EP0229865A1 - Method and device for the connection of spatial and truss-like structures - Google Patents

Method and device for the connection of spatial and truss-like structures Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0229865A1
EP0229865A1 EP86101826A EP86101826A EP0229865A1 EP 0229865 A1 EP0229865 A1 EP 0229865A1 EP 86101826 A EP86101826 A EP 86101826A EP 86101826 A EP86101826 A EP 86101826A EP 0229865 A1 EP0229865 A1 EP 0229865A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow cylinder
bore
bodies
explosive charge
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86101826A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mauro Pedretti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0229865A1 publication Critical patent/EP0229865A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B1/1903—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1936—Winged profiles, e.g. with a L-, T-, U- or X-shaped cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
    • E04B2001/1972—Welded or glued connection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for connecting trusses or trusses, characterized in that the two bodies to be connected are joined together in such a way that the end of the first body, which has a hollow cylinder, is inserted into the bore of the second body and an explosive charge attached in the interior of this hollow cylinder is provided Detonation or explosion is brought, whereby above all the hollow cylinder is plastically deformed so that the two bodies remain rigidly connected to one another, and a device for performing this method.
  • space trusses Due to their static advantages and the favorable fire behavior, space trusses have an increasingly broad field of application. They are used for column-free roofing of halls and open spaces as well as for high-rise buildings and special constructions.
  • Space trusses consisting of rods and nodes, the rods having bolts at both ends and the nodes being spherical with threaded holes. Similar systems are e.g. connected by plate-shaped, block-shaped, cylindrical or cup-shaped knots.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention solves the task of connecting rods and nodes of the space framework by detonation or explosion of a small charge Explosive (5) Fig.1, attached in the linking element so that as a result of the resulting pressure wave, plastic deformations occur on this linking element, which in a fraction of a second create a rigid connection between the node and the rod.
  • the cylinder (12) Fig.2 made of inert material (plastic, etc.) is used to position the load (11) Fig.2 and to improve the efficiency of the pressure wave.
  • the amount of explosives used is so small that no dangerous vibrations are to be feared, even for large trusses, created in inhabited centers.
  • Both cylinders were provided with identical triangular teeth over a length of 25 mm; the teeth were 2 mm deep and 2 mm wide.
  • Detonator No. 8 was used as the explosive charge, without additional explosives, ignited by a fuse (6) Fig.l.
  • the connected cylinders were loaded with a hydraulic press up to 235 N / mm 2 .
  • the two bodies deformed without loosening.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

In this method, the two bodies to be connected are joined together in such a way that the end of the first body (2) having a hollow cylinder is introduced into the bore (3) of the second body (1) and an explosive charge (5) arranged inside this hollow cylinder is made to detonate or explode, with the result that the hollow cylinder above all is subjected to plastic deformation so that the two bodies remain connected rigidly to one another. A reduction in the outlay for connecting three-dimensional frameworks is achieved thereby, since, above all, there is no need for the screwing of a large number of junction points. The connection made in this way is absolutely rigid and has no play. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbindung von Raumfachwerken oder Fachwerkträgern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die zwei zu verbindenen Körper derart zusammenfügt, dass das einen Hohlzylinder besitzende Ende des ersten Körpers in die Bohrung des zweiten Körpers eingeführt und eine im Innern dieses Hohlzylinders angebrachte Sprengladung zur Detonation, bzw. Explosion gebracht wird, wodurch vor allem der Hohlzylinder plastisch so verformt wird, dass die beiden Körper starr miteinander verbunden bleiben, und eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for connecting trusses or trusses, characterized in that the two bodies to be connected are joined together in such a way that the end of the first body, which has a hollow cylinder, is inserted into the bore of the second body and an explosive charge attached in the interior of this hollow cylinder is provided Detonation or explosion is brought, whereby above all the hollow cylinder is plastically deformed so that the two bodies remain rigidly connected to one another, and a device for performing this method.

Raumfachwerke besitzen aufgrund ihrer statischen Vorteile und dem günstigen Brandverhalten ein immer breiteres Anwendungsfeld. So werden sie eingesetzt für stützenfreie Ueberdachungen von Hallen und Freiräumen sowie für Hochbauten und Sonderkonstruktionen.Due to their static advantages and the favorable fire behavior, space trusses have an increasingly broad field of application. They are used for column-free roofing of halls and open spaces as well as for high-rise buildings and special constructions.

Es sind Raumfachwerke bekannt, bestehend aus Stäben und Knoten, wobei die Stäbe Schraubenbolzen an beiden Enden besitzen und die Knoten kugelförmig sind mit Gewindebohrungen. Aehnliche Systeme werden z.B.' verbunden durch tellerförmige, blockförmige, zylinderförmige oder napfförmige Knoten.Space trusses are known, consisting of rods and nodes, the rods having bolts at both ends and the nodes being spherical with threaded holes. Similar systems are e.g. connected by plate-shaped, block-shaped, cylindrical or cup-shaped knots.

Die Montage von Raumfachwerken ist durch einen erheblichen Aufwand gekennzeichnet, vor allem durch eine grosse Anzahl von Verknüpfungsstellen, die durch Verschrauben von Stäben und Knoten hergestellt werden müssen.The installation of space frameworks is characterized by considerable effort, especially by a large number of connection points that have to be made by screwing rods and nodes.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Die Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, löst die Aufgabe, Stäbe und Knoten des Raumfachwerkes zu verbinden durch Detonation, bzw. Explosion einer kleinen Ladung Sprengstoffes (5) Fig.1, im Verknüpfungselement so angebracht, dass als Folge der dabei entstehenden Druckwelle plastische Deformationen an diesem Verknüpfungselement auftreten, die in Bruchteilen von Sekunden eine starre Verbindung zwischen Knoten und Stab entstehen lassen.The invention seeks to remedy this. The invention, as characterized in the claims, solves the task of connecting rods and nodes of the space framework by detonation or explosion of a small charge Explosive (5) Fig.1, attached in the linking element so that as a result of the resulting pressure wave, plastic deformations occur on this linking element, which in a fraction of a second create a rigid connection between the node and the rod.

Man kann eine noch innigere Verbindung der beiden Körper erreichen, indem man den in die Bohrung hineinragenden Teil des Hohlzylinders und die Bohrung selbst mit Rippen, Nocken oder ähnlichem versieht, (3) Fig.l und (9) Fig.2. Ebenfalls ist es möglich nur einen Körper mit z.B. einer Zahnung zu versehen, wobei der die Verzahnung tragende Körper aus härterem Material gefertigt ist. In diesem Fall werden die Zähne (13) Fig.3a in das weichere Material gepresst, bzw. das weichere Material (14) Fig.3b in die Zähne (16) Fig.3b. Die Verbindung ist selbst dann noch möglich, wenn beide Körper eine verschiedene Zahnung besitzen, wobei man lediglich einen zweiten Hohlzylinder oder Ring (15) Fig.4 aus weicherem Material in die Bohrung zu schieben braucht.An even more intimate connection of the two bodies can be achieved by providing the part of the hollow cylinder projecting into the bore and the bore itself with ribs, cams or the like, (3) Fig. 1 and (9) Fig. 2. It is also possible to have only one body with e.g. To provide a toothing, wherein the body carrying the toothing is made of harder material. In this case, the teeth (13) Fig.3a are pressed into the softer material, or the softer material (14) Fig.3b into the teeth (16) Fig.3b. The connection is still possible even if the two bodies have different teeth, with only a second hollow cylinder or ring (15) of FIG. 4 of softer material needing to be pushed into the bore.

Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im Wesentlichen darin zu sehen, dass die Montage von Raumfachwerken vereinfacht wird, da das aufwendige Verschrauben entfällt. Auch ist die perfekte Uebertragung der Kräfte von Vorteil, weil die-Verbindung absolut kein Spiel aufweist.The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that the assembly of space trusses is simplified since the complex screwing is eliminated. The perfect transfer of forces is also an advantage because the connection has absolutely no play.

Ebenfalls zu bemerken sind die zusätzlichen Freiheiten bei der Wahl von Material und Geometrie des Verknüpfungselementes. So kann man z.B. Stangen aus Aluminium mit Knoten aus Stahl verbinden und umgekehrt.The additional freedom in the choice of material and geometry of the connecting element should also be noted. So you can e.g. Connect aluminum bars with steel knots and vice versa.

Der Zylinder (12) Fig.2 aus inertem Material (Plastik, usw.) dient zum Positionieren der Ladung (11) Fig.2 und zum Verbessern der Effizienz der Druckwelle.The cylinder (12) Fig.2 made of inert material (plastic, etc.) is used to position the load (11) Fig.2 and to improve the efficiency of the pressure wave.

Für die Montage auf der Baustelle werden keine speziellen Werkzeuge benötigt. Nach dem Zusammenfügen des ganzen oder eines Teiles des Fachwerkes werden die verschiedenen Sprengladungen mit dem Zündsystem verbunden und gezündet. Das Fachwerk wird durch die Detonation, bzw. Explosion in Bruchteilen von Sekunden starr verbunden.No special tools are required for assembly on the construction site. After assembling all or part of the framework, the various explosive charges are connected to the ignition system and ignited. The framework is rigidly connected by the detonation or explosion in fractions of a second.

