Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
  • C04B18/0427—Dry materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
  • C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for transforming solid waste, comprising at least 30%, by weight, of cellulose materials, into solid materials, inert and insoluble in water.
• This process can in particular be applied to transform household refuse or industrial waste, consisting of mixtures, of various compositions, of organic and mineral materials, into materials usable in the building industry and civil engineering.
• the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by providing a process for transforming organic and mineral waste into inert materials, usable for example in the building industry and civil engineering, this process comprising operations during which the treated waste undergoes a significant reduction in volume and is transformed into an inert solid product without any risk of release of toxic gas, or other harmful materials, during or after the implementation of the process.
• the method according to the invention is characterized in that the metallic bodies possibly contained in the waste are eliminated, then the waste is ground and homogenized, so as to form a homogeneous pulverulent mass, the mass in the form of a plurality of solid bodies and, finally, these bodies are subjected, in the presence of quicklime, to a heat treatment comprising an initial heating phase causing sudden heat to the core of the bodies, from a temperature initial temperature less than 100 ° C, up to a temperature at least equal to 250 ° C but lower than the pyrolysis temperature of plastics possibly present in the initial mass of waste.
• the moisture content of the solid bodies is adjusted to a value of 27 to .30% by weight, before the heat treatment.
• the moisture content of the solid bodies is adjusted to a value of 27 to .30% by weight, before the heat treatment.
• the pressure under which the mass is compressed to form the solid bodies is between 150 and 900 bars.
• the mass is compressed in the form of granules constituted by cylindrical bodies having a diameter between 4 and 20 millimeters and a length between 6 and 30 millimeters.
• At least one additive is incorporated into the pulverulent mass of waste, at the latest before proceeding to the compression operation of this mass.
• quicklime powder corresponding, for example, to a proportion of between 0.3 and 10% of the pulverulent mass of waste, in this mass, before carrying out the compression operation. of the latter.
• the purpose of this incorporation of quicklime is to bring about a rise in the temperature of the mass of waste to an optimal value for the compression process, that is to say, for example, to a temperature of the order of t 80 ° C, as a result of the reaction of quicklime with the water present in the mass of waste.
• Quicklime can be incorporated into the waste mass alone or as a mixture with a certain quantity of at least one calcium salt, such as carbonate, for example in CaO / CO-Ca weight proportions of between 2: 1 and 1 : 5.
• the blocks of mass of waste are heated to the core to a temperature between 250 and 300 ° C. and then maintained a certain time at this temperature, this initial heating phase being followed by an intermediate cooling phase during which the temperature gradually decreases, to a value between 60 and 80 ° C, and a final phase of maintenance at a temperature between 60 and 80 ° C.
• the total duration of the heat treatment is between 20 and 45 minutes.
• the total duration of the initial heating phase corresponds to approximately one third of the total duration of the heat treatment.
• the heat treatment is carried out by moving, with a constant speed, the granules, from a first heating zone at temperature between 250 and 300 ° C, to an end heating zone at temperature between 60 and 800 ° C, passing through an intermediate zone in which a temperature gradient prevails corresponding to a gradual variation of the temperature, in the direction of movement of the granules, between the temperature of the first heating zone and that of the end of heating zone, the granules being introduced, at the start of the first zone of heating, simultaneously with quicklime powder or a powder mixture of quicklime and at least one calcium salt, in the divided solid state.
• the calcium salt is calcium carbonate.
• the proportion of quicklime, or mixture of quicklime and at least one calcium salt, added to the granules just before subjecting these granules to heat treatment corresponds to 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight of CaO and 0.3 to 0.5 percent by weight of calcium salt.
• the heat treatment is carried out by passing the granules through a rotary tunnel oven, the axis of rotation of which is placed in a practically horizontal position, this oven being provided with a internal helical ramp allowing the transport of the blocks at constant speed from one end to the other of the oven.
• the materials which are liable to be subjected to the process according to the invention can be of very varied origin and composition.
• it can be household waste as well as industrial waste or residues.
• the average composition of the treated material is within the following limits (expressed in percentage by weight): cellulosic materials: 5060% starchy materials (such as starch): 6 to 7% plastics (synthetic polymer resins): 6 to
• the garbage and waste arising from the removal from the collection places are subjected to the usual sorting and sieving operations in order to separate the possibly recoverable and / or recyclable objects as such, in particular the large metal masses.
• the preparation of the mass of waste in the form of a homogeneous pulverulent mixture practically free of metallic materials, and in particular of iron can be carried out by grinding and mixing, these two operations being able to be carried out simultaneously or separately and combined with one or more operations of sorting intended for the separation of metal pieces and more particularly pieces of iron-based materials.
• this mass can be subjected to a first, coarse grinding, up to an average size of pieces of about 50 millimeters, this grinding being carried out before or after a magnetic sorting intended for the removal of particles of iron and the like.
• an additional mineral filler in order to modify the overall composition of the mass, in particular with a view to influencing the composition and the. characteristics of the final product, for example to give it a desired density.
• the addition of this additional charge can be carried out either before the incorporation of the binder in the mass of crushed waste, ie at the same time as this operation.
• the mineral additional filler As a constituent of the mineral additional filler, it is possible, for example, to use one or more materials chosen from the following: clacium carbonate, gypsum, plaster, blast furnace fly ash, magnesia, barium sulfate , lithopone, dolomite, clayey materials, powdered coal.
• the total proportion of materials constituting this additional charge is such that it constitutes from 20 to 40% by weight of the overall amount of the mixture of the mass of waste with this charge.
• the incorporation of the additive into the mass of crushed waste possibly containing the additional charge is advantageously carried out in a mixing device (for example a vertical mixer) and followed by a stay in another mixing device (for example a horizontal mixer) in which the impregnation of the ground material with the additive is continued, for example for a period of the order of 15 to 20 minutes, so as to obtain a homogeneous mixture of the ground material and the additive in which the latter permeates this material perfectly.
• a mixing device for example a vertical mixer
• another mixing device for example a horizontal mixer
• any material in the pulverulent, liquid or pasty state can be used, which can be incorporated intimately and homogeneously into the ground material by giving it properties, in particular with regard to plasticity and rheological characteristics, allowing the subsequent placing of the mixture in the form of solid bodies capable of keeping their cohesion during the final operation of thermochemical treatment.
• pulverulent product consisting of a mixture, in weight proportions of between 1: 2 and 2: 1, of a first powder containing
• a second powder obtained by drying cassava flour swollen by heating, until boiling, in an aqueous medium containing formaldehyde and ammonia for example, using 0.5 to 2 parts of formaldehyde and 0, 5 to 2 parts of ammonia at 40 ° Balm for 10 to 40 parts by weight of cassava flour.
• the amount of additive can be, for example, between 0.5 and 5%, by weight, relative to the weight of the homogeneous mass of waste.
• the operation of compressing the mass mixture of waste (possibly containing an additional charge) and additive as well as, if necessary, quicklime or mixture of quicklime and at least one calcium salt can be carried out , in a manner known per se, according to the form which it is desired to give to the material constituting the final product of desired transformation.
• a granulated material for example in the form of small cylinders having a length of 6 to 30 millimeters and a diameter of 4 to 20 millimeters, an industrial type granulating apparatus is used, allowing '' granulate under a pressure of 150 to 900 bar.
• the proportion of quicklime or mixture of quicklime and calcium carbonate relative to the solid bodies subjected to the heat treatment is preferably from 0.3 to 0.5%, by weight, of CaO and from 0.3 to 0 , 5%, by weight, of calcium carbonate.
• the total heating time is between 20 and 45 minutes, the duration of the first heating phase preferably corresponding to one third of the total heating time.
• the solid bodies to be treated performs the heat treatment by moving, with a constant speed, the solid bodies to be treated from a first heating zone, at a temperature between 250 and 300 ° C, to an end of heating zone at a temperature between 60 and 80 ° C, passing through an intermediate heating zone • in which there is a temperature gradient corresponding to a progressive variation of the temperature, in the direction of movement of the solid bodies between the temperature of the first heating zone and that from the end of heating zone, the solid bodies subjected to the heat treatment being introduced at the same time as quicklime or the mixture of quicklime and calcium salt at the start of the first heating zone, for example by sprinkling the bodies solids by quicklime powder or the powdery mixture of quicklime and calcium salt just before the bodies are introduced into the first heating zone.
• a tubular rotary oven having an axis placed in a practically horizontal position is used to carry out the heat treatment, the material subjected to the heat treatment being introduced at the end of this oven corresponding to the first heating zone, and the material having undergone the heat treatment leaving the oven in the vicinity of its opposite end.
• the final product is in the form of inert and insoluble blocks, for example cylindrical granules, composed almost exclusively of mineral matter and having a structure similar to that of limestone rocks. This product is capable of numerous uses, in particular as building elements, coating or filling in the building and civil engineering industries.
• the garbage passes through a sieve trommel which makes it possible to select the pieces having a maximum size of 6 centimeters, the refusal being directed again towards the primary receiving pit.
• the garbage thus selected is directed on a conveyor belt associated with a magnetic deferiser and a magnetic pulley placed at the head of this conveyor in order to allow to remove all the particles of ferro-magnetic materials which may have remained in the garbage originating from the primary grinding.
• the refuse thus treated then falls into a secondary shredder, making it possible to reduce it to particles having an average size of 2 to 30 millimeters.
• the mass of ground garbage is then directed into a ribbon mixer where a binder prepared by mixing 1Q parts by weight of flour is incorporated.
• a homogeneous pulverulent mixture is thus obtained which is introduced into a rotary granulator in which cylindrical granules are formed, having a diameter of 5 millimeters and a length of 15 millimeters, by compression of the mixture under a pressure of 600 bars.
• the granules thus obtained contain approximately 30% by weight of moisture.
• These granules are introduced continuously, as well as a mixture of quicklime and calcium carbonate in an amount corresponding to 0.35% of finely pulverized quicklime (average particle size: 60 to 100 microns) and 0.35% of powdered technical calcium carbonate (average size 80 to 150 microns), containing at least 20% by weight of calcium, at the entrance of a tubular rotary kiln with a diameter of 1 meter and a length of 9 meters and a rotational speed adjusted so that the passage time of the material treated in the oven is of the order of 40 minutes.
• the tube furnace is heated by means of a gas burner arranged at its end through which the granules and the mixture of quicklime and calcium carbonate are introduced.
• the granules are gradually entrained in the furnace, by means of a helical screw placed inside thereof, and exit at the end opposite to that by which they are introduced, the total duration of residence of the granules in the oven being 40 minutes.
• the granules pass successively in a first heating zone in which they stay for 15 minutes at a temperature between 280 ° C and 260 ° C, then for 15 minutes in an area where .
• . fundamental temperature decreases approximately linearly between 260 and 80 ° C and finally for 10 minutes in a final heating zone where they are maintained between 80 ° C and 60 ° C.
• Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, but incorporating into the ground rubbish mass, at the same time as the binder, an amount of construction plaster waste such as the ratio of the amount of plaster to the total amount of 'garbage and additional charge constituted by this plaster is equal to 30% by weight.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1985
  • 1985-06-19 CH CH2601/85A patent/CH665785A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1986
  • 1986-02-03 ES ES551578A patent/ES8700644A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1986-06-11 HU HU349286A patent/HUT47875A/hu unknown
  • 1986-06-11 IT IT6748086A patent/IT1190587B/it active
  • 1986-06-11 BE BE0/216767A patent/BE904902A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-06-11 WO PCT/CH1986/000084 patent/WO1986007589A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1986-06-11 NL NL8620210A patent/NL8620210A/nl unknown
  • 1986-06-11 YU YU100686A patent/YU100686A/xx unknown
  • 1986-06-11 GB GB8702398A patent/GB2187183B/en not_active Expired
  • 1986-06-11 BR BR8606734A patent/BR8606734A/pt unknown
  • 1986-06-11 FR FR8608445A patent/FR2583742A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-06-11 AU AU59537/86A patent/AU583635B2/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
  • 1986-06-11 DE DE19863690328 patent/DE3690328T1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-06-11 JP JP61503106A patent/JPS63500237A/ja active Pending
  • 1986-06-11 EP EP86903191A patent/EP0227706A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1986-06-12 ES ES555969A patent/ES8703132A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1986-06-12 IL IL79102A patent/IL79102A0/xx unknown
  • 1986-06-16 GR GR861553A patent/GR861553B/el unknown
  • 1986-06-16 ZA ZA864479A patent/ZA864479B/xx unknown
  • 1986-06-17 PT PT8277386A patent/PT82773B/pt unknown
  • 1986-06-18 NZ NZ21658686A patent/NZ216586A/xx unknown
  • 1986-06-18 JO JO19861488A patent/JO1488B1/en active
  • 1986-06-19 TN TNSN86092 patent/TNSN86092A1/fr unknown
  • 1986-06-19 AR AR30431486A patent/AR244115A1/es active
  • 1986-06-19 CN CN86104053.8A patent/CN1004336B/zh not_active Expired
• 1987
  • 1987-02-16 FI FI870637A patent/FI870637A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1987-02-16 SE SE8700625A patent/SE459236B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-02-17 KR KR870700136A patent/KR870700581A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1987-02-18 DK DK81487A patent/DK81487A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1987-02-19 OA OA59073A patent/OA08676A/xx unknown

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