EP0226626A1

EP0226626A1 - Electric pump

Info

Publication number: EP0226626A1
Application number: EP19860904085
Authority: EP
Inventors: Heinz Turbanisch
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1985-06-29
Filing date: 1986-06-30
Publication date: 1987-07-01
Also published as: WO1987000362A1

Abstract

Une pompe, notamment pour aquariums, est pourvue d'un moteur électrique, d'un gyrostat mû par le moteur électrique, d'une tubulure d'admission d'eau et d'une tubulure d'évacuation d'eau connectées au gyrostat. Le moteur électrique présente un aimant (4) diamétralement polarisé et des enroulements (W1, W2, W3) opposés à l'aimant, agencés à la même distance angulaire. Chaque enroulement est connecté via un amplificateur (V/61, V2, V3) correspondant à une source de basse tension de courant continu. L'entrée de chaque amplificateur est connectée via un premier déphaseur (O/32, O/21, O/13) à la sortie de l'amplificateur suivant et via un deuxième déphaseur (O/12, O/23, O/31) à la sortie de l'amplificateur précédent. Cette pompe peut être actionnée par une tension continue de 12 V et présente une grande longévité.A pump, in particular for aquariums, is provided with an electric motor, a gyrostat driven by the electric motor, a water intake manifold and a water evacuation manifold connected to the gyrostat. The electric motor has a diametrically polarized magnet (4) and windings (W1, W2, W3) opposite the magnet, arranged at the same angular distance. Each winding is connected via an amplifier (V / 61, V2, V3) corresponding to a low voltage source of direct current. The input of each amplifier is connected via a first phase shifter (O / 32, O / 21, O / 13) to the output of the next amplifier and via a second phase shifter (O / 12, O / 23, O / 31 ) at the output of the previous amplifier. This pump can be operated by a direct voltage of 12 V and has a long service life.

Description

ELECTRIC PUMP

Technical field

The invention relates to an electric pump, which is particularly suitable for aquariums.

State of the art

Aquarium pumps are available in various designs with 220 V alternating voltage, designed as submersible or surface water pumps. Most of these models are equipped with a split motor. The disadvantage is evident in loud fan noises, since this type of drive must always be air-cooled. The efficiency of such a motor is around 30%.

Newer pumps have a permanent magnet, which is also driven with 220 V alternating voltage. This results in a certain smoothness, but the use of 220 V AC voltage in and around the aquarium is problematic.

DC motors are for continuous operation as a result of Short life of the collector and the collector brushes not suitable.

In addition, e.g. In the case of the split motor, due to the required lubrication of the bearing and the fan blade, form an oil film on the water surface, which hinders the oxygen exchange.

The invention has for its object to propose a pump that can be operated with a low voltage and has a long service life in continuous operation.

Presentation of the invention

The invention proposes a pump which is equipped with an electric motor, a gyro driven by the electric motor and with a water inlet and a water outlet which are connected to the gyroscope and which is characterized in that the electric motor has a diametrically polarized magnet and the magnet Has opposite windings arranged at the same angle, that each winding is connected via an assigned amplifier to a low-voltage source that supplies a direct current, and that each amplifier input is connected to the amplifier output of the subsequent amplifier via a first phase shifter and to the amplifier output of the previous amplifier via a second phase shifter is.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.

The pump according to the invention can be operated with a low voltage, for example with 12 V DC voltage, and is suitable for continuous operation with a high level of smoothness.

As a battery can be buffered in the event of a power failure and automatically takes over the power supply for a few hours, the fish population in salt and fresh water will surely survive. According to the latest findings, a power failure and the associated lack of water circulation lead to the death of the fish population within an hour. This is particularly true when sea water has been heated to 30 ° C and the supply of oxygen via the surface is reduced or prevented.

The use of the pump according to the invention in or on the water is unproblematic, since 12 V direct voltage in connection with a short-circuit proof power supply is absolutely harmless.

Furthermore, the power consumption can be kept low due to an efficiency of 80% for 12 V devices.

Since there are no moving parts, all parts are made of plastic and even the windings are cast in resin, corrosion is completely impossible. The speed can be set via a voltage control. This allows the pump to be adapted to any pool size.

Brief description of the drawings

Show it:

Fig. 1 the. Structure of a first embodiment of the pump according to the invention in longitudinal section; 2 shows a cross section along line II-II in Fig. 1. Figure 3 shows the structure of a second embodiment of the pump according to the invention in longitudinal section. Fig. 4, the control circuit according to the invention in

Block diagram; FIG. 5 shows the control circuit according to FIG. 6 in detail; Fig. 6 shows a variant of the arrangement of the water outlet and Fig. 7 shows a further variant of the arrangement of the

Was.serausl asses.

Best way to carry out the invention

1 shows a first embodiment of the pump according to the invention. The main housing 1 is cup-shaped and double-walled. In the cavity of the cup-shaped housing 1, a diametrically polarized, cylindrical magnet 4 is accommodated, which is attached on the one hand by means of a first bearing 2 attached to the housing base and on the other hand by means of a second bearing 8 which is attached to a gyro housing 12 covering the cavity of the cup-shaped main housing , rotatably attached. Between the cylindrical magnet 4 and the cavity and between the main housing and the Krei be housing 12, a gap is provided which allows water to flow through for cooling purposes. The long side of the magnet 4 opposite windings 3 are provided, which are received in the double-walled housing 1 completed. The windings 3 arranged around the cylindrical magnet have essentially the same angular distance from one another, their flat iron cores extending over the entire length of the cylindrical magnet. In the present embodiment, three windings with an angle of 120 ° are provided (see FIG. 2). However, 6 or 12 windings can also be accommodated in the main housing 1 to increase the torque. The entire windings 3 are preferably surrounded by an annular core sheet 5, which significantly improves the magnetic flux under loads.

The windings 3 are cast in resin 10. The gyroscope housing 12 includes a gyroscope 6, which is attached to the shaft 13 of the cylindrical magnet 4 and thus rotates with the magnet 4. A water intake socket 9 and a water outlet socket 7 are also formed on the gyro housing 12.

On the outer bottom wall la of the main housing 1 there is a bushing 15 for a cable 14, which is used to connect the windings 3 to the control circuit described later. However, this control circuit can also be integrated in the main housing 1 above the windings 3 and cast in resin 10.

3 shows a further embodiment of the pump according to the invention. This embodiment differs essentially from the previous one in that the magnet 4 'is disc-shaped and that one of the end faces of the magnet 4' is opposite the windings 3. The housing part which has the windings 3 is encapsulated in plastic in a watertight manner.

4 shows the schematic structure of the pump motor with the associated control circuit. The collectorless DC motor has in the stator, for example, the three windings 3 mentioned above (hereinafter referred to as W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ ), which are distributed around the circumference of the pump in a manner corresponding to a three-phase winding, each offset by 120 ° and operated in a star connection become.

The rotor consists of the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 or 4 ', which is magnetized diametrically with two poles and whose magnetic flux passes through the windings in the radial direction. Each winding W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ is connected to the direct current source via an associated amplifier V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ . Each amplifier input is connected to the amplifier output via a first phase shifter Φ _32, Φ _{2 1,} Φ ₁₃ subsequent stage and connected via a second phase shifter Φ _12, Φ _23, Φ ₃₁ to the amplifier output of the previous stage. The circuit thus represents a three-stage Mul ti vibrator, the frequency of which is determined by the phase shifter. By appropriate

Design of the circuit ensures that only one stage is switched on and the rotating field generated in the motor always rotates in the predetermined direction.

When the current is switched on, some amplifier stage first switches on the associated winding. At this time, the rotor has an arbitrary angular position and is aligned by the switched-on winding in the shortest way, with or against the intended direction of rotation. In the following tilting operations, the armature is pulled synchronously in the predetermined direction with the rotating field, as is the case, for example, with a stepper motor.

The rotor induces one in the winding corresponding to the angular position by the rotational steps or angular momentum

Voltage pulse that is supplied to both the preceding and the following amplifier stage. The phase shifters are dimensioned such that the following stage is switched on first and the previous stage is blocked by the following stage via the respective phase shifter. This process is repeated 3 times per full armature revolution, so that the armature is exposed to a constant torque and starts up in a known manner.

Figure 5 shows the detailed of Figure 4

Wiring diagram. The power transistors T ₄ , T ₅ , T ₆ together with their pre-transistors T ₁ , T ₂ and T _{3 form} the amplifiers assigned to the windings W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ . The first phase shifter group is through the RC elements R ₇ , C ₄ ; R ₈ , C ₅ ; R ₉ , C ₆ shown, the second phase shifter group by the RC elements R ₄ , C ₄ ; R ₅ , C ₅ . , C ₆ ; etc. In Fig. 5, a relay 50 is also provided, which is used to switch the direction of rotation of the motor. The changeover is only achieved by swapping W ₁ and W ₂ , for example; ie two of the three windings are separated and interchanged. The motor then stops briefly depending on the load and, as described in connection with Fig. 4, begins to rotate in the opposite direction by rotating the phase by 360 °.

In FIG. 6, the pump 2 has water outlet connections 7 lying on the same axis, which discharge the water in opposite directions. This configuration of the water outlet connection and the possibility of switching the direction of rotation of the gyro can cause a sea surf or

Flow change effect can be achieved, which is indispensable especially in low sea water animals. It is also possible that the first water outlet connection is used as a flow and the second is operated as a skimmer. At the same time, the water intake socket is equipped with a filter and takes over the water cleaning.

7 shows an embodiment similar to FIG. 6, in which the water outlet connections are arranged at right angles to one another. When the direction of rotation of the gyro changes, the water flow is directed accordingly in a fixed direction.

Claims

1.Pump, in particular for aquariums, with an electric motor, a gyro driven by the electric motor as well as a water inlet connection and a water outlet connection, which are connected to the gyro, so that the electric motor has a diametrically polarized polarity

Magnets (4, 4 ') and windings arranged opposite to the magnet at the same angular distance (W ₁ , W ₂ ,

W ₃ )

- That each winding (W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ ) is connected via an assigned amplifier (V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ ) to a low-voltage source that emits a direct current and

- That each amplifier input is connected via a first phase shifter (Φ ₃₂ , Φ ₂₁ , Φ ₁₃ ) with the amplifier output of the subsequent amplifier and via a second phase shifter (Φ ₁₂ , Φ ₂₃ , Φ ₃₁ ) to the amplifier output of the previous amplifier.

2. Pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnet (4) is cylindrical and that the windings (W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ ) are opposite to the long side of the magnet.

3. Pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnet (4 ') is disc-shaped and that the windings (W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ ) of the end face of Magnets (4 ') are opposite.

4. Pump according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a relay (50) for interchanging the connections of the windings (W ₁ , W ₂ ,) is provided for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor.

5. Pump according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that two water outlet connections 7 are provided which emit the water in certain directions.

6. Pump according to claim 5, characterized in that the water outlet connection (7) lie on the same axis.

7. Pump according to claim 5, characterized in that the water outlet connection (7) form a right angle.

8. Electric pump drive, characterized by an electric motor which has a diametrically polarized magnet (4, 4 ') and the magnet opposite opposite at the same angle spaced windings (W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ ), each winding via an associated amplifier (V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ ) is connected to a low-voltage source supplying a direct current and that each amplifier input is connected via a first phase shifter

(Φ ₃₂ , Φ ₂₁ , Φ ₁₃ ) with the amplifier output of the following amplifier and via a second one

Phase shifter (Φ ₁₂ , Φ ₂₃ , Φ ₃₁ ) is connected to the amplifier output of the previous amplifier.

9. Electric pump drive according to claim 8, characterized in that the magnet (4) is cylindrical and that the windings (W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ ) of Opposite the long side of the magnet.

10. Electric shear pump drive according to claim 8, characterized in that the magnet (4 ') is disc-shaped and that the windings (W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ ) of the end face of the magnet (4') are opposite.

11. Electric pump drive according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a relay (50) for interchanging the connections of the windings (W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ ) is provided for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor.