EP0228734B1 - Device for controlling the bore sighting of a variable field guidance system with respect to a sighting telescope - Google Patents

Device for controlling the bore sighting of a variable field guidance system with respect to a sighting telescope Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0228734B1
EP0228734B1 EP86202171A EP86202171A EP0228734B1 EP 0228734 B1 EP0228734 B1 EP 0228734B1 EP 86202171 A EP86202171 A EP 86202171A EP 86202171 A EP86202171 A EP 86202171A EP 0228734 B1 EP0228734 B1 EP 0228734B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guidance
axis
optical
centre
field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86202171A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0228734A1 (en
Inventor
Fernand Loy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cessione thomson - Trt Defense
Original Assignee
Telecommunications Radioelectriques et Telephoniques SA TRT
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Publication date
Application filed by Telecommunications Radioelectriques et Telephoniques SA TRT, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Telecommunications Radioelectriques et Telephoniques SA TRT
Publication of EP0228734A1 publication Critical patent/EP0228734A1/en
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Publication of EP0228734B1 publication Critical patent/EP0228734B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/24—Beam riding guidance systems
    • F41G7/26—Optical guidance systems
    • F41G7/263—Means for producing guidance beams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/32—Devices for testing or checking
    • F41G3/326—Devices for testing or checking for checking the angle between the axis of the gun sighting device and an auxiliary measuring device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling the guide axis of a guidance system with a variable field to the line of sight of a telescopic sight, the latter comprising a lens, a reticle and an eyepiece, said guidance system comprising an optical beam guidance emitter, a guidance field scanning or coding system the center of which is projected to infinity by means of a variable focal length or zoom lens along the guidance axis connecting the optical axis of the zoom to said center of the guide field.
  • This device is particularly applicable to missile guidance systems on laser beam in which the angular guidance field is variable according to a predetermined law depending on the distance of the missile.
  • Such systems generally use objectives with variable focal length to project the guide beam on the axis of which the missile controls its trajectory.
  • the ratio of the focal lengths of these objectives between the instant of ignition and that of the end of the flight can be greater than 100.
  • These objectives are zoom lenses, the variation of the focal distance of which is obtained by the translation of several groups of lenses along the mechanical axis of the objective.
  • One of the main difficulties in producing these optics is to keep an optical axis whose direction is fixed at all focal distances, this axis having to be parallel to the line of sight under all environmental conditions.
  • the present invention provides a simple structure servo device which takes into account to a greater extent the displacement of the optical members.
  • such a device comprises a blade with parallel faces taken as an optical reference piece and rigidly fixed on the telescope to adjust the line of sight of said telescope, by translation of the reticle in its plane up to so that the reticle and its image obtained by self-animation on said slide and observed through the eyepiece are combined, a deviation meter to identify any transverse displacement of the optical center of the zoom which causes an angular deviation of said guide axis, a deviation gauge composed of a symmetrical hole in said center of the guide field with respect to another blade with semi-transparent parallel faces, and a detector arranged in front of said hole so as to receive flux from the guide emitter after successive reflections on said blades , detector connected to the input of a deviation meter to deliver an error signal at its output measuring the deviation of the op axis tick of the zoom relative to its nominal position parallel to the line of sight and directed towards a correction element on the path of the laser beam to deflect this beam and the position of the center of said guide field so as to cancel said deviation
  • the single figure shows the block diagram of a device according to the invention.
  • the telescopic sight 1 defines the sight axis 2, it is adjusted by construction perpendicular to the blade with parallel faces 3 rigidly fixed on the telescopic sight 1. This adjustment is obtained for example by translation in its plane of the reticle 4 until the reticle and its sticker image on slide 3 are confused. The image is observed by the observer 5 through the eyepiece 6. For this adjustment, the reticle must be luminous or illuminated by a source not shown.
  • the guide projector comprises the laser beam 7, a scanning or coding system 8 for the guide field, the center of which is point 9, a projection lens with variable focal length 10.
  • the guide axis is axis 11.
  • This guide axis 11 must be stable at all the focal distances of the zoom 10 and parallel to the axis 2 despite the mechanical imperfections of the zoom (clearances, dilations, etc.).
  • the axis 11 passes through the optical center 12 of the zoom (represented here as a simple lens) and the center 9 of the guide field. Any transverse movement of 12 causes an angular deviation of the axis 11. This movement is identified by means of a distance meter composed of a hole 13 placed in front of a detector 14 which receives the flux emitted by the guide emitter after reflection on the blade 3 and the semi-transparent blade 15. The hole 13 is symmetrical with 9 in the blade 15. This assembly is rigid and non-deformable.
  • the detector 14 is provided with a deviation receiver 16 similar to that of the missile. We can thus measure at any time the deviation of the axis 11 from its nominal position.
  • the error signal is directed to a correction element 17 which will deflect the laser beam 7 and the position of the center of the field 9 so as to cancel the deviation.
  • the correction element 17 can, in certain cases, be incorporated into the scanning system 8 by acting directly on the scans of the field without additional deflection element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'asservissement de l'axe de guidage d'un système de guidage à champ variable à l'axe de visée d'une lunette de visée, celle-ci comportant un objectif, un réticule et un oculaire, ledit système de guidage comprenant un émetteur de guidage sur faisceau optique, un système de balayage ou de codage du champ de guidage dont le centre est projeté à l'infini au moyen d'un objectif à focale variable ou zoom suivant l'axe de guidage reliant l'axe optique du zoom audit centre du champ de guidage.The invention relates to a device for controlling the guide axis of a guidance system with a variable field to the line of sight of a telescopic sight, the latter comprising a lens, a reticle and an eyepiece, said guidance system comprising an optical beam guidance emitter, a guidance field scanning or coding system the center of which is projected to infinity by means of a variable focal length or zoom lens along the guidance axis connecting the optical axis of the zoom to said center of the guide field.

