EP0224227B1 - Phase chopping control for operating a resistive charge connected to an ac network - Google Patents

Phase chopping control for operating a resistive charge connected to an ac network Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0224227B1
EP0224227B1 EP86116222A EP86116222A EP0224227B1 EP 0224227 B1 EP0224227 B1 EP 0224227B1 EP 86116222 A EP86116222 A EP 86116222A EP 86116222 A EP86116222 A EP 86116222A EP 0224227 B1 EP0224227 B1 EP 0224227B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
series
phase
chopping control
capacitor
voltage
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Expired
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EP86116222A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0224227A2 (en
EP0224227A3 (en
Inventor
Joachim Arlt
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Osram GmbH
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Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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Publication of EP0224227A3 publication Critical patent/EP0224227A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B39/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources
    • H05B39/04—Controlling
    • H05B39/08—Controlling by shifting phase of trigger voltage applied to gas-filled controlling tubes also in controlled semiconductor devices
    • H05B39/083—Controlling by shifting phase of trigger voltage applied to gas-filled controlling tubes also in controlled semiconductor devices by the variation-rate of light intensity

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a phase gating control for operating an ohmic load on AC line voltage, consisting of a triac connected in series with the ohmic load, an RC element parallel to the triac with a capacitor and a resistance block, the resistance block consisting of at least two lying in series Resistors is formed, and a diac, which is connected on the one hand to the connection point between the capacitor and the resistor block, and on the other hand to the grid of the triac.
  • a phase gating control is known from DE-A-2 611 553, in which the relative fluctuations in the effective voltage applied to the ohmic consumer do not at least exceed the relative fluctuations in the mains voltage. This is essentially achieved by additional components which are connected in parallel to the RC element and have the same voltage behavior as the RC element.
  • Another arrangement is known from US-A-4 535 025 in which an additional control circuit is connected in series to the RC element.
  • timing element formed from the capacitor and the resistor of the RC element adjacent to it is connected in parallel with a compensation element which has a voltage behavior opposite to that of the capacitor of the timing element, whereby the compensation element is connected directly to the AC mains voltage via a series-connected circuit for determining the impedance.
  • This circuit is characterized by a low heat loss. The fluctuations in the ignition timing are corrected very precisely by a relatively uncomplicated, inexpensive and space-saving measure.
  • the diac is a relatively simple component which is distinguished by a negative voltage behavior which is opposite to the capacitor of the timing element.
  • the compensation element In order for the compensation element to function reliably, it is necessary to connect two diacs in series, which ensures that the voltage built up on the capacitor of the timing element reaches the breakdown voltage of the diacs used to trigger the triacs.
  • the circuit for determining the impedance advantageously consists of the series connection of a series resistor and two Zener diodes which are poled in opposite directions to one another, since the required low-impedance impedance alone cannot be achieved with a series resistor.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable for incandescent lamps, where a constant effective output voltage is sought when a constant light intensity and a constant color temperature are of interest.
  • the components of the circuit according to the invention enable, in particular, use in the control of incandescent lamps which are originally designed for voltages lower than the available mains voltage with a usual tolerance range of ⁇ 10%.
  • a conventional phase control is shown in FIG. 1; circuit parts which are insignificant to the functional principle, such as interference suppression filters or overvoltage protection filters, have been omitted.
  • a triac Tr is connected in series to an ohmic consumer Ro, the ignition timing of which is determined by an RC element lying parallel to it and the switching behavior of which is determined by a trigger diac DT together with the capacitor of the RC element.
  • the capacitor C is charged via the resistor block R, formed from the two series resistors R 1 (controllable) and R2, with the time constant RC in each half-wave of the AC mains voltage present. If the charging voltage reaches the breakover voltage of the Diacs DT, the Diac DT switches through suddenly. As a result, a control current flows to the gate of the triac Tr, whereupon the triac Tr also switches through, so that voltage is present at the ohmic consumer Ro, here an incandescent lamp, until the end of the half-wave.
  • a 120 V / 300 W halogen incandescent lamp was operated at 220 V.
  • the RC element is composed of the capacitor C and the resistor block R, formed from the resistors R 1 (consisting of two partial resistors, one of which is adjustable) and R2.
  • the diac DT triggers the triac Tr according to the same principle as already described in FIG. 1.
  • the resistor R3 only serves to limit the ignition current.
  • the effective output voltage is stabilized via a compensation element K, which consists of two triacs D 1, D2, which are connected in parallel with the capacitor C via R1. This simple circuit arrangement can be made very compact and can therefore be integrated directly into the lamp.
  • the effect of the compensation element is based on the known negative voltage behavior of a diac, compared to the charging process of the timing element R1C that can be characterized as a positive voltage behavior.
  • a defined change in current via D1, D2 is required to compensate for changes in the mains voltage.
  • the control loop impedance determined from this is realized by the series connection of the compensation element K with a circuit Z which consists of a series resistor R4 corresponding to the impedance and two oppositely polarized Zener diodes Z1, Z2.
  • the magnitude of the Zener voltage is determined by the requirement that the necessary current for the center of the control range should flow via the nominal voltage and the nominal output power via K and Z.
  • the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 2 results in excellent stabilization of the luminous flux of the 120 V / 300 W halogen incandescent lamp, as shown in Table 2.
  • the components listed in Table 3 were used for the leading edge control. With a fluctuation in the mains voltage of ⁇ 10%, the fluctuation in the luminous flux is now significantly less than 1%.

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Phasenanschnittsteuerung zum Betrieb eines ohmschen Verbrauchers an Netzwechselspannung, bestehend aus einem mit dem ohmschen Verbraucher in Reihe geschalteten Triac, einem zum Triac parallelliegenden RC-Glied mit einem Kondensator und einem Widerstandsblock, wobei der Widerstandsblock aus mindestens zwei in Reihe liegenden Widerständen gebildet wird, und einem Diac, der zum einen an den Verbindungspunkt zwischen dem Kondensator und dem Widerstandsblock, zum andern an das Gitter des Triacs angeschlossen ist.The invention is based on a phase gating control for operating an ohmic load on AC line voltage, consisting of a triac connected in series with the ohmic load, an RC element parallel to the triac with a capacitor and a resistance block, the resistance block consisting of at least two lying in series Resistors is formed, and a diac, which is connected on the one hand to the connection point between the capacitor and the resistor block, and on the other hand to the grid of the triac.

Es ist allgemein bekannt, ohmsche Verbraucher mit Hilfe von Phasenanschnittsteuerungen zu regeln, die einen in Reihe geschalteten Triac verwenden, dem im wesentlichen ein RC-Glied parallelgeschaltet ist. Hierbei wird nur die wirklich benötigte Leistung dem Netz entnommen, die überschüssige Leistung wird also nicht als Verlustwärme in einem Vorwiderstand vernichtet (H. Böger, F. Kähler, G. Weigt: Bauelemente der Elektronik und ihre Grundschaltungen, Verlag H. Stamm, Köln, Band 1, 4. Auflage, S. 391/392, 1979). Diese Schaltungsanordnung wird insbesondere häufig bei elektrisch betriebenen Heizungsanlagen, Kollektormotoren und Glühlampen angewendet. Ein Nachteil der bekannten Schaltungsanordnungen ist jedoch, daß die unvermeidlichen Schwankungen der Netzspannung überproportional große Schwankungen der effektiven, am ohmschen Verbraucher anliegenden Ausgangsspannung zur Folge haben.It is generally known to regulate ohmic loads with the aid of phase gating controls which use a triac connected in series, which essentially has an RC element connected in parallel. Only the power that is really required is taken from the network, so the excess power is not destroyed as heat loss in a series resistor (H. Böger, F. Kähler, G. Weigt: Components of electronics and their basic circuits, publisher H. Stamm, Cologne, Volume 1, 4th edition, pp. 391/392, 1979). This circuit arrangement is particularly often used in electrically operated heating systems, collector motors and incandescent lamps. A disadvantage of the known circuit arrangements, however, is that the unavoidable fluctuations in the mains voltage result in disproportionately large fluctuations in the effective output voltage applied to the ohmic consumer.

Aus der DE-A-2 611 553 ist eine Phasenanschnittsteuerung bekannt, bei der die relativen Schwankungen der effektiven, am ohmschen Verbraucher anliegenden Spannung zumindest nicht die relativen Schwankungen der Netzspannung übersteigen. Dies wird im wesentlichen durch zusätzliche Bauteile erzielt, die dem RC-Glied parallelgeschaltet sind und das gleiche Spannungsverhalten wie das RC-Glied aufweisen. Aus der US-A-4 535 025 ist eine andere Anordnung bekannt, bei der dem RC-Glied ein zusätzlicher Kontrollschaltkreis in Serie geschaltet ist.A phase gating control is known from DE-A-2 611 553, in which the relative fluctuations in the effective voltage applied to the ohmic consumer do not at least exceed the relative fluctuations in the mains voltage. This is essentially achieved by additional components which are connected in parallel to the RC element and have the same voltage behavior as the RC element. Another arrangement is known from US-A-4 535 025 in which an additional control circuit is connected in series to the RC element.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, bei Betriebsschaltungen, die eine Phasenanschnittsteuerung verwenden, die Konstanz der effektiven, am ohmschen Verbraucher anliegenden Ausgangsspannung relativ zu den unvermeidlichen Schwankungen der Netzspannung weiter zu verbessern.It is the object of the present invention to further improve the constancy of the effective output voltage applied to the ohmic load in relation to the inevitable fluctuations in the mains voltage in the case of operating circuits which use a phase gating control.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Phasenanschnittsteuerung mit den im Hauptanspruch genannten Merkmalen erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß dem aus dem Kondensator und dem ihm benachbarten Widerstand des RC-Gliedes gebildeten Zeitglied ein Kompensationsglied parallelgeschaltet ist, das ein im Vergleich zum Kondensator des Zeitgliedes entgegengesetztes Spannungsverhalten aufweist, wobei das Kompensationsglied über einen dazu in Reihe liegenden Schaltkreis zur Impedanzfestlegung direkt an die Netzwechselspannung angeschlossen ist. Diese Schaltung zeichnet sich durch eine geringe Verlustwärme aus. Die Schwankungen des Zündzeitpunktes werden durch eine relativ unkomplizierte, kostengünstige und platzsparende Maßnahme sehr genau korrigiert.This object is achieved according to the invention in a phase control with the features mentioned in the main claim in that the timing element formed from the capacitor and the resistor of the RC element adjacent to it is connected in parallel with a compensation element which has a voltage behavior opposite to that of the capacitor of the timing element, whereby the compensation element is connected directly to the AC mains voltage via a series-connected circuit for determining the impedance. This circuit is characterized by a low heat loss. The fluctuations in the ignition timing are corrected very precisely by a relatively uncomplicated, inexpensive and space-saving measure.

Ein verhältnismäßig einfaches Bauteil, das sich durch ein dem Kondensator des Zeitgliedes entgegengesetztes, also negatives Spannungsverhalten auszeichnet, ist der Diac. Für ein zuverlässiges Funktionieren des Kompensationsgliedes ist es dabei erforderlich, zwei Diacs in Reihe zu schalten, wodurch sichergestellt ist, daß die am Kondensator des Zeitgliedes aufgebaute Spannung die Durchbruchspannung des zum Triggern des Triacs eingesetzten Diacs erreicht.The diac is a relatively simple component which is distinguished by a negative voltage behavior which is opposite to the capacitor of the timing element. In order for the compensation element to function reliably, it is necessary to connect two diacs in series, which ensures that the voltage built up on the capacitor of the timing element reaches the breakdown voltage of the diacs used to trigger the triacs.

Vorteilhaft besteht der Schaltkreis zur Impedanzfestlegung aus der Reihenschaltung eines Vorwiderstands und zweier gegensinnig zueinander gepolter Zenerdioden, da mit einem Vorwiderstand allein die erforderliche niederohmige Impedanz nicht realisierbar ist.The circuit for determining the impedance advantageously consists of the series connection of a series resistor and two Zener diodes which are poled in opposite directions to one another, since the required low-impedance impedance alone cannot be achieved with a series resistor.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung ist insbesondere für Glühlampen geeignet, wo eine konstante effektive Ausgangsspannung dann angestrebt wird, wenn eine konstante Lichtstärke und eine konstante Farbtemperatur von Interesse sind.The circuit arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable for incandescent lamps, where a constant effective output voltage is sought when a constant light intensity and a constant color temperature are of interest.

Derartige Eigenschaften sind vor allem für Beleuchtungsanlagen in der Filmindustrie erwünscht. Die Bauelemente der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltung ermöglichen insbesondere den Einsatz bei der Regelung von Glühlampen, die ursprünglich für Spannungen kleiner als die zur Verfügung stehende Netzspannung mit üblicher Toleranzbreite ± 10% ausgelegt sind.Such properties are particularly desirable for lighting systems in the film industry. The components of the circuit according to the invention enable, in particular, use in the control of incandescent lamps which are originally designed for voltages lower than the available mains voltage with a usual tolerance range of ± 10%.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 das Prinzip einer konventionellen Phasenanschnittsteuerung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Schaltungsanordnung mit einer Phasenanschnittsteuerung, die ein Kompensationsglied aufweist.
The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. It shows:
  • 1 shows the principle of a conventional phase control,
  • Fig. 2 shows a circuit arrangement with a phase control, which has a compensation element.

In Figur 1 ist eine konventionelle Phasenanschnittsteuerung dargestellt, für das Funktionsprinzip unwesentliche Schaltungsteile, wie Entstörfilter oder Überspannungsschutzfilter, sind weggelassen. Einem ohmschen Verbraucher Ro ist dabei ein Triac Tr in Reihe geschaltet, dessen Zündzeitpunkt durch ein parallel zu ihm liegendes RC-Glied und dessen Durchschaltverhalten durch ein Triggerdiac DT zusammen mit dem Kondensator des RC-Gliedes bestimmt ist.A conventional phase control is shown in FIG. 1; circuit parts which are insignificant to the functional principle, such as interference suppression filters or overvoltage protection filters, have been omitted. A triac Tr is connected in series to an ohmic consumer Ro, the ignition timing of which is determined by an RC element lying parallel to it and the switching behavior of which is determined by a trigger diac DT together with the capacitor of the RC element.

Der Kondensator C wird über den Widerstandsblock R, gebildet aus den beiden in Reihe liegenden Widerständen R 1 (regelbar) und R2, in jeder Halbwelle der anliegenden Netzwechselspannung mit der Zeitkonstanten RC geladen. Erreicht die Ladespannung dabei die Kippspannung des Diacs DT, so schaltet der Diac DT schlagartig durch. Infolgedessen fließt ein Steuerstrom auf das Gate des Triacs Tr, worauf auch der Triac Tr durchschaltet, so daß bis zum Ende der Halbwelle Spannung am ohmschen Verbraucher Ro, hier eine Glühlampe, anliegt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel wurde eine 120 V/300 W-Halogenglühlampe, wie sie in Projektoren eingesetzt wird, an 220 V betrieben. Die naheliegende Lösung, zwei derartige Halogenglühlampen in Reihe zu schalten, führt wegen der hohen Belastung einer der Wendeln beim Einschalten zum baldigen Ausfall einer der Lampen. Beim Betrieb an 220 V Netzspannung mit einer konventionellen Phasenanschnittsteuerung gemäß der Figur 1 zeigt sich, daß bei den zulässigen Netzspannungschwankungen von ± 10% eine Schwankung des Lichtstroms von mehr als 50% (vgl. Tab. 1) auftritt.

Figure imgb0001
The capacitor C is charged via the resistor block R, formed from the two series resistors R 1 (controllable) and R2, with the time constant RC in each half-wave of the AC mains voltage present. If the charging voltage reaches the breakover voltage of the Diacs DT, the Diac DT switches through suddenly. As a result, a control current flows to the gate of the triac Tr, whereupon the triac Tr also switches through, so that voltage is present at the ohmic consumer Ro, here an incandescent lamp, until the end of the half-wave. In the exemplary embodiment, a 120 V / 300 W halogen incandescent lamp, as used in projectors, was operated at 220 V. The obvious solution to connect two such halogen light bulbs in series leads to the early failure of one of the lamps because of the high load on one of the filaments when switched on. When operating on 220 V mains voltage with A conventional phase angle control according to FIG. 1 shows that with the permissible mains voltage fluctuations of ± 10%, the luminous flux fluctuates by more than 50% (cf. Table 1).
Figure imgb0001

Dieses überproportionale Verhalten erklärt sich dadurch, daß bei Amplitudenschwankungen der Netzspannung sich nicht nur die Amplitude der Ausgangsspannung entsprechend ändert, sondern - bedingt durch den sich hierbei ebenfalls verändernden Strom im RC-Glied - auch der Schaltwinkel des Triacs Tr. Je größer der Schaltwinkel ist, desto mehr ändert sich die effektive Ausgangsspannung relativ zur Netzspannungsänderung. Eine konstante Lichtstärke erfordert eine konstante effektive Ausgangsspannung. Sie ließe sich unter der Voraussetzung einer konstanten Amplitude der Netzspannung dann erhalten, wenn es gelänge, den Schaltwinkel durch ständige Kompensation der Abweichungen konstant zu halten. Im Betrieb sind jedoch Amplitudenschwankungen der Netzspannung unvermeidlich. Dieses Problem kann mit einer einfachen, jedoch außerordentlich wirksamen Maßnahme gelöst werden, indem die Abweichungen des Schaltwinkels nicht nur kompensiert, sondern in entsprechendem Maße überkompensiert werden.This disproportionate behavior can be explained by the fact that not only does the amplitude of the output voltage change accordingly in the event of fluctuations in the mains voltage, but also - due to the current also changing in the RC element - the switching angle of the triac Tr. The larger the switching angle, the more the effective output voltage changes relative to the mains voltage change. A constant light intensity requires a constant effective output voltage. Under the assumption of a constant amplitude of the mains voltage, it could be obtained if the switching angle could be kept constant by constantly compensating for the deviations. However, fluctuations in mains voltage amplitude are unavoidable during operation. This problem can be solved with a simple, but extremely effective measure, in that the deviations in the switching angle are not only compensated, but are overcompensated accordingly.

Eine Schaltungsanordnung, die dieses Ziel erreicht, ist in Figur 2 angegeben. Das RC-Glied setzt sich zusammen aus dem Kondensator C und dem Widerstandsblock R, gebildet aus den Widerständen R 1 (bestehend aus zwei Teilwiderständen, von denen einer regelbar ist) und R2. Der Diac DT triggert den Triac Tr nach dem gleichen Prinzip wie in Figur 1 bereits beschrieben.A circuit arrangement that achieves this goal is shown in FIG. The RC element is composed of the capacitor C and the resistor block R, formed from the resistors R 1 (consisting of two partial resistors, one of which is adjustable) and R2. The diac DT triggers the triac Tr according to the same principle as already described in FIG. 1.

Der Widerstand R3 dient lediglich zur Begrenzung des Zündstroms. Die Stabilisierung der effektiven Ausgangsspannung erfolgt über ein Kompensationsglied K, das aus zwei Triacs D 1, D2 besteht, die über R1 dem KondensatorC parallelgeschaltetsind. Diese einfache Schaltungsanordnung läßt sich sehr kompakt ausführen und kann daher direkt in die Leuchte integriert werden.The resistor R3 only serves to limit the ignition current. The effective output voltage is stabilized via a compensation element K, which consists of two triacs D 1, D2, which are connected in parallel with the capacitor C via R1. This simple circuit arrangement can be made very compact and can therefore be integrated directly into the lamp.

Die Wirkung des Kompensationsgliedes beruht auf dem bekannten negativen Spannungsverhalten eines Diacs, verglichen mit dem als positives Spannungsverhalten charakterisierbaren Aufladevorgang des Zeitgliedes R1C. Zur Kompensation der Netzspannungsänderungen ist eine definierte Stromänderung über D1, D2 erforderlich. Die hieraus bestimmte Regelkreisimpedanz wird durch die Reihenschaltung des Kompensationsgliedes K mit einem Schaltkreis Z realisiert, der aus einem der Impedanz entsprechenden Vorwiderstand R4 und zwei gegensinnig gepolten Zenerdioden Z1, Z2 besteht. Die Größe der Zenerspannung wird dabei durch die Forderung bestimmt, daß bei der Netznennspannung und der Nennausgangsleistung über K und Z der nötige Strom für die Mitte des Regelbereiches fließen soll.The effect of the compensation element is based on the known negative voltage behavior of a diac, compared to the charging process of the timing element R1C that can be characterized as a positive voltage behavior. A defined change in current via D1, D2 is required to compensate for changes in the mains voltage. The control loop impedance determined from this is realized by the series connection of the compensation element K with a circuit Z which consists of a series resistor R4 corresponding to the impedance and two oppositely polarized Zener diodes Z1, Z2. The magnitude of the Zener voltage is determined by the requirement that the necessary current for the center of the control range should flow via the nominal voltage and the nominal output power via K and Z.

Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0002

Mit der Schaltungsanordnung nach Figur 2 ergibt sich eine ausgezeichnete Stabilisierung des Lichtstroms der 120 V/300 W-Halogenglühlampe, wie Tab. 2 verdeutlicht. Hierbei wurden für die Phasenanschnittsteuerung die in der Tabelle 3 aufgeführten Bauteile verwendet. Bei einer Schwankung der Netzspannung von ± 10% liegt die Schwankung des Lichtstroms jetzt deutlich unter 1 %.

Figure imgb0003
The circuit arrangement according to FIG. 2 results in excellent stabilization of the luminous flux of the 120 V / 300 W halogen incandescent lamp, as shown in Table 2. The components listed in Table 3 were used for the leading edge control. With a fluctuation in the mains voltage of ± 10%, the fluctuation in the luminous flux is now significantly less than 1%.
Figure imgb0003

Claims (5)

1. A phase-chopping control unit for the operation of a resistive load connected to an a.c. mains voltage, comprising a triac (Tr) connected in series with the resistive load (Ro), an RC element connected in parallel to the triac (Tr), and consisting of a capacitor (C) and a resistance chain (R) formed by at least two series-connected resistors (R 1, R2), and a diac (DT) connected between the junction point of the capacitor (C) to the resistance chain (R), and to the grid of the triac (Tr), characterised in that the timer which is formed by the capacitor (C) and the adjacent resistor (R 1) is connected in parallel to a compensating element (K) which has a voltage characteristic which is opposed to that of the capacitor (C) of the timer, where the compensating element (K) is directly connected to the a.c. mains voltage via a series-connected circuit (Z) which determines the impedance.
2. A phase-chopping control unit as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the compensating element (K) comprises at least two series-connected diacs (D1, D2).
3. A phase-chopping control unit as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the circuit (Z) which determines the impedance comprises the series arrangement of a series resistor (R4) and two Zener diodes (Z1, Z2), where the Zener diodes (Z1, Z2) have opposing polarities.
4. A phase-chopping control unit as claimed in one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the resistive load (Ro) is an electric lamp.
5. A phase-chopping control unit as claimed in Claim 4, characterised in that the electric lamp is originally designed for operation at a voltage below the available mains voltage.
EP86116222A 1985-11-26 1986-11-22 Phase chopping control for operating a resistive charge connected to an ac network Expired EP0224227B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853541771 DE3541771A1 (en) 1985-11-26 1985-11-26 PHASE CONTROL FOR THE OPERATION OF A RESISTANT CONSUMER ON AC POWER
DE3541771 1985-11-26

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EP0224227A2 EP0224227A2 (en) 1987-06-03
EP0224227A3 EP0224227A3 (en) 1987-10-14
EP0224227B1 true EP0224227B1 (en) 1989-05-03

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EP86116222A Expired EP0224227B1 (en) 1985-11-26 1986-11-22 Phase chopping control for operating a resistive charge connected to an ac network

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2322945A (en) * 1997-03-08 1998-09-09 Appliance Control Technology E A power supply for an electrical appliance control
DE10014932C1 (en) * 2000-03-20 2002-01-17 Spectrometrix Optoelectronic S Pulsed operating device for incandescent lamp uses phase-synchronized control of 2 triacs connected in series with incandescent lamp

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JPS51109452A (en) * 1975-03-20 1976-09-28 Olympus Optical Co
US4353025A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-10-05 Hybrinetics, Inc. Phase controlled voltage reducing circuit having line voltage compensation

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DE3663217D1 (en) 1989-06-08
DE3541771A1 (en) 1987-05-27
EP0224227A2 (en) 1987-06-03
EP0224227A3 (en) 1987-10-14

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