EP0241346B1 - Wegnehmbare und erdbebensichere Trennungswand - Google Patents

Wegnehmbare und erdbebensichere Trennungswand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0241346B1
EP0241346B1 EP87400667A EP87400667A EP0241346B1 EP 0241346 B1 EP0241346 B1 EP 0241346B1 EP 87400667 A EP87400667 A EP 87400667A EP 87400667 A EP87400667 A EP 87400667A EP 0241346 B1 EP0241346 B1 EP 0241346B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bricks
partition
section
rows
cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87400667A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0241346A1 (de
Inventor
Marc Bouchon
Christian Gallois
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orano Demantelement SAS
Original Assignee
Compagnie Generale des Matieres Nucleaires SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP0241346A1 publication Critical patent/EP0241346A1/de
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Publication of EP0241346B1 publication Critical patent/EP0241346B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • G21F3/04—Bricks; Shields made up therefrom

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a removable and earthquake-resistant partition intended to close an opening formed in a vertical wall and in particular in a wall of a room containing radioactive materials.
  • the dimensions of the openings closed by these removable partitions vary according to whether they are intended to allow the passage of a person or of materials. In the first case, these dimensions are generally 1 m x 1.80 m. In the case of an opening for the passage of materials, the dimensions of the openings can go up to 5m x 4m.
  • these demountable partitions are designed so as to be able to withstand the effects of an earthquake, when required by safety analysis.
  • the bricks constituting these demountable partitions are generally in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds with flat faces. Resistance to the horizontal inertia forces perpendicular to the partition that can be produced by an earthquake is obtained by having a supporting frame on either side of the brick stack.
  • this framework is formed by a general sheet metal work or by a grid of metal profiles.
  • Document FR-A-1 232 638 also discloses a partition made of bricks, the shape of which ensures protection against radiation.
  • the bricks are sealed together and crossed by vertical and horizontal metal bars which constitute a framework ensuring resistance to earthquakes.
  • this partition is not removable.
  • the present invention specifically relates to a removable partition and resistant to earthquakes of a new type, not having the drawbacks which have just been mentioned of existing removable partitions.
  • a demountable and earthquake-resistant partition closing off an opening formed in a vertical wall, said partition comprising at least two layers of parallelepiped bricks arranged in superimposed horizontal rows, characterized in that each of said rows comprises at least one central locking brick having a horizontal section in the form of an isosceles trapezium, and bricks having a horizontal section in the form of a parallelogram and arranged symmetrically on either side of the central locking brick, all the central bricks for locking the same layer being oriented in the same direction, so that each of the series of bricks behaves like a fictitious funicular arc when the partition is subjected to a horizontal force exerted perpendicular to said partition, in a first direction going from the big base to the pet ite base of the trapezoid formed in horizontal section by the central locking brick of each series, the layers of bricks constituting the two external faces of the partition being formed so that the small bases of the trapezoids formed in horizontal section by the central brick
  • Such a demountable partition is designed mainly to be placed in a wall of a room containing radioactive materials. However, it can also be used outside the nuclear industry, in all cases where an opening must be able to be made relatively easily in a wall or a vertical wall which must moreover have good resistance to earthquakes. Therefore, if the bricks are preferably made of heavy concrete, having a density higher than that of ordinary concrete, other materials such as ordinary concrete or refractory earth can also be used.
  • the rows of bricks are offset vertically from one layer to another, to avoid leakage by radiation at the joints.
  • the bricks of two adjacent rows of the same layer can also be offset horizontally in a direction parallel to said partition, so as to increase the cohesion of the latter.
  • each of the bricks with a horizontal section in the shape of a parallelogram has a key on one end face and a recess of complementary shape to said key on an opposite end face, each of the bricks with horizontal section in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid having on end faces corresponding to the sides of the trapezoid recesses of identical shape to that of the recess formed on bricks with horizontal section in the shape of a parallelogram, so that in each cune of said rows, each key is received in a recess of the adjacent brick.
  • each row of bricks comprises two series of bricks and an intermediate support brick interposed between said series and having a horizontal section in the form of isosceles trapezium, the intermediate support bricks being oriented in opposite directions with respect to the central locking bricks of the same layer, a vertical retaining profile being fixed to the wall so as to be pressed against the large base of the trapezium formed in section by each of the supporting bricks, this large base of which is placed on an external face of the partition.
  • the support bricks are then identical to the central locking bricks. It is desirable for the partition to include locking pieces capable of simultaneously filling the recesses formed on the end faces of the support bricks and on the adjacent end faces of the bricks of horizontal section in the shape of a parallelogram.
  • a mortar frame is poured between the bricks placed on the periphery of the partition and the opening formed in the wall.
