EP0224369A2 - Flaschenkasten - Google Patents

Flaschenkasten Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0224369A2
EP0224369A2 EP86308966A EP86308966A EP0224369A2 EP 0224369 A2 EP0224369 A2 EP 0224369A2 EP 86308966 A EP86308966 A EP 86308966A EP 86308966 A EP86308966 A EP 86308966A EP 0224369 A2 EP0224369 A2 EP 0224369A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bottle
base
petaloid
pocket
case
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86308966A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0224369A3 (de
Inventor
Roy Hammett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Container Systems Inc
Original Assignee
International Container Systems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Container Systems Inc filed Critical International Container Systems Inc
Publication of EP0224369A2 publication Critical patent/EP0224369A2/de
Publication of EP0224369A3 publication Critical patent/EP0224369A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/70—Trays provided with projections or recesses in order to assemble multiple articles, e.g. intermediate elements for stacking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/22—Boxes or like containers with side walls of substantial depth for enclosing contents
    • B65D1/24—Boxes or like containers with side walls of substantial depth for enclosing contents with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D1/243—Crates for bottles or like containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24012—Materials
    • B65D2501/24019—Mainly plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/2405—Construction
    • B65D2501/24063—Construction of the walls
    • B65D2501/24082—Plain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/2405—Construction
    • B65D2501/24063—Construction of the walls
    • B65D2501/24089—Height of the side walls
    • B65D2501/24108—Height of the side walls corresponding to part of the height of the bottles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/2405—Construction
    • B65D2501/24121—Construction of the bottom
    • B65D2501/24133—Grid, mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24197—Arrangements for locating the bottles
    • B65D2501/24203—Construction of locating arrangements
    • B65D2501/24273—Cells or apertures in a top wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24197—Arrangements for locating the bottles
    • B65D2501/24203—Construction of locating arrangements
    • B65D2501/2428—Others
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24197—Arrangements for locating the bottles
    • B65D2501/24324—Means for accommodating grouped bottles, e.g. in a wrapper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24197—Arrangements for locating the bottles
    • B65D2501/24337—Means for accommodating bottles of different sizes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24197—Arrangements for locating the bottles
    • B65D2501/24343—Position pattern
    • B65D2501/2435—Columns and rows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24363—Handles
    • B65D2501/24509—Integral handles
    • B65D2501/24535—Integral handles formed in the walls, e.g. roughnings, cavities or projections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24554—Stacking means
    • B65D2501/24585—Stacking means for stacking or joining the crates together one upon the other, in the upright or upside-down position
    • B65D2501/24592—Crates presenting local stacking elements protruding from the upper or lower edge of a side wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24554—Stacking means
    • B65D2501/24585—Stacking means for stacking or joining the crates together one upon the other, in the upright or upside-down position
    • B65D2501/24649—Auxiliary removable stacking elements other than covers
    • B65D2501/24656—Auxiliary removable stacking elements other than covers these elements being (part of) the contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24764—Reinforcements
    • B65D2501/24789—Means used for reinforcing
    • B65D2501/24796—Plain integral ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2501/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece
    • B65D2501/24—Boxes or like containers with moulded compartments or partitions
    • B65D2501/24006—Details relating to bottle crates
    • B65D2501/24866—Other details
    • B65D2501/24929—Drainage means

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a reusable plastic case for transporting bottles of beverage and the like.
  • Bottles made of the plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have become especially popular with the soft-drink industry because of their transparency, light weight and low cost. Such bottles are available in a wide range of capacities, including 16 ounce, half-liter, one-liter, two-liter, three-­liter and four-liter.
  • PET bottles Two types of PET bottles are generally used by soft drink bottlers today: a base-cup type and a petaloid type. Both types of PET bottles are generally symmetric in shape, having a longitudinal symmetry axis.
  • PET bottles of the base-cup type have three parts; a vessel made of PET plastic for containing the beverage, a closure for sealing the vessel, and a base cup.
  • the base portion of the PET vessel is generally hemispherical in shape and thus does not provide a surface on which the bottle can stand upright.
  • the base cup is a separately formed piece which is adhesively bonded to the hemispherical base portion of the PET vessel and has a bottom which is shaped to permit the bottle to stand upright on a flat horizontal surface.
  • An annular indentation is formed in the bottom of the base cup to provide a surface for bonding the base cup to the PET vessel.
  • PET bottles of the petaloid type have only two parts: a petaloid vessel made of PET plastic and a closure for sealing the vessel.
  • the base portion of the PET petaloid vessel has six petaloid lobes projecting from it in a generally circular arrangement. Bottom surfaces of the lobes are generally substantially coplanar with respect to one another and permit the bottle to stand upright on a horizontal flat surface.
  • PET bottles Although the walls of PET bottles are flexible, they are strong in tension and thus can contain the pressure of carbonated beverages safely.
  • conventional PET bottles of either the base-cup or the petaloid type can bear a surprisingly high compressive load when filed with carbonated beverage if the load is directed substantially along the longitudinal symmetry axis of the bottle.
  • a single PET bottle filled with carbonated beverage can support the weight of many bottles of the same size filled with beverage if the bottle in question is standing upright and the weight of the other bottles is applied to the closure of the single bottle and is directed substantially vertically along the symmetry axis.
  • a compressive load is applied to a conventional PET bottle along a direction other than the symmetry axis of the bottle, the bottle tends to buckle and give way.
  • Conventional PET bottles of the petaloid type generally have a significantly smaller outside diameter than conventional PET bottles of the base-cup type with the same capaity.
  • a bottle pocket with an inside diameter dimensioned to fit a PET bottle of the base-cup type sufficiently closely to orient the bottle stably ordinarily fits a PET bottle of the petaloid type so loosely as not to orient the bottle with sufficient stability to permit the case to be used for stacking in commercial bottling operations.
  • a molded plastic case marketed by Rehrig-Pacific Co., Inc. of Los Angeles, California under the trade designation "PLBC 8-2L (QD)" (the Rehrig-Pacific case) has eight bottle pockets adapted to carry two-liter PET bottles of the base-cup type.
  • An open network of ribs forms the floor of the bottle pockets in the case.
  • the floor of each bottle pocket is essentially flat except for six studs which project outward from the floor into the bottle pocket.
  • the six studs are spaced at intervals about a circle and are shaped to fit within the annular indentation in the base cup of a PET bottle of the base-cup type.
  • the studs in the bottle pockets of the Rehrig-Pacific case are sufficiently short and the gaps between the studs are sufficiently wide that the studs can fit between the petaloid lobes of a conventional PET bottle of the petaloid type seated in a bottle pocket.
  • a conventional two-liter PET bottle of the petaloid type is seated in a bottle pocket of the Rehrig-Pacific case, the bottom surfaces of the petaloid lobes rest on the floor of the bottle pocket approximately between the studs.
  • the structure of the Rehrig-Pacific case generally provides insufficient stacking stability for use in a typical commercial bottling operation.
  • a commercial soft-drink bottling operation typically requires a "float" of tens of thousands of cases to warehouse PET bottles of soft drinks and to deliver the bottles to retail stores.
  • PET bottles of both the base-cup type and the petaloid type are generally symmetrical in shape with a longitudinal symmetry axis.
  • the bottles have a closure for sealing the bottle which is generally centered with respect to the symmetry axis.
  • PET bottles of the base-cup type have a base cup with an underside which is shaped to permit the bottle to stand upright on a flat horizontal surface.
  • the underside of a conventional base cup has a generally annular bottom surface and a generally annular indentation located radially inwardly of the annular bottom surface. Both the annular bottom surface and the annular indentation are substantially centered with respect to the symmetry axis of the bottle.
  • the annular bottom surface of the base cup is positioned to contact a surface on which the bottle stands.
  • PET bottles of the petaloid type have six petaloid lobes formed in the base of the bottle which permit the bottle to stand upright on a flat horizontal surface.
  • the six lobes are disposed symmetrically in a circular arrangement about the longitudinal symmetry axis of the bottle.
  • a petaloid-lobe-separation notch extends generally radially between each pair of petaloid lobes.
  • the petaloid lobes have bottom surfaces which are substantially coplanar with respect to one another to form petaloid-lobe support surfaces for contacting the surface on which the bottle stands.
  • the case of the invention is molded from a plastic material such as high-density polyethylene.
  • the case comprises an outer shell such as a top sheet and rectangular side wall.
  • the case further comprises a plurality of support elements which are connected to and generally disposed within the outer shell.
  • the support elements tend to reinforce the outer shell.
  • the outer shell and support elements are shaped to define a plurality of bottle pockets for receiving the bases of PET bottles.
  • the case includes eight bottle pockets arranged in two parallel rows with four pockets in each row.
  • the case could include six bottle pockets arranged in two parallel rows with three pockets in each row. Other numbers and arrangements of bottle pockets may be used if desired.
  • a pocket centerline is defined to extend generally centrally through each bottle pocket.
  • the case of the invention also includes a bottle seating structure associated with each of the bottle pockets for seating bottles inserted into the pockets.
  • Each bottle seating structure is connected to the outer shell of the case or to one or more of the support elements.
  • the bottle seating structure includes an array of dual-base-engagement projections, a base-cup-bottle alignment structure, and a petaloid-bottle alignment structure.
  • the dual-base-engagement projections are disposed in a generally annular array symmetrically about the pocket centerline. Each dual-base-engagement projection extends generally parallel to the pocket centerline and projects into the bottle pocket.
  • the number of dual-base-engagement projections equals the number of petaloid lobes formed in the base of a PET bottle of the petaloid type.
  • the dual-base-­engagement projections are shaped and positioned to fit within and engage the annular indentation in the base cup of a PET bottle of the base-cup type seated in the bottle pocket.
  • the dual-base-engagement projections are also shaped to fit within and engage the petaloid-lobe-separation notches between the petaloid lobes of a PET bottle of the petaloid type seated in the bottle pocket.
  • the base-cup-bottle alignment structure is adapted to orient a PET bottle of the base-cup type seated in the bottle pocket so that the symmetry axis of the bottle extends generally parallel to the pocket centerline.
  • the base-cup-­bottle alignment structure has a base-cup-bottle annular-­bottom-surface contact surface which is oriented generally normal to the pocket centerline and disposed to contact the annular bottom surface of the base cup of the PET bottle seated in the pocket to orient the bottle.
  • the base-cup-­bottle annular-bottom-surface contact surface defines a base-cup-bottle annular-bottom-surface contact plane.
  • the petaloid-bottle alignment structure is adapted to orient a PET bottle of the petaloid type seated in the bottle pocket so that the symmetry axis of the bottle extends generally parallel to the pocket centerline.
  • the petaloid-­bottle alignment structure has six petaloid-bottle lobe-­bottom-surface contact surfaces.
  • the lobe-bottom-surface contact surfaces of the bottle seating structure are approximately tangent to a plane which defines a petaloid-­bottle lobe-bottom-surface contact plane which is oriented generally normal to the pocket centerline.
  • the six petaloid-bottle lobe-bottom-surface contact surfaces are disposed in a generally circular arrangement about the pocket centerline at locations to register with and contact the lobe bottom surfaces of the bottle seated in the bottle pocket to orient the bottle.
  • the petaloid-bottle lobe-bottom-surface contact plane is spaced apart from the base-cup-bottle annular-­bottom-surface contact plane.
  • the petaloid-bottle lobe-­bottom-surface contact plane lies below the base-cup-bottle annular-bottom-surface contact plane.
  • the case of the invention further includes a plurality of case rests, each of which is associated with a bottle pocket.
  • Each case rest is connected to the bottle seating structure associated with the bottle pocket.
  • Each case rest is generally symmetrically located with respect to the pocket centerline of the bottle pocket and has a case-­to-closure load-transmission surface.
  • the case rest is generally flared in shape or otherwise configured to locate a closure of a bottle in shape or otherwise configured to locate a closure of a bottle oriented generally coaxially with the pocket centerline centrally within the case rest with the top of the closure in contact with the case-to-closure load-­transmission surface.
  • Cases of the invention loaded with bottles can be stacked one on top of the other with the case rests of an upper case resting on the closures of bottles of one or more lower cases immediately below with the case-to-closure load-­transmission surfaces of the case rests of the upper case contacting the tops of the closures of the bottles of the lower cases.
  • the dual-base-engagement projections in the bottle pockets of the case of the invention tend to stabilize the orientations of PET bottles of both the base-cup type and the petaloid type seated in the pockets. Because the petaloid-­bottle lobe-bottom-surface contact plane is spaced apart from and below the base-cup-bottle annular bottom-surface contact plane, the dual-base-engagement projections can extend substantially to the top of the petaloid-lobe-separation notches in the base of PET bottles of the petaloid type, thereby effectively tending to stabilize the orientations of both types of PET bottles.
  • the case of the invention may be used to advantage with conventional PET bottles of any capacity, including one-liter, two-liter, three-liter, or four-liter PET bottles.
  • the case is particularly advantageous for use with two-liter PET bottles.
  • the height of a case of the invention is no greater than about one half the height of the bottles to be transported in the case.
  • a preferred case of the invention may have a height equal to about one quarter the height of the bottles to be transported in the case.
  • a particularly preferred case of the invention for use with eight conventional two-liter PET bottles is about 8 cm high, about 24 cm wide and about 48 cm long. Conventional two-­liter PET bottles are about 30 cm high.
  • the low profile of preferred cases of the invention permits the labels of bottles seated in the case to be visible.
  • Such cases are suitable for displaying bottled beverages to consumers in a retail store.
  • the material of which the case is made is preferably brightly colored for brand identification and to enhance the attractiveness of such a display.
  • a brand name or logo can be imprinted on the side walls of the case if desired.
  • each bottle pocket of a case of the invention is equipped with a bottle side-wall gripper adapted to grip at least a portion of the side wall of bottles inserted in the bottle pocket to assist in orienting the bottle so that the longitudinal axis of the bottle substantially coincides with the centerline of the pocket.
  • Preferred cases of the invention can be arranged in column stacked and cross-stacked, multitiered structures.
  • the support elements, the bottle seating structures and the case rests adjacent to the base plane of a case of the invention form an open network structure.
  • Such an open network structure minimizes the material required to manufacture the case and thus minimizes the cost of the case.
  • an open network structure at the base of the case facilitates the cleaning of the case.
  • the lower edges of the side walls of the case are preferably offset from the base plane of the case.
  • each case rest of a case of the invention has an opening passing centrally through it.
  • the diameter of the opening is less than an outside diameter of the top of the closure of bottles the case is to carry.
  • the openings in the case rests prevent trade names and logos printed on the central portion of the tops of the closures from being worn off by abrasion from a case resting on the closures.
  • the seals of certain types of closures of PET bottles can become broken if the closure is deformed by a load applied to the center of the top of the closure. This problem is particularly acute for closures made of plastic and can result in the loss of carbonation of the beverage in the bottle.
  • Preferred case rests of the invention by having an opening passing though the center of the case rest, tend to bear against annular peripheral areas of the tops of closures and thus tend to reinforce the seal of the closures.
  • Preferred cases of the invention can be molded as a unitary structure from a plastic material such as high density polyethylene. Such cases are economical to produce.
  • a soft drink bottler can store and transport PET bottles of either the base cup type or the petaloid type. The bottler is free to change from one type of bottle to the other without having to replace the cases used to transport the bottles.
  • a left half of a case 2 is shown.
  • the right half (not shown) of the case 2 is essentially the mirror image of the left half.
  • the case 2 includes a side wall 4 and a top sheet 6.
  • the side wall 4 has two opposing lengthwise wall sections 8 and two opposing crosswise wall sections 10.
  • the lengthwise and crosswise wall sections join at generally rounded corners 11.
  • the top sheet 6 is of a generally rectangular shape, having a first crosswise edge 12, a second crosswise edge (not shown), and a first and a second lengthwise edge 16 and 18.
  • the ratio of the distance between the first and the second crosswise edges 12 to the distance between the first and the second lengthwise edges 16 and 18 is approximately equal to two.
  • the top sheet 6 includes three central top-­sheet elements 20, six lengthwise-edge top-sheet elements 21, and two crosswise-edge top-sheet elements 22.
  • Eight pocket openings 24 pass through the top sheet 6.
  • the location of the pocket openings 24 and other features of the top sheet 6 may be conveniently understood in terms of a face-centered square lattice of points (not shown) defined to be coplanar with the top sheet 6.
  • the face-­centered square lattice consists of corner vertices defined by the points of intersection of a square grid and center vertices defined by the centers of the squares of the grid.
  • the length of the sides of the squares of the grid approximately equals one-half the distance between the two lengthwise edges 16 and 18 of the top sheet 6.
  • the lattice is oriented with respect to the top sheet 6 so that mutually perpendicular sides of the square of the grid are respectively parallel to the crosswise edges 12 and the lengthwise edges 16 and 18 of the top sheet 6.
  • Three adjacent squares of the grid are singled out to define three pocket-locating squares: a first end square, a center square, and a second end square.
  • the three pocket-locating squares are disposed in a linear arrangement with the center square being respectively adjacent to the two end squares.
  • the lattice is positioned to locate the three pocket-locating squares symmetrically within the boundaries of the top sheet 6.
  • the lattice is positioned so that a crosswise midline of the top sheet 6 substantially bisects the center square and so that a lengthwise midline of the top sheet 6 substantially bisects all three pocket-locating squares.
  • Eight pocket centerlines are defined by lines normal to the top sheet 6 and passing respectively through the eight corner vertices of the three pocket-locating square.
  • the eight pocket openings 24 in the top sheet 6 are generally circular in shape and are positioned substantially concentrically with respect to the eight pocket centerlines.
  • each of the lengthwise-edge and crosswise-edge top-sheet elements 21 and 22 two thumb-grip tabs 28 are formed.
  • the thumb-grip tabs 28 project above the surface of the top sheet 6 to facilitate a user's gripping the case by hand.
  • the thumb-grip tabs 28 located on the six lengthwise-edge top-sheet elements 21 assist in stacking empty cases by engaging the lower edges of the lengthwise wall sections of an upper case stacked on an empty lower case.
  • the case 2 includes a network of support elements 30 to reinforce the case and support the bottles.
  • the support elements 30 are molded integrally with the case 2. In order to facilitate removing the case from the mold, the support elements 30 are tapered slightly (not shown).
  • the support elements 30 include a lengthwise partition rib 32, three crosswise partition ribs 34, and contour ribs 36. As shown best in Fig. 4, the contour ribs 36 are shaped to follow generally the contour of the base of a PET bottle of the base-cup type. Eight contour ribs 36 are associated with each pocket opening 24. Turning again to Fig. 1, a bottle seating structure 40 is connected to the contour ribs 36 associated with each pocket opening 24. For simplicity, only one of eight bottle seating structures 40 is shown in Figs. 1 and 3. Each bottle seating structure 40 and the eight contour ribs 36 to which it is connected define a pocket well. Each pocket well and adjacent pocket opening 24 define a bottle pocket 25.
  • the bottle seating structure 40 includes a base-cup contact ring 42.
  • the base-cup contact ring 42 is substantially centered with respect to the centerline of the bottle pocket 25.
  • the base-cup contact ring 42 has an "L"-shaped cross section and is made up of a generally circular base rib 41 and a generally annular contact rim 43.
  • a top surface of the contact rim 43 of the base-cup contact ring 42 defines a base-cup-bottle annular-bottom-surface contact plane oriented substantially normal to the pocket centerline.
  • lowermost edges of the support elements 30 of the case 2 are generally coplanar with respect to one another and define a base plane on which the case 2 rests when it is placed on a horizontal flat surface.
  • a lower edge of the base rib 41 of the base-cup contact ring 42 is substantially coplanar with the base plane.
  • six pocket base spokes 44 are joined to the base-cup contact ring 42 and extend radially inwardly from the contact ring 42 toward the centerline of the bottle pocket 25.
  • An undulatory pocket base sheet 48 is located at the bottom of the bottle pocket 25 and is connected to the six-pocket base spokes 44 and to the annular contact rim 43. Between each pair of adjacent pocket base spokes 44 a depression is formed in the pocket base sheet 48 to define a petaloid-lobe receptacle 50. As may be seen in Figs. 2A and 2B, the petaloid-lobe receptacles 50 extend below the base-­cup-bottle annular-bottom-surface contact plane when the case 2 is in a horizontal rest position. Lowermost points of the six petaloid-lobe receptacles 50 are tangent to a plane which defines a petaloid-bottle lobe-bottom-surface contact plane.
  • the petaloid-bottle lobe-bottom-surface contact plane is spaced apart from the base-cup-bottle annular-bottom-surface contact plane in a direction along the pocket centerline.
  • a petaloid-lobe-receptacle drainage slot 51 passes through the pocket base sheet 48 at the bottom of each petaloid-lobe receptacle 50.
  • the petaloid-lobe-receptacle drainage slots 51 provide for drainage of the petaloid-lobe receptacles 50.
  • a dual-base-engagement projection 52 is located between each pair of petaloid-lobe receptacles 50.
  • Each dual-base-engagement projection 52 includes a projection center rib 53 and a projection cover strip 54.
  • the projection cover strip 54 is a rounded-peak-­shaped element formed in the pocket base sheet 48.
  • the projection center rib 53 is connected between a center peak area of the projection cover strip 54 and a pocket base spoke 44.
  • the dual-base-engagement projection 52 is shaped to fit within and engage the annular indentation in the base cup of a PET bottle of the base-cup type.
  • the dual-base-engagement projection 52 is also shaped to fit within and engage petaloid-lobe-separation notches formed between adjacent petaloid lobes in the base of a PET bottle of the petaloid type, as shown in Fig. 2B.
  • a case rest 60 is formed by radially inner portions of the pocket base sheet 48 and radially inner, lower portions of each pocket base spoke 44.
  • the case rest 60 is generally flared in shape in the direction facing away from the bottle pocket 25.
  • a pocket center opening 46 passes through the center of the case rest 60.
  • a perimeter strip around the pocket center opening 46 on the side of the case rest 60 facing away from the bottle pocket 25 defines a case-to-closure load-transmission surface 63.
  • the bottle seating structure 40 of the case 2 is located between a lower portion of a first PET bottle 100 of the base-cup type and an upper portion of a second PET bottle 110. Such an arrangement would result if the case 2 were incorporated in a multitiered stack of cases loaded with PET bottles of the base-cup type on any but the lowermost tier.
  • the PET bottle 100 includes a base cup 102 which is attached to a hemispherical base portion of a PET vessel 104 of the bottle.
  • the base cup 102 has a generally axially-­symmetric shape with an underside formed to permit the bottle to stand upright on a horizontal flat surface.
  • An annular bottom surface 106 is formed on the underside of the base cup 102 to define a base-cup-bottle support plane.
  • An annular base-cup indentation 108 is formed in the base cup radially inwardly of the annular bottom surface 106 to provide an annular surface 109 for attaching the base cup 102 to the PET vessel 104.
  • An outside diameter of the annular bottom surface 106 of the base cup 102 approximately equals the outside diameter of the base-cup contact ring 42 of the bottle structure 40. Side portions of the contour ribs 36 facing the bottle pocket 25 tend to contact and press against radially outer walls of the base cup 102 to grip the base cup 102.
  • the dual-base-engagement projections 52 are shaped to fit within and engage the annular indentation 108 of the base cup 102.
  • the base-cup contact ring 42, the contour ribs 36, and the six dual-base-engagement projections 52 tend to orient the PET bottle 100 in a direction normal to the base-­cup-bottle annular-bottom-surface contact plane so that the longitudinal symmetry axis of the bottle tends to extend generally parallel to the centerline of the bottle pocket.
  • the second PET bottle 110 extends below the case 2 and is oriented substantially coaxially with the centerline of the bottle pocket associated with the bottle seating structure 40.
  • a closure 112 secured to the second PET bottle 110 is located centrally within the case rest 60 in contact with a lower surface of the case rest.
  • the case-to-closure load-transmission surface 63 tends to bear against an annular rim area of the top of the closure 112.
  • the pocket center opening 46 protects trade names and logos printed on the central portion of the top of the closure 112 from abrasion by the case 2 resting on the closure.
  • the bottle seating structure 40 of the case 2 is positioned between a lower portion of a first PET bottle 120 of the petaloid type and an upper portion of a second PET bottle 122, as would result if the case 2 were incorporated in any but the lowermost tier of a multitiered stack of such cases loaded with PET bottles of the petaloid type.
  • the first PET bottle 120 has six petaloid lobes 124 formed in the base of the bottle. Only two of the petaloid lobes 124 are visible in Fig. 2B.
  • Each petaloid lobe 124 includes a lobe bottom surface 126 for contacting a surface on which the bottle can stand.
  • the six lobe bottom surfaces 126 are approximately coplanar with respect to one another and define a petaloid-bottle support plane.
  • Each petaloid lobe receptacle 50 is shaped to conform generally to the shape of lowermost portions of the petaloid lobes of a PET bottle of the petaloid type.
  • Each lobe bottom surface 126 contacts a lower portion of the pocket base sheet 48 in a petaloid-lobe receptable 50 of the bottle seating structure 40 when the PET bottle is seated in the bottle pocket.
  • the dual-base-engagement projections 52 are shaped to fit within and engage petaloid lobe-separation notches 127 formed between the petaloid lobes 124 of the bottle 120.
  • the petaloid-lobe receptacles 50 and the dual-base-engagement projections 52 tend to orient the PET bottle 120 in a direction normal to the petaloid-bottle lobe-bottom-surface contact plane so that the longitudinal symmetry axis of the bottle tends to extend generally parallel to the centerline of the bottle pocket.
  • the second PET bottle 122 extends below the case 2 generally coaxially with the centerline of the bottle pocket 25.
  • a closure 128 of the bottle 122 is located in the case rest 60 with the top of the closure in contact with the case-to-closure load-transmission surface 63 of the case rest 60 around an annular rim on the top of the closure.
  • Fig. 2A and 2B are compared, it will be seen that the PET bottle 120 of the petaloid type is seated at a lower level in the bottle pocket 25 than the PET bottle 100 of the base-cup type when the case 2 is in a horizontal rest position.
  • the level at which the PET bottle of the base-cup type is seated in the bottle pocket 25 determined by the base-cup-bottle annular-bottom-surface contact plane which is defined by the upper surfaces of the annular contact rim 43 of the base-cup contact ring 42.
  • the level at which the PET bottle 120 of the petaloid type is seated in the bottle pocket 25 is determined by the petaloid-bottle lobe-bottom-­surface contact plane which is defined by lowermost points of the petaloid lobe receptacles 50 formed in the pocket base sheet 48. Since the petaloid-bottle lobe-bottom-surface contact plane is lower than the base-cup-bottle annular-­bottom-surface contact plane, PET bottles of the petaloid type, as shown in Fig. 2B, are seated lower in the bottle pocket 25 than PET bottles of the base-cup type, as shown in Fig. 2A.
  • the dual-base-engagement projections 52 extend correspondingly further into the petaloid-lobe-separation notches 127 between the petaloid lobes measured relative to the petaloid-bottle support plane of the bottle than the projections 52 extend into the annular indentation 108 in the base cup 102 of PET bottles of the base-cup type measured relative to the base-cup-bottle support plane of the bottle.
  • the distance between the petaloid-bottle lobe-bottom-surface contact plane and the base-cup-bottle annular-bottom-surface contact plane is selected to permit the dual-base-engagement projections 52 to extend both substantially to the top of the annular indentation 108 in the base cup 102 of PET bottles of the base-cup type and substantially to the top of the petaloid-­lobe-separation notches 127 of PET bottles of the petaloid type.
  • a center-hole opening 62 passes through each of the three central top-sheet elements 20 of the top sheet 6.
  • the three center-hole openings 62 are essentially circular in shape and are located respectively concentric to the center vertices of the three pocket-­locating squares defined above.
  • the center-hole openings 62 may be used by automatic case-handling equipment in a bottling plant to position the case.
  • Surrounding each center-hole opening 62 is a center-hole rim 64. As shown best in Fig. 4, each center-hole rim 64 projects above the top surface of the central top-sheet element 20 of the top sheet 6.
  • Each center-hole rim 64 is connected to a hollow center tube 66 which extends from the top sheet 6 of the case 2 to the base plane of the case.
  • the center tube 66 generally tapers radially inwardly as it extends from the top sheet 6 of the case toward the base plane.
  • An interlock end 68 of the center tube 66 adjacent to the base plane of the case can fit within a center-hole rim 64 of a second case.
  • each center tube 66 is connected the following support elements: four contour ribs 36, a crosswise partition rib 34 and the lengthwise partition rib 32.
  • Each support element which is connected to a center tube 66 has an interlock notch 70 in its base edge located adjacent to the interlock end 68 of the center tube 66.
  • the interlock notches 70 are disposed in a circular arrangement about the interlock end 68 of the center tube 66 and are shaped to receive a center-hole rim 64.
  • the center-hole rims 64 of the lower case fit within the interlock notches 70 of the upper case to prevent the two cases from sliding with respect to another.
  • the thumb-grip tabs 28 on the lengthwise-edge top-sheet elements 21 of the lower case engage the inside lower edges of the lengthwise wall sections 8 of the upper case, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • a clearance gap 72 extends around a lower perimeter of the case 2 between a lower edge of the sidewall 4 and the base plane of the case.
  • the thumb-grip tabs 28 project above the top sheet 6 a distance greater than the height of the clearance gap 72 to permit the thumb-grip tabs 28 to engage inside lower edges of the lengthwise wall sections 8 of the upper case.
  • each crosswise wall section 10 has a hand-grip opening 74 passing through it.
  • Each hand-grip opening 74 extends upward from a lower edge of the crosswise wall section 10 which permits the opening to be formed in the wall section at the time the wall section is molded.
  • the hand-grip openings 74 are approximately centered with respect to a lengthwise midplane which bisects the case.
  • a finger-grip handle 76 is attached to an upper edge of each hand-grip opening 74 by a bendably thin strip of plastic. The finger-grip handle 76 can be molded in an orientation projecting outward from the crosswise wall section 10 and then bent to project generally inwardly of the case 2 in an in-use orientation.
  • Handle locking tabs 78 are attached to a cross rib 80 for locking the finger-grip handle 76 in the in-use orientation.
  • the finger-grip handle 76 has finger-tip depressions 82 formed in it so that a user can lift the case 2 comfortably by hand.
  • the handles or other features of the case could be molded separately.
  • the case could include six bottle pockets arranged in two parallel rows of three pockets each or some other number or arrangement of bottle pockets.
  • the petaloid-lobe-receptacle drainage slots in the pocket base sheet may have other shapes or be omitted altogether. It is recognized that these and other changes may be made in the case specifically described herein without departing from the scope and teaching of the instant invention, and it is intended to encompass all other embodiments, alternatives, and modifications consistent with the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Stackable Containers (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
EP86308966A 1985-11-15 1986-11-17 Flaschenkasten Withdrawn EP0224369A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79876285A 1985-11-15 1985-11-15
US798762 1985-11-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0224369A2 true EP0224369A2 (de) 1987-06-03
EP0224369A3 EP0224369A3 (de) 1988-01-07

Family

ID=25174198

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86308966A Withdrawn EP0224369A3 (de) 1985-11-15 1986-11-17 Flaschenkasten

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0224369A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS62168847A (de)
BR (1) BR8605638A (de)
CA (1) CA1269955C (de)
PT (1) PT83759A (de)
WO (1) WO1987002970A1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0383838A1 (de) * 1988-04-26 1990-08-29 Rehrig Pacific Co Stapelbarer flaschenträger niederer tiefe.
DE4337510A1 (de) * 1993-11-03 1995-05-04 Schoeller Plast Ag Flaschenträger für Kunststoffflaschen
EP0915021A1 (de) * 1997-11-10 1999-05-12 Metal Box South Africa Limited t/a Megapak Flaschenkasten
AU740800B2 (en) * 1998-07-07 2001-11-15 Nampak Products Limited A bottle crate
WO2018195240A1 (en) * 2017-04-20 2018-10-25 Access Business Group International Llc Pressure vessel for water treatment system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9201025A (nl) * 1992-06-10 1993-05-03 Wavin Bv Stapelbaar krat voor het opnemen van flessen.

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1982000989A1 (en) * 1980-09-17 1982-04-01 Container Systems Inc Int Case for beverage bottles

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4040517A (en) * 1975-12-08 1977-08-09 Scepter Manufacturing Company Limited Stacking case
US4373627A (en) * 1979-04-30 1983-02-15 The Mead Corporation Article carrier
US4548320A (en) * 1980-07-01 1985-10-22 Piper Industries Of Texas, Inc. Heavy-duty full-depth beverage case
US4360231A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-11-23 Liberty Glass Company Bottle carrier

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1982000989A1 (en) * 1980-09-17 1982-04-01 Container Systems Inc Int Case for beverage bottles

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0383838A1 (de) * 1988-04-26 1990-08-29 Rehrig Pacific Co Stapelbarer flaschenträger niederer tiefe.
EP0383838A4 (en) * 1988-04-26 1991-01-30 Rehrig Pacific Company Inc. Stackable low depth bottle case
DE4337510A1 (de) * 1993-11-03 1995-05-04 Schoeller Plast Ag Flaschenträger für Kunststoffflaschen
EP0915021A1 (de) * 1997-11-10 1999-05-12 Metal Box South Africa Limited t/a Megapak Flaschenkasten
AU738700B2 (en) * 1997-11-10 2001-09-27 Nampak Products Limited A crate
AU740800B2 (en) * 1998-07-07 2001-11-15 Nampak Products Limited A bottle crate
WO2018195240A1 (en) * 2017-04-20 2018-10-25 Access Business Group International Llc Pressure vessel for water treatment system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8605638A (pt) 1987-08-18
CA1269955A (en) 1990-06-05
CA1269955C (en) 1990-06-05
EP0224369A3 (de) 1988-01-07
WO1987002970A1 (en) 1987-05-21
JPS62168847A (ja) 1987-07-25
PT83759A (pt) 1987-06-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4700837A (en) Universal bottle case
US4700836A (en) Universal case for transporting bottles
US4344530A (en) Case for beverage bottles
EP1124730B1 (de) Stapelbarer flaschenträger niedriger tiefe
US4978002A (en) Cross-stacking bottle case
US5529176A (en) Stackable low depth tray
US5184748A (en) Low-depth nestable tray for fluid containers
US5495945A (en) Low depth nestable tray for bottles or the like
JP3081249B2 (ja) 積み重ね可能な深さの浅いボトルケース
US7086531B2 (en) Stackable low depth bottle case
WO1995031379A1 (en) Ergonomic container case
CA1269955A (en) Universal bottle case
WO1996040566A1 (en) Case with integral sidewall logo
EP0212874A2 (de) Universale Flaschenkisten
AU705846B2 (en) Stackable low depth bottle case

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19880708

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: HAMMETT, ROY