EP0228715B1 - Kubisches Bornitrid enthaltender gesinterter Presskörper für Stirnfräser - Google Patents

Kubisches Bornitrid enthaltender gesinterter Presskörper für Stirnfräser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0228715B1
EP0228715B1 EP86118172A EP86118172A EP0228715B1 EP 0228715 B1 EP0228715 B1 EP 0228715B1 EP 86118172 A EP86118172 A EP 86118172A EP 86118172 A EP86118172 A EP 86118172A EP 0228715 B1 EP0228715 B1 EP 0228715B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
binder
sintered compact
percent
end mill
cubic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP86118172A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0228715A2 (de
EP0228715A3 (en
Inventor
Tetsuo Itami Works Sumitomo El. Ind. Ltd. Nakai
Mitsuhiro Itami Works Sumitomo El. Ind. Ltd. Goto
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/16—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sintered compact for a tool which is prepared by cubic boron nitride (hereinafter referred to as cBN), and particularly to an improvement in a cBN compact suitably used for an end mill.
  • cBN cubic boron nitride
  • Cubic boron nitride is the hardest substance next to diamond, and sintered compacts thereof are applied to various cutting tools.
  • Japanese Patent Laying-Open Gazette No. 77811/1978 discloses an example of such a cSN sintered compact applicable to a cutting tool.
  • the prior art discloses a hard sintered compact which mainly contains 80 to 40 percent by volume of cubic boron nitride and a residue of carbide, nitride, boride or silicide of a transition metal selected from groups IVa, Va and VIa of the periodic table, a mixture thereof or a mutual solid-solution compound thereof, or those further comprising Si and/or Al.
  • a compound is continuous in bonding phase in the structure of the sintered compact.
  • This hard sintered compact for a tool employs carbide, nitride, boride or silicide of a transition metal selected from the groups IVa, Va and VIa of the periodic table, a mutual solid-solution compound thereof or the like.
  • Such compounds are relatively hard and of high melting points. Therefore, sintered compacts prepared by these compounds generally present high performance in application to cutting tools.
  • a harder sintered compact is preferred in case of using the cBN sintered compact as a high hard sintered compact for cutting tools. Therefore, as described above, the compact containing high volume of cBN has been used. However, in case of the compact being applied to an end mill among cutting tools for cutting high hard materials, even high hard sintered compact described above is frequently broken in an initial stage of cutting.
  • a cBN sintered compact suitable for an end mill can be obtained by mixing about 35 to 50 percent by volume of cBN particles smaller than about 2 ⁇ m in average particle size, preferably smaller than 1 ⁇ m, with about 50 to 65 percent by volume of the following binder and sintering the mixed powder under cBN-stable conditions.
  • the feature of the present invention resides in employment of cBN power smaller than about 2 ⁇ m in average particle size and a binder, apart from impurities, consisting of about 20 to 30 percent by weight of Al; and one or more Ti compounds selected from TiN z , Ti(C,N) z , TiC z , (Ti,M)C z , (Ti,M) (C,N) z and (Ti,M)N z (where M indicates a transition metal element of the group IVa, Va or VIa of the periodic table excepting Ti and z is within a range of about 0.7 ⁇ z ⁇ about 0.85) in which the atomic ratio of Ti to the total metal content of the groups IVa, Va and VIa of the periodic table is about 2/3 to 97/100, and tungsten in the form of at least one of the Ti compounds and tungsten carbide wherein the total tungsten concentration in the binder is about 5 to 20 percent by weight. in the binder is about 5 to 20 percent by weight
  • the cBN sintered compact according to the present invention shows excellent performance in intermittent cutting through a tool such as an end mill for the following reason: It is believed that, when the cBN sintered compact is applied to an end mill, the cutting edge of the cBN sintered compact is abraded by slight chipping to increase cutting resistance, whereby the cutting edge is broken. Such slight chipping is caused by falling or breaking of the cBN particles. Therefore, it is believed that breaking and falling of the cBN particles can be prevented by decreasing the particle size of the cBN particles and reducing the content thereof.
  • the binder used contains one or more Ti compounds selected from TiN z , Ti(C,N) z , TiC z , (Ti,M)C z , (Ti,M)(C,N) z and (Ti,M)N z (where M indicates a transition metal element of the group IVa, Va or VIa of the periodic table excepting Ti).