  • the mortar can be replaced by a packing of lead tow between the upper row of bricks and the upper part of the opening formed in the wall.
  • Figure 1 shows a portion of a wall or wall 10, approximately vertical, for example of reinforced concrete, in which is formed an opening 12, of generally rectangular shape.
  • the verticality of the wall 10 is not necessarily rigorous. Indeed, it will be readily understood that the invention also applies to the case of walls having a slight inclination relative to the vertical.
  • the shape of the opening 12 is not necessarily rectangular, even if it is generally openings of this shape that are produced in practice.
  • the opening 12 formed in the wall 10 is closed by a removable partition 14 designed to resist earthquakes.
  • the partition 14 is designed so as to provide protection against the radiation emitted by the radioactive materials which are inside this room.
  • each of these layers is, for example, 20 cm or 30 cm.
  • Each layer is formed by several horizontal rows of bricks 16 and 18 all having in horizontal section the shapes illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the bricks 16 and 18 are all of parallelepiped shape and have flat and horizontal lower and upper faces, their height being, for example 10 cm.
  • each of the rows comprises a series of bricks formed by a central locking brick 18, having in horizontal section the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, and bricks 16 having in horizontal section the shape of parallelograms , these bricks 16 being arranged in equal number and in opposite directions, on either side of the central brick 18.
  • the end faces are the adjacent faces of the bricks 16 and 18 of the same row, the end faces 18a of the bricks 18 correspond to the sides of the trapezoids formed in horizontal section by these bricks 18.
  • the end faces of the bricks 16 are designated by the reference 16a.
  • the length of the bricks 16 is, for example 30 cm, the length of the bricks 18 possibly being 15 cm and 25 cm, depending on whether one looks at them from the side of the small base or from the side of the large base of the trapezoid that 'they form in horizontal section.
  • the external faces of the bricks 16 and 18 are designated respectively by the reference 16b for the bricks 16 and by the references 18b and 18'b for the faces of the bricks 18 corresponding to the small base and to the large base of the trapezoid formed in section by these bricks.
  • angles formed between the faces 18a, 18b and 18'b of the central locking bricks 18 are the same as the angles formed between the faces 16a and 16b of the bricks 16.
  • each of the two layers of bricks is made in the same way.
  • the two layers of bricks are arranged in opposite directions, so that the small faces 18b of the central locking bricks 18 are located on the two external faces 14b and 14'b of the partition 14.
  • the bricks 16 and 18 of each row of bricks behave like a fictitious funicular arch.
  • the rows of bricks of one of the layers behave like a fictitious funicular arch when they are subjected to a horizontal load exerted perpendicularly to the partition in a first direction (arrow Fi in Figure 1).
  • the rows of bricks of the second layer behave like a fictitious funicular arc when the partition is subjected to a horizontal load exerted perpendicular to the partition in the opposite direction (arrow F 2 on Figure 1).
  • the corresponding fictitious funicular arches are represented diagrammatically by the hatched parts A 1 and A 2 in FIG.
  • one of the end faces 16a of each of the bricks 16 preferably has a key 26 constituted by a projecting part extending vertically over the entire height of the brick and having a shape substantially trapezoidal in horizontal section.
  • each of the bricks 16 has recesses 28 which also extend over the entire height of these bricks and have a horizontal trapezoidal section.
  • These recesses 28 have a shape complementary to that of the keys 26, so that the latter are housed in the recesses of the adjacent bricks 16 or 18 of the corresponding row, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the keys 26 are received in the recesses 28 with a certain clearance. They therefore do not participate in the transmission of the forces between the bricks when a force is applied according to the arrow Fi or the arrow F 2 as is the case. described previously.
  • Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a variant of the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • the rows of bricks 16 and 18 forming the two layers of the partition 14 are offset vertically, so that the planes of horizontal joints between these rows are not aligned in one layer to layer.
  • This vertical offset can be, for example, half a brick height, that is to say about 5 cm if the height of the bricks is about 10 cm.
  • This last characteristic is particularly advantageous in the application of the invention to the production of a removable partition closing off the wall of a room containing radioactive materials. In fact, it provides effective protection against the radiation emitted by these materials.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the invention comparable to that which has been described previously with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the removable partition 14 is made up of three layers of juxtaposed bricks, each of these layers being formed of overlapping horizontal rows.
  • the two layers forming the outer faces 14b and 14'b of the removable partition 14 are produced in a similar manner to those of the two layers forming the partition described with reference to FIG. 1 (possibly taking into account the variants of the figures 2 and 3).
  • the intermediate layer between the two extreme layers it is produced in a manner analogous to each of the other two layers, and oriented in the same direction as one of them (the right layer in FIG. 4) .
  • the bricks 16, 18 and possibly 16 'constituting the partition 14 of FIG. 4 are identical to those which have been described previously.
