EP0227174A2 - Beverages and beverage concentrates nutritionally supplemented with calcium - Google Patents
Beverages and beverage concentrates nutritionally supplemented with calcium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0227174A2 EP0227174A2 EP86202254A EP86202254A EP0227174A2 EP 0227174 A2 EP0227174 A2 EP 0227174A2 EP 86202254 A EP86202254 A EP 86202254A EP 86202254 A EP86202254 A EP 86202254A EP 0227174 A2 EP0227174 A2 EP 0227174A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- beverage
- calcium
- weight
- beverages
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/68—Acidifying substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
Definitions
- This application relates to beverages and beverage concentrates for preparing same which are nutritionally supplemented with significant levels of calcium.
- Dietary calcium inadequacy may be a contributing cause to osteoporosis, at least for some populations. For example, a positive correlation between calcium intake and bone mass has been found across many age groups. It has also been suggested that the level of calcium intake early in life directly influences the peak bone mass achieved at skeletal maturity.
- Calcium can be obtained from a variety of dietary sources.
- the primary sources of calcium are dairy products, in particular milk. Milk provides a very valuable source of dietary calcium.
- milk is typically not consumed in sufficient quantities by the general population to obtain needed levels of calcium. This may be caused by the unattractiveness of milk as a drink for "social occasions". Indeed, it has been found that teenage girls, and especially young adult women, generally find milk to be a socially unattractive drink, as well as too caloric and unappealing in taste.
- Nutritional supplementation of soft drinks, or other non-milk beverages, with significant levels of calcium is not straight forward. Milk contains, on average, about 0.12% calcium by weight. Inclusion of such a high level of calcium in a soft drink requires consideration of a number of issues.
- insoluble calcium salts such as calcium citrate and calcium phosphate.
- Stability against precipitation is a very significant problem for beverage concentrates used to prepare soft drinks because of the very high levels of calcium salt present.
- stability against precipitation of insoluble calcium salts can be important.
- absorbability refers to the amount of calcium which ends up in the blood serum.
- bioavailability refers to the ability of the calcium to reach the site of bioactivity, i.e., bone. Milk is likely to be the standard against which absorbability and bioavailability of calcium from a non-milk beverage will be measured. Accordingly, to the extent possible, a calcium supplemented soft drink should desirably approach milk in terms of absorbability and bioavailability of calcium.
- European Patent application 117,653 to Nakel et al, published September 5, 1984 discloses beverage compositions which comprise specific mixtures of cations (calcium, potassium and magnesium), as well as specific mixtures of acids (citric malic, and phosphoric acid), to provide desirable flavor impressions, in particular body, while being stable against precipitation of insoluble salts, in particular, calcium salts.
- Embodiments 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, disclose beverages containing 0.035 to 0.045% by weight calcium. The weight ratios of total acids to calcium for these embodiments range from 13 to 26.
- Japanese Patent Document 56-97248 to Kawai published August 5, 1981 , discloses methods for manufacturing calcium malate/citrate compositions. These compositions can be made by dissolving more than 30% malic acid and less than 70% citric acid in water, neutralizing this solution with calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate, and then recovering the crystalline precipitate.
- the weight ratio of total acids to calcium for practical Examples 1 and 2 appears to be about 3.26.
- Japanese Patent Document 54-8767 to Kaji et al, published January 23, 1979 discloses a calcium enriched soft drink containing salts of food organic acids such as calcium citrate, calcium malate, calcium lactate, calcium tartrate, and so on.
- One such soft drink consists of 3 parts of a mixture of calcium citrate, calcium malate, and calcium lactate, 3 parts of a mixture of fruit sugar and invert sugar, 4 parts of a mixture of orange juice and lemon juice, and 90 parts water. This is believed to calculate out to about 0.66% by weight calcium, about 2.4% by weight total acids and a weight ratio of total acids to calcium of about 3.63.
- Japanese Patent Document 59-3710 to Takahara, published February 20, 1984 discloses a calcium supplement drink containing calcium phosphate and/or calcium malate, a sugar alcohol such as sorbitol or mannitol, an organic acid such as malic or citric acid, and water.
- the sugar alcohol appears to be important in this drink for providing a clear solution.
- the ratio of calcium phosphate and/or calcium malate to sugar alcohol to organic acid can be 1 to 28-99 to 3-7.
- the present invention relates to beverages, and beverage concentrates for preparing same, which are nutritionally supplemented with significant levels of calcium.
- the beverages of the present invention comprise:
- the weight ratio of total acids to calcium is the weight ratio of total acids to calcium. This weight ratio can range from 4 to 7 for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention.
- the other key aspect is the weight ratio of citric, malic and phosphoric acid within the acid mixture. Suitable weight ratios of these acids for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention are hereafter defined by selected areas in a ternary diagram.
- the beverages of the present invention supply significant levels of nutritionally beneficial calcium. They have surprising stability against precipitation of insoluble calcium salts, even at relatively high levels of calcium. The initial mouthfeel and freedom from aftertaste of these beverages is also satisfactory, as is the absorbability/ bioavailability of the calcium therefrom. Indeed, certain acid mixtures are preferred from the standpoint of the absorbability/bioavailability of calcium from the beverage.
- Beverage refers to a beverage composition which is in a single-strength, ready-to-serve, drinkable form.
- Beverages of the present invention typically comprise at least 80% (preferably at least 85%) water.
- Beverages contemplated within the scope of the present invention include both carbonated and noncarbonated forms.
- Beverage concentrate refers to a beverage composition in liquid form used to prepare a drinkable beverage.
- Beverage concentrates within the scope of the present invention typically comprise, from 30 to 70% (preferably from 40 to 60%) water. They are usually formulated to provide drinkable beverages when diluted with 3 to 5 parts by weight water.
- Beverage syrup refers to a beverage concentrate which further comprises sugar. Beverage syrups typically comprise from 30 to 70% by weight sugar.
- the term “comprising” means various components can be conjointly employed in the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention. Accordingly, the term “comprising” encompasses the more restrictive terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of.
- the key nutritional component of the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention is calcium.
- Suitable sources of calcium include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydroxide as well as the respective sour salts of calcium, e.g., calcium citrate or calcium malate.
- Calcium carbonate is a particularly preferred calcium source for taste and solubility reasons.
- the calcium needs to be "solubilized", i.e., dissolved, in the beverage or beverage concentrate. Accordingly, the amount of calcium included in the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention will be referred to in terms of "solubilized calcium", i.e., the amount of calcium ion dissolved.
- calcium is present in an amount of at least 0.06% by weight. This minimum level of calcium (half of milk level) provides significant nutritional supplementation for the beverage.
- the maximum level of calcium is up to 0.15% by weight. As the level of calcium in the beverage is increased much beyond 0.15% by weight, satisfactory mouthfeel and stability properties become much more difficult to achieve.
- the level of calcium in such beverages is from 0.10 to 0.15% by weight which includes milk level, i.e., 0.12% by weight.
- the amount of calcium present is from 0.2% to 0.75% by weight.
- beverages of the present invention are prepared from 3-fold (3X) to 5-fold (5X) beverage concentrates.
- the level of calcium is preferably in the range of from 0.3 to 0.75% by weight for these concentrates when they are used to prepare beverages having from 0.10 to 0.15% by weight solubilized calcium.
- the key component for drinkable beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention from the standpoint of stability against precipitation of insoluble calcium salts, mouthfeel/aftertaste quality and desirable absorbability/bioavailability benefits, is the acid component.
- This acid component is based on mixtures of citric acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, i.e., citric/malic acid mixtures, citric/phosphoric acid mixtures, malic/phosphoric acid mixtures, and citric/malic/phosphoric acid mixtures.
- These acids can be present in their undisassociated form or else as the respective sour salts, i.e. citrate, malate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, etc.
- tartaric acid can cause precipitation of calcium
- the level of this acid is preferably no more than 0.02% by weight of the beverage.
- the level of the acid component depends on the beverage composition involved, the level of calcium included, as well as the mouthfeel and stability properties desired.
- the level of total acids can range from 0.24 to 1.05% by weight.
- the level of total acids can range from 0.7 to 5.25% by weight.
- the level of total acids preferably ranges from 0.4 to 1.05% by weight.
- the level of total acids preferably ranges from 1.2 to 5.25% by weight).
- the weight ratio of total acids to calcium can range from 4 to 7. At weight ratios much below 4, it becomes much more difficult to stabilize the beverage and beverage concentrates against precipitation of insoluble calcium salts, especially at calcium levels of from 0.10 to 0.15% by weight. At weight ratios much above 7, the beverage becomes too sour from a taste standpoint.
- Preferred beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention have a weight ratio of total acids to calcium of from 4.8 to 5.6.
- FIG. 1 represents a ternary diagram showing suitable and preferred weight ratios of acids for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention. Each apex of the ternary diagram represents a 1.00 weight ratio (100 weight percent) of the particular acid (citric acid, malic acid, or phosphoric acid).
- the area to the left of outer contour line A1 defines suitable weight ratios of acids for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention, especially for calcium levels of from 0.10 to 0.15% by weight.
- the area to the left of inner contour line A2 defined preferred weight ratios of acids which provide greater absorbability/bioavailability of calcium from beverages of the present invention.
- the area of suitable weight ratios of acids defined by the area to the left of line A1 of Figure 1 was based primarily upon two criteria.
- the first criterion was stability of the beverages against precipitation of calcium salts over time.
- the beverages tested for stability contained aspartame as the sweetener, or contained no sweetener at all. Beverages which did not have any precipitate after a period of 60 days (at room temperature) were considered stable under this test format.
- Figure 2 represents one ternary diagram showing stability against precipitation of beverages having different weight ratios of acids.
- the weight ratios of acids tested are shown by the dots in Figure 2.
- the calcium level of the beverages was held constant at about 0.12% by weight, i.e., milk level.
- the weight ratio of total acids to calcium was held constant at about 5 for all beverages.
- Those weight ratios of acids providing beverages stable against precipitation are defined by the area to the left of contour line P1.
- mouthfeel quality of the beverages The other criterion used in defining suitable weight ratios of acids was the mouthfeel quality of the beverages. It has been found that mouthfeel actually involves two different sensations. One is initial mouthfeel impressions which usually occur within the first 10 to 15 seconds of consuming the beverage. The other mouthfeel sensation can occur long after the beverage is consumed, sometimes as much as 15 to 60 minutes later, and is hereafter referred to as "aftertaste".
- Figure 3 represents a ternary diagram showing the effect of different weight ratios of acids on the initial mouthfeel/aftertaste properties of beverages having a calcium level of about 0.12% by weight.
- the area to the left of the contour line running through points A, B, C, D and E defines weight ratios of acids providing beverages having satisfactory initial taste/mouthfeel.
- the area to the left of the contour line running through points A, B, F, D and E defines weight ratios of acids providing beverages having satisfactory initial taste/mouthfeel and aftertaste properties.
- Segment AB was developed based on paneling of beverage samples containing 0.12% by weight calcium and acid systems consisting of (by weight of the acid system) 60 to 100% citric acid, 0 to 30% malic acid and 0 to 30% phosphoric acid.
- the total acids levels for the samples ranged from 0.6 to 0.7% by weight depending upon the acid system used.
- Citric acid and citric/malic acid mixtures were paneled at 0.6% by weight total acids. Samples containing higher levels of phosphoric acid contained slightly more total acids to better match sourness between the samples paneled.
- Segment BCD was developed based on paneling of beverage samples containing 0.12% by weight calcium and acid systems consisting of 30 to 100% phosphoric acid, 0 to 70% citric acid and 0 to 70% malic acid. The total acids level ranged from 0.5 to 0.55% (to match the cola flavor) and was adjusted to obtain equal sourness between samples. In addition to calcium and the acids, all samples contained 0.05% sodium benzoate, 0.039% aspartame, 2% high fructose corn syrup -55, a cola flavor and carbonation to 3.2 volumes CO2. The samples were paneled like those for segment AB. The results from this paneling were used to generate segment BCD. Weight ratios of acids to the left of segment BCD had preferred mouthfeel and taste quality. Those weight ratios to the right of segment BCD had unpleasant/dispreferred mouthfeel and taste properties.
- Segment DE was developed based on paneling of beverage samples containing 0.12% by weight calcium and acid systems consisting of 60 to 100% malic acid, 0 to 40% citric acid and 0 to 40% phosphoric acid. The total acids level for the samples was held constant at 0.6%. In addition to calcium and the acids, the samples contained 0.05% sodium benzoate, 0.05% aspartame, and a citrus flavor. The samples were paneled like those for segments AB and BCD. The results from this paneling were used to generate segment DE. Weight ratios of acids having preferred mouthfeel and taste qualities lie above segment DE. Those weight ratios having undesirable mouthfeel/ taste qualities lie below segment DE.
- Segment BFD was generated as follows: based on panel testing of beverage samples with a wide range of citric, malic and phosphoric acid weight ratios, it became apparent that beverages having 0.12% by weight calcium and a high level (50% or more by weight of acid system) phosphoric acid created an unpleasant, often delayed, lingering "bite/burn/dry" mouthfeel. The effect appeared to be cumulative (the more consumed, the worse the effect) and appeared to be correlated with the level of phosphoric acid used. Specific expert taste and consumption paneling of beverage samples containing a range of citric, malic and phosphoric acid weight ratios indicated that acid systems consisting of 40% phosphoric acid were about borderline with regard to acceptable mouthfeel/aftertaste.
- this aftertaste phenomena can be related to the delayed precipitation of calcium salts and in particular calcium hydrogen phosphate.
- aftertaste effects occur when the saturation threshold of the acid mixture, in the presence of saliva, is exceeded. (Saliva typically raises the pH of beverage residue in the mouth from about 6.5 to about 8.0 which decreases the saturation threshold of the acids significantly.)
- the thermodynamics favor precipitation of calcium salts when this saturation threshold is exceeded, the kinetics are such that precipitation occurs much more slowly. Accordingly, this delayed precipitation results in supersaturation of calcium salts and is sensed as an aftertaste in the mouth.
- this experiment involves mixing 1 part by weight of the beverage with 1 part by weight of a 0.04 M NaHCO3 solution.
- the NaHCO3 solution functions like stimulated saliva which is, on average, 0.04M in NaHCO3). Those beverages for which the saturation threshold of the acid mixture would be exceeded in the mouth will eventually precipitate when the NaHCO3 solution is added.
- FIG. 4 One such experiment involving beverages containing about 0.12% by weight calcium and a total acids to calcium weight ratio of about 5 is shown in Figure 4.
- the weight ratios of acids evaluated are shown by the dots in Figure 4.
- the lines S 0.12 represents the saturation threshold for these beverages, i.e., all weight ratios of acids to the right of line S 0.12 will eventually precipitate when the NaHCO3 solution is added. If Figures 3 and 4 are made into transparencies and overlaid, line S 0.12 is a close approximation of when aftertaste effects begin to occur in Figure 3, i.e. to the right of segment BFD.
- Contour line A2 of Figure 1 which defines preferred weight ratios of acids providing greater absorbability/bioavailability of calcium from the beverage, was based on data obtained in experiments where the whole body retention of radiolabeled calcium (47Ca) from beverages dosed to rats was measured. (Measurements of whole body retention of radiolabeled calcium are believed to accurately reflect combined absorbability and bioavailability of the calcium.)
- the beverages contained 0.105% by weight calcium.
- the area to the left of contour line A2 defines those weight ratios of acids where calcium retention was 28% or greater based on the total amount of calcium in the beverage. (For beverages having weight ratios of acids defined within the area enclosed by contour line A1, calcium retention is generally at least 17%).
- the flavor component of the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention contains a flavor selected from fruit flavors, botanical flavors and mixtures thereof.
- fruit flavor refers to those flavors derived from the edible reproductive part of a seed plant, especially one having a sweet pulp associated with the seed.
- synthetically prepared flavors made to simulate fruit flavors derived from natural sources.
- Particularly preferred fruit flavors are the citrus flavors including orange flavors, lemon flavors, lime flavors and grapefruit flavors.
- citrus flavors a variety of other fruit flavors can be used such as apple flavors, grape flavors, cherry flavors, pineapple flavors and the like. These fruit flavors can be derived from natural sources such as fruit juices and flavor oils, or else synthetically prepared.
- botanical flavor refers to flavors derived from parts of a plant other than the fruit.
- botanical flavors can include those flavors derived from nuts, bark, roots and leaves.
- synthetically prepared flavors made to simulate botanical flavors derived from natural sources. Examples of such flavors include kola flavors, tea flavors, and the like. These botanical flavors can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils and extracts, or else can be synthetically prepared.
- the flavor component can comprise a blend of various flavors, e.g. lemon and lime flavors, kola flavors with citrus flavors to form cola flavors, etc. If desired, fruit juices such as orange juice, lemon juice, lime juice, apple juice, grape juice and the like can be used in the flavor component.
- the flavors in the flavor component are sometimes formed into emulsion droplets which are then dispersed in the beverage concentrate. Because these droplets usually have a specific gravity less than that of water and would therefore form a separate phase, weighting agents (which can also act as clouding agents) are typically used to keep the emulsion droplets dispersed in the beverage. Examples of such weighting agents are brominated vegetable oils (BVO) and rosin esters, in particular the ester gums. See L. F.
- weighting and clouding agents in liquid beverages.
- emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers can be used to stabilize the emulsion droplets.
- examples of such emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers include the gums, pectins, celluloses, polysorbates, sorbitan esters and propylene glycol alginates. See L. F. Green, supra at p. 92.
- flavor enhancing can depend upon the flavor(s) selected, the flavor impression desired, and the form of the flavor component.
- flavor component can comprise at least 0.05% by weight of the beverage composition, and typically from 0.1 to 0.25% by weight for carbonated beverages.
- the flavor component can comprise, on a single-strength basis, up to 40% fruit juice by weight of the beverage, preferably from 5 to 20% fruit juice by weight for carbonated beverages.
- Beverages and beverage syrups of the present invention contain a sweetener other than a sugar alcohol.
- the sweetener typically used is sugar.
- sugar refers to mono- and di-saccharide sweeteners. Examples of such sugars include sucrose, glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, invert sugar and the like. Preferred sugars are sucrose and high fructose corn syrup. Sugars, especially high fructose corn syrup, have been found to enhance the absorbability/ bioavailability of calcium from beverages of the present invention.
- noncaloric sweeteners can be used for diet beverages.
- sweeteners include saccharin, cyclamates, acetosulfam, L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine lower alkyl ester sweeteners, L-aspartyl-D-alanine amides disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,411,925 to Brennan et al., issued October 23, 1983 (herein incorporated by reference), L-aspartyl-D-serine amides disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,399,163 to Brennan et al., issued August 16, 1983 (herein incorporated by reference), L-aspartyl-L-1-hydroxy-methylalkaneamide sweeteners disclosed in U.S.
- Patent 4,338,346 to Brand issued December 21, 1982 (herein incorporated by reference), L-aspartyl-1-hydroxyethylalkaneamide sweeteners disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,423,029 to Rizzi, issued December 27, 1983 (herein incorporated by reference), and the like.
- the acid mixtures of the present invention can provide improved hydrolytic stability for beverages containing L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine ester (e.g. aspartame) sweeteners in the critical pH range of from 4.0 to 4.8.
- the amount of the sweetener effective in the beverages of the present invention depends upon the particular sweetener(s) used and the sweetness intensity desired. For noncaloric sweeteners, this amount varies depending upon the sweetness intensity of the particular sweetener. For sugar, this amount can be from 1 to 14% (typically from 6 to 14%) by weight for carbonated beverages. Preferred beverages contain from 9 to 13% by weight sugar. (In determining the amount of sugar for beverages of the present invention, any sugar or other sweetener present in the flavor component, such as in fruit juice, is also included.) Low-calorie sweetener combinations containing a noncaloric sweetener such as aspartame and a sugar such as high fructose corn syrup can also be used in beverages of the present invention. For beverage syrups of the present invention, the amount of sugar is significantly higher. Usually, the amount of sugar in a beverage syrup is from 30 to 70% by weight. Preferably, such beverage syrups contain from 40 to 60% by weight sugar.
- the beverages, beverage concentrates and beverage syrups of the present invention are substantially free of a sugar alcohol, i.e. less than 1% by weight.
- the sugar alcohols include sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol.
- Sugar alcohols are sometimes used as sweeteners for food products.
- these sugar alcohols which are noncaloric, are also metabolized by lower gut flora, causing flatulence and related gastrointestinal (Gl) tract problems such as diarrhea. Accordingly, at the levels required to sweeten beverages, sugar alcohols are not useful in this present invention.
- the pH of the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention is dependent upon the weight ratios of the acids, the total amount of acids and the sourness impression desired. Typically, the pH can range from 2.5 to 6.5. Preferred carbonated beverages have a pH of from 3.0 to 4.5.