Ce dispositif s'applique particulièrement aux systèmes de guidage de missile sur faisceau laser dans lesquels le champ angulaire de guidage est variable selon une loi prédéterminée fonction de l'éloignement du missile.This device is particularly applicable to missile guidance systems on laser beam in which the angular guidance field is variable according to a predetermined law depending on the distance of the missile.

De tels systèmes utilisent en général des objectifs à focale variable pour projeter le faisceau de guidage sur l'axe duquel le missile asservit sa trajectoire. Le rapport des distances focales de ces objectifs entre l'instant de la mise à feu et celui de la fin du vol peut être supérieur à 100. Ces objectifs sont des zoom dont la variation de la distance focale est obtenue par la translation de plusieurs groupes de lentilles le long de l'axe mécanique de l'objectif. Une des principales difficultés de réalisation de ces optiques est de conserver un axe optique dont la direction est fixe à toutes les distances focales, cet axe devant être parallèle à la ligne de visée dans toutes les conditions de l'environnement.Such systems generally use objectives with variable focal length to project the guide beam on the axis of which the missile controls its trajectory. The ratio of the focal lengths of these objectives between the instant of ignition and that of the end of the flight can be greater than 100. These objectives are zoom lenses, the variation of the focal distance of which is obtained by the translation of several groups of lenses along the mechanical axis of the objective. One of the main difficulties in producing these optics is to keep an optical axis whose direction is fixed at all focal distances, this axis having to be parallel to the line of sight under all environmental conditions.

Pour remédier à ces difficultés, on a proposé dans le document de brevet français 2 358 674 de remplacer l'objectif à focale variable par un objectif dit "pseudozoom". Cependant cet objectif pseudo-zoom ne permet pas de satisfaire de manière continue et donc précise ladite loi prédéterminée.To remedy these difficulties, it has been proposed in the French patent document 2,358,674 to replace the variable focal length lens with a so-called "pseudozoom" objective. However, this pseudo-zoom objective does not make it possible to continuously satisfy and therefore precise said predetermined law.

Dans le document de brevet français 2 467 378, on suggère des moyens d' asservissement pour harmoniser des axes optiques. Ces moyens impliquent des mesures de grandeur mécanique de balayages qui ne tiennent pas compte des déplacements intempestifs des organes optiques.In French patent document 2 467 378, means of servo-control are suggested for harmonizing optical axes. These means involve mechanical magnitude measurements of scans which do not take into account untimely movements of the optical members.

La présente invention propose un dispositif d'asservissement de structure simple qui tient compte dans une plus large mesure du déplacement des organes optiques.The present invention provides a simple structure servo device which takes into account to a greater extent the displacement of the optical members.

