EP0223902B1 - Set of at least two superposable building bricks - Google Patents

Set of at least two superposable building bricks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0223902B1
EP0223902B1 EP86105707A EP86105707A EP0223902B1 EP 0223902 B1 EP0223902 B1 EP 0223902B1 EP 86105707 A EP86105707 A EP 86105707A EP 86105707 A EP86105707 A EP 86105707A EP 0223902 B1 EP0223902 B1 EP 0223902B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
bearing surface
bricks
soft
bearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP86105707A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0223902A1 (en
Inventor
Dieter H. Hergott
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KLB KLIMALEICHTBLOCK GMBH TE NEUWIED, BONDSREPUBLI
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KLB KLIMALEICHTBLOCK VERTRIEBS GmbH
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Priority to AT86105707T priority Critical patent/ATE54982T1/en
Publication of EP0223902A1 publication Critical patent/EP0223902A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0247—Strips or bars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a kit for producing a dry wall, consisting of at least two bricks to be arranged one above the other, each brick having at least one bearing surface which is assigned to the bearing surface of the other brick.
  • Such bricks or dry stone are known from DE-OS 27 39 017.
  • grooves are formed in the bearing surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the wall, into each of which two strips connecting the superimposed bricks are inserted. So that thrust forces can also be absorbed by the drywall, the strips inserted into the grooves must have practically no play, which makes it difficult to place the bricks on top of one another.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of simplifying a kit of the type mentioned in such a way that it is easier to handle while saving costs.
  • the bearing surfaces have a planar, but nevertheless porous and / or partially soft surface in order to achieve an essentially flat surface such that hard stone material of a bearing surface in the pores and / or soft spots is in each case when the bricks are placed one on top of the other the other bearing surface claws.
  • the comparatively harder stone material can be formed by aggregate grains as well as by binders as well as by the stone material itself (e.g. in gas concrete blocks, porous bricks, etc.).
  • the bearing surfaces of the bricks are designed in such a way that a positive connection is established even between light, stacked stones.
  • the surface of the bearing surfaces is deliberately partially soft and porous. In this way, firmer components of the other storage area can press into the surface.
  • a flat support in the sense of the invention is understood to mean that the bearing surfaces assigned to one another have a large number of point contacts with one another, which are arranged statistically uniformly distributed over the entire bearing surface.
  • the firmer, but smaller in cross-section, binder constituents of the masonry located between the aggregate grains are positively pressed into the pores or soft spots of the other bearing surface when the masonry stones are placed on top of one another, so that the connection is free of play. It is therefore important here that the flat bearing surfaces of the bricks have a porous surface and / or are of different hardness in the stone material.
  • the surfaces of the bearing surfaces can be partially soft and porous in such a way that when the bricks are placed one on top of the other, rubbed aggregate material is pressed into the pores and / or soft spots of the bearing surfaces in the stacked state of the bricks and seals the bed joint.
  • the detached aggregate thus has a dual function.
  • the positive connection is strengthened, which further increases the resistance of a drywall according to the invention with regard to any lateral forces that may occur, and on the other hand, the abraded aggregate material also increases the sealing effect of the interlocking bearing surfaces.
  • a particular advantage of the bearing surfaces according to the invention is that any abrasion on the bearing surfaces surprisingly does not impair the masonry properties of the bricks. To achieve these advantages according to the invention it is sufficient e.g. that only the bearing surfaces consist of the binder-bound, soft, granular aggregate material.
  • the bricks can each consist of binder-bound, soft, granular aggregate material, which is significantly softer in comparison to the binder framework and e.g. consists of natural pumice, metallurgical pumice, gas concrete granulate or similar additives.
  • At least one bearing surface of a brick is machined.
  • the proportions of the soft spots are increased in the bearing surface processed in this way, while the frequency of the pores decreases.
  • the increase in the number of soft spots is essentially due to the fact that the aggregate grains are now partially cut open on the surface of the bearing surface.
  • a drywall is particularly advantageous he in which, as just described, a plan-machined bearing surface is assigned to a more porous bearing surface. This further improves the positive claw, since one bearing surface has more solid components and the other has more soft components.
  • the effective supporting surface between the two bearing surfaces is increased by pressing the solid components into the soft components, so that the pressure on the bearing surfaces decreases.
  • the grain size of the aggregate material is advantageously less than about 16 mm.
  • slots can be inserted into the bearing surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the bricks in such a way that a strip designed as a spring, which extends over the length of several bricks, into aligned slots of an upper and a lower one Storage area of bricks can be used.
  • binder from calcium silicate hydrates, e.g. B. cement stone.
  • the kit 1 comprises at least two bricks 2 arranged one above the other. For better understanding, more than two bricks 2 are shown in FIG.
  • the bricks 2 each consist of binder-bonded, soft, granular pumice material 11 (see FIG. 2).
  • Cement stone is used as a binder.
  • the bricks 2 have bearing surfaces 3 and 4 arranged at a distance from one another and plane-parallel to one another.
  • the stone also includes side surfaces 5 and 6 and abutting surfaces 7 and 8 that are plane-parallel to one another.
  • a bearing surface 3 of a brick 2 is assigned to a bearing surface 4 of the other brick 2.
  • the kit 1 is designed as a dry stone wall. To achieve this, the storage areas are. 3 and 4, as can be seen from FIG. 2 and in particular FIGS. 3 and 4, are planar, but the surface 9 or 10 of the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 is nevertheless porous and partially soft.
  • the bricks 2 placed one on top of the other are positively interlocked with one another in that the respective pumice material 11 of a bearing surface 3 or 4 is pressed into pores 12 or soft spots 13 of the other bearing surface.
  • FIG. 3 shows the surface 9 of a bearing surface 3 according to the first embodiment in a 5-fold enlargement.
  • This surface 9 is achieved in that the binder-bonded, soft, granular pumice material cures in a mold, without the resulting flat surface 9 being further processed.
  • the grainy pumice material 11 in the bearing surface 3 reaches up to the surface 9. This leaves 11 pores 12 and soft spots 13 between the grainy pumice material, which are also made of pumice, but less covered with binder, so that they are easier to press in.
  • FIG. 5 two superimposed bricks 2 are shown, the facing bearing surfaces 3 and 4 of which are designed with a surface 9, as shown in FIG. It can be clearly seen that the granular pumice material 14 is pressed into the pores 12 and the soft spots 13 of the other bearing surface 3 and 4, respectively. Rubbed pumice material, which is not shown in FIG. 5, is also pressed into the pores 12 and soft spots 13 of the adjacent bearing surfaces 3 and 4. As exaggeratedly shown in FIG. 5, the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 penetrate one another.
  • FIG. 4 also shows the surface 10 of a second embodiment of the bearing surface 3 in a 5-fold enlargement.
  • the surface 10 was achieved in that the bearing surface 3 after finishing the casting process and hardening of the stone was still flat machined, e.g. B. was face milled. This increases the proportion of soft spots 13 in the surface 10, while the proportion of the still granular pumice material 11 and the pores 12 decreases.
  • the soft spots 13 result from the fact that pumice grains now lie with a cut surface in the surface 10, so that these grains are no longer provided with a binder coating towards the surface 10.
  • FIG. 6 shows in an enlarged detail how two bricks 2 are dry-walled together when the lower brick 2 of a planed surface 10 according to FIG. 4 and the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper brick 2 have a surface 9 according to the first embodiment in FIG 3 has.
  • FIG. 6 also shows exaggeratedly how the two bearing surfaces 3 and 4 interlock to press. But it can be clearly seen that even more grainy pumice material 11 of the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper brick 2 are pressed into the soft spots 12 of the upper bearing surface 3 of the lower brick 2. As with the dry wall shown in FIG. 5, this results in a positive connection between the upper and lower brick 2. This positive locking acts in the surface direction, so that the stones are prevented from moving against each other. It is still possible to remove the stones.
  • the grain size of the pumice material 11 used is smaller than approximately 16 mm in the masonry blocks shown.
  • slots 14 and 15 running parallel to the side surfaces 5 and 6 can be machined both in the support surface 3 and in the support surface 4.
  • the slots 14 and 15 lie in a plane parallel to the side surfaces 5 and 6. If a layer of the bricks 2 is laid, a plastic strip 16 extending over the entire length of the wall can be inserted into the slot 15 of the upper bearing surface 3, which then protrudes over the surface 9 or 10 of the upper bearing surface 3. If a new layer of bricks is placed, the plastic strip 16 engages in the slots 14 of the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper brick 2.
  • the inserted plastic strip 16 essentially contributes to improving the sealing effect between the two bearing surfaces 3 and 4 of masonry stones 2 placed one on top of the other.
  • a lower layer of bricks 2 is first created.
  • the upper bearing surfaces 3 are aligned so that they are aligned.
  • a second layer of bricks 2 is then placed on the first layer of bricks 2, the grainy pumice material of the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper bricks being pressed into the surface, depending on the design 9 or 10.
  • the grainy pumice material of the upper bearing surface 3 of the lower bricks is also pressed into the surface 9 of the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper bricks 2. This creates a positive connection between the upper and lower brick, which counteracts a shift into the storage level.
  • Rubbed pumice material settles between the pores 12 or is pressed into the soft spots 13 and thus supports on the one hand the seal between the upper and the lower bricks 2 as well as their positive connection.
  • a plastic strip 16 in the lower layer of the bricks By inserting a plastic strip 16 in the lower layer of the bricks, the seal between the two layers of bricks can be additionally supported.
  • the butt joint can be designed without mortar in a conventional manner, preferably with tongue and groove teeth.
  • a stone material which is artificial e.g. is porosified by gas generators, foam or burnout substances.
  • the stone material itself forms a scaffold made of webs, which corresponds to the binder scaffold described in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the webs, which are aligned perpendicular to the bearing surface, can press into one another and cling to one another when two bricks are placed in pores and / or horizontal webs on the bearing surface of the other brick.
  • clay fired as stone material or calcium silicate hydrates hardened from lime and quartz under autoclave conditions can be considered.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)

Abstract

1. Building set for the production of a dry wall, consisting of at least two superposable building bricks (2) whereby each building brick has at least one bearing surface (3) which co-acts with the bearing surface of the corresponding other building brick, characterised in that the bearing surfaces (3, 4) have a plane and yet porous and/or partially soft surface (9, 10) so as to achieve a substantially flat seat in such a manner that the hard stone material (11) of one bearing surface (3 or 4 respectively) sealingly claws into the pores (12) and/or soft areas (13) of the corresponding other bearing surface (4 or 3 respectively).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Bausatz zum Herstellen einer Trockenmauer, bestehend aus mindestens zwei übereinander anzuordnenden Mauersteinen, wobei jeder Mauerstein mindestens eine Lagerfläche aufweist, die der Lagerfläche des jeweils anderen Mauersteins zugeordnet ist.The present invention relates to a kit for producing a dry wall, consisting of at least two bricks to be arranged one above the other, each brick having at least one bearing surface which is assigned to the bearing surface of the other brick.

Solche Mauersteine bzw. Trockenmauem sind aus der DE-OS 27 39 017 bekannt. Dort sind in den Lagerflächen in Längsrichtung der Mauer verlaufenden Nuten ausgebildet, in welche jeweils zwei übereinanderliegende Mauersteine verbindende Streifen eingelegt sind. Damit von der Trockenmauer auch Schubkräfte aufgenommen werden können, dürfen die in die Nuten eingelegten Streifen praktisch kein Spiel aufweisen, was das Aufeinandersetzen der Mauersteine erschwert.Such bricks or dry stone are known from DE-OS 27 39 017. There, grooves are formed in the bearing surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the wall, into each of which two strips connecting the superimposed bricks are inserted. So that thrust forces can also be absorbed by the drywall, the strips inserted into the grooves must have practically no play, which makes it difficult to place the bricks on top of one another.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Bausatz der eingangs erwähnten Art dahingehend zu vereinfachen, daß er unter Einsparung von Kosten einfacher zu handhaben ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of simplifying a kit of the type mentioned in such a way that it is easier to handle while saving costs.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Lagerflächen zur Erzielung eines im wesentlichen flächigen Aufliegens eine plan ausgebildete, aber dennoch poröse und/oder teilweise weiche Oberfläche derart aufweisen, daß sich bei aufeinandergesetzten Mauersteinen jeweils hartes Steinmaterial einer Lagerfläche in den Poren und/oder weichen Stellen der jeweils anderen Lagerfläche formschlüssig verkrallt. Das vergleichweise härtere Steinmaterial kann sowohl durch Zuschlagkömer wie auch durch Bindemittel wie auch durch das Steinmaterial selbst (z. B. bei Gasbetonsteinen, porosierten Ziegeln etc.) gebildet sein.This object is achieved in that the bearing surfaces have a planar, but nevertheless porous and / or partially soft surface in order to achieve an essentially flat surface such that hard stone material of a bearing surface in the pores and / or soft spots is in each case when the bricks are placed one on top of the other the other bearing surface claws. The comparatively harder stone material can be formed by aggregate grains as well as by binders as well as by the stone material itself (e.g. in gas concrete blocks, porous bricks, etc.).

Diese Lösung ist kostengünstig und erleichtert das Mauern von Wänden oder dergleichen im beachtlichen Maße. Die Mauersteine sind nun lediglich noch aufeinanderzusetzen, ohne daß zwischen die Lagerflächen Mörtel eingebracht werden muß. Das bedeutet eine große Zeitersparnis beim Mauem selbst, aber auch bei den Nebenarbeiten, da kein Mörtel angemischt und zur eigentlichen Arbeitsstelle gebracht werden muß.This solution is inexpensive and considerably facilitates the walling of walls or the like. The bricks are now only to be put on top of each other without the need to put mortar between the bearing surfaces. This saves a lot of time with the brickwork itself, but also with the additional work, since no mortar has to be mixed and taken to the actual work place.

An sich ist das Trockenmauem bereits seit Jahrtausenden bekannt. So wurden bereits bei den alten Ägyptern, aber auch bei den Römern monumentale Bauwerke lediglich durch Aufeinanderschichten von Natursteinen erbaut. Allerdings mußte das verwendete Steinmaterial zunächst an den Lagerflächen behauen werden, damit die einander zugeordneten Lagerflächen zweier Steine zusammenpaßten. Zudem wurden die Bauwerke durch mit Blei in Löchern ausgewählter Steine eingegossene Eisenklammern gesichert. Diese Art des Trockenmauerns eignet sich außerdem nur für bestimmte Bauwerke, da zwischen den aufeinandergesetzten Steinen lediglich ein Reibschluß besteht. Trockengemauerte Wände aus leichteren künstlich hergestellten Steinen weisen dann keine ausreichende Festigkeit gegenüber auf die Wand wirkenden Seitenkräften auf.In itself, drywall has been known for millennia. In the ancient Egyptians as well as in the Romans, monumental buildings were only built by stacking natural stones. However, the stone material used had to be hewn first on the bearing surfaces so that the associated bearing surfaces of two stones fit together. In addition, the structures were secured by iron clips cast with lead in selected stones. This type of dry stone walling is also only suitable for certain structures, since there is only a frictional connection between the stones placed on top of each other. Dry-brick walls made of lighter artificially produced stones then do not have sufficient strength against lateral forces acting on the wall.

Bei der Erfindung dagegen sind die Lagerflächen der Mauersteine derart ausgebildet, daß selbst zwischen leichten, aufeinandergeschichteten Steinen eine formschlüssige Verbindung zustandekommt. Um dies zu erreichen, ist die Oberfläche der Lagerflächen ganz bewußt teilweise weich und porös ausgebildet. So können sich festere Bestandteile der jeweils anderen Lagerfläche in die Oberfläche eindrücken. Unter einem flächigen Aufliegen im Sinne der Erfindung ist zu verstehen, daß die einander zugeordneten Lagerflächen eine Vielzahl von Punktberührungen miteinander aufweisen, welche statistisch gleichmäßig verteilt jeweils über die gesamte Lagerfläche angeordnet sind. Bei den nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung hergerichteten Steinen aus Zuschlagmaterial verhält es sich so, daß die festeren, aber im Querschnitt kleineren zwischen den Zuschlagkömern befindlichen Bindemittelbestandteile des Mauersteins beim Aufeinandersetzen der Mauersteine in die Poren bzw. weichen Stellen der jeweils anderen Lagerfläche formschlüssig eingedrückt werden, so daß die Verbindung spielfrei ist. Wichtig ist daher hierbei, daß die planen Lagerflächen der Mauersteine eine porige Oberfläche aufweisen und/oder im Steinmaterial unterschiedlich hart ausgebildet sind.In the case of the invention, on the other hand, the bearing surfaces of the bricks are designed in such a way that a positive connection is established even between light, stacked stones. In order to achieve this, the surface of the bearing surfaces is deliberately partially soft and porous. In this way, firmer components of the other storage area can press into the surface. A flat support in the sense of the invention is understood to mean that the bearing surfaces assigned to one another have a large number of point contacts with one another, which are arranged statistically uniformly distributed over the entire bearing surface. In the case of stones made of aggregate material prepared according to one embodiment of the invention, the firmer, but smaller in cross-section, binder constituents of the masonry located between the aggregate grains are positively pressed into the pores or soft spots of the other bearing surface when the masonry stones are placed on top of one another, so that the connection is free of play. It is therefore important here that the flat bearing surfaces of the bricks have a porous surface and / or are of different hardness in the stone material.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung können die Oberflächen der Lagerflächen teilweise weich und porös derart ausgebildet sein, daß beim Aufeinandersetzen der Mauersteine abgeriebenes Zuschlagmaterial in aufeinandergesetztem Zustand der Mauersteine in die Poren und/oder weichen Stellen der Lagerflächen eingedrückt ist und die Lagerfuge dichtet. Das abgelöste Zuschlagmaterial übt somit eine Doppelfunktion aus. Zum einem wird die formschlüssige Verbindung verstärkt, wodurch die Widerstandsfähigkeit einer erfindungsgemäßen Trockenmauer bezüglich etwaig auftretender Seitenkräfte weiter zunimmt, zum anderen wird durch das abgeriebene Zuschlagmaterial auch die Dichtwirkung der ineinander verkrallten Lagerflächen verstärkt. Ein besonderer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lagerflächen besteht eben darin, daß ein etwaiger Abrieb an den Lagerflächen überraschenderweise die Vermauerungseigenschaften der Mauersteine nicht verschlechtert. Zum Erzielen dieser erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile reicht es z.B. aus, daß lediglich die Lagerflächen aus dem bindemittelverbundenen, weichen, körnigen Zuschlagmaterial bestehen.According to a development of the invention, the surfaces of the bearing surfaces can be partially soft and porous in such a way that when the bricks are placed one on top of the other, rubbed aggregate material is pressed into the pores and / or soft spots of the bearing surfaces in the stacked state of the bricks and seals the bed joint. The detached aggregate thus has a dual function. On the one hand, the positive connection is strengthened, which further increases the resistance of a drywall according to the invention with regard to any lateral forces that may occur, and on the other hand, the abraded aggregate material also increases the sealing effect of the interlocking bearing surfaces. A particular advantage of the bearing surfaces according to the invention is that any abrasion on the bearing surfaces surprisingly does not impair the masonry properties of the bricks. To achieve these advantages according to the invention it is sufficient e.g. that only the bearing surfaces consist of the binder-bound, soft, granular aggregate material.

Entsprechend einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform können die Mauersteine jeweils aus bindemittelverbundenem, weichem, körnigem Zuschlagmaterial bestehen, das im Vergleich zum Bindemittelgerüst deutlich weicher ist und z.B. aus Naturbims, Hüttenbims, Gasbeton-Granulat oder ähnlichen Zuschlagsstoffen besteht.According to a preferred embodiment, the bricks can each consist of binder-bound, soft, granular aggregate material, which is significantly softer in comparison to the binder framework and e.g. consists of natural pumice, metallurgical pumice, gas concrete granulate or similar additives.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist jeweils mindestens eine Lagerfläche eines Mauersteines planbearbeitet ausgebildet. Auf diese Weise werden in der so bearbeiteten Lagerfläche die Anteile der weichen Stellen erhöht, während die Häufigkeit der Poren zurückgeht. Die Erhöhung der Anzahl der weichen Stellen beruht im wesentlichen darauf, daß die Zuschlagkörner nun teilweise aufgeschnitten an der Oberfläche der Lagerfläche liegen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Trockenmauer, bei welcher eine, wie eben beschrieben, planbearbeitete Lagerfläche einer mehr porösen Lagerfläche zugeordnet ist. Dadurch wird die formschlüssige Verkrallung noch weiter verbessert, da die eine Lagerfläche mehr Festbestandteile und die andere mehr weiche Bestandteile aufweist. Gleichzeitig wird durch das Ineinanderdrücken der festen in die weichen Bestandteile die wirksame Tragfläche zwischen den beiden Lagerflächen vergrößert, so daß die Druckbeanspruchung der Lagerflächen abnimmt.According to a further embodiment, at least one bearing surface of a brick is machined. In this way, the proportions of the soft spots are increased in the bearing surface processed in this way, while the frequency of the pores decreases. The increase in the number of soft spots is essentially due to the fact that the aggregate grains are now partially cut open on the surface of the bearing surface. A drywall is particularly advantageous he in which, as just described, a plan-machined bearing surface is assigned to a more porous bearing surface. This further improves the positive claw, since one bearing surface has more solid components and the other has more soft components. At the same time, the effective supporting surface between the two bearing surfaces is increased by pressing the solid components into the soft components, so that the pressure on the bearing surfaces decreases.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die Korngröße des Zuschlagmaterials kleiner als etwa 16 mm.The grain size of the aggregate material is advantageously less than about 16 mm.

Obwohl das abgeriebene Zuschlagmaterial bereits eine gute Abdichtung der Lagerfuge bewirkt, können in Längsrichtung der Mauersteine in die Lagerflächen Schlitze derart eingelassen sein, daß ein als Feder ausgebildeter Streifen, welcher sich über die Länge mehrerer Mauersteine erstreckt, in miteinander fluchtende Schlitze einer oberen und einer unteren Lagerfläche von Mauersteinen einsetzbar ist.Although the abraded aggregate material already provides a good seal of the bed joint, slots can be inserted into the bearing surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the bricks in such a way that a strip designed as a spring, which extends over the length of several bricks, into aligned slots of an upper and a lower one Storage area of bricks can be used.

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn das Bindemittel aus Caiciumsilikathydraten, z. B. Zementstein besteht.It is advantageous if the binder from calcium silicate hydrates, e.g. B. cement stone.

Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 in einer Seitenansicht einen erfindungsgemäßen Bausatz mit im Verband trocken aufeinandergeschichteten Mauersteinen,
  • Figur 2 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht einen erfindungsgemäßen Mauerstein,
  • Figur 3 in einer vergrößerten Draufsicht eine Detailansicht 111 einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Lagerfläche des Mauersteines aus Figur 2,
  • Figur 4 in einer vergrößerten Draufsicht, ähnlich wie in Figur 3, eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Lagerfläche,
  • Figur 5 in einer vergrößerten Seitenansicht das Detail V aus der Figur 1 und
  • Figur 6 in einer vergrößerten Seitenansicht das Detail VI aus der Figur 1.
Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a kit according to the invention with masonry stones stacked dry on top of one another in a bandage
  • FIG. 2 shows a brick according to the invention in a perspective view,
  • 3 shows an enlarged top view of a detailed view 111 of a first embodiment of a bearing surface of the brick from FIG. 2,
  • 4 shows an enlarged top view, similar to FIG. 3, of a second embodiment of a bearing surface according to the invention,
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged side view of detail V from FIGS. 1 and
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged side view of detail VI from FIG. 1.

Wie aus der Figur 1 zu erkennen ist, umfaßt der Bausatz 1 mindestens zwei übereinander angeordnete Mauersteine 2. Zum besseren Verständnis sind in der Figur 1 mehr als zwei Mauersteine 2 dargestellt.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the kit 1 comprises at least two bricks 2 arranged one above the other. For better understanding, more than two bricks 2 are shown in FIG.

Bei dem hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel bestehen die Mauersteine 2 jeweils aus bindemittelverbundenem, weichem, kömigem Bimsmaterial 11 (vergleiche Figur 2). Als Bindemittel wird Zementstein verwendet.In the embodiment shown here, the bricks 2 each consist of binder-bonded, soft, granular pumice material 11 (see FIG. 2). Cement stone is used as a binder.

Die Mauersteine 2 weisen mit Abstand voneinander und planparallel zueinander angeordnete Lagerflächen 3 und 4 auf. Daneben umfaßt der Stein ebenfalls zueinander planparallele Seitenflächen 5 und 6 und Stoßflächen 7 und 8. Wie aus der Figur 1 zu ersehen ist, ist jeweils eine Lagerfläche 3 eines Mauersteins 2 einer Lagerfläche 4 des jeweils anderen Mauersteines 2 zugeordnet. Der Bausatz 1 ist als Trockenmauer ausgebildet. Um dies zu erreichen, sind die Lagerflächen. 3 und 4,wie aus der Figur 2 und insbesondere den Figuren 3 und 4 ersichtlich ist, plan ausgebildet, wobei aber dennoch die Oberfläche 9 bzw. 10 der Lagerflächen 3 und 4 porös und teilweise weich ausgebildet ist.The bricks 2 have bearing surfaces 3 and 4 arranged at a distance from one another and plane-parallel to one another. In addition, the stone also includes side surfaces 5 and 6 and abutting surfaces 7 and 8 that are plane-parallel to one another. As can be seen from FIG. 1, a bearing surface 3 of a brick 2 is assigned to a bearing surface 4 of the other brick 2. The kit 1 is designed as a dry stone wall. To achieve this, the storage areas are. 3 and 4, as can be seen from FIG. 2 and in particular FIGS. 3 and 4, are planar, but the surface 9 or 10 of the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 is nevertheless porous and partially soft.

Wie aus den Figuren 5 und 6 ersichtlich ist, sind die aufeinandergesetzten Mauersteine 2 dadurch formschlüssig miteinander verkrallt, daß sich das jeweils kömige Bimsmaterial 11 einer Lagerfläche 3 bzw. 4 in Poren 12 oder weichen Stellen 13 der jeweils anderen Lagerfläche eindrückt.As can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, the bricks 2 placed one on top of the other are positively interlocked with one another in that the respective pumice material 11 of a bearing surface 3 or 4 is pressed into pores 12 or soft spots 13 of the other bearing surface.

Darüber hinaus ist zu erkennen, daß sich die durch das Bindemittel verfestigten Bimsränder in das weiche Zuschlagmaterial eindrücken und dadurch verkrallen.In addition, it can be seen that the pumice edges solidified by the binder press into the soft aggregate material and thereby claw.

Die Figur 3 zeigt in 5facher Vergrößerung die Oberfläche 9 einer Lagerfläche 3 gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform. Diese Oberfläche 9 wird dadurch erreicht, daß das bindemittelverbundene, weiche, kömige Bimsmaterial in einer Form vergossen aushärtet, ohne daß die dabei entstehende, plane Oberfläche 9 noch weiter bearbeitet wird. Es ist zu erkennen, daß das kömige Bimsmaterial 11 in der Lagerfläche 3 bis an die Oberfläche 9 heranreicht. Dabei verbleiben zwichen dem kömigen Bimsmaterial 11 Poren 12 und weiche Stellen 13, welche ebenfalls aus Bims ausgebildet sind, jedoch weniger mit Bindemittel bedeckt, so daß sie leichter eindrückbar sind.FIG. 3 shows the surface 9 of a bearing surface 3 according to the first embodiment in a 5-fold enlargement. This surface 9 is achieved in that the binder-bonded, soft, granular pumice material cures in a mold, without the resulting flat surface 9 being further processed. It can be seen that the grainy pumice material 11 in the bearing surface 3 reaches up to the surface 9. This leaves 11 pores 12 and soft spots 13 between the grainy pumice material, which are also made of pumice, but less covered with binder, so that they are easier to press in.

In dem Ausschnitt in Figur 5 sind zwei aufeinandergelegte Mauersteine 2 dargestellt, deren einander zugewandten Lagerflächen 3 und 4 mit einer Oberfläche 9 ausgebildet sind, wie sie in der Figur 3 dargestellt ist. Es ist deutlich zu erkennen, daß sich das körnige Bimsmaterial 14 in die Poren 12 und die weichen Stellen 13 der jeweils anderen Lagerfläche 3 bzw. 4 eindrückt. Abgeriebenes Bimsmaterial, welches in der Figur 5 nicht dargestellt ist, drückt sich ebenso in die Poren 12 und weichen Stellen 13 der aneinandergrenzenden Lagerflächen 3 und 4 ein. Wie in der Figur 5 übertrieben stark dargestellt ist, dringen die Lagerflächen 3 und 4 ineinander.In the detail in FIG. 5, two superimposed bricks 2 are shown, the facing bearing surfaces 3 and 4 of which are designed with a surface 9, as shown in FIG. It can be clearly seen that the granular pumice material 14 is pressed into the pores 12 and the soft spots 13 of the other bearing surface 3 and 4, respectively. Rubbed pumice material, which is not shown in FIG. 5, is also pressed into the pores 12 and soft spots 13 of the adjacent bearing surfaces 3 and 4. As exaggeratedly shown in FIG. 5, the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 penetrate one another.

In der Figur 4 ist ebenfalls in 5facher Vergrößerung die Oberfläche 10 einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Lagerfläche 3 dargestellt. Die Oberfläche 10 wurde dadurch erreicht, daß die Lagerfläche 3 nach abgeschlossenem Gießvorgang und Aushärten des Steines noch planbearbeitet, z. B. plangefräst wurde. Dadurch erhöht sich der Anteil der weichen Stellen 13 in der Oberfläche 10, während der Anteil des noch körnigen Bimsmaterials 11 und der Poren 12 geringer wird. Die weichen Stellen 13 entstehen dadurch, daß Bimskörner nun mit einer aufgeschnittenen Fläche in der Oberfläche 10 liegen, so daß diese Kömer zur Oberfläche 10 hin nicht mehr mit einem Bindemittelüberzug versehen sind.FIG. 4 also shows the surface 10 of a second embodiment of the bearing surface 3 in a 5-fold enlargement. The surface 10 was achieved in that the bearing surface 3 after finishing the casting process and hardening of the stone was still flat machined, e.g. B. was face milled. This increases the proportion of soft spots 13 in the surface 10, while the proportion of the still granular pumice material 11 and the pores 12 decreases. The soft spots 13 result from the fact that pumice grains now lie with a cut surface in the surface 10, so that these grains are no longer provided with a binder coating towards the surface 10.

In der Figur 6 ist in einem vergrößerten Ausschnitt dargestellt, wie zwei Mauersteine 2 miteinander trockenvermauert sind, wenn der untere Mauerstein 2 einer planbearbeitete Oberfläche 10 entsprechend der Figur 4 und die untere Lagerfläche 4 des oberen Mauersteines 2 eine Oberfläche 9 gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform in Figur 3 aufweist.FIG. 6 shows in an enlarged detail how two bricks 2 are dry-walled together when the lower brick 2 of a planed surface 10 according to FIG. 4 and the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper brick 2 have a surface 9 according to the first embodiment in FIG 3 has.

Auch in der Figur 6 ist übertrieben dargestellt, wie sich die beiden Lagerflächen 3 und 4 ineinanderdrücken. Es ist aber deutlich erkennbar, daß noch mehr kömiges Bimsmateria) 11 der unteren Lagerfläche 4 des oberen Mauersteines 2 in die weichen Stellen 12 der oberen Lagerfläche 3 des unteren Mauersteines 2 eingedrückt werden. Dadurch kommt ebenso wie bei der in Figur 5 gezeigten Trockenmauer eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Mauerstein 2 zustande. Dieser Formschluß wirkt in Oberflächenrichtung, so daß ein Verschieben der Steine gegeneinander verhindert wird. Ein Abnehmen der Steine ist gleichwohl möglich.FIG. 6 also shows exaggeratedly how the two bearing surfaces 3 and 4 interlock to press. But it can be clearly seen that even more grainy pumice material 11 of the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper brick 2 are pressed into the soft spots 12 of the upper bearing surface 3 of the lower brick 2. As with the dry wall shown in FIG. 5, this results in a positive connection between the upper and lower brick 2. This positive locking acts in the surface direction, so that the stones are prevented from moving against each other. It is still possible to remove the stones.

Die Komgröße des verwendeten Bimsmaterials 11 ist bei den dargestellten Mauersteinen kleiner als etwa 16 mm.The grain size of the pumice material 11 used is smaller than approximately 16 mm in the masonry blocks shown.

Wie aus der Figur 2 noch zu entnehmen ist, können sowohl in der Auflagefläche 3 als auch in der Auflagefläche 4 parallel zu den Seitenflächen 5 bzw. 6 verlaufende Schlitze 14 bzw. 15 eingearbeitet sein. Die Schlitze 14 und 15 liegen in einer zu den Seitenflächen 5 und 6 parallelen Ebene. Wenn eine Lage der Mauersteine 2 gelegt ist, kann in den Schlitz 15 der oberen Lagerfläche 3 ein sich über die gesamte Länge der Mauer erstreckender Kunststoffstreifen 16 eingelegt werden, welcher dann über die Oberfläche 9 bzw. 10 der oberen Lagerfläche 3 übersteht. Wird eine neue Lage Mauersteine aufgelegt, so greift der Kunststoffstreifen 16 in die Schlitze 14 der unteren Lagerfläche 4 des oberen Mauersteines 2 ein. Der eingelegte Kunststoffstreifen 16 trägt im wesentlichen zur Verbesserung der Dichtwirkung zwischen den beiden Lagerflächen 3 und 4 von aufeinandergelegten Mauersteinen 2 bei.As can also be seen from FIG. 2, slots 14 and 15 running parallel to the side surfaces 5 and 6 can be machined both in the support surface 3 and in the support surface 4. The slots 14 and 15 lie in a plane parallel to the side surfaces 5 and 6. If a layer of the bricks 2 is laid, a plastic strip 16 extending over the entire length of the wall can be inserted into the slot 15 of the upper bearing surface 3, which then protrudes over the surface 9 or 10 of the upper bearing surface 3. If a new layer of bricks is placed, the plastic strip 16 engages in the slots 14 of the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper brick 2. The inserted plastic strip 16 essentially contributes to improving the sealing effect between the two bearing surfaces 3 and 4 of masonry stones 2 placed one on top of the other.

Im folgenden wird kurz die Wirkungsweise der Erfindung erläutert.The mode of operation of the invention is briefly explained below.

Wird eine Mauer mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemä-Ben Bausatzes zusammengestellt, so wird zunächst eine untere Schicht Mauersteine 2 angelegt. Deren obere Lagerflächen 3 werden so ausgerichtet, daß sie miteinander fluchten. Auf die erste Lage Mauersteine 2 wird dann eine zweite Lage Mauersteine 2 aufgelegt, wobei sich das kömige Bimsmaterial der unteren Lagerfläche 4 der oberen Mauersteine in die Oberfläche, je nach Ausführung 9 oder 10, eindrückt. Umgekehrt drückt sich auch das kömige Bimsmaterial der oberen Lagerfläche 3 der unteren Mauersteine in die Oberfläche 9 der unteren Lagerfläche 4 der oberen Mauersteine 2 ein. Es entsteht so eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen oberem und unterem Mauerstein, welche einem Verschieben in die Lagerebene entgegenwirkt. Abgeriebenes Bimsmaterial setzt sich zwischen die Poren 12 oder wird in der weichen Stellen 13 eingedrückt und unterstützt somit einerseits die Abdichtung zwischen den oberen und den unteren Mauersteinen 2 wie auch deren formschlüssige Verbindung. Durch Einsetzen eines Kunststoffstreifens 16 in die untere Lage der Mauersteine kann die Abdichtung zwischen den beiden Lagen Mauersteine zusätzlich unterstützt werden.If a wall is put together using the kit according to the invention, a lower layer of bricks 2 is first created. The upper bearing surfaces 3 are aligned so that they are aligned. A second layer of bricks 2 is then placed on the first layer of bricks 2, the grainy pumice material of the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper bricks being pressed into the surface, depending on the design 9 or 10. Conversely, the grainy pumice material of the upper bearing surface 3 of the lower bricks is also pressed into the surface 9 of the lower bearing surface 4 of the upper bricks 2. This creates a positive connection between the upper and lower brick, which counteracts a shift into the storage level. Rubbed pumice material settles between the pores 12 or is pressed into the soft spots 13 and thus supports on the one hand the seal between the upper and the lower bricks 2 as well as their positive connection. By inserting a plastic strip 16 in the lower layer of the bricks, the seal between the two layers of bricks can be additionally supported.

Die Stoßfuge kann in herkömmlicher Weise vorzugsweise mit Nut- und Federverzahnung unvermörtelt ausgebildet sein.The butt joint can be designed without mortar in a conventional manner, preferably with tongue and groove teeth.

Es ist auch denkbar, anstatt bindemittelverbundenem Zuschlagmaterial ein Steinmaterial zu verwenden, das künstlich, z.B. durch Gasbildner, Schaum oder Ausbrennstoffe porosiert ist. In diesem Fall bildet das Steinmaterial selber ein Gerüst aus Stegen, das dem im Ausführungsbeispiel beschriebenen Bindemitteigerüst entspricht. Die senkrecht zur Lagerfläche ausgerichteten Stege können sich beim Aufeinandersetzen zweier Mauersteine in Poren und/oder waagerechten Stegen der Lagerfläche des jeweils anderen Mauersteines eindrücken und verkrallen. Bei solch künstlich porosierten Steinen können als Steinmaterial gebrannter Ton oder auch unter Autoklavbedingungen aus Kalk und Quarz erhärtete Calciumsilikathydrate in Frage kommen.It is also conceivable to use a stone material which is artificial, e.g. is porosified by gas generators, foam or burnout substances. In this case, the stone material itself forms a scaffold made of webs, which corresponds to the binder scaffold described in the exemplary embodiment. The webs, which are aligned perpendicular to the bearing surface, can press into one another and cling to one another when two bricks are placed in pores and / or horizontal webs on the bearing surface of the other brick. In the case of such artificially porous stones, clay fired as stone material or calcium silicate hydrates hardened from lime and quartz under autoclave conditions can be considered.

Claims (8)

1. Building set for the production of a dry wall, consisting of at least two superposable building bricks (2) whereby each building brick has at least one bearing surface (3) which co-acts with the bearing surface of the corresponding other building brick, characterised in that the bearing surfaces (3, 4) have a plane and yet porous and/or partially soft surface (9, 10) so as to achieve a substantially flat seat in such a manner that the hard stone material (11) of one bearing surface (3 or 4 respectively) sealingly claws into the pores (12) and/or soft areas (13) of the corresponding other bearing surface (4 or 3 respectively).
2. Building set according to claim 1, characterised in that the surfaces (9, 10) of the bearing surfaces (3, 4) are partially soft and porous in construction so that stone material rubbed off whilst superposing building bricks (2) presses into the pores (12) and/or soft areas (13) of the bearing surfaces (3, 4) with the bricks (2) in superposed position, thus sealing the bed joint.
3. Building set according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the building bricks (2) are composed of soft, grainy aggregate joined by a bonding agent, and that the aggregate (11), by comparison with the bonding-agent frame, is clearly softer and made, for example, of natural pumice, foamed slag, aerated concrete granulate or similar aggregate material.
4. Building set according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that at least one bearing surface (3) of a building brick (2) has a faced surface (10).
5. Building set according to at least one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the grain size of the aggregate (11) is smaller than approximately 16 mm.
6. Building set according to claim 2, characterised in that slots (14, 15) may be placed into the bearing surfaces (3, 4) as an additional seal in the longitudinal direction of the building bricks (2) in such a manner that a resiliently constructed strip (16) which extends over the length of several building bricks (2) can be inserted into aligned slots (14 and 15) in an upper and a lower bearing surface (3 and 4) of building bricks (2).
7. Building set according to at least one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the bonding agent consists of calcium-silicate hydrates, for example hydrated concrete.
8. Dry wall, consisting of a plurality of building bricks, superposed in courses and separably connected with each other, whereby the bottom course is loosely seated on a foundation, and each building brick has at least one bearing surface which co-acts with the bearing surface of the respective other building brick, characterised in that the building bricks consist of soft, grainy aggregate joined by a bonding agent, and that, in order to achieve a substantially flat seating, the bearing surfaces (3, 4) have a faced, but porous and/or partially soft surface (9, 10) in such a manner that when the building bricks (2) are superposed, the grainy aggregate (11) of a bearing surface (3 or 4 respectively) sealingly claws into the pores (12) and/or soft areas (13) of the respective other bearing surface (4 or 3 respectively).
EP86105707A 1985-10-28 1986-04-25 Set of at least two superposable building bricks Expired - Lifetime EP0223902B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86105707T ATE54982T1 (en) 1985-10-28 1986-04-25 KIT CONSISTING OF AT LEAST TWO BRICKS TO BE PLACED ON TOP OF THE OTHER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8530514U 1985-10-28
DE8530514U DE8530514U1 (en) 1985-10-28 1985-10-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0223902A1 EP0223902A1 (en) 1987-06-03
EP0223902B1 true EP0223902B1 (en) 1990-07-25

Family

ID=6786694

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86105707A Expired - Lifetime EP0223902B1 (en) 1985-10-28 1986-04-25 Set of at least two superposable building bricks

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0223902B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE54982T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8530514U1 (en)
DK (1) DK162781C (en)
ES (1) ES2003896A6 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT179878B (en) * 1947-05-31 1954-10-11 Erich Dipl Ing Dr Te Honigmann Drywall
CH438654A (en) * 1966-05-22 1967-06-30 Sahli Ernest Artificial building block and process for its manufacture
DE2739017A1 (en) * 1977-08-30 1979-03-08 Michele Montanelli Interlocking wall building blocks - have lengthways grooves engaged by base panel rib or narrow strips between rows

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3672963D1 (en) 1990-08-30
DK162781B (en) 1991-12-09
EP0223902A1 (en) 1987-06-03
ATE54982T1 (en) 1990-08-15
DE8530514U1 (en) 1987-02-19
DK300486A (en) 1987-04-29
ES2003896A6 (en) 1988-12-01
DK300486D0 (en) 1986-06-25
DK162781C (en) 1992-04-27

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