  • Figure 5 illustrates another embodiment. tion of the invention in which the opening 12 to be closed by the removable partition 14 according to the invention has a width such that the mechanical strength of the vertical supports to which the force is transmitted in the event of an earthquake cannot be ensured without the addition of an intermediate vertical support.
  • the maximum width between supports is chosen so that the compression stress of the concrete of the fictitious arcs such as A 1 and A 2 in FIG. 1 remains less than a limit stress.
  • This limiting stress is determined from the compression limit of the concrete.
  • the vertical supports include the keying mortar 20 which is unreinforced, not vibrated and difficult to put in place, an additional safety factor is applied to the compression limit of the concrete.
  • the maximum width thus calculated is, for example, about 4 meters.
  • each row of bricks is formed of two identical series of bricks 16 and 18 placed end to end, so as to close off the entire width of the opening 12.
  • Each of the two sets of bricks of the same row is produced in an identical manner to the rows of bricks constituting the partitions which have been described previously with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the two series of bricks in the same row are oriented in the same direction and separated by an intermediate support brick 18 'placed between the adjacent end bricks 16 of the two series.
  • These support bricks 18 ' are bricks having in horizontal section the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. They are preferably identical to bricks 18.
  • these supports are preferably constituted by vertical profiles 30 having for example an I-shaped section, placed so as to be able to withstand a force exerted perpendicular to the partition respectively in the direction of the arrow Fi or arrow F 2 .
  • the sections 30 are sealed at the top and bottom of the concrete wall 10 and they are in contact with the faces 18'b of the bricks 18 '.
  • one or the other of the layers of bricks forming the partition 14 behaves row by row like two funicular arcs fictitious transmitting the force to which they are subjected for half to the vertical internal edges of the opening 12, via the concrete of keying 20, and for half to the profile 24, via the support bricks 18 ′.
  • the keys formed on the bricks in the embodiments described have only a security role and can if necessary be deleted.
  • the invention is particularly suited to the case of demountable partitions provided for sealing openings formed in the walls of rooms containing radioactive materials, it can also be used outside the nuclear industry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Wegnehmbare und erdbebensichere Trennwand, die eine in eine vertikale Wand (10) gebildete Öffnung (12) verschließt, wobei die Trennwand (14) wenigstens zwei Lagen parallelflacher, in übereinanderliegenden, horizontalen Reihen angeordneter Ziegel umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede der Reihen wenigstens eine Folge von Ziegeln aufweist, die aus einem zentralen Verriegelungsziegel (18), der einen horizontalen Querschnitt in der Form eines gleichschenkligen Trapezes aufweist, und aus Ziegeln (16, 16') gebildet ist, die einen horizontalen Querschnitt eines Parallelogramms aufweisen und symmetrisch auf beiden Seiten des zentralen Verriegelungsziegels angeordnet sind, wobei alle zentralen Verriegelungsziegel einer gleichen Lage in die gleiche Richtung ausgerichtet sind, so daß jede der Ziegelreihen sich wie wenigstens ein fiktiver Seilbahnbogen (A1, A2) verhält, wenn die Trennwand einer horizontalen Kraft (F1, F2) ausgesetzt wird, die senkrecht zur Trennwand in einer ersten Richtung von der großen Basis bis zur kleinen Basis des durch den zentralen Verriegelungsziegel (18) jeder Reihe im horizontalen Querschnitt gebildeten Trapezes ausgeübt wird, wobei die Ziegellagen die beiden Außenflächen (14b, 14b') der Trennwand (14) bilden, die so geformt sind, daß die kleinen Basen der im horizontalen Querschnitt durch die zentralen Verriegelungsziegel (18) gebildeten Trapeze dieser Lagen auf diesen Außenflächen angeordnet sind.
2. Trennwand nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ziegelreihen vertikal von einer Lage zur anderen versetzt sind.
3. Trennwand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ziegel (16, 16', 18) zweier aneinanderliegender Reihen einer gleichen Lage horizontal, parallel zur Trennwand (14) versetzt sind.
4. Trennwand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der Ziegel (16, 16') mit einem horizontalen Querschnitt in der Form eines Parallelogramms einen Keil (26) auf einer Außenfläche (16a) und eine Einbuchtung (28) in einer dem Keil komplementären Form auf einer gegenüberliegenden Außenfläche (16a) aufweist, wobei jeder der zentralen Verriegelungsziegel (18) auf den Seiten des Trapezes entsprechenden Außenflächen (18a) Einbuchtungen (28) aufweist mit einer Form, die mit derjenigen der in den Ziegeln (16, 16') mit einem horizontalen Querschnitt in der Form eines Parallelogramms gebildeten Einbuchtung (28) identisch ist, so daß in jeder der Reihen jeder Keil (26) in einer Einbuchtung (28) des angrenzenden Ziegels aufgenommen wird.
5. Trennwand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Ziegelreihe zwei Folgen von Ziegeln (16, 16', 18) und einem zwischenliegenden Stützziegel (18') zwischen den Folgen umfaßt, der einen horizontalen Querschnitt in der Form eines gleichschenkligen Trapezes aufweist, wobei die zwischenliegenden Stützziegel (18') in umgekehrter Richtung bezüglich der zentralen Verriegelungsziegel (18) der gleichen Lage orientiert sind, wobei wenigstens ein vertikales, stützendes Formstahlstück (30) derart an der Wand (10) befestigt ist, daß es gegen die große Basis des im Querschnitt von jedem der Stützziegel (18') gebildeten Trapezes stützt, dessen große Basis an einer Außenfläche (14b, 14b') der Trennwand (14) angeordnet ist.
6. Trennwand nach den Ansprüchen 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützziegel (18') mit den zentralen Verriegelungsziegeln (18) identisch sind, wobei die Trennwand Verriegelungsstücke (32) aufweist, die geeignet sind, gleichzeitig die in den Außenflächen der Stützziegel (18') und in den angrenzenden Außenflächen der Ziegel (16) mit einem horizontalen Querschnitt in der Form eines Parallelogramms geformten Einbuchtungen (28) auszufüllen.
7. Trennwand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Wand (10) gebildete Öffnung (12) von einem Mörtelrahmen (20) begrenzt wird, der auf die auf dem Umfang der Trennwand (14) angeordneten Ziegel (16, 16') aufgetragen ist.
8. Trennwand nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mörtelrahmen zwischen der oberen Ziegelreihe (16, 16') und einem oberen, horizontalen Öffnungstempel (12) durch eine Auffüllung (21) aus Bleiwerg ersetzt oder vervollständigt ist.
EP87400667A 1986-04-01 1987-03-25 Wegnehmbare und erdbebensichere Trennungswand Expired - Lifetime EP0241346B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8604583 1986-04-01
FR8604583A FR2596444B1 (fr) 1986-04-01 1986-04-01 Cloison demontable et resistant aux seismes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0241346A1 EP0241346A1 (de) 1987-10-14
EP0241346B1 true EP0241346B1 (de) 1990-08-22

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EP87400667A Expired - Lifetime EP0241346B1 (de) 1986-04-01 1987-03-25 Wegnehmbare und erdbebensichere Trennungswand

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US4735028A (de)
EP (1) EP0241346B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0792517B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3764388D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2018277B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2596444B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4976079A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-12-11 Liljegren Said D Building structure having stacked wooden beam walls
US5072559A (en) * 1988-11-18 1991-12-17 Liljegren Said D Building structure having stacked wooden beam walls
US6216410B1 (en) 1999-01-11 2001-04-17 Kurt Evan Haberman Interlocking panel system
US7596922B2 (en) * 2002-10-11 2009-10-06 Englekirk Partners Consulting Structural Engineers, Inc. Structural wall coupling system
JP4649289B2 (ja) * 2005-08-09 2011-03-09 大成建設株式会社 ブロック壁および放射線遮蔽壁
CN100516394C (zh) * 2005-12-02 2009-07-22 卢锐 叠合钢板消能减震阻尼器
ES2382847B1 (es) * 2010-11-19 2013-01-30 Universidad Miguel Hernández De Elche Elemento constructivo sismorresistente para ejecucion de muros de carga
JP2013007640A (ja) * 2011-06-24 2013-01-10 Hitachi-Ge Nuclear Energy Ltd 組み立て式放射線遮へい体及びこれを用いた放射線遮へい方法
JP5716933B2 (ja) * 2013-10-04 2015-05-13 第一精工株式会社 配線基板連結装置
JP7128017B2 (ja) * 2018-04-17 2022-08-30 株式会社竹中工務店 遮蔽壁
CN113323477B (zh) * 2021-04-26 2022-09-30 中际城市建设有限公司 一种装配式钢筋混凝土剪力墙

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1978585A (en) * 1932-03-23 1934-10-30 Jay C Orrell Floor and roof construction
FR1232638A (fr) * 1959-07-28 1960-10-11 Lemer & Co Ets Procédé et dispositif de maçonnerie armée d'éléments en plomb pour la construction d'enceinte protectrice contre les radiations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2596444A1 (fr) 1987-10-02
JPH0792517B2 (ja) 1995-10-09
ES2018277B3 (es) 1991-04-01
US4735028A (en) 1988-04-05
JPS62238495A (ja) 1987-10-19
EP0241346A1 (de) 1987-10-14
DE3764388D1 (de) 1990-09-27
FR2596444B1 (fr) 1990-07-13

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