Pour cela, un tel dispositif est remarquable en ce que il comporte une lame à faces parallèles prise comme pièce optique de référence et fixée rigidement sur la lunette pour régler l'axe de visée de ladite lunette, par translation du réticule dans son plan jusqu' à ce que le réticule et son image obtenue par autocollimation sur ladite lame et observés à travers l'oculaire soient confondus, un écartomètre pour repérer tout déplacement transversal du centre optique du zoom qui entraîne une déviation angulaire dudit axe de guidage, écartomètre composé d'un trou symétrique dudit centre du champ de guidage par rapport á une autre lame à faces parallèles semi-transparente, et d'un détecteur disposé en face dudit trou de manière à recevoir flux issu de l'émetteur de guidage après réflexions successives sur lesdites lames, détecteur relié à l'entrée d'un récepteur d'écartométrie pour délivrer à sa sortie un signal d'erreur mesurant l'écart de l'axe optique du zoom par rapport à sa position nominale parallèle à l'axe de visée et dirigé vers un élément de correction sur le trajet du faisceau laser pour dévier ce faisceau et la position du centre dudit champ de guidage de façon à annuler ledit écart.For this, such a device is remarkable in that it comprises a blade with parallel faces taken as an optical reference piece and rigidly fixed on the telescope to adjust the line of sight of said telescope, by translation of the reticle in its plane up to so that the reticle and its image obtained by self-animation on said slide and observed through the eyepiece are combined, a deviation meter to identify any transverse displacement of the optical center of the zoom which causes an angular deviation of said guide axis, a deviation gauge composed of a symmetrical hole in said center of the guide field with respect to another blade with semi-transparent parallel faces, and a detector arranged in front of said hole so as to receive flux from the guide emitter after successive reflections on said blades , detector connected to the input of a deviation meter to deliver an error signal at its output measuring the deviation of the op axis tick of the zoom relative to its nominal position parallel to the line of sight and directed towards a correction element on the path of the laser beam to deflect this beam and the position of the center of said guide field so as to cancel said deviation.

La description suivante en regard du dessin annexé, le tout donné à titre d'exemple, fera bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée.The following description with reference to the appended drawing, all given by way of example, will make it clear how the invention can be implemented.

La figure unique représente 1e schéma de principe d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention.The single figure shows the block diagram of a device according to the invention.

La lunette de visée 1 définit l'axe de visée 2, il est réglé par construction perpendiculaire à la lame à faces parallèles 3 fixée rigidement sur la lunette de visée 1. Ce réglage est obtenu par exemple par translation dans son plan du réticule 4 jusqu'à ce que le réticule et son image par autocollimaton sur la lame 3 soient confondus. L'image est observée par l'observateur 5 à travers l'oculaire 6. Pour ce réglage, le réticule doit être lumineux ou éclairé par une source non représentée.The telescopic sight 1 defines the sight axis 2, it is adjusted by construction perpendicular to the blade with parallel faces 3 rigidly fixed on the telescopic sight 1. This adjustment is obtained for example by translation in its plane of the reticle 4 until the reticle and its sticker image on slide 3 are confused. The image is observed by the observer 5 through the eyepiece 6. For this adjustment, the reticle must be luminous or illuminated by a source not shown.

Le projecteur de guidage comprend le faisceau laser 7, un système de balayage ou de codage 8 du champ de guidage dont le centre est le point 9, un objectif de projection à focale variable 10. L'axe de guidage est l'axe 11.The guide projector comprises the laser beam 7, a scanning or coding system 8 for the guide field, the center of which is point 9, a projection lens with variable focal length 10. The guide axis is axis 11.

Cet axe de guidage 11 doit être stable à toutes les distances focales du zoom 10 et parallèle à l'axe 2 malgré les imperfections mécaniques du zoom (jeux, dilatations, etc...).This guide axis 11 must be stable at all the focal distances of the zoom 10 and parallel to the axis 2 despite the mechanical imperfections of the zoom (clearances, dilations, etc.).

L'axe 11 passe par le centre optique 12 du zoom (représenté ici comme une lentille simple) et le centre 9 du champ de guidage. Tout déplacement transversal de 12 entraîne une déviation angulaire de l'axe 11. Ce déplacement est repéré au moyen d'un écartomètre composé d'un trou 13 placé devant un détecteur 14 qui reçoit le flux émis par l'émetteur de guidage après réflexion sur la lame 3 et la lame semi-transparente 15. Le trou 13 est symétrique de 9 dans la lame 15. Cet ensemble est rigide et indéformable.The axis 11 passes through the optical center 12 of the zoom (represented here as a simple lens) and the center 9 of the guide field. Any transverse movement of 12 causes an angular deviation of the axis 11. This movement is identified by means of a distance meter composed of a hole 13 placed in front of a detector 14 which receives the flux emitted by the guide emitter after reflection on the blade 3 and the semi-transparent blade 15. The hole 13 is symmetrical with 9 in the blade 15. This assembly is rigid and non-deformable.

