EP0015389B1 - Miniature relay fitted in a case - Google Patents

Miniature relay fitted in a case Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015389B1
EP0015389B1 EP19800100567 EP80100567A EP0015389B1 EP 0015389 B1 EP0015389 B1 EP 0015389B1 EP 19800100567 EP19800100567 EP 19800100567 EP 80100567 A EP80100567 A EP 80100567A EP 0015389 B1 EP0015389 B1 EP 0015389B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yoke
permanent magnet
armature
core
leg
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800100567
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0015389A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Minks
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent NV
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Publication of EP0015389A1 publication Critical patent/EP0015389A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0015389B1 publication Critical patent/EP0015389B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2236Polarised relays comprising pivotable armature, pivoting at extremity or bending point of armature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • H01H50/26Parts movable about a knife edge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a miniature relay arranged in a housing with an angular hinged armature, which is tiltably mounted with its inside on the yoke of the magnet system, so that in one position one leg of the hinged armature the core and in the other position the other leg of the hinged armature the yoke is approached to an air gap, and a contact system is arranged on the side of the hinged anchor facing away from the yoke, which contact system can be actuated by one leg of the hinged anchor.
  • Such a relay is known from DE-C3-25 16 502.
  • the known relay is very simple and can be easily manufactured because the parts of the magnet system are held in the housing only by shoulders molded onto it, so that when the housing is assembled, the magnet system including the angular hinged armature is automatically brought into the correct position.
  • the contact system is completely independent of the magnet system, so that both systems can be optimally designed according to training and material for their specific purpose, without having to choose a compromise between the contact function and the magnet function.
  • an electromagnetic relay is also known in which a permanent magnet is arranged between the core and the yoke within the angle of the hinged armature in order to achieve bistable properties.
  • the yoke of this relay has an opening for controlling the magnetic flux in the yoke.
  • One pole of the permanent magnet bears against the core by means of a pole piece.
  • a folding armature relay in which a permanent magnet is arranged between the yoke and the core and the connection between a pole of the permanent magnet and the core is made via an L-shaped pole piece.
  • a magnet system for a relay in which a permanent magnet is arranged between the core and the yoke and at the end of the core a pole piece with a larger diameter than that of the core is arranged.
  • the object of the invention is to impart bistable properties to the relay known from DE-C3-2516502 by inserting a permanent magnet into the magnetic circuit and to achieve an improved transition of the magnetic flux, in particular between the permanent magnet and the yoke.
  • the magnetic circuit of the core and yoke is closed by a permanent magnet arranged between them within the angle of the hinged armature and which projects with a pole into an opening in the yoke.
  • the magnet system of the relay is arranged in a housing 10 into which the contact pins 20 are molded.
  • the magnet system itself consists of the core 11 and the yoke 12, the coil 14 being arranged on the core 11.
  • the angled hinged armature 13 is tiltably mounted on the edge of the leg of the yoke 12 arranged above the coil.
  • the contact spring 19 is actuated, which cooperates with the fixed contact 22.
  • the contact arrangement is only shown schematically and can also consist of a larger number of contacts.
  • the parts of the magnet system are held in the housing 10 by the shoulders 15 and 17, the shoulder part 16 holding the hinged anchor 13 in position, while the shoulder part 18 secures the yoke 12 with the core 11 and the coil 14 in their position.
  • the permanent magnet 21, which is polarized in the longitudinal direction, is arranged in the magnetic circuit between the yoke 12 and the core 11.
  • the permanent magnet 21 is arranged on the core 11 which is extended beyond the coil and, on the other hand, bears against the underside of the yoke 12.
  • a current flowing through the coil 14 generates a magnetic field which is superimposed on the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 21. This causes the angular hinged anchor 13 to tip into the other position. In both positions, the hinged armature 13 is held by the permanent magnet 21, either by the leg 13a resting on the yoke 12 or the leg 13b at the end of the core 11.
  • an opening 26 is provided in the yoke 12, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 2.
  • the iron cross section of the yoke 12 is reduced at this point and the magnetic resistance is thereby increased. This ensures that a larger part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is available for holding the hinged armature.
  • the cross section of the core is widened at its end, for example by inserting a pole piece 25. This reduces the magnetic resistance between the core 11 and the leg 13b of the folding armature, so that a better magnetic flux is also achieved in this circuit.
  • the permanent magnet 21 lies against the yoke 12 over its entire width.
  • the yoke 12 also has a cutout 23 into which the permanent magnet 21 projects with a pole. This results in a particularly good transition of the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 21 to the yoke 12 and a further enlargement of the permanent magnet 21.
  • the yoke cutout 23 can also be used to reduce the magnetic flux in the yoke 12 by making it larger than the protruding permanent magnet 21 and the permanent magnet is arranged eccentrically in the cutout 23, as can be seen from FIG. 4.
  • the permanent magnet is arranged with a pole on a pole shoe 24 which connects to the core 11. This pole piece is L-shaped, so that a permanent magnet 21 with larger dimensions can be used.
  • the angled hinged anchor 13 can additionally be under the action of a weak spring, which can be realized, for example, by a film connected to one leg of the hinged anchor.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein in einem Gehäuse angeordnetes Miniaturrelais mit einem winkelförmigen Klappanker, der mit seiner Innenseite am Joch des Magnetsystems kippbar gelagert ist, so daß in einer Stellung der eine Schenkel des Klappankers dem Kern und in der anderen Stellung der andere Schenkel des Klappankers dem Joch bis auf einen Luftspalt genähert ist, und auf der vom Joch abgewandten Seite des Klappankers ein Kontaktsystem angeordnet ist, das von einem Schenkel des Klappankers betätigbar ist.The invention relates to a miniature relay arranged in a housing with an angular hinged armature, which is tiltably mounted with its inside on the yoke of the magnet system, so that in one position one leg of the hinged armature the core and in the other position the other leg of the hinged armature the yoke is approached to an air gap, and a contact system is arranged on the side of the hinged anchor facing away from the yoke, which contact system can be actuated by one leg of the hinged anchor.

