EP0226502B1 - Automatische Kugelstrahlanlage zur Erzeugung von Kompressionsvorspannungen - Google Patents

Automatische Kugelstrahlanlage zur Erzeugung von Kompressionsvorspannungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0226502B1
EP0226502B1 EP19860402598 EP86402598A EP0226502B1 EP 0226502 B1 EP0226502 B1 EP 0226502B1 EP 19860402598 EP19860402598 EP 19860402598 EP 86402598 A EP86402598 A EP 86402598A EP 0226502 B1 EP0226502 B1 EP 0226502B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shot
piece
test
projectiles
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860402598
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0226502A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Bon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group SAS filed Critical Airbus Group SAS
Publication of EP0226502A1 publication Critical patent/EP0226502A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic shot peening installation intended to generate surface compression preloads on parts, in particular of large dimensions, subjected locally to high forces during their use. Although not exclusively, it is particularly suitable for handling the structural elements of an aircraft.
  • shot peening it is known that the object of a shot peening operation creating superficial compression preloads is to improve the resistance to fatigue, corrosion and friction, that is to say to increase the general resistance, parts of a part subjected to such shot peening. Also, for example, the parts of an aircraft structural part subjected to significant stresses during the use of this aircraft, are they subjected to this shot peening, hereinafter referred to as shot peening.
  • the shot peening of prestressing is carried out manually by an operator, in a sealed enclosure, said operator moving by hand such a shot blasting nozzle opposite said localized areas of the parts to be reinforced.
  • this operator performs from time to time in addition to the shot peening of the parts to be treated, that of standardized thin test pieces, capable of bending under the effect of the surface stresses which are generated on the blasted side of the test pieces.
  • the resulting deflection of the test pieces constitutes one of the criteria for assessing the characteristics of the blasting jet.
  • Such a manual process has many disadvantages.
  • said operator must be enclosed in the sealed blasting chamber and his working conditions are particularly difficult, although he is physically protected by a ventilated suit.
  • the manual shot peening of the test pieces does not necessarily take place under absolutely identical conditions to those of shot peening of the parts (for example as regards the distance from the nozzle, the distance traveled by the nozzle, the incidence of the jet, etc.) so that the deflection of the test pieces is not one. exact measurement of shot blasting quality. At most, these test pieces make it possible to control the characteristics of the jet of shot-blasting projectiles, but not the effect that this jet has on shot-blasted parts.
  • the impact recovery rate it is possible to make an installation of compression prestressing automatic.
  • the blasting conditions of the specimen and of the corresponding zone of the part being identical, it is certain that the recovery rates of the impacts on the specimen and on said zone are also identical, so that the rate of overlap measured on the test piece is significant of the surface prestresses generated in the corresponding zone of said part.
  • the shot-blasting conditions chosen to be identical for the test piece and the part include, for example, the distance from the shot-blasting nozzle to the test piece and to the piece, the incidence of the projectile jet on the test piece and on the piece, the nature and dimensions of the projectiles, the characteristics of the projectile jet (namely the projectile speed and speed), and the conditions (speed and not) of scanning of the test piece and of said zone by the molten nozzle by the robot.
  • the test piece is made of a metal identical to that of said piece (in this case the recovery rates of impacts on the test piece and the piece are identical), or at least of a metal whose hardness is perfectly known (in this case the recovery rates of the impacts on the specimen and the part are in the same ratio as the hardness thereof).
  • the term “recovery rate” for projectile impacts is designated, for a zone of determined total area, the ratio reduced in% between the sum of the areas of impacts and the total area of said zone.
  • the intensity of the surface prestresses generated in said zone depends on the value of said rate of recovery of the impacts of the projectiles.
  • each value of the rate of recovery of projectile impacts corresponds to a determined hammering of the shot-blasted surface, this rate of recovery can be measured by opto-electronic means examining said surface.
  • said means for measuring the recovery rate of the impacts of said shot-blasting projectiles comprise a first reference test piece identical to the shot-blasted test piece and having a zero recovery rate, a second test piece of reference identical to the shot-blasted test piece and having a recovery rate equal to 100%, means for illuminating said first and second test pieces as well as the shot-blasted test piece, opto-electronic means capable of observing these three test pieces and of measuring the gray levels of these and calculation means for determining the gray levels of the shot-blasted test piece by comparison and thresholding with the gray levels of said first and second reference test pieces.
  • said means for measuring the impact recovery rate are arranged outside of said sealed enclosure and a transport device is provided for moving said blasted test piece between its blasting position inside said enclosure and its measurement position in said means.
  • Said means for measuring the impact recovery rate can also be portable for direct measurements on the workpiece.
  • said robot prefferably be of the programmable type and for its sequences of scanning the part by the jet of projectiles from the nozzle to be controlled by an electronic computer.
  • this electronic computer is connected to the calculation means determining the gray level of the shot-blasted test piece and controls said means for controlling the characteristics of the projectile jet.
  • said electronic computer further controls the shot blasting sequences of said test piece, the transfer sequences of said test piece from its shot blasting position to its measurement position and the sequences for measuring the recovery rate of said test piece.
  • the identity of the blasting conditions of the test piece and of the part is ensured by the robot, and the characteristics of the shot blasting jet are checked by said electronic computer.
  • the automatic shot peening installation according to the invention shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, comprises an enclosure 1 of sufficient dimensions to contain a part 2 to be shot peened.
  • the enclosure 1 is provided with an inlet airlock 3 and an outlet airlock 4 for the room 2.
  • Transport means (not shown) are provided for bringing said room 2 into the enclosure 1 and the get out.
  • This part 2 is shown in FIG. 1 as being an aircraft side member.
  • the enclosure 1 must be provided sealed with regard to shot-blasting projectiles, so that these cannot spread outside during shot peening.
  • the bottom 5 of the enclosure 1 is consumed in a hopper to collect said shot-blasting projectiles and direct them towards a recovery tank 6, in connection with a reprocessing and recycling device 7 supplying a projection nozzle 8 with projectiles, by a conduit 9.
  • This device 7 is able to control the characteristics of the projectile jet.
  • the device 7 and the nozzle 8 can be of any known type and are only shown extremely diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • the same is true of a robot 10, arranged at least partially inside the enclosure 1 and responsible for moving the nozzle 8 relative to the part 2, in order to obtain the shot peening of desired zones thereof.
  • the nozzle 8 is mounted at the end of an arm 11 animated by said robot 10.
  • a device 12 is provided for measuring the rate of recovery of the impacts of the shot-blasting projectiles on test pieces 13. These are made of the same metal as the part 2 and at least one of them is disposed inside the enclosure 1, in a place that can be reached by the nozzle 8 (position 8 'of the nozzle 8 and position 11' of the arm 11 of the robot). This location is connected to the device 12 by a track 14, for example an endless belt conveyor, crossing said enclosure.
  • a computer 15 responsible for controlling all the parameters and shot blasting sequences by controlling the device 7 for projectile supply of the nozzle 8 and the robot 10, receives the results of the measurements carried out by the device 12 (line 23).
  • the computer 15 also controls the conveyor 14.
  • the computer 15 proceeds to peening the parts of the part 2 which are to be treated and that of test pieces 13. These test pieces are shot peened under the same conditions as said part 2 and are then brought to the measuring device 12 by the conveyor 14.
  • the measuring device 12 communicates its results to the computer 15, which controls the device 7 to take account of said results.
  • the characteristics of the jet of shot-blasting projectiles emitted by the nozzle 8 can be adjusted to those necessary for obtaining the desired surface prestresses for the part 2.
  • the embodiment of the measuring device 12 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, comprises a support 16 on which are placed two test pieces 17 and 18, identical to a test piece 13 whose impact recovery rate must be measured. Test pieces 17 and 18 correspond respectively to the value 0 and to the value 100% of this rate.
  • the test piece 13 can be brought by the conveyor 14 to a position adjacent to the test pieces 17 and 18.
  • the device 12 comprises a matrix camera 19 arranged above the support 16, so that its field includes the test pieces 17 and 18, as well as the test piece 13 to be measured.
  • the camera 19 is connected to an electronic unit 20, in connection with a monitor 21 and a computer 22. The latter sends the signals from the camera to the computer 15, by a line 23.
  • a light source 24 illuminates the test pieces 17 , 18 and 13.
  • the camera 19 by comparing the gray levels of the test pieces 17 and 18 with those of the test piece 13 can determine the rate of recovery of the impacts of the projectiles of the test piece measured 13. From these gray levels measured for said test piece 13, the computer 15 can therefore adjust the device 7.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Automatische Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Oberflächenvorspannungen auf einem Werkstück (2) durch Strahlen mit
- einer abgedichteten Einfassung (1), in der das Werkstück (2) untergebracht ist;
- einem wenigstens teilweise in der abgedichteten Einfassung untergebrachten Roboter (10, 11), der relativ zum Werkstück (2) wenigstens eine einen Strahl von Strahlprojektilen emittierende Düse (8) bewegen kann;
- Mitteln (7) zur Kontrolle der Eigenschaften des Strahls von Strahlprojektilen, und
- in der Einfassung (2) untergebrachten Halteelementen (14) zum Tragen der Prüfmuster (13),

dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Mittel (12) zum Messen des Abdeckungsgrads der Aufschläge der Strahlprojektile auf einem von der vom Roboter (10, 11) bewegten Düse (8) unter gleichen Bedingungen wie denen eines Bereichs des Werkstücks (2) gestrahlten Muster (13) umfaßt, wobei das Mittel (12) zum Messen des Abdeckungsgrads der Aufschläge der Projektile die Kontrollmittel steuern können.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (12) zum Messen des Abdeckungsgrads der Aufschläge der Strahlprojektile ein erstes, mit dem gestrahlten Muster (13) identisches Referenzmuster (17), das einen Abdeckungsgrad Null aufweist, ein zweites, mit dem gestrahlten Muster (13) identisches Referenzmuster (18), das einen Abdeckungsgrad 100% aufweist, Mittel (24) zum Beleuchten des ersten und zweiten Referenzmusters sowie des gestrahlten Musters, optoelektronische Mittel (19) zum Beobachten der drei Muster (17, 18, 13) und zum Messen deren Grauwerte sowie Rechnermittel (22) zum Bestimmen des Grauwerts des gestrahlten Musters (13) im Vergleich mit den Grauwerten des ersten und des zweiten Referenzmusters (17, 18) umfassen.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (12) zum Messen des Abdeckungsgrads der Aufschläge au- Berhalb der Einfassung (1) angebracht sind, und daß eine Transportvorrichtung (14) vorgesehen ist, um das gestrahlte Muster (13) zwischen seiner Strahlposition innerhalb der Einfassung (1) und seiner Meßposition in den Mitteln (12) zu verschieben.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Roboter (10, 11) programmierbar ist und der Beaufschlagungsvorgang des Werkstücks durch den Projektilstrahl von einem elektronischen Rechner (15) gesteuert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der elektronische Rechner (15) mit den den Grauwert des gestrahlten Musters (13) bestimmenden Rechnermittels (22) verbunden ist und die Mittel (7) zur Kontrolle der Eigenschaften des Projektilstrahls steuert.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der elektronische Rechner (15) weiterhin den Strahlvorgang des Musters (13), den Übergangsvorgang des Musters (13) von seiner Strahlposition in seine Meßposition sowie die Abläufe der Messungen des Abdeckungsgrads des Musters steuert.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (12) zum Messen des Abdeckungsgrads der Aufschläge tragbar sind.
EP19860402598 1985-11-29 1986-11-21 Automatische Kugelstrahlanlage zur Erzeugung von Kompressionsvorspannungen Expired EP0226502B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8517704 1985-11-29
FR8517704A FR2590826B1 (fr) 1985-11-29 1985-11-29 Installation automatique de grenaillage pour la formation de precontraintes de compression

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0226502A1 EP0226502A1 (de) 1987-06-24
EP0226502B1 true EP0226502B1 (de) 1989-10-11

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EP19860402598 Expired EP0226502B1 (de) 1985-11-29 1986-11-21 Automatische Kugelstrahlanlage zur Erzeugung von Kompressionsvorspannungen

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EP (1) EP0226502B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3666168D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2590826B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5134950A (en) * 1989-06-13 1992-08-04 Innovative Marine Technology, Inc. Sailboat
FR2678537B1 (fr) * 1991-07-03 1993-09-17 Snecma Procede de grenaillage de pieces a methode de mesure d'intensite et installation de mise en óoeuvre.
AU2003220340B8 (en) * 2002-03-18 2009-01-15 Surface Technology Holdings, Ltd Method and apparatus for providing a layer of compressive residual stress
DE102010001286A1 (de) * 2010-01-27 2011-07-28 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG, 15827 Verfahren zum Erfassen der Flächenbedeckung beim Kugelstrahlen
CN102505068A (zh) * 2011-09-30 2012-06-20 上海交通大学 预应力喷丸改善钛基复合材料表面性能的方法
FR3039276B1 (fr) * 2015-07-23 2017-11-10 Snecma Procede de traitement et de controle d'une surface precontrainte
CN111112395B (zh) * 2020-01-03 2022-03-04 中国航空制造技术研究院 用于获取双曲率壁板的预弯工装及喷丸成形工艺

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3729375A (en) * 1970-05-01 1973-04-24 Int Paper Co Meter for measuring brightness of bleached fibers and controlling the bleaching process
US3950642A (en) * 1975-05-27 1976-04-13 Metal Improvement Company, Inc. Method of inspecting shot peened surfaces for extent of coverage
JPS589811B2 (ja) * 1977-09-15 1983-02-23 三菱重工業株式会社 管内面シヨツトピ−ニング施工の管理法
FR2460755A1 (fr) * 1979-07-09 1981-01-30 Lutelec Luchaire Equip Dispositif automatique pour grenailler des pieces creuses de grandes dimensions
SU1050858A1 (ru) * 1982-05-20 1983-10-30 Научно-Исследовательский Институт Технологии Криогенного Машиностроения Устройство дл поверхностного упрочнени деталей
JPS5997843A (ja) * 1982-11-29 1984-06-05 Toyota Motor Corp シヨツトピ−ニング装置

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Publication number Publication date
EP0226502A1 (de) 1987-06-24
FR2590826B1 (fr) 1989-09-15
FR2590826A1 (fr) 1987-06-05
DE3666168D1 (en) 1989-11-16

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