Als Montagehilfe kann man am Körper (1) Fig.1, bzw. (7) Fig.2 einen kleinen Dorn (4) Fig.l, bzw. (10) Fig.2 anbringen, der die beiden Körper provisorisch bis zur Zündung der Sprengladung zusammenhält.As an assembly aid, you can attach a small spike (4) Fig.l, or (10) Fig.2 to the body (1) Fig.1 or (7) Fig.2, which temporarily holds the two bodies until the ignition of the Explosive charge holds together.

Die zur Anwendung gelangende Menge Sprengstoff ist so klein, dass keine gefährlichen Vibrationen zu befürchten sind, auch nicht für grosse Fachwerke, erstellt in bewohnten Zentren.The amount of explosives used is so small that no dangerous vibrations are to be feared, even for large trusses, created in inhabited centers.

Es ist auch möglich dem Verknüpfungselement eine Vorspannung zu geben, und dadurch das Ermüdungsverhalten und die Starrheit zu verbessern.It is also possible to prestress the connecting element and thereby improve the fatigue behavior and the rigidity.

In den Fig. 5, 6 und 7 sind einige typische Beispiele von Verknüpfungselementen dargestellt.5, 6 and 7 some typical examples of linking elements are shown.

Es folgt ein Beispiel, das zur Erläuterung von Verfahren und Einrichtung dienen soll, sie aber nicht einschränkt.The following is an example that is intended to explain the method and setup, but not to limit it.

Beispielexample

Es wurde eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung zwischen zwei Körpern gemäss Fig.l hergestellt.A non-positive connection between two bodies according to Fig.l was made.

Die Abmessungen der verwendeten Körper waren:

  • Innenrohr (2) Fig.l:
    Figure imgb0001
    Figure imgb0002
  • Aussenzylinder (1) Fig.l:
    Figure imgb0003
The dimensions of the bodies used were:
  • Inner tube (2) Fig.l:
    Figure imgb0001
    Figure imgb0002
  • Outer cylinder (1) Fig.l:
    Figure imgb0003

Beide Zylinder waren mit einer identischen dreieckigen Verzahnung auf einer Länge von 25 mm versehen; die Zahnung war 2 mm tief und 2 mm breit.Both cylinders were provided with identical triangular teeth over a length of 25 mm; the teeth were 2 mm deep and 2 mm wide.

Als Sprengladung wurde die Zündkapsel Nr. 8 verwendet, ohne zusätzlichen Sprengstoff, gezündet durch eine Zündschnur (6) Fig.l.Detonator No. 8 was used as the explosive charge, without additional explosives, ignited by a fuse (6) Fig.l.

Die verbundenen Zylinder wurden mit einer hydraulischen Presse bis auf 235 N/mm2 belastet. Dabei verformten sich die beiden Körper, ohne sich jedoch loszulösen.The connected cylinders were loaded with a hydraulic press up to 235 N / mm 2 . The two bodies deformed without loosening.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Verbindung von Raumfachwerken oder Fachwerkträgern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die zwei zu verbindenen Körper derart zusammenfügt, dass das einen Hohlzylinder besitzende Ende des ersten Körpers in die Bohrung des zweiten Körpers eingeführt und eine im Innern dieses Hohlzylinders angebrachte Sprengladung zur Detonation, bzw. Explosion gebracht wird, wodurch vor allem der Hohlzylinder plastisch so verformt wird, dass die beiden Körper starr miteinander verbunden bleiben.1. A method for connecting trusses or trusses, characterized in that the two bodies to be connected are joined together in such a way that the end of the first body, which has a hollow cylinder, is inserted into the bore of the second body and an explosive charge attached to the inside of this hollow cylinder for detonation, or explosion is brought, whereby especially the hollow cylinder is plastically deformed so that the two bodies remain rigidly connected. 2. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Hohlzylinder (2) Fig.l und (8) Fig.2 sich in einer Bohrung eines zweiten Körpers (1) Fig.l und (7) Fig.2 befindet, wobei im Innern des Hohlzylinders eine Sprengladung (5) Fig.1 und (11) Fig. 2 angebracht ist, die durch einen inerten Körper (12) Fig.2 gestützt sein kann.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a hollow cylinder (2) Fig.l and (8) Fig.2 is in a bore of a second body (1) Fig.l and (7) Fig.2, wherein in Inside the hollow cylinder, an explosive charge (5) Fig.1 and (11) Fig. 2 is attached, which can be supported by an inert body (12) Fig.2. 3. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verknüpfungselement aus einem Knoten und mindestens einem Stabende besteht, wobei der die Sprengladung tragende Hohlzylinder entweder dem Knoten zugehörig (2) Fig.1 oder dem Stab zugehörig (8) Fig.2 ist.3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the linking element consists of a node and at least one rod end, the explosive charge carrying the hollow cylinder either belonging to the node (2) Fig.1 or the rod belonging (8) Fig.2. 4. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der in die Bohrung ragende Teil des Hohlzylinders (13) Fig.3a aussen gerillt, gerippt, genockt oder mit einem Gewinde versehen ist.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the part of the hollow cylinder (13) protruding into the bore (FIG. 3a) is grooved, ribbed, cambed or provided with a thread on the outside. 5. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bohrung (16) Fig.3b gerillt, gerippt, genockt oder mit einem Gewinde versehen ist.5. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the bore (16) Fig.3b grooved, ribbed, cam or is provided with a thread. 6. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bohrung und der in die Bohrung ragende Teil des Hohlzylinders aussen gerillt, gerippt, genockt oder mit einem Gewinde versehen sind (3) Fig.l und (9) Fig.2.6. Device according to claim 3, characterized net that the bore and the part of the hollow cylinder protruding into the bore are grooved, ribbed, cambed or threaded on the outside (3) Fig.l and (9) Fig.2. 7. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich ein weiterer Hohlzylinder (15) Fig.4 in der Bohrung befindet.7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that there is a further hollow cylinder (15) Fig.4 in the bore.
EP86101826A 1985-11-29 1986-02-13 Method and device for the connection of spatial and truss-like structures Withdrawn EP0229865A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5101/85 1985-11-29
CH510185 1985-11-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0229865A1 true EP0229865A1 (en) 1987-07-29

Family

ID=4287951

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86101826A Withdrawn EP0229865A1 (en) 1985-11-29 1986-02-13 Method and device for the connection of spatial and truss-like structures

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0229865A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62130784A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102392492A (en) * 2011-09-28 2012-03-28 江苏科技大学 Lattice steel structure node connecting device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1550178A (en) * 1966-11-09 1968-12-20
NL7009228A (en) * 1970-06-23 1971-12-27
EP0079716A1 (en) * 1981-11-09 1983-05-25 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Explosive tube expansion

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1149387A (en) * 1965-09-14 1969-04-23 Yorkshire Imp Metals Ltd Improvements in securing tubes into tube plates
JPS5114471B2 (en) * 1971-11-02 1976-05-10
JPS605391B2 (en) * 1977-08-22 1985-02-09 旭化成株式会社 Method of explosive crimping metal tube and steel hole and explosive case
BE880453A (en) * 1979-08-16 1980-04-01 Jet Res Ct Inc CONNECTIONS FORMED BY APPLICATION OF HIGH ENERGY AND USED IN MARINE STRUCTURES

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1550178A (en) * 1966-11-09 1968-12-20
NL7009228A (en) * 1970-06-23 1971-12-27
EP0079716A1 (en) * 1981-11-09 1983-05-25 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Explosive tube expansion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS62130784A (en) 1987-06-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1461535B1 (en) Assembling device
AT502604B1 (en) COMPOSITE SUPPORT FOR KNOT CONNECTIONS OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS AND BUILDING TIE
DE2716388A1 (en) JOINING PANELS
DE2904330A1 (en) NODE PART FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES
DE3641662A1 (en) SUPPORT SYSTEM AND ITS COMPONENTS
DE3303190A1 (en) Construction kit for erecting mobile structures, in particular for trade-fair and exhibition structures
DE69513208T2 (en) Shock and vibration damping clamp
DE2519769C3 (en) Connection piece for the formation of knots in shaft-loaded truss structures made of large pipes, especially for drilling rigs
DE2305330C3 (en) Junction point connection for spatial structures formed from rods
EP0229865A1 (en) Method and device for the connection of spatial and truss-like structures
WO2018126328A1 (en) Post for a post-and-beam construction
DE102019002620A1 (en) Connection system for wood and / or metal structures
DE2231549C3 (en) Device for bracing the claws of two coupling rings forming a bayonet coupling for connecting missile parts
EP0657593A2 (en) Connecting system
DE69530287T2 (en) CONSTRUCTION FRAME
AT502603A1 (en) COMPOSITE SUPPORT
DE2941718A1 (en) Grating structure connector unit - comprises two discs together forming centre piece accommodating adaptors on bar ends
EP0805281A1 (en) Fastening device for two rod-shaped profile members
DE102022000839B4 (en) Mounting device for at least two ignition devices
EP0461336A2 (en) Method of making a pressure chamber resisting against internal detonations, and pressure chamber made by this method
DE3641563C1 (en) Fire-resistant load-bearing structure
EP0058209A1 (en) Expanding plug
DE2711403C2 (en) Ceiling structure
DE2305612C3 (en) Light metal hollow profile for a support and / or node point of a frame construction
DE922488C (en) Composite dowel for connecting a steel part with a concrete part

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT DE FR GB IT SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19870813

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19881121

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19890404