  • the binder further contains about 20 to 30 percent by weight of Al and about 5 to 20 percent by weight of tungsten.
  • the binder itself is excellent in strength and superior in abrasion resistance.
  • the binder is particularly improved in strength and wear resistance by containing tungsten.
  • the binder contains Al, and it is believed that such Al improves bonding strength of cBN and the binder.
  • the bonding strength of cBN and the binder is improved by introducing the Ti compound containing free Ti in the binder so that Ti reacts with cBN or part of the binder.
  • the cBN powder must be smaller than about 2 ⁇ m in particle size. If the cBN powder is larger than about 2 ⁇ m in particle size, the cBN particles per se are easily broken.
  • the cBN content is preferably within a range of about 35 to 50 percent by volume. If the cBN content is less than about 35 percent by volume, hardness of the sintered compact is insufficient whereby the cutting edge is deformed in cutting. When the cBN content is in excess of about 50 percent by volume, on the other hand, chipping is easily caused by falling of the cBN particles.
  • the binder must contain about 20 to 30 percent by weight of Al. If the Al content in the binder is less than about 20 percent by weight, retaining force for cBN is reduced while hardness is reduced when the Al content exceeds about 30 percent by weight.
  • tungsten content in the binder is less than about 5 percent by weight, further, strength and wear resistance cannot be increased while bond strength within the binder is reduced when the tungsten content is in excess of about 20 percent by weight.
  • the atomic ratio of Ti to the total content of transition metal elements of the groups IVa, Va and VIa of the periodic table is about 2/3 to 97/100 in the binder.
  • the Ti content is decreased to reduce bond strength of the binder itself and that of cBN and the binder, while bonding phases are reduced in wear resistance when the atomic ratio is in excess of about 97/100.
  • the binder preferably contains 20 to 30 percent by weight of Al as well as TiN z , (Ti,W)N z and WC, to further improve the characteristics of the sintered compact.
  • the sintered compact is excellent in strength and wear resistance when titanium boride, aluminum boride, aluminum nitride, a tungsten compound and/or tungsten are produced as reaction products.
  • cBN powder smaller than about 1 ⁇ m in particle size is mixed with binder powder to obtain mixed powder.
  • a tungsten compound is preferably mixed with a Al or compound containing Al and a compound containing Ti, namely, TiN Z , Ti(C,N) Z , TiC Z , (Ti,M)N Z , (Ti,M)(C,N) Z , (Ti,M)C Z [Z is about 0.7 to 0.85 and M indicates a transition metal element of the group IVa, Va or VIa of the periodic table excepting Ti] in advance, to thereafter mix the cBN powder.
  • Wc powder, Ti compound powder and Al or an intermetallic compound of Ti and Al are made to react at a temperature of 1000°C to 1500°C and homoginized to be mixed with the cBN powder, thereby to further uniformly disperse the binder.
  • the value of z in the aforementioned chemical formulas of the Ti compounds is preferably within a range of about 0.7 to 0.85. Hardness of the sintered compact is exceedingly reduced when the value z is less than about 0.7, while, on the other hand, reaction between Ti and cBN or the binder is weakened by decrease of free Ti when the value z is in excess of about 0.85, whereby bonding strength of cBN and the binder is reduced to cause falling of cBN particles.
  • the mixed powder thus obtained is generally degassed and crushed and preferably pressed and then it is sintered through a superhigh pressure apparatus.
  • the sintering is performed under a pressure of about over 20 Kb and a temperature of 1000°C to 1500°C.
  • the range of pressure is decided by economical reasons, particularly durability of pressing units such as a chamber.
  • the cBN sintered compact for an end mill according to the present invention is obtained by mixing 35 to 50 percent by volume of cBN powder smaller than 2 ⁇ m in average particle size with about 50 to 65 percent by volume of the aforementioned binder and sintering the same under a superhigh pressure, whereby the sintered compact has high hardness suitable for an end mill, to substantially prevent breaking of cBN particles in the initial stage of cutting.
  • TiN 0.75 , WC and Al powder were mixed and homoginized at a temperature of 1200°C and the binder thus obtained was pulverized through a ball mill to be smaller than about 1 ⁇ m in particle size.
  • the binder powder thus obtained contained TiN 0.75 , WC and Al in the weight ratio of 65:10:23.
  • the atomic ratio of Ti to W was 95.5:43.
