZ203178A (en) * 1982-02-05 1986-11-12 Nylex Corp Ltd Method of forming drainage element having cuspated sheet core overlaid by filter fabric
DE3484601D1 (de) * 1983-03-31 1991-06-20 Monsanto Co Draenagematte.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0244651A3 (en) 1988-01-20
DE3771771D1 (de) 1991-09-05
EP0244651A2 (de) 1987-11-11

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