- beverage ingredients are frequently included in beverages and concentrates. Such ingredients include preservatives such as benzoic acid and salts thereof, sulfor dioxide, etc. Also, typically included are colors derived either from natural sources or synthetically prepared. See L. F. Green, Developments in Soft Drinks Technology , Vol. 1 (Applied Science Publishers Ltd. 1978), pp. 185-186 (herein incorporated by reference) for preservatives and colors used in beverages.
- the beverages and concentrates of the present invention can be prepared by standard beverage formulation techniques. Although noncarbonated beverages are within the scope of the present invention, particular emphasis is given to the making of carbonated beverages. It should be understood, however, that carbonated beverage making techniques, when appropriately modified, are also applicable to noncarbonated beverages. Also, while the following description is with reference to sugar containing beverages, diet beverages containing noncaloric sweeteners can also be prepared by appropriate modification.
- a beverage concentrate is usually formed containing from 30 to 70% by weight water.
- This beverage concentrate typically contains the emulsified or water-soluble flavors, emulsion stabilizing agents, and weighting agents if needed, any color desired and suitable preservatives.
- sugar and water are then added to make a beverage syrup.
- This beverage syrup is then mixed with an appropriate quantity of water to form the finished beverage.
- the weight ratio of water: syrup is from about 3:1 (3X syrup) to about 5:1 (5X syrup).
- Carbon dioxide can be introduced either into the water mixed with the beverage syrup or into the drinkable beverage to achieve carbonation.
- the carbonated beverage can then be placed in a container such as a bottle or can and then sealed. See L. F. Green, Developments in Soft Drinks Technology , Vol. 1, (Applied Science Publishers Ltd 1978), pp. 102-107 (herein incorporated by reference), for a further description of beverage making, in particular the process for carbonation.
- carbonated beverages of the present invention contain from 1.0 to 4.5 volumes of carbon dioxide.
- Preferred carbonated beverages contain from 2 to 3.5 volumes of carbon dioxide.
- the calcium source and the acids can be added at various points in this beverage concentrate-beverage syrup-carbonated beverage making process.
- the calcium source and acids are preferably added at the same point in this process, but can also be added at different points.
- the calcium source and acids are included during preparation of the beverage concentrate or during preparation of the beverage syrup.
- a beverage syrup containing fruit juice was prepared as follows: malic acid (7.38 g.) and citric acid (7.38 g.) were mixed in water (500 g.) until dissolved. Calcium carbonate (7.65 g.) was then added and mixed until dissolved. High fructose corn syrup-55 (356.93 g.) was then added and mixed. Sodium benzoate (1.23 g.) was predissolved in water (80.21 g.) and then added. Finally, apple juice concentrate (79.21 g.) having a solids content of 72.1° Brix was added and mixed.
- This beverage syrup was added to 16 oz. bottles at 200 g./bottle. Carbonated water (4.0 volumes CO2) was added to each bottle to make 16 oz. (volume basis) of finished carbonated beverage having a carbonation level of about 2.3 volumes CO2.
- This beverage syrup was added to 16 oz. bottles at 200 g./bottle. A lemon/lime flavor (0.474 ml.) was then added to each bottle. Carbonated water (4.68 volumes CO2) was then added to each bottle to make 16 oz. (volume basis) of finished beverage having a carbonation level of 3.0 volumes CO2 and a pH of 4.3.
- the beverage premix was added to 16 oz. bottles at 200 g./bottle.
- a lemon/lime flavor (0.474 ml.) was then added to each bottle.
- Carbonated water (4.68 volumes CO2) was then added to each bottle to make 16 oz. (volume basis) of finished diet beverage having a carbonation level of 3.0 volumes CO2 and a pH of 4.3.
- This beverage syrup was added to 16 oz. bottles at 258 g./bottle. Carbonated water (5.2 volumes CO2) was then added to each bottle to make 16 oz. (volume basis) of finished beverage having a carbonation level of 2.5 volumes CO2.
- the beverage premix was added to 10 oz. bottles at 123 g./bottle. Berry flavor (2.22 g.) was then added to each bottle. A 10% citric acid solution (1.8 g.), 10% black currant flavor (0.075 ml.) and water (35 g.) were then added to each bottle. Carbonated water ( about 5.2 volumes CO2) was then added to each bottle to provide 10 oz. (volume basis) of finished diet beverage having a carbonation level of 2.4 volumes CO2.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application relates to beverages and beverage concentrates for preparing same which are nutritionally supplemented with significant levels of calcium.
- Dietary calcium inadequacy may be a contributing cause to osteoporosis, at least for some populations. For example, a positive correlation between calcium intake and bone mass has been found across many age groups. It has also been suggested that the level of calcium intake early in life directly influences the peak bone mass achieved at skeletal maturity.
- During the period of late teenage to young adulthood, it has been found that a significant reduction in dietary calcium intake typically occurs. This is especially true of the female population where reduced dietary calcium intake usually happens much earlier in life compared to their male counterparts. Accordingly, females, as a class, are especially susceptible to a prolonged calcium deficit over their life span. This calcium deficit may be one reason for the greater incidence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
- Calcium can be obtained from a variety of dietary sources. The primary sources of calcium are dairy products, in particular milk. Milk provides a very valuable source of dietary calcium. However, beginning in young adulthood and continuing through later life, milk is typically not consumed in sufficient quantities by the general population to obtain needed levels of calcium. This may be caused by the unattractiveness of milk as a drink for "social occasions". Indeed, it has been found that teenage girls, and especially young adult women, generally find milk to be a socially unattractive drink, as well as too caloric and unappealing in taste.
- To achieve greater consumption of calcium, a more appealing alternative to milk is apparently needed. This alternative must be one which is consumed in sufficient quantities to provide nutritionally beneficial amounts of calcium. Products which are consumed in great quantities by teenagers and young adults are carbonated soft drinks. Unlike milk, soft drinks can be formulated with a variety of flavors generated by natural flavor oils, flavor extracts and synthetically derived flavor materials. The numerous flavor impressions possible may be the reason why soft drinks are very attractive to this particular group. Accordingly, soft drinks nutritionally supplemented with calcium could be viewed as a potential vehicle for achieving greater dietary calcium intake during this critical teenage/young adult period, and throughout life as well.
- Nutritional supplementation of soft drinks, or other non-milk beverages, with significant levels of calcium is not straight forward. Milk contains, on average, about 0.12% calcium by weight. Inclusion of such a high level of calcium in a soft drink requires consideration of a number of issues.
- One is making sure that the calcium supplemented drink has desirable taste and mouthfeel qualities. It has been found that high levels of calcium can impart significant "chalky" mouthfeel sensations to a soft drink. This has been found to be especially true for soft drinks based on high levels of citric acid as the acidulant. In addition, it has been found that high levels of calcium can cause undesirable "biting/burning" mouthfeel sensations long after the soft drink is consumed. This "aftertaste" problem is especially true of soft drinks based on high levels of phosphoric acid as the acidulant.
- Another potential issue is precipitation of insoluble calcium salts such as calcium citrate and calcium phosphate. Stability against precipitation is a very significant problem for beverage concentrates used to prepare soft drinks because of the very high levels of calcium salt present. However, at even moderate concentrations in drinkable beverages, stability against precipitation of insoluble calcium salts can be important.
- Another factor which must be considered is the absorbability and bioavailability of the calcium from the soft drink. As used herein, "absorbability" refers to the amount of calcium which ends up in the blood serum. As used herein, "bioavailability" refers to the ability of the calcium to reach the site of bioactivity, i.e., bone. Milk is likely to be the standard against which absorbability and bioavailability of calcium from a non-milk beverage will be measured. Accordingly, to the extent possible, a calcium supplemented soft drink should desirably approach milk in terms of absorbability and bioavailability of calcium.
- European Patent application 117,653 to Nakel et al, published September 5, 1984, discloses beverage compositions which comprise specific mixtures of cations (calcium, potassium and magnesium), as well as specific mixtures of acids (citric malic, and phosphoric acid), to provide desirable flavor impressions, in particular body, while being stable against precipitation of insoluble salts, in particular, calcium salts. Embodiments 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, disclose beverages containing 0.035 to 0.045% by weight calcium. The weight ratios of total acids to calcium for these embodiments range from 13 to 26.
- Japanese Patent Document 56-97248 to Kawai, published August 5, 1981, discloses methods for manufacturing calcium malate/citrate compositions. These compositions can be made by dissolving more than 30% malic acid and less than 70% citric acid in water, neutralizing this solution with calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate, and then recovering the crystalline precipitate. The weight ratio of total acids to calcium for practical Examples 1 and 2 appears to be about 3.26.
- Japanese Patent Document 54-8767 to Kaji et al, published January 23, 1979, discloses a calcium enriched soft drink containing salts of food organic acids such as calcium citrate, calcium malate, calcium lactate, calcium tartrate, and so on. One such soft drink consists of 3 parts of a mixture of calcium citrate, calcium malate, and calcium lactate, 3 parts of a mixture of fruit sugar and invert sugar, 4 parts of a mixture of orange juice and lemon juice, and 90 parts water. This is believed to calculate out to about 0.66% by weight calcium, about 2.4% by weight total acids and a weight ratio of total acids to calcium of about 3.63.
- Japanese Patent Document 59-3710 to Takahara, published February 20, 1984, discloses a calcium supplement drink containing calcium phosphate and/or calcium malate, a sugar alcohol such as sorbitol or mannitol, an organic acid such as malic or citric acid, and water. The sugar alcohol appears to be important in this drink for providing a clear solution. The ratio of calcium phosphate and/or calcium malate to sugar alcohol to organic acid can be 1 to 28-99 to 3-7.
- The present invention relates to beverages, and beverage concentrates for preparing same, which are nutritionally supplemented with significant levels of calcium. The beverages of the present invention comprise:
- (a) from 0.06 to 0.15% by weight solubilized calcium;
- (b) from 0.24 to 1.05% by weight total acids selected from mixtures of citric acid, malic acid and phosphoric acid;
- (c) a flavor component which contains no more than 40% fruit juice by weight on a single-strength basis; and
- (d) a sweetener other than a sugar alcohol.
- In addition to the specified levels of calcium and total acids, there are two other key aspects to the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention. One is the weight ratio of total acids to calcium. This weight ratio can range from 4 to 7 for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention. The other key aspect is the weight ratio of citric, malic and phosphoric acid within the acid mixture. Suitable weight ratios of these acids for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention are hereafter defined by selected areas in a ternary diagram.