Ein solches Relais ist aus der DE-C3-25 16 502 bekannt.Such a relay is known from DE-C3-25 16 502.

Das bekannte Relais ist sehr einfach aufgebaut und läßt sich einfach herstellen, weil die Teile des Magnetsystems in Gehäuse lediglich durch an dieses angeformte Schultern gehalten werden, so daß beim Zusammenbau des Gehäuses das Magnetsystem einschließlich des winkelförmigen Klappankers automatisch in die richtige Lage gebracht wird.The known relay is very simple and can be easily manufactured because the parts of the magnet system are held in the housing only by shoulders molded onto it, so that when the housing is assembled, the magnet system including the angular hinged armature is automatically brought into the correct position.

Bei dem bekannten Relais ist das Kontaktsystem vom Magnetsystem völlig unabhängig, so daß beide Systeme nach Ausbildung und Material für ihren speziellen Verwendungszweck optimal ausgebildet werden können, ohne daß ein Kompromiß zwischen der Kontaktfunktion und der Magnetfunktion gewählt werden muß.In the known relay, the contact system is completely independent of the magnet system, so that both systems can be optimally designed according to training and material for their specific purpose, without having to choose a compromise between the contact function and the magnet function.

Aus der DE-A1-25 50 134 ist weiter ein elektromagnetisches Relais bekannt, bei dem zur Erzielung bistabiler Eigenschaften ein Dauermagnet zwischen Kern und Joch innerhalb des Winkels des Klappankers angeordnet ist. Das Joch dieses Relais hat zur Steuerung des magnetischen Flusses im Joch eine Öffnung. Der eine Pol des Dauermagneten liegt mittels eines Polschuhs an dem Kern an.From DE-A1-25 50 134 an electromagnetic relay is also known in which a permanent magnet is arranged between the core and the yoke within the angle of the hinged armature in order to achieve bistable properties. The yoke of this relay has an opening for controlling the magnetic flux in the yoke. One pole of the permanent magnet bears against the core by means of a pole piece.

Aus der US-A-35 99 133 ist ein Klappankerrelais bekannt, bei dem zwischen Joch und Kern ein Dauermagnet angeordnet ist und die Verbindung zwischen einem Pol des Dauermagneten und dem Kern über einen L-förmig ausgebildeten Polschuh erfolgt.From US-A-35 99 133 a folding armature relay is known, in which a permanent magnet is arranged between the yoke and the core and the connection between a pole of the permanent magnet and the core is made via an L-shaped pole piece.

Aus der DE-B-21 33931 ist ein Magnetsystem für ein Relais bekannt, bei dem ein Dauermagnet zwischen Kern und Joch angeordnet ist und am Ende des Kernes ein Polschuh mit größerem Durchmesser als dem des Kernes angeordnet ist.From DE-B-21 33931 a magnet system for a relay is known in which a permanent magnet is arranged between the core and the yoke and at the end of the core a pole piece with a larger diameter than that of the core is arranged.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, dem aus der DE-C3-2516502 bekannten Relais durch Einfügen eines Dauermagneten in den Magnetkreis bistabile Eigenschaften zu verleihen und dabei einen verbesserten Übergang des Magnetflusses, ins- besondere zwischen Dauermagnet und Joch, zu erzielen.The object of the invention is to impart bistable properties to the relay known from DE-C3-2516502 by inserting a permanent magnet into the magnetic circuit and to achieve an improved transition of the magnetic flux, in particular between the permanent magnet and the yoke.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß der Magnetkreis von Kern und Joch durch einen zwischen diesen innerhalb des Winkels des Klappankers angeordneten Dauermagneten geschlossen ist, der mit einem Pol in einen Durchbruch des Joches hineinragt.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the magnetic circuit of the core and yoke is closed by a permanent magnet arranged between them within the angle of the hinged armature and which projects with a pole into an opening in the yoke.

Hierdurch wird ein besonders guter Übergang des Magnetflusses vom Dauermagneten zum Joch erzielt und gleichzeitig eine Vergrößerung des Dauermagneten ermöglicht.As a result, a particularly good transition of the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet to the yoke is achieved and at the same time an enlargement of the permanent magnet is made possible.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Figuren näher beschrieben.

  • Figur 1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch ein Miniaturrelais mit Dauermagnet.
  • Figur 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf das Joch des Relais von Figur 1.
  • Figur 3 zeigt einen Schnitt durch ein Relais gemäß der Erfindung.
  • Figur 4 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf das Joch des Relais von Figur 3.
The invention is described in more detail with reference to the figures.
  • Figure 1 shows a section through a miniature relay with permanent magnet.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the yoke of the relay from FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a section through a relay according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the yoke of the relay from FIG. 3.

Das Magnetsystem des Relais, wie es in Figur 1 im Schnitt dargestellt ist, ist in einem Gehäuse 10 angeordnet, in das die Kontaktstifte 20 eingeformt sind. Das Magnetsystem selbst besteht aus dem Kern 11 und dem Joch 12, wobei auf dem Kern 11 die Spule 14 angeordnet ist. Auf der Kante des oberhalb der Spule angeordneten Schenkels des Joches 12 ist der winkelförmige Klappanker 13 kippbar gelagert. Mit dem Schenkel 13a des Klappankers 13 wird die Kontaktfeder 19 betätigt, welche mit dem Festkontakt 22 zusammenwirkt. Die Kontaktanordnung ist nur schematisch dargestellt und kann auch aus einer größeren Anzahl von Kontakten bestehen. Die Teile des Magnetsystems sind im Gehäuse 10 durch die Schultern 15 und 17 gehalten, wobei der Schulterteil 16 den Klappanker 13 in seiner Lage hält, während der Schulterteil 18 das Joch 12 mit dem Kern 11 und die Spule 14 in ihrer Lage sichert.The magnet system of the relay, as shown in section in FIG. 1, is arranged in a housing 10 into which the contact pins 20 are molded. The magnet system itself consists of the core 11 and the yoke 12, the coil 14 being arranged on the core 11. On the edge of the leg of the yoke 12 arranged above the coil, the angled hinged armature 13 is tiltably mounted. With the leg 13a of the hinged armature 13, the contact spring 19 is actuated, which cooperates with the fixed contact 22. The contact arrangement is only shown schematically and can also consist of a larger number of contacts. The parts of the magnet system are held in the housing 10 by the shoulders 15 and 17, the shoulder part 16 holding the hinged anchor 13 in position, while the shoulder part 18 secures the yoke 12 with the core 11 and the coil 14 in their position.

Zur Erzielung von bistabilen Eigenschaften ist in dem Magnetkreis zwischen dem Joch 12 und dem Kern 11 der Dauermagnet 21 angeordnet, der in Längsrichtung polarisiert ist. Der Dauermagnet 21 ist auf dem über die Spule hinaus verlängerten Kern 11 angeordnet und liegt andererseits an der Unterseite des Joches 12 an.To achieve bistable properties, the permanent magnet 21, which is polarized in the longitudinal direction, is arranged in the magnetic circuit between the yoke 12 and the core 11. The permanent magnet 21 is arranged on the core 11 which is extended beyond the coil and, on the other hand, bears against the underside of the yoke 12.

Durch einen die Spule 14 durchfließenden Strom wird ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, das dem Magnetfluß des Dauermagneten 21 überlagert ist. Dadurch wird bewirkt, daß der winkelförmige Klappanker 13 in die jeweils andere Stellung umkippt. In beiden Stellungen wird der Klappanker 13 durch den Dauermagneten 21 festgehalten, indem entweder der Schenkel 13a an dem Joch 12 anliegt oder der Schenkel 13b am Ende des Kernes 11.A current flowing through the coil 14 generates a magnetic field which is superimposed on the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 21. This causes the angular hinged anchor 13 to tip into the other position. In both positions, the hinged armature 13 is held by the permanent magnet 21, either by the leg 13a resting on the yoke 12 or the leg 13b at the end of the core 11.

Für eine bessere Aufteilung des Magnetflusses zwischen den beiden Magnetkreisen ist im Joch 12 ein Durchbruch 26 vorgesehen, wie er insbesondere aus Figur 2 ersichtlich ist. Durch den Durchbruch 26 wird der Eisenquerschnitt des Joches 12 an dieser Stelle vermindert und dadurch der magnetische Widerstand erhöht. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß ein größerer Teil des Magnetflusses des Dauermagneten zum Festhalten des Klappankers zur Verfügung steht.For a better distribution of the magnetic flux between the two magnetic circuits, an opening 26 is provided in the yoke 12, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 2. Through the opening 26, the iron cross section of the yoke 12 is reduced at this point and the magnetic resistance is thereby increased. This ensures that a larger part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is available for holding the hinged armature.

Zur Verbesserung des Magnetflusses über den Klappanker ist der Querschnitt des Kernes an seinem Ende verbreitert, beispielsweise durch Einfügen eines Polschuhes 25. Dadurch wird der magnetische Widerstand zwischen dem Kern 11 und dem Schenkel 13b des Klappankers vermindert, so daß auch auf diese Weise in diesem Kreis ein besserer Magnetfluß erzielt wird. Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich ist, liegt der Dauermagnet 21 über seine ganze Breite am Joch 12 an.To improve the magnetic flux over the Folding armature, the cross section of the core is widened at its end, for example by inserting a pole piece 25. This reduces the magnetic resistance between the core 11 and the leg 13b of the folding armature, so that a better magnetic flux is also achieved in this circuit. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the permanent magnet 21 lies against the yoke 12 over its entire width.

Bei dem Relais gemäß der Erfindung, das in Figur 3 dargestellt ist, hat das Joch 12 weiter einen Ausschnitt 23, in den der Dauermagnet 21 mit einem Pol hineinragt. Dadurch ergibt sich ein besonders guter Übergang des Magnetflusses vom Dauermagneten 21 zum Joch 12 und eine weitere Vergrößerung des Dauermagneten 21. Der Jochausschnitt 23 kann gleichzeitig dazu verwendet werden, den Magnetfluß im Joch 12 zu vermindern, indem er größer bemessen wird als der hineinragende Dauermagnet 21 und der Dauermagnet im Ausschnitt 23 exzentrisch angeordnet wird, wie dies aus Figur 4 ersichtlich ist. Bei dem Relais nach Figur 3 ist der Dauermagnet mit einem Pol auf einem Polschuh 24 angeordnet, der sich an den Kern 11 anschließt. Dieser Polschuh ist L-förmig ausgestaltet, so daß ein Dauermagnet 21 mit größeren Abmessungen verwendet werden kann. Wenn man dagegen einen Polschuh 24 von U-förmigen Querschnitt verwendet, so erhält man einen besseren Übergang des Magnetflusses zum Schenkel 13b des Klappankers 13, in ähnlicher Weise wie dies durch den Polschuh 25 nach Figur 1 erzielt wird. Zur Erzielung definierter Rückstelleigenschaften kann der winkelförmige Klappanker 13 noch zusätzlich unter der Wirkung einer schwachen Feder stehen, welche beispielsweise durch eine mit einem Schenkel des Klappankers verbundene Folie verwirklicht sein kann.In the relay according to the invention, which is shown in FIG. 3, the yoke 12 also has a cutout 23 into which the permanent magnet 21 projects with a pole. This results in a particularly good transition of the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 21 to the yoke 12 and a further enlargement of the permanent magnet 21. The yoke cutout 23 can also be used to reduce the magnetic flux in the yoke 12 by making it larger than the protruding permanent magnet 21 and the permanent magnet is arranged eccentrically in the cutout 23, as can be seen from FIG. 4. In the relay according to FIG. 3, the permanent magnet is arranged with a pole on a pole shoe 24 which connects to the core 11. This pole piece is L-shaped, so that a permanent magnet 21 with larger dimensions can be used. If, on the other hand, a pole shoe 24 of U-shaped cross section is used, a better transition of the magnetic flux to the leg 13b of the hinged armature 13 is obtained, in a manner similar to that achieved by the pole shoe 25 according to FIG. In order to achieve defined restoring properties, the angled hinged anchor 13 can additionally be under the action of a weak spring, which can be realized, for example, by a film connected to one leg of the hinged anchor.

Claims (3)

1. Miniature relay fitted in a housing (10) with an angular armature (13) which is tiltably supported on its inner side on the yoke (12) of the magnetic system (11, 12, 14) so that in one position the one leg (13b) of the armature (13) has approached the core (11) to within the distance of an air gap an in the other position the other leg (13a) of the armature has approached the yoke (12) to within the distance of an air gap, and on the side of the armature (13) away from the yoke (12) a contact system (19, 22) is fitted which can be actuated through a leg (13a) of the armature (13), characterised in this, that the magnetic circuit of core (11) and yoke (12) is closed by a permanent magnet (21) fitted between these within the angle of the armature (13), the said magnet protruding with one pole into an aperture (23) through the yoke (12).
2. Miniature relay according to Claim 1, characterised in this, that the permanent magnet (21) is fitted eccentrically in relation to the aperture (23) through the yoke (12).
3. Miniature relay according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in this, that the permanent magnet (21) lies with the other pole against a U-shaped pole shoe (24) attached to the core (11).
EP19800100567 1979-02-14 1980-02-04 Miniature relay fitted in a case Expired EP0015389B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792905498 DE2905498C2 (en) 1979-02-14 1979-02-14 Miniature relay
DE2905498 1979-02-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0015389A1 EP0015389A1 (en) 1980-09-17
EP0015389B1 true EP0015389B1 (en) 1982-08-11

Family

ID=6062831

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800100567 Expired EP0015389B1 (en) 1979-02-14 1980-02-04 Miniature relay fitted in a case

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0015389B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS589532B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2905498C2 (en)
ES (1) ES248594Y (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3303665A1 (en) * 1983-02-03 1984-08-09 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY
JPH0723891Y2 (en) * 1988-10-24 1995-05-31 日本信号株式会社 Polarized relay
DE102004018791A1 (en) * 2004-04-15 2005-11-03 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Electro mechanical relay uses permanent magnets set into the yoke to provide monostable or bistable operation
DE102005051942B3 (en) * 2005-10-29 2007-03-29 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Bistable electrical switch especially holding relay has magnetic system with control coil and flap armature with U-shaped pole spaced around core shoulder

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1956279A (en) * 1932-08-25 1934-04-24 Safety Car Heating & Lighting Electromagnetic relay construction
DE734040C (en) * 1941-09-24 1943-04-07 Siemens Ag Polarized relay
US3470510A (en) * 1967-11-07 1969-09-30 American Mach & Foundry Magnetic latch relay
CH468072A (en) * 1967-12-29 1969-01-31 Bassani Spa Bistable relay with magnetic holding
DE1764199A1 (en) * 1968-04-23 1971-06-03 Landis & Gyr Gmbh relay
DE1925764A1 (en) * 1969-05-21 1970-11-26 Licentia Gmbh Power relay
US3599133A (en) * 1970-03-10 1971-08-10 Amf Inc Latch relay motor structure
DE2134249A1 (en) * 1971-04-21 1972-10-26 VEB Werk für Signal- und Sicherungstechnik Berlin, χ 1193 Berlin Electromagnetic latching relay
BE786006A (en) * 1971-07-07 1973-01-08 Siemens Ag POLARIZED MAGNETIC RELAY CIRCUIT
JPS50109466A (en) * 1974-02-06 1975-08-28
DE2503159C3 (en) * 1975-01-27 1981-05-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Polarized electromagnetic relay and process for its manufacture
DE2550134A1 (en) * 1975-11-07 1977-05-18 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES248594U (en) 1980-08-16
JPS55117846A (en) 1980-09-10
JPS589532B2 (en) 1983-02-21
EP0015389A1 (en) 1980-09-17
DE2905498A1 (en) 1980-08-21
DE2905498C2 (en) 1986-10-09
ES248594Y (en) 1981-02-16

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