  • the binder powder was mixed in the volume ratio of 6:4 with cBN powder smaller than 1 ⁇ m in average particle size and degassed at a temperature of 1000°C, to obtain mixed powder.
  • a disc of cemented carbide of WC-10wt.%Co was placed in a Mo vessel and the aforementioned mixed powder was filled and then the vessel was sealed by a plug of Mo. Then, the vessel was retained under a pressure of 50 Kb and a temperature of 1300°C for 15 minutes for sintering.
  • the sintered compact thus obtained was taken out from the Mo vessel for observation through a scanning type electron microscope, to recognize that the sintered compact, in which cBN particles smaller than 1 ⁇ m in average particle size were uniformly dispersed in the binder, was strongly bonded to cemented carbide.
  • the sintered compact was further identified through X-ray diffraction, so that it was observed that the compact presented peaks considered as those of cBN, (Ti,W)(C,N), TiB2, AlB2, AlN and tungsten boride.
  • a straight end mill of 20 mm in diameter was manufactured through the aforementioned sintered compact.
  • a straight end mill of 20 mm in diameter was manufactured by a sintered compact containing 60 percent by volume of cBN powder of 3 ⁇ m in average particle size and a residue of a binder similar to the above.
  • the tip of the end mill of the sintered compact according to the present invention was abraded merely by 0.05 mm upon cutting of 5 m, while the end mill of the reference example was broken upon cutting of 1 m.
  • End mills of 6 mm in diameter were manufactured through the samples N and R in Table 1-1, to cut SKD-4 materials (H RC : 45) under the following conditions: Speed of Rotation: 6000 r.p.m. Axial Depth of Cut: 2 mm Diametrical Depth of Cut: 6 mm Feed: 0.2 mm/tooth Type: Wet
  • an end mill of cemented carbide of 6 mm in diameter was also applied to cutting at the speed of rotation of 800 r.p.m. under cutting conditions similar to the above.
  • the tip of the sample N was broken upon cutting of 7 m, while the flank wear width was 0.13 mm upon cutting of 20 m in the sample R.
  • the end mill of cemented carbide was made incapable of cutting upon cutting of 2 m, with abrasion width of 0.3 mm.
  • TiN 0.9 , Al3Ti and WC powder were mixed in the weight ratio of 56:34:10.
  • the binder thus obtained contained 21.4 percent by weight of Al while the atomic ratio of Ti to W was 95.9:4.1 and the atomic ratio of Ti to N was 1:0.7.
  • the binder powder was mixed in the volume ratio of 62:38 with cBN powder of 0.7 ⁇ m in average particle size, and the mixed powder thus obtained was sintered under superhigh pressure and temperature similarly to Example 1.
  • the sintered compact was worked into an end mill of 12 mm in diameter having effective cutting length of 6 mm to perform a cutting test on an SKH-9 material (H RC : 63) under the following conditions: Speed of Rotation: 2300 r.p.m. Axial Depth of Cut: 3 mm Diametrical Depth of Cut: 0.3 mm Feed: 0.2 mm/tooth
  • end mills of the same configuration were manufactured through the samples A and H of Example 2 to perform a cutting test under the same conditions.
  • Wear width of the tool cutting face measured upon cutting of 10 m was 0.058 mm in the end mill of the sintered compact of this Example, while the same was 0.051 mm in the end mill of the sample A of Example 2 and the tip was broken upon cutting of 1.2 m in the end mill employing the sintered compact of the sample H.
  • TiN 0.7 , Al and WC powder were mixed in the weight ratio of 68:22:10.
  • the atomic ratio of Ti to W in the binder thus obtained was 95.9:4.1.
  • the binder powders were mixed with cBN powder materials in the ratio as listed in Table 5.
  • the mixed powder materials thus obtained were sintered under a pressure of 45 Kb and a temperature of 1300°C for 20 minutes to obtain sintered compacts similaly to Example 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Kubisches Bornitrid enthaltender Preßkörper für Stirnfräser, der durch Sintern eines pulverförmigen Gemischs erhalten wird, das etwa 35 bis 50 Volumen-% pulverförmiges kubisches Bornitrid mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengröße von weniger als 2 µm und einen Bindemittelrest unter für kubisches Bornitrid stabilden Bedingungen enthält,
    - wobei das Bindemittel außer Fremdbestandteilen etwa 20 bis 30 Gewichts-% Aluminium und eine oder mehrere Ti-Verbindungen enhält, die aus TiNz, Ti(C,N)z, TiCz, (Ti,M)Cz, (Ti,M)(C,N)z und (Ti,M)Nz (wobei M ein Übergangsmetallelement der Gruppe IVa, Va oder VIa des Periodensystems ist, außer wenn Ti und z innerhalb eines Bereichs von 0,7 ≦ z ≦ 0,85 ist),
    - das Atomverhältnis des Ti-Gehalts in dem Bindemittel bezüglich des Gesamtgehalts an Übergangsmetallelementen der Gruppen IVa, Va und VIa des Periodensystems etwa 2/3 zu 97/100 beträgt, und
    - Wolfram in Form von wenigstens einer der Ti-Verbindungen und WC enthalten ist, wobei die Wolfram-Gesamtkonzentration in dem Bindemittel etwa 5 bis 20
    Gewichs-% beträgt.
  2. Kubisches Bornitrid enthaltender gesinterter Preßkörper für Stirnfräser nach Anspruch 1, wobei der gesinterte Preßkörper zusätzlich zu dem kubischen Bornitrid eines oder mehrere Elemente, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von TiN, Ti(C,N), TiC, (Ti,M)C, (Ti,M)(C,N) und (Ti,M)N, und eines oder mehrere Elemente, ausgewählt aus einer Gruppe von Titanborid, Aluminiumborid, Aluminiumnitrid, einer Wolfram-Verbindung und Wolfram, enthält, als Reaktionsprodukt nach dem Sintern.
  3. Kubisches Bornitrid enthaltender gesinterter Preßkörper für Stirnfräser nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Bindemittel etwa 20 bis 30 Gewichts-% Aluminium enthält und die Ti-Verbindung TiNz oder (Ti,W)Nz ist (wobei ca. 0,7 ≦ z ≦ ca. 0,85) und das Wolfram in dem Bindemittel zu etwa 5 bis 15 Gewichts-% in Form von Wolframkarbid enthalten ist.
  4. Kubisches Bornitrid enthaltender gesinterter Preßkörper für Stirnfräser nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Aluminium in Form einer Aluminium-Verbindung beigemischt wird.
  5. Kubisches Bornitrid enthaltender gesinterter Preßkörper für Stirnfräser nach Anspruch 1, wobei das pulverförmige kubische Bornitrid ein durchschnittliche Teilchengröße von weniger als 1 µm hat.
  6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kubisches Bornitrid enthaltenden gesinterten Preßkörpers für Stirnfräser, welches umfaßt:
    - das Mischen von etwa 35 bis 50 Volumen-% von pulverförmigem kubischen Bornitrid mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengröße von weniger als etwa 2 µm mit etwa 50 bis 65 Volumen-% eines Bindemittels, wobei das Bindemittel außer Fremdbestandteilen etwa 20 bis 30 Gewichts-% Aluminium und eine oder mehrere Ti-Verbindungen enhält, die aus TiNz, Ti(C,N)z, TiCz, (Ti,M)Cz, (Ti,M)(C,N)z und (Ti,M)Nz (wobei M ein Übergangsmetallelement der Gruppe IVa, Va oder VIa des Periodensystems ist, außer wenn Ti und z innerhalb eines Bereichs von 0,7 ≦ z ≦ 0,85 ist), wobei das Atomverhältnis des Ti-Gehalts in dem Bindemittel bezüglich des Gesamtgehalts an Übergangsmetallelementen der Gruppen IVa, Va und VIa etwa 2/3 zu 97/100 beträgt, und Wolfram in Form von wenigstens einer der Ti-Verbindungen und WC, wobei die Wolfram-Gesamtkonzentration in dem Bindemittel etwa 5 bis 20 Gewichts-% beträgt; und
    - das Sintern des pulverförmigen Gemischs unter cBN-stabilen Superhochdruckbedingungen.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kubisches Bornitrid enthaltenden gesinterten Preßkörpers für Stirnfräser nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Sintern bei einem Druck von in etwa über 20 Kb und einer Temperatur von 1000°C bis 1500°C durchgeführt wird.
  8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kubisches Bornitrid enthaltenden gesinterten Preßkörpers für Stirnfräser nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Wolfram in form von Wolframkarbid beigemischt ist.
EP86118172A 1986-01-06 1986-12-31 Kubisches Bornitrid enthaltender gesinterter Presskörper für Stirnfräser Expired - Lifetime EP0228715B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP858/86 1986-01-06
JP85886 1986-01-06

Publications (3)

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EP0228715A2 EP0228715A2 (de) 1987-07-15
EP0228715A3 EP0228715A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0228715B1 true EP0228715B1 (de) 1991-09-25

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EP86118172A Expired - Lifetime EP0228715B1 (de) 1986-01-06 1986-12-31 Kubisches Bornitrid enthaltender gesinterter Presskörper für Stirnfräser

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US4693746A (de)
EP (1) EP0228715B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0621315B2 (de)
KR (1) KR930000466B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1269850A (de)
DE (1) DE3681713D1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA8729B (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11396482B2 (en) 2018-09-19 2022-07-26 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Cubic boron nitride sintered material, cutting tool including cubic boron nitride sintered material, and method of producing cubic boron nitride sintered material

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US4693746A (en) 1987-09-15
EP0228715A2 (de) 1987-07-15
EP0228715A3 (en) 1989-03-15
DE3681713D1 (de) 1991-10-31
KR870007294A (ko) 1987-08-18
ZA8729B (en) 1987-09-30
KR930000466B1 (ko) 1993-01-21
JPS62253746A (ja) 1987-11-05
CA1269850A (en) 1990-06-05
JPH0621315B2 (ja) 1994-03-23

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