EP0228345B1 - Magnetic-release mechanism for an earth fault circuit breaker - Google Patents

Magnetic-release mechanism for an earth fault circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0228345B1
EP0228345B1 EP86810539A EP86810539A EP0228345B1 EP 0228345 B1 EP0228345 B1 EP 0228345B1 EP 86810539 A EP86810539 A EP 86810539A EP 86810539 A EP86810539 A EP 86810539A EP 0228345 B1 EP0228345 B1 EP 0228345B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
yoke
coil
permanent magnet
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86810539A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0228345A1 (en
Inventor
Sigmar Kotoll
Reto Farina
Hans-Jürg Rutishauser
Willy Schwarz
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ABB CMC Carl Meier AG
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CMC Carl Maier and Cie AG
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Application filed by CMC Carl Maier and Cie AG filed Critical CMC Carl Maier and Cie AG
Priority to AT86810539T priority Critical patent/ATE46056T1/en
Publication of EP0228345A1 publication Critical patent/EP0228345A1/en
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Publication of EP0228345B1 publication Critical patent/EP0228345B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
    • H01H71/321—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements
    • H01H71/323—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements with rotatable armature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetic release for residual current circuit breakers with a permanent magnet, a coil with a metal core, a yoke, an armature that can be pivoted by spring force and is mounted on a bearing plate of the yoke, and a plunger that can be actuated by this armature to trigger the switching lock, the yoke also the metal core projecting into the coil and the armature are made of a highly permeable metal alloy with a low coercive force.
  • Residual current circuit breakers known as RCCBs for short, have been known for around thirty years. They prevent electrical accidents and fires in electrical systems.
  • the residual current circuit breaker continuously monitors the electrical installation and switches off before a current flowing to earth can become dangerous.
  • a current is referred to as a fault current and in any case means a danger to people, animals, apparatus and / or objects.
  • a magnetomechanical element is preferred for the most demanding element of the Fl circuit breaker, the trigger.
  • a permanent magnet attracts an armature as long as the magnetic force is greater than the opposing force, usually a spring force.
  • a current generated in the secondary winding of the total current transformer is guided in the magnetic release in such a way that it weakens the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet.
  • the magnetic force becomes smaller than the spring force and the armature breaks off.
  • the falling anchor acts on the freewheeling mechanism of the RCCB and thus opens the main contacts. The mentioned freewheel ensures that the RCCB can switch off even when the control handle is held.
  • the magnetic release thus amplifies the weak induction current generated by the residual current in the total current transformer and triggers the switch lock.
  • DE-OS 25 29 221 shows a magnetic release for RCCBs with a hinged armature system, in which the excitation flow flows over the armature bearing. With frequent switching there is abrasion and an additional air gap, which has an unfavorable effect on the excitation flow.
  • the inventors have set themselves the task of creating a magnetic release for RCCBs that requires a very small tripping power, has small dimensions, achieves a large ratio of the tripping power output to the electrically picked up tripping power and maintains a constant tripping power over a large number of operations.
  • the magnetic release With the magnetic release according to the invention, small, inexpensive residual current circuit breakers can be built, because not only the magnetic release itself, but also the summation current transformer can be dimensioned very small because of the large ratio of the delivered to the electrically absorbed release power. Furthermore, the magnetic release does not require any auxiliary energy, which is why the release also works in the event of undervoltage, even if the neutral wire breaks.
  • one or more magnetically poorly conductive zones are formed in the area of the armature bearing. These prevent a magnetic short circuit between the two yoke plates in the vicinity of the pivot axis of the armature.
  • the magnetically poorly conductive zone (s) can be attached to the yoke and / or to the armature. These low permeability zones prevent the short circuit of the permanent magnetic flux, which is not achieved, for example, with an arrangement according to FR-OS 2 112 415, FIG. 3.
  • a cutting edge can be formed on the anchor, which consists of a highly permeable alloy, for example a nickel-iron alloy, by means of non-cutting or machining.
  • the cutting edge can also be formed from one or two small plates which are fixed to the anchor. These plates expediently consist of the same magnetically poorly conductive material as the intermediate layer (s) mentioned above. The plates are therefore harder and more wear-resistant than the anchor material.
  • the two flat, preferably unequal long yoke sheets are separated by a magnetically poorly conductive diaphragm, which creates a defined magnetic shunt to the armature.
  • the diaphragm consists, for example, of a sheet metal or a film, in particular of mica, copper or a copper alloy.
  • a diaphragm consisting of a solid can also be a surface coating which is applied to at least one of the yoke sheets and consists, for example, of chemically deposited nickel or copper.
  • the diaphragm can also be formed by an air gap in that the two yoke sheets are held at a distance from one another.
  • the coupling point for the permanent magnetic flux formed on one side of each yoke plate corresponds to the geometric shape of the permanent magnet, so it is preferably round or flat.
  • the permanent magnet consists of a magnetic material with the greatest possible coercive force and medium remanence. These properties have, for example, ferrites, aluminum-nickel-iron and aluminum-nickel-cobalt-iron alloys.
  • a cylindrical permanent magnet is expediently magnetized perpendicular to its axis and anchored about it in the yoke. In this case, the magnetic flux acting on the yoke can be adjusted by turning the permanent magnet.
  • a cuboid permanent magnet is expediently displaceable in the transverse and / or in the longitudinal direction of the yoke, within the integrally formed, flat coupling point.
  • the magnetization takes place in such a way that the two pole faces lie in the contact area to the integrally formed coupling point.
  • the magnetic flux acting on the yoke is adjusted by moving it out of the area of the coupling point of the yoke plates.
  • the spring for generating the release force is preferably designed as a helical tension spring.
  • the direction of pull expediently deviates somewhat from the longitudinal direction of the yoke, so that a transverse force arises for the clear positioning of the armature on the bearing plate.
  • the deviation from the longitudinal direction of the yoke or the yoke sheets is at least a few angular degrees.
  • the coil with the excitation winding which carries the current of the summation current transformer induced from the differential current, can preferably be plugged onto the metal core designed as a projection of the longer yoke plate.
  • the magnetic release of a residual current circuit breaker shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a housing part 10.
  • the yoke 12 (FIG. 2) essentially consists of a shorter front yoke plate 14 and a rear longer yoke plate 16. A vertical protrusion of the longer yoke plate 16 forms the metal core 18 for the plug-on coil 20 with the excitation winding shown in a stylized manner.
  • the cylindrical permanent magnet 22 is rotatable about its axis A.
  • the screw slot 24 is used to apply the torque for positioning the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet 22 is largely surrounded by two coupling points 26 arranged at a distance and molded onto the yoke plates 14, 16.
  • the diaphragm 48 separating the yoke sheets is only partially visible.
  • the armature 28 is magnetically conductive on the pole face 30 of the metal core 18, which inventory is part of the longer yoke plate 16, and the pole face 32 of the shorter yoke plate 14.
  • the armature is also supported in the region of the pivot axis B on a specially formed support 38 (FIG. 2).
  • a shoulder 40 protrudes from the anchor 28 at right angles and is plate-shaped. Attached to this is a coil tension spring 42, which is connected at the other end to a fixed support point 44 of the housing, not shown.
  • a plunger 47 penetrating a guide 46 rests on the armature 28. If an induction current reducing the effect of the permanent magnet 22 occurs in the coil 20, the helical tension spring 42 lifts the armature 28 and the plunger 47 acts on the switch lock, not shown.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment substantially corresponding to FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2, but without an anchor.
  • the yoke 12 consisting of the yoke plates 14 and 16 with the pole faces 30 and 32, the integrally formed supports 38 for the armature bearing and the round coupling points 26 formed on the yoke plates for the permanent magnetic flux can be seen particularly well here.
  • the cylindrical permanent magnet 22 is magnetized perpendicular to the axis A (FIG. 1), which is shown with the poles N and S.
  • a magnetically poorly conductive diaphragm 48 is arranged between the yoke sheets 14, 16.
  • the permanent magnet 22 is cuboid.
  • the coupling points 26 formed on the yoke plates 14, 16 are designed flat, so that the permanent magnet 22 can be displaced both in the longitudinal direction L of the yoke plates 30, 32 and in their transverse direction or height H (FIG. 1).
  • the permanent magnet 22 is formed in one part or - in relation to its longitudinal axis - in two parts.
  • its preferably unequal sections can be rotated relative to one another about the axis A, one section being stationary and the other being freely rotatable.
  • the fixed section is preferably larger than the rotatable.
  • Cuboid permanent magnets 22 can also be separated into two parts. These sections can be shifted against each other between the coupling points 26, with one section again being stationary, the other being movable.
  • the armature 28 covers part of the yoke plates 14, 16.
  • the permanent magnet acting on the integrally formed coupling points 26 is not shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the helical tension spring 42 pulls the armature 28 on the end face against the bearing plate 34 which is angled on both sides. Since the helical tension spring 42 does not exert its force in the longitudinal direction L of the yoke plates 14, 16, but in a direction deviating by the angle a, the armature 28 becomes laterally along the bearing plate 34 moved until it hits the bend.
  • the angle a is preferably in the range of 5-30 ° .
  • 5 and 6 illustrate the mechanical deformation at the points 50 of the yoke plates 14, 16 and of the armature 28, which serves to degrade the magnetic conductivity.
  • the cutting edge 52 of the armature 28 lies on a magnetically poorly conductive intermediate layer 54 arranged on the support 38 of the yoke plates 14, 16 and abuts against the bearing plate 34.
  • FIG. 9 shows the same end with the pivot axis B of an armature 28, but with an inserted plate 36 made of magnetically poorly conductive material, which forms the cutting edge 52.
  • the underside of the plate 36 and the pole face 56 of the armature 28 form a plane.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

1. Magnetic trip for residual-current-operated circuit breakers comprising a permanent magnet (22), a coil (20) with metal core (18), a yoke (12), an armature (28) which can be rotated by means of spring force and is supported on a support plate (34) of the yoke (12), and a plunger (47) which can be operated by means of this armature, for tripping the latching mechanism, the yoke (12) with the metal core (18), cantilevering into the coil (20) and the armature (28) consisting of a highly permeable metal alloy with a low coercive force, characterized in that - the yoke (12) consists of two yoke plates (14, 16) which rest against one another separated by a magnetically poorly conducting diaphragm (48) with one integral support (38) each for the armature support, in which arrangement an integral coupling-in point (26) for the permanent magnet flux being constructed at one end each and, at the other end, the pole face (30) of one yoke plate (16) or of the metal core (18) in the coil (20) and the pole face (32) of the other yoke plate (14) which is not protruding into the coil (20) engages the armature (28) in a contact-making manner, and - in the area of the axis of rotation (B) of the armature (28) at least one magnetically poorly conducting zone is formed which prevents a magnetic short-circuit between the two yoke plates (14, 16).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Magnetauslöser für Fehlerstromschutzschalter mit einem Dauermagneten, einer Spule mit Metallkern, einem Joch, einem mittels Federkraft schwenkbaren, auf einem Lagerblech des Jochs gelagerten Anker und einem durch diesen Anker betätigbaren Stössel zur Auslösung des Schaltschlosses, wobei das Joch mit dem in die Spule abkragenden Metallkern und der Anker aus einer hochpermeablen Metallegierung mit niedriger Koerzitivkraft bestehen.The present invention relates to a magnetic release for residual current circuit breakers with a permanent magnet, a coil with a metal core, a yoke, an armature that can be pivoted by spring force and is mounted on a bearing plate of the yoke, and a plunger that can be actuated by this armature to trigger the switching lock, the yoke also the metal core projecting into the coil and the armature are made of a highly permeable metal alloy with a low coercive force.

Fehlerstromschutzschalter, kurz FI-Schutzschalter genannt, sind seit rund dreissig Jahren bekannt. Sie verhüten Elektro-Unfälle und Brände in elektrischen Anlagen.Residual current circuit breakers, known as RCCBs for short, have been known for around thirty years. They prevent electrical accidents and fires in electrical systems.

Der FI-Schutzschalter überwacht ständig die elektrische Installation und schaltet ab, bevor ein zur Erde abfliessender Strom gefährlich werden kann. Ein solcher Strom wird als Fehlerstrom bezeichnet, und bedeutet in jedem Fall eine Gefahr für Menschen, Tiere, Apparate und/oder Objekte.The residual current circuit breaker continuously monitors the electrical installation and switches off before a current flowing to earth can become dangerous. Such a current is referred to as a fault current and in any case means a danger to people, animals, apparatus and / or objects.

In einer fehlerfreien Installation, d.h. wenn kein Fehlerstrom zur Erde abgeleitet wird, fliesst der Betriebsstrom vom Netz durch den Summenstromwandler zum Verbraucher und von dort wieder durch den Summenstromwandler zurück zum Netz. Die geometrische Summe der zu- und abfliessenden Ströme im Wandler ist gleich Null (1. Kirchhoffsches Gesetz).In an error-free installation, i.e. if no fault current is conducted to earth, the operating current flows from the network through the summation current transformer to the consumer and from there through the summation current transformer back to the network. The geometric sum of the incoming and outgoing currents in the converter is zero (1st Kirchhoff's law).

Wird infolge eines Defektes ein Fehlerstrom zur Erde abgeleitet, ist der zum Verbraucher hinfliessende Strom um diesen Anteil grösser als der zurückfliessende. Der Differenzstrom induziert im Summenstromwandler ein magnetisches Feld. Dadurch wird in der Sekundärwicklung des Wandlers ein Strom erzeugt, welcher den Magnetauslöser zum Ansprechen und damit den FI-Schutzschalter sofort zur allpoligen Abschaltung bringt.If a fault current is diverted to earth as a result of a defect, the current flowing to the consumer is greater by this proportion than the current flowing back. The residual current induces a magnetic field in the total current transformer. As a result, a current is generated in the secondary winding of the converter, which triggers the magnetic release and thus the residual current circuit breaker for all-pole disconnection.

Für das anspruchsvollste Element des Fl-Schutzschalters, den Auslöser, wird ein magnetomechanisches Element bevorzugt. In diesem zieht ein Dauermagnet einen Anker an, so lange die magnetische Kraft grösser ist als die entgegengesetzt wirkende Kraft, üblicherweise eine Federkraft. Ein in der Sekundärwicklung des Summenstromwandlers erzeugter Strom wird im Magnetauslöser so geführt, dass er den magnetischen Fluss des Dauermagneten schwächt. Dadurch wird die magnetische Kraft kleiner als die Federkraft, und der Anker reisst ab. Der abfallende Anker wirkt auf den Freilaufmechanismus des FI-Schutzschalters und öffnet so die Hauptkontakte. Der erwähnte Freilauf sorgt dafür, dass der FI-Schutzschalter auch bei festgehaltenem Schaltgriff ausschalten kann.A magnetomechanical element is preferred for the most demanding element of the Fl circuit breaker, the trigger. In this a permanent magnet attracts an armature as long as the magnetic force is greater than the opposing force, usually a spring force. A current generated in the secondary winding of the total current transformer is guided in the magnetic release in such a way that it weakens the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. As a result, the magnetic force becomes smaller than the spring force and the armature breaks off. The falling anchor acts on the freewheeling mechanism of the RCCB and thus opens the main contacts. The mentioned freewheel ensures that the RCCB can switch off even when the control handle is held.

Der Magnetauslöser verstärkt also den im Summenstromwandler vom Differenzstrom erzeugten schwachen Induktionsstrom und bringt das Schaltschloss zum Auslösen.The magnetic release thus amplifies the weak induction current generated by the residual current in the total current transformer and triggers the switch lock.

Aus der DE-AS 2 000 138 ist ein Magnetauslöser für FI-Schutzschalter bekannt, es wird jedoch nur ein Pol zur Erzeugung der Haltekraft benützt. Der Grundkörper des Jochs wird als Nebenschluss eingesetzt. Durch Sättigung einer Zone wird der gewünschte magnetische Widerstand erzeugt. Nachteilig wirkt sich hier aus, dass beim Verstellen des Magneten sich auch der magnetische Widerstand der Sättigungszone ändert.From DE-AS 2 000 138 a magnetic release for RCCBs is known, but only one pole is used to generate the holding force. The main body of the yoke is used as a shunt. The desired magnetic resistance is generated by saturating a zone. The disadvantage here is that when the magnet is adjusted, the magnetic resistance of the saturation zone also changes.

Die DE-OS 25 29 221 zeigt einen Magnetauslöser für FI-Schutzschalter mit einem Klappankersystem, bei welchem der Erregerfluss über die Ankerlagerung fliesst. Bei häufigem Schalten bildet sich dort Abrieb und dadurch ein zusätzlicher Luftspalt, welcher sich ungünstig auf den Erregerfluss auswirkt.DE-OS 25 29 221 shows a magnetic release for RCCBs with a hinged armature system, in which the excitation flow flows over the armature bearing. With frequent switching there is abrasion and an additional air gap, which has an unfavorable effect on the excitation flow.

Aus der AT-PS 337 812 ist ein Magnetauslöser für FI-Schutzschalter bekannt, der mit zwei Jochblechen und einer schneidenförmigen Ankerlagerung ausgerüstet ist, wobei der Anker an seiner Lagerung die beiden Jochbleche magnetisch kurzschliesst. Bei häufigem Schalten ändert sich der magnetische Widerstand dieses Kurzschlusses infolge Abriebs, was zu einer Erhöhung der Auslöseleistung führt.From AT-PS 337 812 a magnetic release for RCCBs is known, which is equipped with two yoke plates and a blade-shaped armature bearing, the armature magnetically short-circuiting the two yoke plates on its bearing. With frequent switching, the magnetic resistance of this short circuit changes as a result of abrasion, which leads to an increase in the tripping power.

Die Erfinder haben sich die Aufgabe gestellt, einen Magnetauslöser für FI-Schutzschalter zu schaffen, der eine sehr kleine Auslöseleistung benötigt, kleine Abmessungen aufweist, ein grosses Verhältnis der abgegebenen Auslöseleistung zur elektrisch aufgenommenen Auslöseleistung erreicht und über eine grosse Schaltzahl eine konstante Auslöseleistung beibehält.The inventors have set themselves the task of creating a magnetic release for RCCBs that requires a very small tripping power, has small dimensions, achieves a large ratio of the tripping power output to the electrically picked up tripping power and maintains a constant tripping power over a large number of operations.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass

  • - das Joch aus zwei durch ein magnetisch schlecht leitendes Diaphragma getrennt aneinanderliegenden Jochblechen mit je einer angeformten Auflage für die Ankerlagerung besteht, wobei einends je eine angeformte Einkoppelungsstelle für den Dauermagnetfluss ausgebildet ist und andernends die Polfläche des einen Jochblechs bzw. des Metallkerns in der Spule wie auch die Polfläche des anderen, nicht in die Spule hineinragenden Jochblechs mit dem Anker in kontaktschlüssigem Eingriff steht, und
  • - im Bereich der Schwenkachse des Ankers wenigstens eine magnetisch schlecht leitende Zone ausgebildet ist, welche einen magnetischen Kurzschluss zwischen den beiden Jochblechen verhindert.
According to the invention, the object is achieved in that
  • - The yoke consists of two yoke sheets separated from each other by a magnetically poorly conductive diaphragm, each with a molded support for the armature bearing, one molded-in coupling point for the permanent magnetic flux at one end and the pole face of the one yoke sheet or the metal core in the coil as the other also the pole face of the other yoke sheet not protruding into the coil is in contact with the armature, and
  • - At least one magnetically poorly conductive zone is formed in the region of the pivot axis of the armature, which prevents a magnetic short circuit between the two yoke plates.

Mit dem erfindungsgemässen Magnetauslöser können kleine, preisgünstige FI-Schutzschalter gebaut werden, weil nicht nur der Magnetauslöser selbst, sondern wegen des grossen Verhältnisses der abgegebenen zur elektrisch aufgenommenen Auslöseleistung auch der Summenstromwandler sehr klein dimensioniert werden kann. Weiter benötigt der Magnetauslöser keine Hilfsenergie, deshalb funktioniert die Auslösung auch bei Unterspannung, ja sogar bei Neutralleiterbruch.With the magnetic release according to the invention, small, inexpensive residual current circuit breakers can be built, because not only the magnetic release itself, but also the summation current transformer can be dimensioned very small because of the large ratio of the delivered to the electrically absorbed release power. Furthermore, the magnetic release does not require any auxiliary energy, which is why the release also works in the event of undervoltage, even if the neutral wire breaks.

Erfindungsmässig werden im Bereich der Ankerlagerung eine oder mehrere magnetisch schlecht leitende Zonen ausgebildet. Diese verhindern, dass in der Nähe der Schwenkachse des Ankers ein magnetischer Kurzschluss zwischen den beiden Jochblechen stattfindet. Die magnetisch schlecht leitende/n Zone/n kann/können am Joch und/oder am Anker angebracht werden. Diese Zonen mit niedriger Permeabilität verhindern den Kurzschluss des Dauermagnetflusses, was beispielsweise mit einer Anordnung gemäss der FR-OS 2 112 415, Fig. 3, nicht erreicht wird.According to the invention, one or more magnetically poorly conductive zones are formed in the area of the armature bearing. These prevent a magnetic short circuit between the two yoke plates in the vicinity of the pivot axis of the armature. The magnetically poorly conductive zone (s) can be attached to the yoke and / or to the armature. These low permeability zones prevent the short circuit of the permanent magnetic flux, which is not achieved, for example, with an arrangement according to FR-OS 2 112 415, FIG. 3.

In der Praxis haben sich zur Ausbildung magnetisch schlecht leitender Zonen insbesondere zwei verschiedene Wege bewährt:

  • - Am Joch und/oder am Anker werden mechanische Deformationen angebracht, wodurch sich das entsprechende Teilstück in bezug auf seine magnetischen Eigenschaften verschlechtert.
  • - Am Joch und/oder am Anker wird eine vorzugsweise metallene Zwischenlage mit niedriger Permeabilität angebracht, welche vorzugsweise aus rostfreiem Stahl, beispielsweise Stahl X12CrNi17/7, besteht. Eine auf dem Anker aufgebrachte Zwischenlage aus rostfreiem Stahl ist vorteilhaft als Schneide ausgebildet, weil eine solche Zwischenlage härter und verschleissfester als der übrige Anker ist.
In practice, two different approaches have proven particularly useful for the formation of magnetically poorly conductive zones:
  • - Mechanical deformations are applied to the yoke and / or the armature, as a result of which the corresponding section deteriorates in terms of its magnetic properties.
  • - A preferably metallic intermediate layer with low permeability is attached to the yoke and / or the armature, which preferably consists of stainless steel, for example steel X12CrNi17 / 7. A stainless steel intermediate layer applied to the anchor is advantageously designed as a cutting edge, because such an intermediate layer is harder and more wear-resistant than the rest of the anchor.

Dem aus einer hochpermeablen Legierung, beispielsweise einer Nickel-Eisen-Legierung, bestehenden Anker kann mittels spanloser oder spanabhebender Bearbeitung eine Schneide angeformt werden. Die Schneide kann jedoch auch aus einem oder zwei Plättchen, welche am Anker fixiert sind, ausgebildet sein. Diese Plättchen bestehen zweckmässig aus demselben magnetisch schlecht leitenden Material wie die oben erwähnte/n Zwischenschicht/en. Die Plättchen sind also härter und verschleissfester als das Ankermaterial.A cutting edge can be formed on the anchor, which consists of a highly permeable alloy, for example a nickel-iron alloy, by means of non-cutting or machining. However, the cutting edge can also be formed from one or two small plates which are fixed to the anchor. These plates expediently consist of the same magnetically poorly conductive material as the intermediate layer (s) mentioned above. The plates are therefore harder and more wear-resistant than the anchor material.

Die Herstellung des aus zwei Jochblechen aus einer hochpermeablen Legierung, z.B. einer Nickel-Eisen-Legierung, bestehenden Jochs, erlaubt eine überraschende Vergrösserung des Verhältnisses der abgegebenen zur elektrisch aufgenommenen Auslöseleistung. Die beiden flächig aneinanderliegenden, vorzugsweise ungleich lang ausgebildeten Jochbleche werden durch ein magnetisch schlecht leitendes Diaphragma getrennt, welches einen definierten magnetischen Nebenschluss zum Anker erzeugt. Das Diaphragma besteht beispielsweise aus einem Blech bzw. einer Folie, insbesondere aus Glimmer, Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung. Ein aus einem Feststoff bestehendes Diaphragma kann weiter eine Oberflächenbeschichtung sein, die auf mindestens eines der Jochbleche aufgebracht ist und beispielsweise aus chemisch abgeschiedenem Nickel oder Kupfer besteht. Das Diaphragma kann aber auch durch einen Luftspalt gebildet sein, indem die beiden Jochbleche in Abstand voneinander gehaltert werden.The production of the from two yoke sheets from a highly permeable alloy, e.g. a nickel-iron alloy, existing yokes, allows a surprising increase in the ratio of the emitted to the electrically absorbed release power. The two flat, preferably unequal long yoke sheets are separated by a magnetically poorly conductive diaphragm, which creates a defined magnetic shunt to the armature. The diaphragm consists, for example, of a sheet metal or a film, in particular of mica, copper or a copper alloy. A diaphragm consisting of a solid can also be a surface coating which is applied to at least one of the yoke sheets and consists, for example, of chemically deposited nickel or copper. However, the diaphragm can also be formed by an air gap in that the two yoke sheets are held at a distance from one another.

Die auf einer Seite jeden Jochblechs angeformte Einkoppelungsstelle für den Dauermagnetfluss entspricht der geometrischen Form des Dauermagneten, sie ist also vorzugsweise rund oder flach ausgebildet.The coupling point for the permanent magnetic flux formed on one side of each yoke plate corresponds to the geometric shape of the permanent magnet, so it is preferably round or flat.

Der Dauermagnet besteht aus einem Magnetwerkstoff mit möglichst grosser Koerzitivkraft und mittlerer Remanenz. Diese Eigenschaften besitzen beispielsweise Ferrite, Aluminium-Nickel-Eisen-und Aluminium-Nickel-Kobalt-Eisenlegierungen. Ein zylindrisch ausgebildeter Dauermagnet ist zweckmässig senkrecht zu seiner Achse magnetisiert und um diese drehbar im Joch verankert. Der auf das Joch einwirkende Magnetfluss kann in diesem Fall durch Drehen des Dauermagneten eingestellt werden.The permanent magnet consists of a magnetic material with the greatest possible coercive force and medium remanence. These properties have, for example, ferrites, aluminum-nickel-iron and aluminum-nickel-cobalt-iron alloys. A cylindrical permanent magnet is expediently magnetized perpendicular to its axis and anchored about it in the yoke. In this case, the magnetic flux acting on the yoke can be adjusted by turning the permanent magnet.

Ein quaderförmig ausgebildeter Dauermagnet ist zweckmässig in Quer- und/oder in Längsrichtung des Jochs, innerhalb der angeformten, flach ausgebildeten Einkoppelungsstelle, verschiebbar. Die Magnetisierung erfolgt derart, dass die beiden Polflächen im Kontaktbereich zur angeformten Einkoppelungsstelle liegen. Die Einstellung des auf das Joch einwirkenden Magnetflusses erfolgt durch das Verschieben aus dem Bereich der Einkoppelungsstelle der Jochbleche hinaus.A cuboid permanent magnet is expediently displaceable in the transverse and / or in the longitudinal direction of the yoke, within the integrally formed, flat coupling point. The magnetization takes place in such a way that the two pole faces lie in the contact area to the integrally formed coupling point. The magnetic flux acting on the yoke is adjusted by moving it out of the area of the coupling point of the yoke plates.

Die Feder zur Erzeugung der Auslösekraft ist vorzugsweise als Schraubenzugfeder ausgebildet. Dabei weicht die Zugrichtung zweckmässig etwas von der Längsrichtung des Jochs ab, damit eine Querkraft zur eindeutigen Positionierung des Ankers am Lagerblech entsteht. Die Abweichung von der Längsrichtung des Jochs bzw. der Jochbleche beträgt mindestens einige Winkelgrade.The spring for generating the release force is preferably designed as a helical tension spring. The direction of pull expediently deviates somewhat from the longitudinal direction of the yoke, so that a transverse force arises for the clear positioning of the armature on the bearing plate. The deviation from the longitudinal direction of the yoke or the yoke sheets is at least a few angular degrees.

Die Spule mit der Erregerwicklung, welche den aus dem Differenzstrom induzierten Strom des Summenstromwandlers führt, ist bevorzugt auf den als Abkragung des längeren Jochblechs ausgebildeten Metallkern aufsteckbar.The coil with the excitation winding, which carries the current of the summation current transformer induced from the differential current, can preferably be plugged onto the metal core designed as a projection of the longer yoke plate.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der folgenden zeichnerisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch:

  • - Fig. 1 eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht eines Magnetauslösers,
  • - Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht eines Magnetauslösers, ohne Anker
  • - Fig. 3 eine Variante des Dauermagneten,
  • - Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf einen Magnetauslöser mit aufgesetztem Anker,
  • - Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht auf ein abgewandeltes Joch.
  • - Fig. 6 eine Draufsicht auf einen abgewandelten Anker,
  • - Fig. 7 eine Ansicht eines Jochs mit abgehobenem Anker,
  • - Fig. 8 einen teiweisen Längsschnitt durch einen Anker, und
  • - Fig. 9 eine Variante von Fig. 8.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. They show schematically:
  • 1 is a partially sectioned view of a magnetic release,
  • - Fig. 2 is a plan view of a magnetic release, without an anchor
  • 3 shows a variant of the permanent magnet,
  • 4 shows a plan view of a magnetic release with the armature attached,
  • 5 is a plan view of a modified yoke.
  • 6 is a plan view of a modified anchor,
  • 7 is a view of a yoke with the anchor raised,
  • - Fig. 8 is a partial longitudinal section through an anchor, and
  • 9 shows a variant of FIG. 8.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Magnetauslöser eines FI-Schutzschalters ist auf einem Gehäuseteil 10 montiert. Das Joch 12 (Fig. 2) besteht im wesentlichen aus einem kürzeren vorderen Jochblech 14 und einem hinteren längeren Jochblech 16. Eine vertikale Ausragung des längeren Jochblechs 16 bildet den Metallkern 18 für die aufsteckbare Spule 20 mit der stilisiert dargestellten Erregerwindung. Der zylindrische Dauermagnet 22 ist um seine Achse A drehbar. Für die Anbringung des Drehmoments zur Positionierung des Dauermagneten dient der Schraubenschlitz 24. Der Dauermagnet 22 wird grösstenteils von zwei in Abstand angeordneten, an die Jochbleche 14,16 angeformten Einkoppelungsstellen 26 umgeben. Das die Jochbleche trennende Diaphragma 48 ist nur teilweise sichtbar.The magnetic release of a residual current circuit breaker shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a housing part 10. The yoke 12 (FIG. 2) essentially consists of a shorter front yoke plate 14 and a rear longer yoke plate 16. A vertical protrusion of the longer yoke plate 16 forms the metal core 18 for the plug-on coil 20 with the excitation winding shown in a stylized manner. The cylindrical permanent magnet 22 is rotatable about its axis A. The screw slot 24 is used to apply the torque for positioning the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet 22 is largely surrounded by two coupling points 26 arranged at a distance and molded onto the yoke plates 14, 16. The diaphragm 48 separating the yoke sheets is only partially visible.

Der Anker 28 liegt magnetisch leitend auf der Polfläche 30 des Metallkerns 18, welcher Bestandteil des längeren Jochblechs 16 ist, und der Polfläche 32 des kürzeren Jochblechs 14.The armature 28 is magnetically conductive on the pole face 30 of the metal core 18, which inventory is part of the longer yoke plate 16, and the pole face 32 of the shorter yoke plate 14.

An beiden Jochblechen 14, 16 ist ein Lagerblech 34 für den Anker 28, welcher im vorliegenden Fall mit einem Plättchen 36 ausgerüstet ist, befestigt. Der Anker lagert im Bereich der Schwenkachse B ebenfalls auf einer eigens angeformten Auflage 38 (Fig. 2).A bearing plate 34 for the armature 28, which in the present case is equipped with a plate 36, is fastened to both yoke plates 14, 16. The armature is also supported in the region of the pivot axis B on a specially formed support 38 (FIG. 2).

Rechtwinklig vom Anker 28 kragt ein Ansatz 40 ab, welcher plättchenförmig ausgebildet ist. Daran angehängt ist eine Schraubenzugfeder 42, welche andemends mit einem festen Stützpunkt 44 des nicht dargestellten Gehäuses verbunden ist.A shoulder 40 protrudes from the anchor 28 at right angles and is plate-shaped. Attached to this is a coil tension spring 42, which is connected at the other end to a fixed support point 44 of the housing, not shown.

Im Bereich oberhalb der Spule 20 liegt ein eine Führung 46 durchgreifender Stössel 47 auf dem Anker 28 auf. Falls in der Spule 20 ein die Wirkung des Dauermagneten 22 vermindernder Induktionsstrom auftritt, hebt die Schraubenzugfeder 42 den Anker 28 ab und der Stössel 47 wirkt auf das nicht dargestellt Schaltschloss ein.In the area above the coil 20, a plunger 47 penetrating a guide 46 rests on the armature 28. If an induction current reducing the effect of the permanent magnet 22 occurs in the coil 20, the helical tension spring 42 lifts the armature 28 and the plunger 47 acts on the switch lock, not shown.

Eine Fig. 1 im wesentlichen entsprechende Ausführungform ist, jedoch ohne Anker, in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Besonders gut ersichtlich sind hier das aus den Jochblechen 14 und 16 bestehende Joch 12 mit den Polflächen 30 und 32, den angeformten Auflagen 38 für die Ankerlagerung und den rund ausgebildeten, an die Jochbleche angeformten Einkoppelungsstellen 26 für den Dauermagnetfluss. Der zylindrische Dauermagnet 22 ist senkrecht zur Achse A (Fig. 1) magnetisiert was mit den Polen N und S dargestellt ist.An embodiment substantially corresponding to FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2, but without an anchor. The yoke 12 consisting of the yoke plates 14 and 16 with the pole faces 30 and 32, the integrally formed supports 38 for the armature bearing and the round coupling points 26 formed on the yoke plates for the permanent magnetic flux can be seen particularly well here. The cylindrical permanent magnet 22 is magnetized perpendicular to the axis A (FIG. 1), which is shown with the poles N and S.

Zwischen den Jochblechen 14,16 ist ein magnetisch schlecht leitendes Diaphragma 48 angeordnet.A magnetically poorly conductive diaphragm 48 is arranged between the yoke sheets 14, 16.

In der Ausführungsvariante nach Fig. 3 ist der Dauermagnet 22 quaderförmig ausgebildet. Entsprechend sind die an die Jochbleche 14,16 angeformten Einkoppelungsstellen 26 flach gestaltet, sodass der Dauermagnet 22 sowohl in Längsrichtung L der Jochbleche 30,32 als auch in deren Querrichtung bzw. Höhe H (Fig. 1) verschoben werden kann.3, the permanent magnet 22 is cuboid. Correspondingly, the coupling points 26 formed on the yoke plates 14, 16 are designed flat, so that the permanent magnet 22 can be displaced both in the longitudinal direction L of the yoke plates 30, 32 and in their transverse direction or height H (FIG. 1).

Der Dauermagnet 22 ist einteilig oder - in bezug auf seine Längsachse - zweiteilig ausgebildet. Bei einem zylinderförmigen Dauermagneten können dessen bevorzugt ungleich grosse Teilstücke um die Achse A gegeneinander gedreht werden, wobei ein Teilstück ortsfest, das andere frei drehbar sein kann. Das ortsfeste Teilstück ist vorzugsweise grösser ausgebildet als das drehbare.The permanent magnet 22 is formed in one part or - in relation to its longitudinal axis - in two parts. In the case of a cylindrical permanent magnet, its preferably unequal sections can be rotated relative to one another about the axis A, one section being stationary and the other being freely rotatable. The fixed section is preferably larger than the rotatable.

Auch quaderförmige Dauermagnete 22 können in zwei Teilstükke getrennt werden. Diese Teilstücke können zwischen den Einkoppelungsstellen 26 gegeneinander verschoben werden, wobei wiederum ein Teilstück ortsfest, das andere beweglich sein kann.Cuboid permanent magnets 22 can also be separated into two parts. These sections can be shifted against each other between the coupling points 26, with one section again being stationary, the other being movable.

In Fig. 4 verdeckt der Anker 28 einen Teil der Jochbleche 14,16. Der auf die angeformten Einkoppelungsstellen 26 einwirkende Dauermagnet ist einfachheitshalber nicht dargestellt. Die Schraubenzugfeder 42 zieht den Anker 28 stirnseitig an das beidseitig abgewinkelte Lagerblech 34. Da die Schraubenzugfeder 42 ihre Kraft nicht in Längsrichtung L der Jochbleche 14,16 ausübt, sondern in einer um den Winkel a abweichenden Richtung, wird der Anker 28 seitlich entlang des Lagerblechs 34 verschoben, bis er an der Abwinkelung anschlägt. Der Winkel a liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 5-30°.4, the armature 28 covers part of the yoke plates 14, 16. The permanent magnet acting on the integrally formed coupling points 26 is not shown for the sake of simplicity. The helical tension spring 42 pulls the armature 28 on the end face against the bearing plate 34 which is angled on both sides. Since the helical tension spring 42 does not exert its force in the longitudinal direction L of the yoke plates 14, 16, but in a direction deviating by the angle a, the armature 28 becomes laterally along the bearing plate 34 moved until it hits the bend. The angle a is preferably in the range of 5-30 ° .

Die Fig. 5 und 6 illustrieren die der Verschlechterung der magnetischen Leitfähigkeit dienende mechanische Deformation an den Stellen 50 der Jochbleche 14,16 bzw. des Ankers 28.5 and 6 illustrate the mechanical deformation at the points 50 of the yoke plates 14, 16 and of the armature 28, which serves to degrade the magnetic conductivity.

In Fig. 7 sind Teile des Magnetauslösers mit geöffnetem Anker 28 dargestellt. Unter Einwirkung der Schraubenzugfeder 42 wird der Anker 28 samt dem daraufliegenden Stössel 47 angehoben und damit ein Stromunterbruch ausgelöst.7 shows parts of the magnetic release with the armature 28 open. Under the action of the helical tension spring 42, the armature 28 together with the plunger 47 lying thereon is raised, thus triggering a power cut.

Die Schneide 52 des Ankers 28 liegt auf einer magnetisch schlecht leitenden, auf der Auflage 38 der Jochbleche 14,16 angeordneten Zwischenlage 54 und stösst gegen das Lagerblech 34.The cutting edge 52 of the armature 28 lies on a magnetically poorly conductive intermediate layer 54 arranged on the support 38 of the yoke plates 14, 16 and abuts against the bearing plate 34.

In Fig. 8 ist das in Richtung des Lagers weisende Ende des Ankers 28 mit einer angeformten Schneide 52 dargestellt. Dadurch wird das Schwenken um die Schwenkachse B erleichtert.8 shows the end of the armature 28 pointing in the direction of the bearing with an integrally formed cutting edge 52. This makes pivoting around pivot axis B easier.

Fig. 9 zeigt dasselbe Ende mit der Schwenkachse B eines Ankers 28, aber mit eingesetztem Plättchen 36 aus magnetisch schlecht leitendem Material, welches die Schneide 52 bildet. Die Unterseite des Plättchens 36 und die Polfläche 56 des Ankers 28 bilden eine Ebene.FIG. 9 shows the same end with the pivot axis B of an armature 28, but with an inserted plate 36 made of magnetically poorly conductive material, which forms the cutting edge 52. The underside of the plate 36 and the pole face 56 of the armature 28 form a plane.

Claims (10)

1. Magnetic trip for residual-current-operated circuit breakers comprising a permanent magnet (22), a coil (20) with metal core (18), a yoke (12), an armature (28) which can be rotated by means of spring force and is supported on a support plate (34) of the yoke (12), and a plunger (47) which can be operated by means of this armature, for tripping the latching mechanism, the yoke (12) with the metal core (18), cantilevering into the coil (20) and the armature (28) consisting of a highly permeable metal alloy with a low coercive force, characterized in that
-the yoke (12) consists of two yoke plates (14, 16) which rest against one another separated by a magnetically poorly conducting diaphragm (48) with one integral support (38) each for the armature support, in which arrangement an integral coupling-in point (26) for the permanent magnet flux being constructed at one end each and, at the other end, the pole face (30) of one yoke plate (16) or of the metal core (18) in the coil (20) and the pole face (32) of the other yoke plate (14) which is not protruding into the coil (20) engages the armature (28) in a contact-making manner, and
- in the area of the axis of rotation (B) of the armature (28) at least one magnetically poorly conducting zone is formed which prevents a magnetic short-circuit between the two yoke plates (14, 16).
2. Magnetic trip according to Claim 1, characterized in that the yoke plates (14, 16) and/or the armature (28) exhibits/exhibit mechanical deformations (50) at or in the vicinity of the axis of rotation (B).
3. Magnetic trip according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a preferably metallic intermediate layer (54) or at least one small plate (36) having low permeability is attached to or in the vicinity of the axis of rotation (B) to the yoke plates (14, 16) and/or to the armature (28).
4. Magnetic trip according to one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that the armature (28) has at least one blade (52) which is integrally formed by means of noncutting or cutting machining in the area of rotation (B).
5. Magnetic trip according to one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that the underside of the lowperme- ability small plate/s (36), which preferably exhibits/exhibit a blade (52) and is/are applied to the armature (28) forms one plane with the pole face (56) of the armature.
6. Magnetic trip according to Claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the intermediate layer (54) or the small plate (36) consists of stainless magnetically poorly conducting steel, preferably X12CrNi17/7.
7. Magnetic trip according to one of Claims 1-6, characterized in that the diaphragm (48) for generating a defined shunt for the armature (28) is arranged as a plate or foil, preferably of mica, copper or of a copper alloy, between the two yoke plates (14, 16) or applied as surface coating to at least one of the yoke plates and preferably consists of copper or chemically deposited nickel.
8. Magnetic trip according to one of Claims 1-7, characterized in that a cylindrical constructed permanent magnet (22) is magnetized perpendicularly to its axis (A) and can be rotated inside the round coupling-in point (26) around this axis, whereas a cube- shaped permanent magnet (22) can be displaced in the flat coupling-in point (26) of the yoke plates (14, 16) in its transverse (H) and/or longitudinal direction (L), the permanent magnet (22) being constructed of one part, or of two parts with respect to its longitudinal axis.
9. Magnetic trip according to one of Claims 1-9, characterized in that, for the purpose of lifting the armature (28), a helical tension spring (42) which deviates from the longitudinal direction (L) of the yoke plates (14, 16) by the angle (a) is arranged, the angle (a) being preferably between 5 and 30°.
10. Magnetic trip according to one of Claims 1-9, characterized in that the coil (20) with the exciter winding can be pushed on to the metal core (18) which is constructed as cantilever of the longer yoke plate (16).
EP86810539A 1985-12-13 1986-11-25 Magnetic-release mechanism for an earth fault circuit breaker Expired EP0228345B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86810539T ATE46056T1 (en) 1985-12-13 1986-11-25 MAGNETIC RELEASE FOR RESIDUAL CURRENT PROTECTION SWITCHES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5328/85 1985-12-13
CH532885 1985-12-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0228345A1 EP0228345A1 (en) 1987-07-08
EP0228345B1 true EP0228345B1 (en) 1989-08-30

Family

ID=4291749

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86810539A Expired EP0228345B1 (en) 1985-12-13 1986-11-25 Magnetic-release mechanism for an earth fault circuit breaker

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0228345B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62188122A (en)
AT (1) ATE46056T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3665375D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2011457B3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2596577B1 (en) * 1986-03-28 1993-04-30 Serd Soc Et Realisa Disjonct POLARIZED TRIGGER
AT389018B (en) * 1987-11-09 1989-10-10 Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester HOLDING MAGNETIC RELEASE
AT403534B (en) * 1991-01-16 1998-03-25 Biegelmeier Gottfried Residual current device (earth-leakage current circuit breaker)
DE4240031A1 (en) * 1992-11-28 1994-06-01 Felten & Guilleaume Energie Magnetic release for residual current circuit breakers
EP0773571B1 (en) * 1995-11-09 2002-10-30 ABB Schweiz AG Release mechanism, in particular for an earth fault circuit breaker
ATE259539T1 (en) * 1996-01-23 2004-02-15 Abb Schweiz Ag YOKE FOR A MAGNETIC RELEASE, PREFERABLY USABLE IN A RESIDUAL CURRENT PROTECTION SWITCH
DE19637077A1 (en) * 1996-09-12 1998-03-19 Maier & Cie C Permanent magnet for the magnetic circuit of a magnetic release that can preferably be used in a residual current circuit breaker
GB9727148D0 (en) * 1997-12-22 1998-02-25 Fki Plc Improvemnts in and relating to electomagnetic actuators
DE10210826A1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-09-25 Abb Patent Gmbh Tripping device for a residual current circuit breaker and method for its production
DE102005050636A1 (en) * 2005-10-20 2007-05-03 Siemens Ag Magnetic system of a magnetic release
DE102010004099B4 (en) 2009-10-21 2012-08-23 Jörg Bruder Switchgear with energy-free standby mode
CN103839735B (en) * 2013-12-23 2016-08-17 上海良信电器股份有限公司 A kind of magnetictrip magnetic structure
CN108281332A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-07-13 上海良信电器股份有限公司 A kind of electromagnetic type trip gear
CN108074785A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-05-25 上海良信电器股份有限公司 A kind of electromagnetic release

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1078227B (en) * 1958-12-11 1960-03-24 Siemens Ag Locking and holding magnet for electrical monitoring devices
FR2112415B1 (en) * 1970-11-03 1976-07-23 Hartmann & Braun Ag
AT337812B (en) * 1975-12-02 1977-07-25 Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester HOLDING MAGNETIC RELEASE WITH ONE-PIECE ANCHOR
AT361571B (en) * 1977-11-22 1981-03-25 Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester LAYER YOKE HOLDING SOLENOIDER
AT375210B (en) * 1981-06-09 1984-07-10 Biegelmeier Gottfried MAGNETIC RELEASE HIGH SENSITIVITY
AT378862B (en) * 1984-03-05 1985-10-10 Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester HOLDING MAGNETIC RELEASE

Also Published As

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DE3665375D1 (en) 1989-10-05
EP0228345A1 (en) 1987-07-08
ATE46056T1 (en) 1989-09-15
ES2011457B3 (en) 1990-01-16
JPS62188122A (en) 1987-08-17

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