Le détecteur 14 est muni d'un récepteur d'écartométrie 16 semblable à celui du missile. On peut ainsi mesurer à tout instant l'écart de l'axe 11 par rapport à sa position nominale.The detector 14 is provided with a deviation receiver 16 similar to that of the missile. We can thus measure at any time the deviation of the axis 11 from its nominal position.

Le signal d'erreur est dirigé vers un élément de correction 17 qui va dévier le faisceau laser 7 et la position du centre du champ 9 de façon à annuler l'écart.The error signal is directed to a correction element 17 which will deflect the laser beam 7 and the position of the center of the field 9 so as to cancel the deviation.

L'élément de correction 17 peut être, dans certains cas, incorporé au système de balayage 8 en agissant directement sur les balayages du champ sans élément de déviation supplémentaire.The correction element 17 can, in certain cases, be incorporated into the scanning system 8 by acting directly on the scans of the field without additional deflection element.

Le réglage initial de construction consiste à :

  • 1. régler l'axe 2 perpendiculaire à la lame 3
  • 2. harmoniser l'axe 11 par rapport à l'axe 2 au moyen d'un outillage de contrôle approprié pour une focale quelconque du zoom
  • 3. régler la position du trou 13 pour que l'écartomètre 16 donne un signal d'erreur nul
  • 4. brancher l'asservissement et vérifier que l'écart s'annule à toutes les distances focales du zoom.
The initial construction adjustment consists of:
  • 1. set the axis 2 perpendicular to the blade 3
  • 2. harmonize axis 11 with respect to axis 2 by means of a control tool suitable for any focal length of the zoom
  • 3. adjust the position of hole 13 so that the distance meter 16 gives a zero error signal
  • 4. connect the servo and check that the difference is canceled at all focal lengths of the zoom.

Les avantages de ce schéma par rapport à un contrôle de l'axe 11 par un écartomètre extérieur sont les suivants :

  • Le grandissement entre les points 9 et 13 est toujours égal à l'unité quelle que soit la distance focale du zoom puisque celui-ci est traversé 2 fois.
  • Le flux traversant le trou 13 est constant. La dynamique de l'écartomètre peut être faible. La précision de mesure est optimale.
  • Le facteur de transmission des lames 3 et 15 est voisin de 95 %. On atténue faiblement le faisceau de guidage.
  • On utilise l'ouverture totale du faisceau de guidage, il n'y a pas de perte de résolution par diffraction due à une diaphragmation des faisceaux. La précision de mesure est optimale.
  • L'encombrement est minimal.
The advantages of this diagram compared to a control of axis 11 by an external distance meter are the following:
  • The magnification between points 9 and 13 is always equal to unity regardless of the focal length of the zoom since it is crossed twice.
  • The flow through the hole 13 is constant. The dynamics of the devometer may be weak. The measurement accuracy is optimal.
  • The transmission factor of blades 3 and 15 is close to 95%. The guide beam is slightly attenuated.
  • The total opening of the guide beam is used, there is no loss of resolution by diffraction due to a diaphragmation of the beams. The measurement accuracy is optimal.
  • The dimensions are minimal.

Claims (3)

  1. A device for controlling the guidance axis (11) of a variable field guidance system with respect to the sight axis (2) of a sighting telescope (1) comprising an objective lens, a reticle (4) and an ocular (6), said guidance system comprising an optical guidance beam transmitter (7), a scanning or coding system (8) for the guidance field whose centre (9) is projected at infinity by means of a variable focus or zoom objective lens (10) along the guidance axis (11) connecting the optical centre (12) of the zoom lens and the said guidance field centre (9), characterized in that it comprises a plane-parallel plate (3) forming an optical reference element and being rigidly fixed to the telescope (1) for controlling the sight axis (2) of said telescope, by translating the reticle (4) in its plane until the reticle and its autocollimated image formed by said plate and observed through the ocular are in register, each transverse movement of the optical centre of the zoom lens which causes an angular deviation of said guidance axis being detected by an error measuring device (13, 14, 16) having an aperture (13) which is arranged symmetrical to the guidance field centre (9) with respect to a further partially transparent plane-parallel plate (15), and a detector (14) arranged opposite said aperture so as to receive the flux from the guidance beam transmitter after successive reflections from said plates, said detector being connected to the input of an error measuring receiver (16) for supplying an error signal at its output, which signal is a measure of the deviation of the optical axis of the zoom lens with respect to its nominal position which is parallel to the sight axis and which is applied to a correction element (17) in the beam path for deflecting this beam and varying the position of said guidance field centre in such a manner that said deviation is eliminated.
  2. A device as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that said optical guidance beam is a laser beam.
  3. A device as claimed in any one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said correction element is incorporated in said scanning system and influences the scanning of the field.
EP86202171A 1985-12-13 1986-12-04 Device for controlling the bore sighting of a variable field guidance system with respect to a sighting telescope Expired - Lifetime EP0228734B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8518467 1985-12-13
FR8518467A FR2591767B1 (en) 1985-12-13 1985-12-13 METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE AXIS OF A VARIABLE FIELD GUIDANCE SYSTEM WITH THE AXIS OF A RIFLE SCOPE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0228734A1 EP0228734A1 (en) 1987-07-15
EP0228734B1 true EP0228734B1 (en) 1991-03-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86202171A Expired - Lifetime EP0228734B1 (en) 1985-12-13 1986-12-04 Device for controlling the bore sighting of a variable field guidance system with respect to a sighting telescope

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US (1) US4741618A (en)
EP (1) EP0228734B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62140118A (en)
DE (1) DE3678128D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2591767B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3624128A1 (en) * 1986-07-17 1988-02-04 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm PARALLEL ALIGNMENT METHOD
DE3911307C2 (en) * 1989-04-07 1998-04-09 Busch Dieter & Co Prueftech Method for determining whether two shafts arranged one behind the other are aligned or offset with respect to their central axis
FR2793559B1 (en) * 1999-05-12 2001-07-27 Cit Alcatel METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING ERRORS OF HARMONIZATION OF THE AXIS OF AN OPTICAL INSTRUMENT
JP3395733B2 (en) * 1999-10-05 2003-04-14 三菱電機株式会社 Lightwave jammer
JP4446087B2 (en) * 2004-03-01 2010-04-07 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 Photodetector and photodetection system using the same
CN105091792B (en) * 2015-05-12 2017-11-03 西安邮电大学 A kind of device and its scaling method for demarcating many optical axis system optical axis depth of parallelisms

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FR2133176A5 (en) * 1971-04-09 1972-11-24 Comp Generale Electricite
DE2426785C3 (en) * 1974-06-01 1979-02-01 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Device for aligning the two optical axes of a combined telescopic sight / IR goniometer system
US4326799A (en) * 1975-08-06 1982-04-27 Raytheon Company Active-passive scanning system
US4100404A (en) * 1976-07-13 1978-07-11 Sanders Associates, Inc. Beam projector
US4179085A (en) * 1978-01-03 1979-12-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Optical boresight method for nutating system
DE2941627B1 (en) * 1979-10-13 1981-04-23 Eltro GmbH, Gesellschaft für Strahlentechnik, 6900 Heidelberg Method and device for harmonizing optical axes
US4326800A (en) * 1980-05-05 1982-04-27 Hughes Aircraft Company Laser beam wavefront and line-of-sight error correction system
US4385834A (en) * 1980-07-28 1983-05-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Laser beam boresight system
DE3034922C2 (en) * 1980-09-16 1982-11-25 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Adjustment and testing device for a laser distance measuring system
JPS5834420A (en) * 1981-08-26 1983-02-28 Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency Optical device
GB2125162B (en) * 1982-07-26 1985-09-18 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Optical alignment system
US4662727A (en) * 1983-08-01 1987-05-05 Hughes Aircraft Company Two-axis optical inertial system using a gyro rotor as a stable reference

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3678128D1 (en) 1991-04-18
FR2591767A1 (en) 1987-06-19
JPS62140118A (en) 1987-06-23
EP0228734A1 (en) 1987-07-15
FR2591767B1 (en) 1988-02-19
US4741618A (en) 1988-05-03

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