- The beverages of the present invention supply significant levels of nutritionally beneficial calcium. They have surprising stability against precipitation of insoluble calcium salts, even at relatively high levels of calcium. The initial mouthfeel and freedom from aftertaste of these beverages is also satisfactory, as is the absorbability/ bioavailability of the calcium therefrom. Indeed, certain acid mixtures are preferred from the standpoint of the absorbability/bioavailability of calcium from the beverage.
-
- Figure 1 represents a ternary diagram which defines suitable and preferred weight ratios of acids for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention.
- Figure 2 represents a ternary diagram showing the effect of different weight ratios of acids on the precipitation stability of beverages having a calcium level of about 0.12% by weight.
- Figure 3 represents a ternary diagram showing the effect of different weight ratios of acids on the initial taste/mouthfeel/aftertaste quality of beverages having a calcium level of about 0.12% by weight.
- Figure 4 represents a ternary diagram showing saturation thresholds in the mouth for beverages having a calcium level of about 0.12% by weight, based on a model system.
- As used herein, the term "beverage" refers to a beverage composition which is in a single-strength, ready-to-serve, drinkable form. Beverages of the present invention typically comprise at least 80% (preferably at least 85%) water. Beverages contemplated within the scope of the present invention include both carbonated and noncarbonated forms.
- As used herein, the term "beverage concentrate" refers to a beverage composition in liquid form used to prepare a drinkable beverage. Beverage concentrates within the scope of the present invention typically comprise, from 30 to 70% (preferably from 40 to 60%) water. They are usually formulated to provide drinkable beverages when diluted with 3 to 5 parts by weight water.
- As used herein, the term "beverage syrup" refers to a beverage concentrate which further comprises sugar. Beverage syrups typically comprise from 30 to 70% by weight sugar.
- As used herein, the term "comprising" means various components can be conjointly employed in the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention. Accordingly, the term "comprising" encompasses the more restrictive terms "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of.
- The key nutritional component of the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention is calcium. Suitable sources of calcium include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydroxide as well as the respective sour salts of calcium, e.g., calcium citrate or calcium malate. Calcium carbonate is a particularly preferred calcium source for taste and solubility reasons. To be useful in the present invention, the calcium needs to be "solubilized", i.e., dissolved, in the beverage or beverage concentrate. Accordingly, the amount of calcium included in the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention will be referred to in terms of "solubilized calcium", i.e., the amount of calcium ion dissolved.
- For beverages of the present invention, calcium is present in an amount of at least 0.06% by weight. This minimum level of calcium (half of milk level) provides significant nutritional supplementation for the beverage. The maximum level of calcium is up to 0.15% by weight. As the level of calcium in the beverage is increased much beyond 0.15% by weight, satisfactory mouthfeel and stability properties become much more difficult to achieve. Preferably the level of calcium in such beverages is from 0.10 to 0.15% by weight which includes milk level, i.e., 0.12% by weight.
- With regard to beverage concentrates used to prepare beverages of the present invention, the amount of calcium present is from 0.2% to 0.75% by weight. Typically, beverages of the present invention are prepared from 3-fold (3X) to 5-fold (5X) beverage concentrates. Accordingly, the level of calcium is preferably in the range of from 0.3 to 0.75% by weight for these concentrates when they are used to prepare beverages having from 0.10 to 0.15% by weight solubilized calcium.
- The key component for drinkable beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention from the standpoint of stability against precipitation of insoluble calcium salts, mouthfeel/aftertaste quality and desirable absorbability/bioavailability benefits, is the acid component. This acid component is based on mixtures of citric acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, i.e., citric/malic acid mixtures, citric/phosphoric acid mixtures, malic/phosphoric acid mixtures, and citric/malic/phosphoric acid mixtures. These acids can be present in their undisassociated form or else as the respective sour salts, i.e. citrate, malate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, etc. If desired, other edible acids such as tartaric, fumaric, and the like can also be included in the beverages and concentrates of the present invention. (Because tartaric acid can cause precipitation of calcium, the level of this acid is preferably no more than 0.02% by weight of the beverage).
- For the purposes of the present invention, the level of the acid component (hereafter total acids) depends on the beverage composition involved, the level of calcium included, as well as the mouthfeel and stability properties desired. For beverages having from 0.06 to 0.15% by weight solubilized calcium, the level of total acids can range from 0.24 to 1.05% by weight. (For beverage concentrates used to prepare such beverages, the level of total acids can range from 0.7 to 5.25% by weight). For beverages having 0.10 to 0.15% by weight solubilized calcium, the level of total acids preferably ranges from 0.4 to 1.05% by weight. (For beverage concentrates used to prepare such beverages, the level of total acids preferably ranges from 1.2 to 5.25% by weight).
- There are two other important factors with regard to the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention. One is the weight ratio of total acids to calcium. For the purposes of the present invention, this weight ratio can range from 4 to 7. At weight ratios much below 4, it becomes much more difficult to stabilize the beverage and beverage concentrates against precipitation of insoluble calcium salts, especially at calcium levels of from 0.10 to 0.15% by weight. At weight ratios much above 7, the beverage becomes too sour from a taste standpoint. Preferred beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention have a weight ratio of total acids to calcium of from 4.8 to 5.6.
- The other important factor for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention is the particular weight ratios of the acids within the acid mixture. Figure 1 represents a ternary diagram showing suitable and preferred weight ratios of acids for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention. Each apex of the ternary diagram represents a 1.00 weight ratio (100 weight percent) of the particular acid (citric acid, malic acid, or phosphoric acid). The area to the left of outer contour line A₁ defines suitable weight ratios of acids for beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention, especially for calcium levels of from 0.10 to 0.15% by weight. The area to the left of inner contour line A₂ defined preferred weight ratios of acids which provide greater absorbability/bioavailability of calcium from beverages of the present invention.
- The area of suitable weight ratios of acids defined by the area to the left of line A₁ of Figure 1 was based primarily upon two criteria. The first criterion was stability of the beverages against precipitation of calcium salts over time. The beverages tested for stability contained aspartame as the sweetener, or contained no sweetener at all. Beverages which did not have any precipitate after a period of 60 days (at room temperature) were considered stable under this test format.
- Figure 2 represents one ternary diagram showing stability against precipitation of beverages having different weight ratios of acids. The weight ratios of acids tested are shown by the dots in Figure 2. The calcium level of the beverages was held constant at about 0.12% by weight, i.e., milk level. Also, the weight ratio of total acids to calcium was held constant at about 5 for all beverages. Those weight ratios of acids providing beverages stable against precipitation are defined by the area to the left of contour line P₁.
- The other criterion used in defining suitable weight ratios of acids was the mouthfeel quality of the beverages. It has been found that mouthfeel actually involves two different sensations. One is initial mouthfeel impressions which usually occur within the first 10 to 15 seconds of consuming the beverage. The other mouthfeel sensation can occur long after the beverage is consumed, sometimes as much as 15 to 60 minutes later, and is hereafter referred to as "aftertaste".
- Figure 3 represents a ternary diagram showing the effect of different weight ratios of acids on the initial mouthfeel/aftertaste properties of beverages having a calcium level of about 0.12% by weight. The area to the left of the contour line running through points A, B, C, D and E defines weight ratios of acids providing beverages having satisfactory initial taste/mouthfeel. The area to the left of the contour line running through points A, B, F, D and E defines weight ratios of acids providing beverages having satisfactory initial taste/mouthfeel and aftertaste properties.
- The segments AB, BCD, DE and BFD which make up these contour lines were generated separately as follows: Segment AB was developed based on paneling of beverage samples containing 0.12% by weight calcium and acid systems consisting of (by weight of the acid system) 60 to 100% citric acid, 0 to 30% malic acid and 0 to 30% phosphoric acid. The total acids levels for the samples ranged from 0.6 to 0.7% by weight depending upon the acid system used. Citric acid and citric/malic acid mixtures were paneled at 0.6% by weight total acids. Samples containing higher levels of phosphoric acid contained slightly more total acids to better match sourness between the samples paneled. In addition to calcium and the acids, all samples contained 0.05% sodium benzoate, 0.039% aspartame, 2% high fructose corn syrup-55, a citrus flavor and carbonation to 3.2 volumes CO₂. The samples were paneled among 3 to 15 expert tasters and were evaluated for taste and aftertaste level and quality, as well as mouthfeel effects during consumption of the sample. The results from this paneling were used to generate segment AB. Weight ratios of acids below segment AB had preferred mouthfeel and taste quality. Those weight ratios above segment AB had undesirable mouthfeel/taste qualities.
- Segment BCD was developed based on paneling of beverage samples containing 0.12% by weight calcium and acid systems consisting of 30 to 100% phosphoric acid, 0 to 70% citric acid and 0 to 70% malic acid. The total acids level ranged from 0.5 to 0.55% (to match the cola flavor) and was adjusted to obtain equal sourness between samples. In addition to calcium and the acids, all samples contained 0.05% sodium benzoate, 0.039% aspartame, 2% high fructose corn syrup -55, a cola flavor and carbonation to 3.2 volumes CO₂. The samples were paneled like those for segment AB. The results from this paneling were used to generate segment BCD. Weight ratios of acids to the left of segment BCD had preferred mouthfeel and taste quality. Those weight ratios to the right of segment BCD had unpleasant/dispreferred mouthfeel and taste properties.
- Segment DE was developed based on paneling of beverage samples containing 0.12% by weight calcium and acid systems consisting of 60 to 100% malic acid, 0 to 40% citric acid and 0 to 40% phosphoric acid. The total acids level for the samples was held constant at 0.6%. In addition to calcium and the acids, the samples contained 0.05% sodium benzoate, 0.05% aspartame, and a citrus flavor. The samples were paneled like those for segments AB and BCD. The results from this paneling were used to generate segment DE. Weight ratios of acids having preferred mouthfeel and taste qualities lie above segment DE. Those weight ratios having undesirable mouthfeel/ taste qualities lie below segment DE.
- Segment BFD was generated as follows: based on panel testing of beverage samples with a wide range of citric, malic and phosphoric acid weight ratios, it became apparent that beverages having 0.12% by weight calcium and a high level (50% or more by weight of acid system) phosphoric acid created an unpleasant, often delayed, lingering "bite/burn/dry" mouthfeel. The effect appeared to be cumulative (the more consumed, the worse the effect) and appeared to be correlated with the level of phosphoric acid used. Specific expert taste and consumption paneling of beverage samples containing a range of citric, malic and phosphoric acid weight ratios indicated that acid systems consisting of 40% phosphoric acid were about borderline with regard to acceptable mouthfeel/aftertaste. Samples, often of temporary physical stability, with 70%/30% phosphoric citric acid or 100% phosphoric acid had very unpleasant, delayed mouthfeel which was characterized as an "aftertaste". Accordingly, segment BFD was drawn. Acid systems consisting of 50% or more phosphoric acid are to the right of this segment. It is these high level phosphoric acid systems which develop undesirable "aftertaste".
- It is believed that this aftertaste phenomena can be related to the delayed precipitation of calcium salts and in particular calcium hydrogen phosphate. Basically, aftertaste effects occur when the saturation threshold of the acid mixture, in the presence of saliva, is exceeded. (Saliva typically raises the pH of beverage residue in the mouth from about 6.5 to about 8.0 which decreases the saturation threshold of the acids significantly.) Although the thermodynamics favor precipitation of calcium salts when this saturation threshold is exceeded, the kinetics are such that precipitation occurs much more slowly. Accordingly, this delayed precipitation results in supersaturation of calcium salts and is sensed as an aftertaste in the mouth.
- This aftertaste effect has also been demonstrated experimentally. Basically, this experiment involves mixing 1 part by weight of the beverage with 1 part by weight of a 0.04 M NaHCO₃ solution. (The NaHCO₃ solution functions like stimulated saliva which is, on average, 0.04M in NaHCO₃). Those beverages for which the saturation threshold of the acid mixture would be exceeded in the mouth will eventually precipitate when the NaHCO₃ solution is added.
- One such experiment involving beverages containing about 0.12% by weight calcium and a total acids to calcium weight ratio of about 5 is shown in Figure 4. The weight ratios of acids evaluated are shown by the dots in Figure 4. The lines S0.12 represents the saturation threshold for these beverages, i.e., all weight ratios of acids to the right of line S0.12 will eventually precipitate when the NaHCO₃ solution is added. If Figures 3 and 4 are made into transparencies and overlaid, line S0.12 is a close approximation of when aftertaste effects begin to occur in Figure 3, i.e. to the right of segment BFD.
- The ternary diagrams in Figures 2, 3, and 4 were made into transparencies. These transparencies were then overlaid, starting with Figure 2 and ending with Figure 4. An area of common preference was then developed based on the stability against precipitation (Figure 2) and initial mouthfeel/aftertaste (Figures 3 and 4) criteria. This area was then used to generate contour line A₁ for the ternary diagram for Figure 1.
- Contour line A₂ of Figure 1, which defines preferred weight ratios of acids providing greater absorbability/bioavailability of calcium from the beverage, was based on data obtained in experiments where the whole body retention of radiolabeled calcium (⁴⁷Ca) from beverages dosed to rats was measured. (Measurements of whole body retention of radiolabeled calcium are believed to accurately reflect combined absorbability and bioavailability of the calcium.) The beverages contained 0.105% by weight calcium. The area to the left of contour line A₂ defines those weight ratios of acids where calcium retention was 28% or greater based on the total amount of calcium in the beverage. (For beverages having weight ratios of acids defined within the area enclosed by contour line A₁, calcium retention is generally at least 17%).
-
- The flavor component of the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention contains a flavor selected from fruit flavors, botanical flavors and mixtures thereof. As used herein, the term "fruit flavor" refers to those flavors derived from the edible reproductive part of a seed plant, especially one having a sweet pulp associated with the seed. Also included within the term "fruit flavor" are synthetically prepared flavors made to simulate fruit flavors derived from natural sources. Particularly preferred fruit flavors are the citrus flavors including orange flavors, lemon flavors, lime flavors and grapefruit flavors. Besides citrus flavors, a variety of other fruit flavors can be used such as apple flavors, grape flavors, cherry flavors, pineapple flavors and the like. These fruit flavors can be derived from natural sources such as fruit juices and flavor oils, or else synthetically prepared.
- As used herein, the term "botanical flavor" refers to flavors derived from parts of a plant other than the fruit. As such, botanical flavors can include those flavors derived from nuts, bark, roots and leaves. Also included within the term "botanical flavor" are synthetically prepared flavors made to simulate botanical flavors derived from natural sources. Examples of such flavors include kola flavors, tea flavors, and the like. These botanical flavors can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils and extracts, or else can be synthetically prepared.
- The flavor component can comprise a blend of various flavors, e.g. lemon and lime flavors, kola flavors with citrus flavors to form cola flavors, etc. If desired, fruit juices such as orange juice, lemon juice, lime juice, apple juice, grape juice and the like can be used in the flavor component. The flavors in the flavor component are sometimes formed into emulsion droplets which are then dispersed in the beverage concentrate. Because these droplets usually have a specific gravity less than that of water and would therefore form a separate phase, weighting agents (which can also act as clouding agents) are typically used to keep the emulsion droplets dispersed in the beverage. Examples of such weighting agents are brominated vegetable oils (BVO) and rosin esters, in particular the ester gums. See L. F. Green, Developments in Soft Drinks Technology, Vol. 1, (Applied Science Publishers Ltd 1978), pp. 87-93 (herein incorporated by reference), for a further description of the use of weighting and clouding agents in liquid beverages. Besides weighting agents, emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers can be used to stabilize the emulsion droplets. Examples of such emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers include the gums, pectins, celluloses, polysorbates, sorbitan esters and propylene glycol alginates. See L. F. Green, supra at p. 92.
- The particular amount of the flavor component effective for imparting flavor characteristics to the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention ("flavor enhancing") can depend upon the flavor(s) selected, the flavor impression desired, and the form of the flavor component. For flavor components which are substantially free of fruit juice, i.e., on a single-strength basis, no more than 1% fruit juice by weight of the beverage, the flavor component can comprise at least 0.05% by weight of the beverage composition, and typically from 0.1 to 0.25% by weight for carbonated beverages. When fruit juices are used, the flavor component can comprise, on a single-strength basis, up to 40% fruit juice by weight of the beverage, preferably from 5 to 20% fruit juice by weight for carbonated beverages.
- Beverages and beverage syrups of the present invention contain a sweetener other than a sugar alcohol. The sweetener typically used is sugar. As used herein, the term "sugar" refers to mono- and di-saccharide sweeteners. Examples of such sugars include sucrose, glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, invert sugar and the like. Preferred sugars are sucrose and high fructose corn syrup. Sugars, especially high fructose corn syrup, have been found to enhance the absorbability/ bioavailability of calcium from beverages of the present invention.
- For diet beverages, noncaloric sweeteners can be used. Examples of such sweeteners include saccharin, cyclamates, acetosulfam, L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine lower alkyl ester sweeteners, L-aspartyl-D-alanine amides disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,411,925 to Brennan et al., issued October 23, 1983 (herein incorporated by reference), L-aspartyl-D-serine amides disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,399,163 to Brennan et al., issued August 16, 1983 (herein incorporated by reference), L-aspartyl-L-1-hydroxy-methylalkaneamide sweeteners disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,338,346 to Brand, issued December 21, 1982 (herein incorporated by reference), L-aspartyl-1-hydroxyethylalkaneamide sweeteners disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,423,029 to Rizzi, issued December 27, 1983 (herein incorporated by reference), and the like. The acid mixtures of the present invention can provide improved hydrolytic stability for beverages containing L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine ester (e.g. aspartame) sweeteners in the critical pH range of from 4.0 to 4.8.
- The amount of the sweetener effective in the beverages of the present invention depends upon the particular sweetener(s) used and the sweetness intensity desired. For noncaloric sweeteners, this amount varies depending upon the sweetness intensity of the particular sweetener. For sugar, this amount can be from 1 to 14% (typically from 6 to 14%) by weight for carbonated beverages. Preferred beverages contain from 9 to 13% by weight sugar. (In determining the amount of sugar for beverages of the present invention, any sugar or other sweetener present in the flavor component, such as in fruit juice, is also included.) Low-calorie sweetener combinations containing a noncaloric sweetener such as aspartame and a sugar such as high fructose corn syrup can also be used in beverages of the present invention. For beverage syrups of the present invention, the amount of sugar is significantly higher. Usually, the amount of sugar in a beverage syrup is from 30 to 70% by weight. Preferably, such beverage syrups contain from 40 to 60% by weight sugar.
- The beverages, beverage concentrates and beverage syrups of the present invention are substantially free of a sugar alcohol, i.e. less than 1% by weight. The sugar alcohols include sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol. Sugar alcohols are sometimes used as sweeteners for food products. However, these sugar alcohols, which are noncaloric, are also metabolized by lower gut flora, causing flatulence and related gastrointestinal (Gl) tract problems such as diarrhea. Accordingly, at the levels required to sweeten beverages, sugar alcohols are not useful in this present invention.
- The pH of the beverages and beverage concentrates of the present invention is dependent upon the weight ratios of the acids, the total amount of acids and the sourness impression desired. Typically, the pH can range from 2.5 to 6.5. Preferred carbonated beverages have a pH of from 3.0 to 4.5.
- Other minor beverage ingredients are frequently included in beverages and concentrates. Such ingredients include preservatives such as benzoic acid and salts thereof, sulfor dioxide, etc. Also, typically included are colors derived either from natural sources or synthetically prepared. See L. F. Green, Developments in Soft Drinks Technology, Vol. 1 (Applied Science Publishers Ltd. 1978), pp. 185-186 (herein incorporated by reference) for preservatives and colors used in beverages.
- The beverages and concentrates of the present invention can be prepared by standard beverage formulation techniques. Although noncarbonated beverages are within the scope of the present invention, particular emphasis is given to the making of carbonated beverages. It should be understood, however, that carbonated beverage making techniques, when appropriately modified, are also applicable to noncarbonated beverages. Also, while the following description is with reference to sugar containing beverages, diet beverages containing noncaloric sweeteners can also be prepared by appropriate modification.
- In making a sugar sweetened carbonated beverage, a beverage concentrate is usually formed containing from 30 to 70% by weight water. This beverage concentrate typically contains the emulsified or water-soluble flavors, emulsion stabilizing agents, and weighting agents if needed, any color desired and suitable preservatives. After the concentrate is formed, sugar and water are then added to make a beverage syrup. This beverage syrup is then mixed with an appropriate quantity of water to form the finished beverage. The weight ratio of water: syrup is from about 3:1 (3X syrup) to about 5:1 (5X syrup). Carbon dioxide can be introduced either into the water mixed with the beverage syrup or into the drinkable beverage to achieve carbonation. The carbonated beverage can then be placed in a container such as a bottle or can and then sealed. See L. F. Green, Developments in Soft Drinks Technology, Vol. 1, (Applied Science Publishers Ltd 1978), pp. 102-107 (herein incorporated by reference), for a further description of beverage making, in particular the process for carbonation.
- The amount of carbon dioxide introduced into the beverage can depend upon the particular flavor system used and the amount of carbonation desired. Usually, carbonated beverages of the present invention contain from 1.0 to 4.5 volumes of carbon dioxide. Preferred carbonated beverages contain from 2 to 3.5 volumes of carbon dioxide.
- The calcium source and the acids (citric, malic, phosphoric) can be added at various points in this beverage concentrate-beverage syrup-carbonated beverage making process. The calcium source and acids are preferably added at the same point in this process, but can also be added at different points. Usually, the calcium source and acids are included during preparation of the beverage concentrate or during preparation of the beverage syrup.
- The following are specific embodiments of beverages, beverage syrups and methods for making same in accordance with the present invention:
- A beverage syrup containing fruit juice was prepared as follows: malic acid (7.38 g.) and citric acid (7.38 g.) were mixed in water (500 g.) until dissolved. Calcium carbonate (7.65 g.) was then added and mixed until dissolved. High fructose corn syrup-55 (356.93 g.) was then added and mixed. Sodium benzoate (1.23 g.) was predissolved in water (80.21 g.) and then added. Finally, apple juice concentrate (79.21 g.) having a solids content of 72.1° Brix was added and mixed.
- This beverage syrup was added to 16 oz. bottles at 200 g./bottle. Carbonated water (4.0 volumes CO₂) was added to each bottle to make 16 oz. (volume basis) of finished carbonated beverage having a carbonation level of about 2.3 volumes CO₂.
-
- This beverage syrup was added to 16 oz. bottles at 200 g./bottle. A lemon/lime flavor (0.474 ml.) was then added to each bottle. Carbonated water (4.68 volumes CO₂) was then added to each bottle to make 16 oz. (volume basis) of finished beverage having a carbonation level of 3.0 volumes CO₂ and a pH of 4.3.
-
- The beverage premix was added to 16 oz. bottles at 200 g./bottle. A lemon/lime flavor (0.474 ml.) was then added to each bottle. Carbonated water (4.68 volumes CO₂) was then added to each bottle to make 16 oz. (volume basis) of finished diet beverage having a carbonation level of 3.0 volumes CO₂ and a pH of 4.3.
-
-
- This beverage syrup was added to 16 oz. bottles at 258 g./bottle. Carbonated water (5.2 volumes CO₂) was then added to each bottle to make 16 oz. (volume basis) of finished beverage having a carbonation level of 2.5 volumes CO₂.
-
- The beverage premix was added to 10 oz. bottles at 123 g./bottle. Berry flavor (2.22 g.) was then added to each bottle. A 10% citric acid solution (1.8 g.), 10% black currant flavor (0.075 ml.) and water (35 g.) were then added to each bottle. Carbonated water ( about 5.2 volumes CO₂) was then added to each bottle to provide 10 oz. (volume basis) of finished diet beverage having a carbonation level of 2.4 volumes CO₂.
-
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86202254T ATE62384T1 (en) | 1985-12-26 | 1986-12-12 | BEVERAGES AND BEVERAGE CONCENTRATES NUTRITIONALLY SUPPLEMENTED WITH CALCIUM. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US813744 | 1985-12-26 | ||
US06/813,744 US4737375A (en) | 1985-12-26 | 1985-12-26 | Beverages and beverage concentrates nutritionally supplemented with calcium |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0227174A2 true EP0227174A2 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
EP0227174A3 EP0227174A3 (en) | 1988-08-24 |
EP0227174B1 EP0227174B1 (en) | 1991-04-10 |
Family
ID=25213261
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86202254A Expired - Lifetime EP0227174B1 (en) | 1985-12-26 | 1986-12-12 | Beverages and beverage concentrates nutritionally supplemented with calcium |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4737375A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0227174B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS63157964A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE62384T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1293641C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3678682D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK174945B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3001753T3 (en) |
IE (1) | IE61364B1 (en) |
MA (1) | MA20841A1 (en) |
PH (1) | PH23963A (en) |
PT (1) | PT83983B (en) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0297680A2 (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1989-01-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Iron mineral supplements |
EP0301653A1 (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Calcium-supplemented beverages and beverage concentrates contaning low levels of sulfate |
EP0350523A1 (en) * | 1988-07-14 | 1990-01-17 | Deutsche Granini GmbH & Co. KG. | Process for the production of a fruit juice drink |
EP0391318A1 (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-10-10 | Nasu, Hisamoto | Ion water for production of foods and beverages |
WO1991001655A1 (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1991-02-21 | Harold Bumann | Process for preparing fruit nectars |
WO1992005711A1 (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1992-04-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tooth enamel erosion inhibitor |
WO1993012672A1 (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-07-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Storage stable calcium-supplemented beverage concentrates |
US5389387A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1995-02-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Storage stable calcium-supplemented beverage concentrates |
US5401524A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-03-28 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Storage stable calcium-supplemented beverage premix concentrates and syrups |
US5445837A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-08-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Sweetener supplement fortified with a concentrated bioavailable calcium source and process of making |
US5468506A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-11-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Concentrated bioavailable calcium source |
WO1997030601A1 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1997-08-28 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Liquid oral compositions comprising a calcium compound and an acidulant |
FR2760639A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-18 | Innothera Lab Sa | MINERALO-VITAMIN THERAPEUTIC ASSOCIATION IN THE FORM OF A UNITABLE ORAL LIQUID PREPARATION |
WO1999008550A1 (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-02-25 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Solid composition for reducing tooth erosion |
WO2002032236A2 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-25 | Pepsico, Inc. | Calcium-supplemented beverages and method of making same |
EP2561878A4 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2016-05-25 | Toyo Suisan Kaisha | Calcium preparation and production method therefor |
US9651541B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2017-05-16 | Ice Medico Ehf | Acidic solid oral compositions without erosive potential in saliva and method for determining erosive potential in saliva |
Families Citing this family (107)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4919963A (en) * | 1986-05-07 | 1990-04-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of preparing fruit juice beverages and juice concentrates nutritionally supplemented with calcium |
US4994283A (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1991-02-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Iron-calcium mineral supplements with enhanced bioavailability |
US5028446A (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1991-07-02 | Kraft General Foods, Inc. | Process for making calcium beverages containing rapidly solubilized calcium fumarate |
US4871554A (en) * | 1987-08-12 | 1989-10-03 | Coca-Cola Company | Calcium fortified food product |
US5225221A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1993-07-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Preparation of calcium-supplemented beverages by dispersing calcium hydroxide in pasteurized juice stream |
US5114723A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1992-05-19 | University Of Texas System Board Of Regents | Beverage compositions for human consumption |
US5032411A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1991-07-16 | University Of Texas System Board Of Regents | Beverage compositions for human consumption |
US5186965A (en) * | 1990-06-14 | 1993-02-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Calcium citrate malate composition |
JPH06502310A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1994-03-17 | ザ、プロクター、エンド、ギャンブル、カンパニー | calcium fortified sauce |
CZ236793A3 (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1994-04-13 | Procter & Gamble | Combined complement containing calcium and vitamin d |
US5417994A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1995-05-23 | Pepsico, Inc. | Microstable, preservative-free beverages and process of making |
US5424082A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1995-06-13 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Calcium and vitamin C containing beverage products with improved color stability |
US5474793A (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1995-12-12 | Meyer; Larry E. | Process for preparing calcium-supplemented not-from-concentrate fruit juice beverages |
US5500232A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1996-03-19 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Calcium fortified beverages |
US5514387A (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1996-05-07 | Nabisco, Inc. | Calcium-enriched baked good production and method of making |
US5648112A (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1997-07-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for preparing chilled beverage products containing milk and a food acid |
US5597595A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1997-01-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Low pH beverage fortified with calcium and vitamin D |
US5698222A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1997-12-16 | Abbott Laboratories | Calcium supplement |
US5609897A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1997-03-11 | Abbott Laboratories | Powdered beverage concentrate or additive fortified with calcium and vitamin D |
US5817351A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1998-10-06 | Abbott Laboratories | Calcium fortified low pH beverage |
US5840354A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 1998-11-24 | General Mills, Inc. | Dried fruit products fortified with calcium and method of preparation |
DE19735385A1 (en) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-02-18 | Wild Gmbh & Co Kg Rudolf | Refreshing acidic, optionally carbonated milky beverage with pleasant feel in mouth |
US6713116B1 (en) | 1998-03-26 | 2004-03-30 | Nutrinova Inc. | Sweet-stable acidified beverages |
US6086927A (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-07-11 | Pasco Beverage Co. | Process for preparing calcium enriched food products and the products therefrom |
GB9819530D0 (en) | 1998-09-09 | 1998-10-28 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Novel compositions and use |
US6811800B2 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2004-11-02 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Calcium fortified beverages |
US6077557A (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-20 | General Mills, Inc. | Gel products fortified with calcium and method of preparation |
US6444252B1 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2002-09-03 | General Mills, Inc. | Methods of preparation of gel products fortified with calcium |
US6403129B1 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2002-06-11 | Mac Farms, Inc. | Carbonated fortified milk-based beverage and method of making carbonated fortified milk-based beverage for the supplementation of essential nutrients in the human diet |
US6866877B2 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2005-03-15 | Mac Farms, Inc. | Carbonated fortified milk-based beverage and method for suppressing bacterial growth in the beverage |
US6235322B1 (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2001-05-22 | Mintech, Inc. | Highly soluble and stable mineral supplements containing calcium and magnesium |
EP1194372A1 (en) | 1999-06-28 | 2002-04-10 | Astaris Llc | High potassium polyphosphate and method for its preparation |
US6436446B1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2002-08-20 | Pharmavite Llc | Composition for increasing bone density |
US6582722B1 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2003-06-24 | Mac Farms, Inc. | Amino acid chelate for the effective supplementation of calcium, magnesium and potassium in the human diet |
US6660322B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2003-12-09 | Loretta Zapp | Method for enhancing post-processing content of beneficial compounds in foodstuffs made with cocoa beans |
US7713566B2 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2010-05-11 | Zapp Loretta M | Method for enhancing post-processing content of beneficial compounds in beverages |
US6669979B1 (en) | 2000-01-11 | 2003-12-30 | Jifu Zhao | Method for promoting extraction of beneficial compounds into beverages naturally containing same, and for extending the duration of freshness of coffee |
US6723368B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2004-04-20 | Loretta M. Zapp | Method for enhancing post-processing content of beneficial compounds in beverages naturally containing same |
US6599544B2 (en) * | 2000-01-26 | 2003-07-29 | American Micronutrients, Inc. | Calcium enrichment composition and method for producing the same |
CA2395447A1 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-02 | Robert Joseph Sarama | Palatable arginine compounds and uses thereof for cardiovascular health |
US6803064B1 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2004-10-12 | Pepsico, Inc. | Calcium fortified beverage compositions and process for preparing the same |
US6458405B1 (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2002-10-01 | General Mills, Inc. | Gel products with carrageenan |
US6596334B1 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2003-07-22 | General Mills, Inc. | Gel products forming system and methods of preparation |
US6632449B2 (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2003-10-14 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Compositions and kits comprising a defined boron compound and methods of their preparation |
US20040062845A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2004-04-01 | Krawczyk Gregory R. | Beverage emulsion stabilizer |
US8263150B2 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2012-09-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Beverage compositions having low levels of preservative with enhanced microbial stability |
US20030203097A1 (en) * | 2002-04-24 | 2003-10-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Acidic compositions comprising protein and fiber and processes of their preparation |
US20030203042A1 (en) * | 2002-04-24 | 2003-10-30 | Cook Lisa Ann | Compositions comprising milk protein concentrate and fatty acid and processes of their preparation |
US7393552B2 (en) * | 2002-04-24 | 2008-07-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions comprising protein and fatty acid |
US20030211204A1 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-13 | Fields Christine C. | Method of preparing beverages and beverage concentrates nutritionally supplemented with minerals |
US6833146B2 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2004-12-21 | Unilab Pharmatech, Ltd. | Powered beverage mix with rapidly dissolving calcium |
US20030045473A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2003-03-06 | Sarama Robert Joseph | Compositions, kits, and methods for cardiovascular health |
DE60308874T2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2007-05-24 | Pepsico Inc. | METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE STABILITY OF LEMON OR LEMONAROMATED BEVERAGES |
US20040048925A1 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-03-11 | Wiley David B. | Composition and method for enhancing the bioavailability of calcium and magnesium in dietary supplements and food additives |
US20040106678A1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-06-03 | Dobbins Thomas A | Compositions for the parenteral administration of calcium and magnesium |
US7138151B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2006-11-21 | Unilab Pharmatech, Ltd. | Calcium-fortified acidic beverages |
US20040170724A1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-09-02 | Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. | Mineral complexes of lactobionic acid and method of using for mineral fortification of food products |
US20050013903A1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-01-20 | Myers Nadeen B. | Compositions and methods of addition for calcium supplementation in transparent beverages using tricalcium phosphate |
US7175867B2 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2007-02-13 | Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. | Metastable mineral-amino acid preparations for food and beverage fortification |
US20050100636A1 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2005-05-12 | Megan Botteri | [A Low-Calorie Sports Drink For Physically Active Women That is Fortified with Iron, Calcium and Essential Vitamins for Use in Rehydration and Replacing Electrolytes Lost During Periods of Physical Activity] |
WO2005048742A1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-06-02 | Eastman Chemical Company | Sucrose acetate isobutyrate formulation |
US20050106304A1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-05-19 | Cook Phillip M. | Sucrose acetate isobutyrate formulation |
EP1711072B1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2011-10-05 | Dr. Paul Lohmann GmbH KG | Method for the production of a calcium lactate malate compound and calcium lactate malate compound |
US7267832B2 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2007-09-11 | Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. | Amorphous water-soluble calcium citrate salts and method of making and using same |
US20050196497A1 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-09-08 | Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. | Antimicrobial effect of chitosan in beverages |
US20050233050A1 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-10-20 | Fang Chen | Healthy Carbonated Beverages/Soda |
US7323201B2 (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2008-01-29 | Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas, Inc. | Highly soluble form of tricalcium citrate, and methods of its making and use |
US20060073237A1 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-04-06 | Cargill, Inc. | Calcium supplementation of foodstuffs |
EP1879471B1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2014-12-31 | Bio-Soluble Solutions JV, LLC | Flavoring composition concentrates |
US20070003670A1 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-04 | Rod Jendrysik | Sports drink acid blend to reduce or eliminate aftertaste |
JP4827494B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2011-11-30 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | Alcoholic beverage with refreshing refreshing feeling |
US8956677B2 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2015-02-17 | The Coca-Cola Company | High-potency sweetener composition with glucosamine and compositions sweetened therewith |
US9101160B2 (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2015-08-11 | The Coca-Cola Company | Condiments with high-potency sweetener |
US8993027B2 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2015-03-31 | The Coca-Cola Company | Natural high-potency tabletop sweetener compositions with improved temporal and/or flavor profile, methods for their formulation, and uses |
US9144251B2 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2015-09-29 | The Coca-Cola Company | High-potency sweetener composition with mineral and compositions sweetened therewith |
US20070116825A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-24 | The Coca-Cola Company | Confection with High-Potency Sweetener |
US20070116836A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-24 | The Coca-Cola Company | High-Potency Sweetener Composition for Treatment and/or Prevention of Osteoporosis and Compositions Sweetened Therewith |
AP2008004494A0 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2008-06-30 | Coca Cola Co | Synthetic sweetener compositions with improved temporal profile and/or flavour profile, methods for their formulations, ans uses |
US20070134391A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-06-14 | The Coca-Cola Company | High-Potency Sweetener Composition for Treatment and/or Prevention of Autoimmune Disorders and Compositions Sweetened Therewith |
US20070116831A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-24 | The Coca-Cola Company | Dental Composition with High-Potency Sweetener |
US20070116822A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-24 | The Coca-Cola Company | High-potency sweetener composition with saponin and compositions sweetened therewith |
US8956678B2 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2015-02-17 | The Coca-Cola Company | High-potency sweetener composition with preservative and compositions sweetened therewith |
AU2007217851A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-30 | Nutrijoy, Inc. | Food and beverage products with improved taste impressions |
IL174477A (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2011-03-31 | Gadot Biochemical Ind Ltd | Calcium enrichment compositions and methods of production thereof |
CN100482106C (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2009-04-29 | 哈尔滨三乐生物工程有限公司 | Active peptide fruity beer and its preparing method |
US20080081088A1 (en) * | 2006-09-30 | 2008-04-03 | Lederman Steven N | Phosphoric acid beverages with calcium to phosphorus ratios of 1:1 or greater and methods of making |
US9101161B2 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2015-08-11 | The Coca-Cola Company | High-potency sweetener composition with phytoestrogen and compositions sweetened therewith |
US8017168B2 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2011-09-13 | The Coca-Cola Company | High-potency sweetener composition with rubisco protein, rubiscolin, rubiscolin derivatives, ace inhibitory peptides, and combinations thereof, and compositions sweetened therewith |
US20080107787A1 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-08 | The Coca-Cola Company | Anti-Diabetic Composition with High-Potency Sweetener |
JP5324047B2 (en) * | 2007-02-10 | 2013-10-23 | 株式会社ファンケル | Plant-derived soluble calcium component and process for producing the same |
US20090162490A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-25 | Tropicana Products, Inc. | Calcium-fortified beverages and method of making thereof |
JP5096934B2 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2012-12-12 | キリンビバレッジ株式会社 | Method for preventing flavor deterioration of fruitless carbonated beverages |
US8067321B2 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2011-11-29 | Icl Performance Products, Lp | Sodium-potassium hexametaphosphate and potassium metaphosphate with a low insolubles content |
RU2011109104A (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2012-10-20 | Дзе Кока-Кола Компани (US) | LOWERED CALORIC DRINKS CONTAINING A FOOD SWEET |
JP2010200706A (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-16 | Shiraishi Kogyo Kaisha Ltd | Method for producing calcium-enriched carbonated beverage |
US8293299B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2012-10-23 | Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc | Containers and methods for dispensing multiple doses of a concentrated liquid, and shelf stable Concentrated liquids |
US20110135791A1 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-09 | The Coca-Cola Company | Concentrate composition for providing edible calcium-fortified products using stabilized buffering protein component |
JP5746476B2 (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2015-07-08 | サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社 | Container-packed fruit juice beverage and method for producing the same |
US20110268847A1 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-03 | The Coca-Cola Company | Low juice concentrate composition for providing edible calcium-fortified products using stabilized emulsified cloud |
EP2404508A1 (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-11 | LoHaS Products GmbH | Method for producing a liquid with reduced saccharide content |
CN103249319A (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2013-08-14 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | Phytase in ready-o-drink soft drinks |
US20130189399A1 (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2013-07-25 | Karl Ragnarsson | Beverage Concentrates With Increased Viscosity And Shelf Life And Methods Of Making The Same |
MX351209B (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2017-10-05 | Kraft Foods Group Brands Llc | Shelf stable, low water liquid beverage concentrates and methods of making the same. |
WO2013109516A1 (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-07-25 | Otc Nutrition Llc | Edible nutritional compositions/products fortified with iron (ii) mineral sources |
US11013248B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2021-05-25 | Kraft Foods Group Brands Llc | Shelf stable, concentrated, liquid flavorings and methods of preparing beverages with the concentrated liquid flavorings |
CH710361B1 (en) | 2014-11-12 | 2018-12-28 | Laboratoires Biofar Sarl | Sodium-ion-free effervescent tablet or effervescent powder with high calcium ion content (CaCO3). |
CN110944519A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-03-31 | 雀巢产品有限公司 | Beverage and its preparing process |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS548767A (en) * | 1977-06-15 | 1979-01-23 | Hisaharu Kaji | Calcium enriched soft drink |
JPS5697248A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1981-08-05 | Tanaka Shiro | Conjugated compound of calcium citrate and calcium malate and its preparation |
EP0117653A1 (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1984-09-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Beverages containing specific cation-edible acid mixtures for improved flavor impression |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2325360A (en) * | 1941-02-06 | 1943-07-27 | Crown Can Company | Method of treating juices and product |
US2868646A (en) * | 1953-07-24 | 1959-01-13 | Shasta Water Company | Effervescent drink concentrate and method of making same |
US2851360A (en) * | 1954-07-12 | 1958-09-09 | Henry Brout | Carbonated soft drink and concentrate for producing same |
US3114641A (en) * | 1957-03-25 | 1963-12-17 | Inst Divi Thomae Foundation | Citrus juice product |
US2985562A (en) * | 1958-03-27 | 1961-05-23 | Warner Lambert Pharmaceutical | Effervescent compositions |
US3657424A (en) * | 1970-04-01 | 1972-04-18 | Florida State | Full-flavored citrus juice energy supplement |
FR2219778A1 (en) * | 1973-03-02 | 1974-09-27 | Monteau Guy | Compsns. contg. easily assimilable calcium - contg. neutral calcium citrate and malate, sugars etc. |
US3965273A (en) * | 1973-04-02 | 1976-06-22 | General Foods Corporation | Dry carbonation source and method for preparing the same, and dry carbonated beverage concentrate |
US3939289A (en) * | 1973-04-02 | 1976-02-17 | General Foods Corporation | Dry carbonation source for a beverage concentrate and method of preparing the same |
US4001448A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1977-01-04 | General Foods Corporation | Beverage mix and method of manufacturing same |
US3968263A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1976-07-06 | General Foods Corporation | Beverage mix and method |
US4127645A (en) * | 1976-05-21 | 1978-11-28 | Life Savers, Inc. | Effervescent tablet and method |
CH648729A5 (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1985-04-15 | Nestle Sa | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AN ACID BEVERAGE ENRICHED IN PROTEINS. |
JPS5842754A (en) * | 1981-09-04 | 1983-03-12 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Spring steel with superior heat resistance |
DE3137440A1 (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-03-31 | Eckes, Peter, 6501 Nieder-Olm | PROTECTIVE CONDITION DRINK |
JPS58128110A (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1983-07-30 | Toyo Sanso Kagaku Kk | Production of potable water containing calcium ion |
US4448770A (en) * | 1982-03-17 | 1984-05-15 | Electroade, Inc. | Dietetic beverage |
JPS593710A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-01-10 | Hitachi Ltd | Fm modulation magnetic recording and reproducing device for multichannel sound signal |
JPS59187768A (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1984-10-24 | ザ,プロクタ−,エンド,ギヤンブル,カンパニ− | Bevarage containing specific cation-edible acid mixture for improved flavor impression |
US4772467A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1988-09-20 | Board Of Regents, U T Systems | Osteoporosis inhibition by dietary calcium supplementation |
JPS62501843A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1987-07-23 | ボ−ド・オブ・リ−ジェンツ・ザ・ユニバ−シティ−・オブ・テキサス・システム | Suppression of osteoporosis by dietary calcium supplementation |
-
1985
- 1985-12-26 US US06/813,744 patent/US4737375A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-12-12 EP EP86202254A patent/EP0227174B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-12 AT AT86202254T patent/ATE62384T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-12 DE DE8686202254T patent/DE3678682D1/en not_active Revoked
- 1986-12-18 CA CA000525759A patent/CA1293641C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-19 PT PT83983A patent/PT83983B/en unknown
- 1986-12-22 PH PH34641A patent/PH23963A/en unknown
- 1986-12-23 MA MA21074A patent/MA20841A1/en unknown
- 1986-12-23 DK DK198606279A patent/DK174945B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-23 IE IE339286A patent/IE61364B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-26 JP JP61316062A patent/JPS63157964A/en active Granted
-
1991
- 1991-04-11 GR GR90401066T patent/GR3001753T3/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS548767A (en) * | 1977-06-15 | 1979-01-23 | Hisaharu Kaji | Calcium enriched soft drink |
JPS5697248A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1981-08-05 | Tanaka Shiro | Conjugated compound of calcium citrate and calcium malate and its preparation |
EP0117653A1 (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1984-09-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Beverages containing specific cation-edible acid mixtures for improved flavor impression |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 90, no. 23, 4th June 1979, page 521, abstract no. 185216z, Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-54 008 767 (H. KAJI et al.) 23-01-1979 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 5, no. 168 (C-77)[840], 27th October 1981; & JP-A-56 097 248 (SHIROU TANAKA) 05-08-1981 * |
Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0297680A2 (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1989-01-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Iron mineral supplements |
EP0297680A3 (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1991-01-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Iron mineral supplements |
EP0301653A1 (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Calcium-supplemented beverages and beverage concentrates contaning low levels of sulfate |
EP0350523A1 (en) * | 1988-07-14 | 1990-01-17 | Deutsche Granini GmbH & Co. KG. | Process for the production of a fruit juice drink |
EP0391318A1 (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-10-10 | Nasu, Hisamoto | Ion water for production of foods and beverages |
WO1991001655A1 (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1991-02-21 | Harold Bumann | Process for preparing fruit nectars |
WO1992005711A1 (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1992-04-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tooth enamel erosion inhibitor |
WO1993012672A1 (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-07-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Storage stable calcium-supplemented beverage concentrates |
US5389387A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1995-02-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Storage stable calcium-supplemented beverage concentrates |
US5401524A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-03-28 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Storage stable calcium-supplemented beverage premix concentrates and syrups |
US5445837A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-08-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Sweetener supplement fortified with a concentrated bioavailable calcium source and process of making |
US5468506A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-11-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Concentrated bioavailable calcium source |
EP1382263A2 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 2004-01-21 | SmithKline Beecham plc | Use of calcium in acidic oral compositions for the reduction of tooth erosion caused by acid |
AP1184A (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 2003-07-03 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Liquid oral compositions comprising a calcium compound and acidulant. |
CZ297770B6 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 2007-03-28 | Smithkline Beecham P. L. C. | Liquid oral composition containing calcium compound and acidic component |
GB2326596A (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1998-12-30 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Liquid oral compositions comprising a calcium compound and an acidulant |
US6908909B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2005-06-21 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Liquid oral compositions comprising a calcium compound and an acidulant |
GB2326596B (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1999-12-08 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Liquid oral compositions comprising a calcium compound and an acidulant |
US6319490B1 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2001-11-20 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Liquid oral compositions comprising a calcium compound and an acidulant |
KR100301344B1 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 2001-12-17 | 피터 기딩스 | Oral liquid compositions containing calcium compounds and acidulants, methods for their preparation, and uses thereof |
US6719963B2 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2004-04-13 | Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. | Liquid oral compositions comprising a calcium compound and an acidulant |
EP1382263A3 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 2004-03-17 | SmithKline Beecham plc | Use of calcium in acidic oral compositions for the reduction of tooth erosion caused by acid |
WO1997030601A1 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1997-08-28 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Liquid oral compositions comprising a calcium compound and an acidulant |
FR2760639A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-18 | Innothera Lab Sa | MINERALO-VITAMIN THERAPEUTIC ASSOCIATION IN THE FORM OF A UNITABLE ORAL LIQUID PREPARATION |
WO1998041217A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-24 | Laboratoire Innothera, Societe Anonyme | Therapeutic combination of mineral and vitamin in units of liquid preparation for oral administration |
US6383473B1 (en) | 1997-08-19 | 2002-05-07 | Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. | Solid composition for reducing tooth erosion |
WO1999008550A1 (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-02-25 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Solid composition for reducing tooth erosion |
CZ299644B6 (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 2008-10-01 | Smithkline Beecham P. L. C. | Solid or semi-solid oral composition for reducing tooth erosion |
WO2002032236A3 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-10-17 | Pepsico Inc | Calcium-supplemented beverages and method of making same |
WO2002032236A2 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-25 | Pepsico, Inc. | Calcium-supplemented beverages and method of making same |
US7052725B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2006-05-30 | Pepsico, Inc. | Calcium-supplemented beverages and method of making same |
EP1900295A3 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2012-01-04 | PepsiCo, Inc. | Calcium-supplemented beverages and method of making same |
US9651541B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2017-05-16 | Ice Medico Ehf | Acidic solid oral compositions without erosive potential in saliva and method for determining erosive potential in saliva |
US10660832B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2020-05-26 | Ice Medico Ehf | Acidic solid oral compositions without erosive potential in saliva and method for determining erosive potential in saliva |
EP2561878A4 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2016-05-25 | Toyo Suisan Kaisha | Calcium preparation and production method therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS63157964A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
ATE62384T1 (en) | 1991-04-15 |
JPH0536020B2 (en) | 1993-05-28 |
DK174945B1 (en) | 2004-03-15 |
GR3001753T3 (en) | 1992-11-23 |
EP0227174B1 (en) | 1991-04-10 |
IE61364B1 (en) | 1994-11-02 |
US4737375A (en) | 1988-04-12 |
PT83983B (en) | 1989-01-17 |
PH23963A (en) | 1990-01-23 |
DK627986D0 (en) | 1986-12-23 |
CA1293641C (en) | 1991-12-31 |
IE863392L (en) | 1987-06-26 |
DK627986A (en) | 1987-06-27 |
PT83983A (en) | 1987-01-01 |
DE3678682D1 (en) | 1991-05-16 |
EP0227174A3 (en) | 1988-08-24 |
MA20841A1 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0227174B1 (en) | Beverages and beverage concentrates nutritionally supplemented with calcium | |
EP0117653B1 (en) | Beverages containing specific cation-edible acid mixtures for improved flavor impression | |
US4830862A (en) | Calcium-supplemented beverages and beverage concentrates containing low levels of sulfate | |
JP2559732B2 (en) | Calcium-nourished fruit juice drinks and juice concentrates | |
US5902628A (en) | Beverage with reduction of lingering sweet aftertaste of sucralose | |
US4919963A (en) | Method of preparing fruit juice beverages and juice concentrates nutritionally supplemented with calcium | |
WO1994006412A1 (en) | Sports drink without added sugar or artificial sweetener | |
GB2207335A (en) | Calcium-supplemented beverages and beverage concentrates containing low levels of chloride | |
EP0974272A1 (en) | Sweetener composition improved in taste | |
WO1998032344A1 (en) | CALCIUM FORTIFIED LOW pH BEVERAGE | |
US6245373B1 (en) | Acidified fruit and iced tea beverages incorporating high intensity sweetener blends | |
JPH0223154B2 (en) | ||
GB2196523A (en) | Non-fat beverage | |
EP0624063A1 (en) | Hunger suppressing foodstuff and method | |
AU604144B2 (en) | Sprinkling device | |
JPS61135574A (en) | Beverage for rapid replenishment of moisture |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB GR IT LI NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB GR IT LI NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19890213 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19900605 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB GR IT LI NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 62384 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19910415 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: ING. C. GREGORJ S.P.A. |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3678682 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19910516 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: DEUTSCHE GRANINI Effective date: 19920110 Opponent name: PETER ECKES AG Effective date: 19920107 |
|
NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: DEUTSCHE GRANINI. Opponent name: PETER ECKES AG. |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: FG4A Free format text: 3001753 |
|
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 86202254.8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19961203 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19961211 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19961212 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19961218 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19961219 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19961223 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19961231 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19970214 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
APAC | Appeal dossier modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO |
|
RDAH | Patent revoked |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REVO |
|
RDAG | Patent revoked |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009271 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT REVOKED |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPR | Gb: patent revoked under art. 102 of the ep convention designating the uk as contracting state |
Free format text: 970128 |
|
27W | Patent revoked |
Effective date: 19970128 |
|
NLR2 | Nl: decision of opposition | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Payment date: 19971219 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
APAH | Appeal reference modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |