EP0225299B1 - Barre pour structures planes en treillis spatiales sans noeuds de liaison - Google Patents

Barre pour structures planes en treillis spatiales sans noeuds de liaison Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0225299B1
EP0225299B1 EP86830363A EP86830363A EP0225299B1 EP 0225299 B1 EP0225299 B1 EP 0225299B1 EP 86830363 A EP86830363 A EP 86830363A EP 86830363 A EP86830363 A EP 86830363A EP 0225299 B1 EP0225299 B1 EP 0225299B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flanges
bar
bars
geometrical
planes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86830363A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0225299A2 (fr
EP0225299A3 (en
Inventor
Saverio Bono
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bongiorni Annabella
Buratti Maria Maddalena
Mori Lamberto
Original Assignee
Bongiorni Annabella
Buratti Maria Maddalena
Mori Lamberto
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bongiorni Annabella, Buratti Maria Maddalena, Mori Lamberto filed Critical Bongiorni Annabella
Publication of EP0225299A2 publication Critical patent/EP0225299A2/fr
Publication of EP0225299A3 publication Critical patent/EP0225299A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0225299B1 publication Critical patent/EP0225299B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1933—Struts specially adapted therefor of polygonal, e.g. square, cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1936—Winged profiles, e.g. with a L-, T-, U- or X-shaped cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1975—Frameworks where the struts are directly connected to each other, i.e. without interposed connecting nodes or plates

Definitions

  • TmH invention relates to an improved type bar for junction planar three-dimensional lattice or truss structures without junction knots, and the structures formed in this way.
  • Three-dimensional lattice structures are known, particularly for covering more or less extended areas, which are assembled by connecting together metal rods or bars in various ways, being required in any case some kind of connecting knot elements at the joints, even in the instance of single or multi-layered planar truss structures.
  • the rods whose geometrical axes effectively converge in a single point are never directly joined to each other, but it has always been preferred to provide the mutual connections by means of an auxiliary element that materializes, so to speak, the geometrical knot.
  • a number of embodiments are known for said connecting knot elements, of more or less complex construction depending upon the type of structure to be obtained, and in particular upon the number of rods converging towards each knot, but, in any case, it is necessary that in addition to the rods, provision is also made for these usually expensive elements which require skilled labour for the assembly thereof. While this can all be justified, from a financial point of view, for important structures, designed to cover very large size areas, it is not so for less extended ceilings, where it would be desirable to use, as the only structural members, extruded material rods made for instance from aluminum alloy, and the related fastening means.
  • a space frame which is constructed of elongated members having the above mentioned desired features, with the possibility of direct interconnections of the members to one another without the use of a hub.
  • the angle between the arms of the "X” shape or "Y” shape are fixed (90° or 120°), the angle formed by the various members of the space frame also cannot be varied.
  • the bar or rod of the invention is formed as a X-shaped elongate member thus with four flanges, each flange having a first surface which defines a plane belonging to a sheaf of planes having its axis coincident with the longitudinal axis of said bar, the other surface or each rod flange being offset from the plane of the sheaf, the radial planes of the flanges relating to said first surfaces, at least at the bar ends, define therebetween an angle which is dependent on the angles formed by the geometrical axes of the bars converging into the same nodal point with respect to a system of three coordinate axes having its origin in the convergence point, as a function of the respective direction cosines, whereby coupling of a number of identical bars with flanges having the same angular orientation is provided by overlapping the flanges corresponding to conjugate connecting planes in a position of a planar coincident relationship.
  • Figures 1 and 1a show a planar three-dimensional lattice structure, in particular a single-layered structure, that can be advantageously built by fastening the bars of the invention to each other without nodal connecting elements in the areas where several bars meet, which are shown here simply by the longitudinal axes thereof.
  • This kind of a structure which could of course comprise two or more layers, one over the other, includes a certain number of square loop elements 10 adjacent to each other, and forming the base of pyramidal elements 3 whose apex is located in a geometrical knot point 0.
  • Rods or bars 1 form the sides and the diagonals of loop elements 10 and of pyramidal elements 3. In the case shown here, a maximum of eight rods 1 can converge towards an apex 0, while in the instance where more layers are provided the rods can be twelve in number.
  • bars 1 An essential requirement that has to be met by bars 1 according to this invention is that they must have substantially radial members, or suitably oriented "flanges" 5, in order to define, about the bar longitudinal axis, such angles as to allow for an overlapping in a position of geometrical planar coincidence of the conjugate ftanges belonging to bars whose axes converge in the same joint point 0 which is the virtual center of the knot or, as it could be better defined, a "no-knot node” since the same point is not materalized in the space as an actual structure element.
  • the angular arrangement of flanges 5 of a certain bar 1 is then related according to the invention, to the angles mutually formed by the same bars to each other, or better by the longitudinal axes thereof.
  • FIG. 2 and 2a said concept is better described making reference to a purely geometrical representation, respectively of a single pyramidal element 3, taken out of a square looped lattice structure, as shown in Figures 1 and 1a, and of a node 0' taken as the origin of a set of three coordinate axes in order to determine the angle orientation of a diagonal rod having its origin in said node.
  • the subject diagonal rod is that designated 1' in Figure 2 wherein there is also shown the three coordinate axes x, y, and z, then reproduced in Figure 2a.
  • a unitary length of rod 1' whose components along the three coordinate axes are a, b, and c, respectively, while the angles that said unitary length form with the three coordinate axes in the planes marked by shading respectively with horizontal lines, sloping lines and dots have been shown as a, ⁇ , y.
  • the longitudinal geometrical axis of the bars is considered as the axis of a sheaf of planes whose direction cosines coincide with those of the bars; among the planes belonging to said sheaf just those conjugate planes are determined, as shown in Figures 3a and 3b, which provide the geometrical coupling planes, in particular by means of the above equation.
  • the contact surfaces between two matching flanges are determined in this way, as indicated on the drawing by a thicker dash-and-dot line, but of course the flanges have a thickness, limited only by the size of mechanical junction elements in addition to cost evaluations related to the weight of the overall structure. Due to said thickness the flanges cannot be defined as actually radial with respect to the bar geometrical axis as, if a surface thereof coincides with one of said planes, this is not true for the second one which will be offset from said plane, for all the flanges of a same bar, in the same direction, clockwise or counterclockwise, when rotating around the bar geometrical axis as it is shown in Figure 3a (counterclockwise rotation).
  • the values of the angles defined between the flange planes depend upon the geometrical properties of the modular lattice structure, and therefore they depend for instance, upon the different height that is desired for the structural layer of Figure 1, since the diagonal rod angles, and consequently the direction cosines thereof, are in fact a function of said height,
  • the calculations show that the bar flanges form alternate angles whose values are approximately 70°31'44" and the supplement value thereof i.e. 109°28'16".
  • Rods 5 have been shown here as X-shaped rods and bars, and in Figure 4 without the central intersection area, whereby they are caused to be lightened while of course an outer tubular element (not shown) is provided, which encirlces and rigidly restrains the flanges.
  • connection surface and its efficiency are increased, but obviously other different embodiments are possible (as shown for instance in Figure 4a) among those hereinafter disclosed taking into account in particular that the bar can have any desired shape, with any desired flange orientation, provided that, at least at the ends thereof designed for connection to other bars, its flanges have the orientation necessary to ensure that the flanges can overlap at conjugate connection planes.
  • the diagonal rods provide the connecting element between the stringers.
  • FIGs 4 and 4a there is also schematically shown the fastening means 7 for mechanical connection of the overlapping flanges of bars converging towards the centre point 0, having only the function of withstanding shear stresses.
  • this invention provides for use of an expansion head type bolt which is described in the following referring to Figure 5.
  • Bolt 11 is shown in a side view outside a rod 1 having flanges 5 shaped as shown in Figure 4 or, more completely, in Figure 9, in addition to a sectional view where it is shown tightened with expanded head for the fastening of two flanges of two separate associated bars.
  • an expansion head bolt 11 which advantageously embodies a fastening device 7, comprises a partially threaded shank 21 provided with a central through bore, a cylindrical pin 23 being housed in said through bore and having an end thereof shaped as a square tang 23a, while the other end is shaped as a conical disc 25. Both ends 23a and 25 project from Shank 21 and pin 23 is made integral therewith by means of a suitable bonding adhesive.
  • the size of the maximum diameter section of pin conical head 25 is equal, and in any case no larger than the outer diameter of shank 21, in order to define, together with the associate end of shank 21, a cavity adapted to provide a seat for helical spring 20 whose inner end is attached to pin 23, said spring being normally held into position by a washer 27 whose inner diameter corresponds, irrespectively of a small clearance, to the outer diameter of shank 21.
  • a tightening nut 29 is screwed.
  • Figures 6 to 13 some examples of four flanged rod cross-sections are shown, all of which can be circumscribed in a circle, among them those of Figures 6, 7 and 8 having a continuous open X-shape, which in Figures 7 and 8 is provided with dependent peripheral elements.
  • Figures 9 and 10 show two additional examples of bars formed of enclosed tubular elements having inner or outer flanges; i.e. converging from the periphery towards the center of diverging towards the periphery, respectively.
  • FIG. 11 is rather different, but always in accordance with the requirements of the invention, as it comprises a simple tubular element having local flanges, only at each rod end, wherein the flanges are formed for instance by plastic deformation of the tube, or by addition of material.
  • the flanges have the required angular orientation to allow for coupling with conjugate flanges of converging rods, even though at the ends only, for instance by means of material added. It is understood that where the necessary shape is provided at the ends only, the advantage of obtaining a constant cross-section bar by means of a simple extrusion process is lost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Une barre (1) pour structures planes en treillis tridimensionnelles, comprenant des brides sensiblement radiales (5) chacune présentant une première surface définissant un plan dans un faisceau de plan ayant son axe coïncidant avec l'axe longitudinal géométrique de la barre (1), l'autre surface de chaque bride (5) d'une barre (1) étant décalée de ladite première surface, caractérisée par le fait que ladite barre (1) est un élément en forme de X, ainsi avec quatre brides (5) dont les plans radiaux en rapport avec ladite première surface, au moins aux extrémités de la barre, définissent entre eux un angle (ϕ) qui est fonction des angles (a, β, y) formés par les axes géométriques des barres (1) convergeant vers le même point nodal (0) eu égard à un système de trois axes de coordonnée ayant son origine dans le centre dudit noeud (0) comme une fonction des cosinus de direction respectifs (a, b, c) desdits angles, de sorte que tan (p=-c/b, ce qui permet qu'un couplage d'un certain nombre de barres identiques (1) avec des brides ayant la même orientation angulaire soit assuré par le chevauchement des brides (5) en rapport avec des plans de couplage conjugués dans une position de relation plane coïncidente.
2. La barre structurelle de la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdites autres surfaces, étant décalées de l'angle définissant un plan associé (ϕ), sont toutes orientées dans la même direction de rotation autour dudit axe longitudinal
3. La barre structurelle de la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdites autres surfaces, étant décalées de l'angle définissant un plan associé (cp), sont disposées symétriquement par rapport à un plan (S-S) coupant en deux une paire d'angles opposés (ϕ; 180°-ϕ).
4. La barre structurelle selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdites quatre brides (5) ont des éléments périphériques qui leur sont associés lesquels peuvent être inscrits dans un cercle dont le centre se trouvent sur ledit axe longitudinal.
5. La barre structurelle selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle lesdits éléments périphériques constituent un profil tubulaire fermé à partir duquel s'étendent lesdites brides (5), dans une direction sensiblement radiale, vers une position près dudit axe géométrique, sans atteindre celui-ci, étant également prévu que ladite enceinte tubulaire extérieure est manquante au niveau des noeuds de connexion, où les barres (1) s'interconnectent.
6. La barre structurelle selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que lesdites brides (5) s'étendent depuis un élément tubulaire central, coaxial avec ledit axe longitudinal géométrique de ladite barre (1).
7. La barre structurelle selon la revendication 2 ou 3, comprenant un élément tubulaire longitudinal prévu pour prendre une forme en X par formation desdites quatre brides (5), avec les orientations angulaires requises, seulement dans une région proche des extrémités de la barre en appliquant une force sur ledit élément tubulaire.
8. La barre structurelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 précédentes, constituée en une matière extrudée en continu, en particulier en alliage d'aluminium, et coupée à la dimension souhaitée.
9. Une structure plane tridimensionnelle formée par au moins une couche unique d'étais pyramidaux (3) ayant une base en boucle carrée (10) constituée de barres (1) selon la revendication 1 et l'une des revendications 2 ou 3 et 4 à 7, avec des éléments de fixation
(7) pour interconnecter les brides (5) des barres convergeant dans le même noeud géométrique virtuel (0) et se chevauchant au niveau de ladite première surface associée auxdits plans de couplage conjugués.
EP86830363A 1985-12-05 1986-12-05 Barre pour structures planes en treillis spatiales sans noeuds de liaison Expired EP0225299B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2310885 1985-12-05
IT23108/85A IT1186403B (it) 1985-12-05 1985-12-05 Asta perfezionata per formare struttura reticolari spaziali piane senza nodi di connessione

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0225299A2 EP0225299A2 (fr) 1987-06-10
EP0225299A3 EP0225299A3 (en) 1987-08-26
EP0225299B1 true EP0225299B1 (fr) 1990-10-10

Family

ID=11203861

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86830363A Expired EP0225299B1 (fr) 1985-12-05 1986-12-05 Barre pour structures planes en treillis spatiales sans noeuds de liaison

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EP (1) EP0225299B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3674889D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1186403B (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI96440C (fi) * 1995-02-13 1996-06-25 Rautaruukki Oy Solmukappaleeton avaruusristikkorakenne
ES2328201B1 (es) * 2007-03-30 2010-09-15 Jaime Alberto Sarmiento Ocampo Autoconstruccion industrializada modular y climatizada por ventilacion natural.
ES2387143B1 (es) * 2010-10-21 2013-04-15 Europea De Construcciones Metalicas, S.A. "conexion directa entre un tubo y un elemento plano"
US10219627B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2019-03-05 Steelcase Inc. Compliant seating structure
US11324323B2 (en) 2019-09-18 2022-05-10 Steelcase Inc. Body support member with lattice structure

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU520837B2 (en) * 1977-05-17 1982-03-04 Hibble, R.M. Space frame

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0225299A2 (fr) 1987-06-10
EP0225299A3 (en) 1987-08-26
DE3674889D1 (de) 1990-11-15
IT8523108A0 (it) 1985-12-05
IT1186403B (it) 1987-11-26

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