EP0223808B1 - Protection hood against smokes and hypoxy - Google Patents

Protection hood against smokes and hypoxy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0223808B1
EP0223808B1 EP86903410A EP86903410A EP0223808B1 EP 0223808 B1 EP0223808 B1 EP 0223808B1 EP 86903410 A EP86903410 A EP 86903410A EP 86903410 A EP86903410 A EP 86903410A EP 0223808 B1 EP0223808 B1 EP 0223808B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hood
tube
wearer
oxygen
compartment
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP86903410A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0223808A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Pelloux-Gervais
Richard Zapata
Michel Bres
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of EP0223808A1 publication Critical patent/EP0223808A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/04—Hoods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hood for protection against smoke and hypoxia which can be used more particularly for the protection of personnel flying in aircraft, of the type comprising a waterproof envelope, forming a helmet covering the wearer's head, in its lower part, sealing means connecting the hood to the wearer's neck, and, at its base and inside the waterproof envelope, a closed tube surrounding the wearer's neck and containing a reserve of pressurized oxygen as well as means to automatically cause, when donning the hood, the communication of the interior of this tube with the interior of the sealed envelope so as to ensure an automatic supply of the wearer of the hood with oxygen.
  • DE-A-26 51 917 describes a hood of this type.
  • a hood which is donned by individuals when necessary and which is provided sealing means at the neck
  • Such a hood comprises means allowing the injection, inside, of oxygen covering the consumption of the individual wearing the hood and, on the other hand, can comprise means making it possible to limit the carbon dioxide content to the inside of the hood (exhaust air exhaust valve in the aforementioned US-A).
  • the absorption of carbon dioxide can be done by means of an absorbent of the soda lime, lithine, molecular sieve type, etc.
  • the efficiency of the absorption depends on the one hand on the absorbent product and on the other hand of the good circulation, through the bed of absorbent material, of the gases contained in the respiratory enclosure inside the hood.
  • Protective hoods currently known, using the absorption of CO 2 are of two types, namely either of the static type, or of the mechanical type.
  • the absorption of carbon dioxide is done only by the convection movements of the gases inside the hood and to be able to obtain a good efficiency of this absorption, the surface and the mass of absorbent material quickly become unacceptable for an application In the aeronautical field.
  • the gases are circulated through an absorbent bed either by means of a mechanical fan powered by a battery, or by means of an injector using for example the expansion energy of the oxygen source.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a protective hood of particularly simple, compact, light design, guaranteeing a long service life, capable of providing the oxygen necessary for human consumption for a fairly long period of time and allowing to obtain a very high efficiency for the capture of carbon dioxide.
  • the protective hood according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a second flexible external envelope, impermeable to gases, which is fixed along its edges in a manner watertight, to the first envelope by delimiting between the two envelopes an external compartment, and in that the wall of the first internal waterproof envelope is interrupted in at least one place to delimit in this wall an opening through which a mattress is disposed of porous material in which is immobilized a product absorbing carbon dioxide and / or water, the opening being arranged with respect to said external compartment so as to allow the gases to pass during the breathing of the wearer of the hood, alternately in a direction and in the other, between the interior of the hood and the compartment by crossing the absorbent material contained in the porous mattress.
  • the tube containing the oxygen under pressure advantageously comprises two separate compartments preferably in series, making it possible to obtain an oxygen supply with two different flow rates, namely a high initial flow rate to obtain inflation. fast hood then a lower flow corresponding to the normal consumption of oxygen by the wearer.
  • the protective hood which is represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises an envelope 1 made of waterproof material, preferably elastic, forming a kind of helmet covering the wearer's head and which comprises, in its front part, a transparent part 2 forming a visor ensuring vision outside, if the envelope 2 is not itself made of transparent material.
  • This sealed envelope 1 is secured, at its lower part, to a tube 3, in the form of a split ring surrounding the wearer's neck and constituting a reserve of oxygen.
  • This tube 3 is integral, at its lower part, with a flexible and elastic sheet 4, for example made of rubber, which extends horizontally.
  • This sheet 4, which is tangent to the tube 3, is pierced, in its central part, with a hole 5 to allow the passage of the head of the wearer of the hood through this hole.
  • the tube 3 may have, in plan view, any suitable curved shape allowing it to surround the carrying neck. It may in particular be circular or have a substantially oval shape as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the tube 3 is closed, at its two ends, by front and transverse walls 6 and 7 which are arranged in the rear part of the hood, at a certain distance, facing one another.
  • the tube 3 is advantageously subdivided, by a transverse wall 8 pierced with a calibrated hole or a capillary 9, into two compartments 3a and 3b. These two compartments are filled with oxygen under pressure, for example 150 da N / cm 2 .
  • the compartment 3a which is delimited between the transverse partition 8 and the front face 6, can communicate with the outside through a calibrated or capillary hole 10 which is drilled in the front wall 6 and which communicates with a hollow end piece 11 forming a plug. closure, fixed by welding or by any other appropriate means on the front face 6.
  • This end piece 11 is arranged so as to be able to be broken very easily by a percussion device 12 actuated automatically during the introduction of the head inside the hood.
  • This percussion device may be constituted, for example, by a lever pivotally mounted on the tube 3 around an axis 13, one branch of which extends towards the inside of the hood, so as to be able to be repelled by the head of the person donning the hood, and a smaller branch acting on the tip 11 to cause the rupture thereof.
  • the calibrated or capillary hole 10 has a diameter large enough to ensure a relatively high flow rate, namely around 0.06 l / min bar, which makes it possible to quickly inflate the hood when it is put in place.
  • This flow rate which is greater than 0.03 I / min bar, is however sufficiently low (less than 0.2 I / min bar) so as not to empty the capacity constituted by the tube 3 too quickly so as not to cause too much loss of gas if the hood is not properly threaded (jamming or leakage when passing obstacles such as glasses, bun etc ).
  • the capillary or calibrated hole 9 provided in the transverse wall 8 takes over and the capacity constituted by the compartment 3b is emptied slowly to ensure the flow necessary for the consumption of oxygen, ie at least 1.5 I / min.
  • the front wall 7 which is opposite to the front wall 6 carrying the end piece 11 has a hollow central part 14 in the bottom of which protrudes a capillary tube 15 opening out inside the compartment 3b.
  • This capillary tube extends outside to form a helix 16, the end of which is closed.
  • This propeller 16 which is axially deformable as a function of the pressure prevailing inside the tube 3, can therefore constitute a pressure gauge indicating the residual pressure inside the tube.
  • the sealed envelope 1 comprises a posterior part that is more flexible than the rest of the envelope, in order to constitute a sort of inflatable "lung".
  • the envelope 1 also contains inside a device ensuring the capture of carbon dioxide.
  • This device may be constituted, for example, by soda lime grains which permanently rid the gases of exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide, by absorption of the latter.
  • the wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe in a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen.
  • the hood preferably has the shape of a balaclava as shown in the drawing.
  • the protective hood comprises a second flexible external envelope 18, made of gas-impermeable material, which is fixed along its edges 19, 20 in a manner watertight, to the first envelope 1.
  • This fixing can be carried out for example by welding.
  • the sealed weld on the edge 19 extends along the visor 2 and is connected to the lower sealed weld 20 which extends horizontally, in the upper horizontal plane tangent to the tube 3.
  • the wall of the internal sealed envelope 1 is interrupted in at least one place, for example in the lower part of the rear wall 1a, to delimit in this wall an opening 21 across which a mattress is placed.
  • 22 made of porous material such as metal grid or fiberglass mesh. In this porous material is immobilized a product absorbing carbon dioxide and possibly water.
  • the internal envelope 1 and the external envelope 18 which has a larger surface than the part of the internal envelope 1 which it covers, thus delimit between them two compartments, namely an internal compartment 23 in which is housed the head of the carrier and an external compartment 24 of variable volume and in a way forming a "lung".
  • the gases pass continuously, during the breathing of the hood wearer, alternately in one direction and in the other, between the two compartments 23 and 24, crossing the bed of absorbent material contained in the porous mattress 22.
  • the gases During expiration the gases pass from the internal compartment 23 to the external compartment 24, and during inspiration the circulation of the gases takes place in the opposite direction.
  • the gases permanently get rid of the exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide.
  • the wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen.
  • FIG. 6 represents a view, partially in section, of an exemplary embodiment of a hood according to the invention.
  • Envelopes 1 and 18 are made of polyester coated on both sides with flame retardant PVC.
  • the total volume of the hood is 17 liters, including 7 liters for the volume 23 of the head and 10 liters for the volume 24 of the "lung".
  • the reference 121 indicates a cartridge of soda lime 22 held in a housing closed by a fine mesh and coated with a protective plate 122 provided with a system of lateral openings to allow the passage of air from the head volume 23 in the lung 24, through the soda lime 22 which rids the air of its excess of water and carbon dioxide.
  • the volumes 23 and 24 are sealed relative to each other and the air circulation is necessarily effected by the soda lime cartridges (two in number in this example).
  • the lever 12, which has the shape of a pallet, is placed above the opening 5.
  • the oxygen capacity opening system 3 which here has only one volume, is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the hollow end piece 11 is integral with a cylindrical cap 108 whose internal side wall 100 carries, at its base, pins 107 cooperating with the annular groove 106 carried by the front wall 6.
  • the lever 12 is integral with said wall 100.
  • the hollow end piece 11 has a circular groove 103.
  • the oxygen present in the tank 3 comprising only one compartment is therefore released by means of the nozzle 10, of the housing 101 and then of the pipe 102.
  • the nozzle 10 has a diameter of 6/100 mm releasing 40 liters of oxygen stored at 150 bars in the tank 3.
  • the autonomy of such a hood is approximately 15 minutes.
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of the device of Figure 7.
  • This part 109 has a semi-circular surface whose diameter passes through the YY axis. It has under this axis (in the figure) a semi-circular notch 110 of diameter identical to that of the part 11 in which it comes to bear when the lever 12 is in the rest position.
  • the rotation of the pallet (to the right in the figure) around point 0 (YY axis) causes the end of the part 11 located before the groove 103 to be torn off, of length identical to the thickness of the part 109 , and the release of oxygen through line 102.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

Protection hood against smokes and hypoxy usable more particularly for the protection of the crew on board of aircrafts. Said hood is characterized in that it comprises at its base and inside the sealed envelope a closed tube (3) surrounding the neck of the user and containing a reserve of oxygen under pressure and means (11-13) to automatically communicate, when putting on the hood, the inside of said tube with an automatic oxygen supply for the hood wearer.

Description

La présente invention concerne une cagoule de protection contre les fumées et l'hypoxie utilisable plus particulièrement pour la protection du personnel navigant dans des aéronefs, du type comprenant une enveloppe étanche, formant casque coiffant la tête du porteur, dans sa partie infe- rieure, des moyens d'étanchéité reliant la cagoule au cou du porteur, et, à sa base et à l'intérieure de l'enveloppe étanche, un tube fermé entourant le cou du porteur et contenant une réserve d'oxygène sous pression ainsi que des moyens pour provoquer automatiquement, lors de l'enfilage de la cagoule, la mise en communication de l'intérieur de ce tube avec l'intérieure de l'enveloppe étanche de manière à assurer une alimentation automatique du porteur de la cagoule en oxygène. Le DE-A-26 51 917 décrit une cagoule de ce type.The present invention relates to a hood for protection against smoke and hypoxia which can be used more particularly for the protection of personnel flying in aircraft, of the type comprising a waterproof envelope, forming a helmet covering the wearer's head, in its lower part, sealing means connecting the hood to the wearer's neck, and, at its base and inside the waterproof envelope, a closed tube surrounding the wearer's neck and containing a reserve of pressurized oxygen as well as means to automatically cause, when donning the hood, the communication of the interior of this tube with the interior of the sealed envelope so as to ensure an automatic supply of the wearer of the hood with oxygen. DE-A-26 51 917 describes a hood of this type.

Il existe actuellement, pour protéger le personnel navigant à l'encontre des dépressions accidentelles ou des fumées se formant dans les cabines, des dispositifs en circuit ouvert qui sont composés d'une bouteille d'oxygène comprimé, pouvant fournir environ 300 litres de gaz, laquelle est reliée à un masque du type aviation classique. Ces dispositifs en circuit ouvert sont efficaces mais ils présentent l'inconvénient d'être difficiles à mettre en oeuvre, lourds en encombrants.Currently, to protect cabin crew from accidental depressions or fumes forming in cabins, there are open circuit devices that consist of a cylinder of compressed oxygen, which can supply approximately 300 liters of gas, which is connected to a conventional aviation type mask. These open circuit devices are effective but they have the drawback of being difficult to implement, heavy in terms of space.

D'autres systèmes respiratoires autonomes fonctionnant en circuit fermé qui assurent la protection combinée contre l'hypoxie d'altitude et les fumées, se présentent habituellement sous la forme d'une cagoule qui est enfilée par les individus en cas de nécessité et qui est pourvue de moyens de fermeture étanche au niveau du cou (DE-A précité, et également US-A-2 850 011). Une telle cagoule comporte des moyens permettant l'injection, à l'intérieur, d'oxygène couvrant la consommation de l'individu portant la cagoule et, d'autre part, peut comporter des moyens permettant de limiter la teneur en dioxyde de carbone à l'intérieur de la cagoule (soupage d'échappement de l'air expiré dans le US-A précité).Other autonomous respiratory systems operating in closed circuit which provide combined protection against altitude hypoxia and smoke, are usually in the form of a hood which is donned by individuals when necessary and which is provided sealing means at the neck (DE-A cited above, and also US-A-2,850,011). Such a hood comprises means allowing the injection, inside, of oxygen covering the consumption of the individual wearing the hood and, on the other hand, can comprise means making it possible to limit the carbon dioxide content to the inside of the hood (exhaust air exhaust valve in the aforementioned US-A).

On sait par ailleurs que l'absorption du dioxyde de carbone peut se faire au moyen d'un absorbant du type chaux sodée, lithine, tamis moléculaire, etc... L'efficacité de l'absorption dépend d'une part du produit absorbant et d'autre part de la bonne circulation, à travers le lit de matière absorbante, des gaz contenus dans l'enceinte respiratoire à l'intérieur de la cagoule.It is also known that the absorption of carbon dioxide can be done by means of an absorbent of the soda lime, lithine, molecular sieve type, etc. The efficiency of the absorption depends on the one hand on the absorbent product and on the other hand of the good circulation, through the bed of absorbent material, of the gases contained in the respiratory enclosure inside the hood.

Des cagoules de protection connues actuellement, utilisant l'absorption du CO2, sont de deux types à savoir soit du type statique, soit du type mécanique. Dans le premier cas l'absorption du dioxyde de carbone se fait uniquement par les mouvements de convection des gaz à l'intérieur de la cagoule et pour pouvoir obtenir une bonne efficacité de cette absorption, la surface et la masse de matière absorbante deviennent vite rédhibitoires pour une application Dans le domaine aéronautique. Dans le second cas, c'est-à-dire celui d'une solution mécanique, on assure la circulation des gaz au travers d'un lit absorbant soit au moyen d'un ventilateur mécanique alimenté par une pile, soit au moyen d'un injecteur utilisant par exemple l'énergie de détente de la source d'oxygène.Protective hoods currently known, using the absorption of CO 2 , are of two types, namely either of the static type, or of the mechanical type. In the first case the absorption of carbon dioxide is done only by the convection movements of the gases inside the hood and to be able to obtain a good efficiency of this absorption, the surface and the mass of absorbent material quickly become unacceptable for an application In the aeronautical field. In the second case, that is to say that of a mechanical solution, the gases are circulated through an absorbent bed either by means of a mechanical fan powered by a battery, or by means of an injector using for example the expansion energy of the oxygen source.

Tous ces systèmes connus posent des problèmes de fiabilité, notamment du fait que leur durée de vie demandée est supérieure à 5 ans, et d'efficacité, en particulier dans le cas de l'utilisation d'un injecteur lorsque la pression de la capacité d'oxygène chute. De plus, la complexité de tels systèmes impose une vérification régulière de l'état du matériel.All of these known systems pose problems of reliability, in particular because their requested service life is greater than 5 years, and of efficiency, in particular in the case of the use of an injector when the pressure of the capacity d oxygen drops. In addition, the complexity of such systems requires regular verification of the condition of the equipment.

La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients en procurant une cagoule de protection de conception particulièrement simple, compacte, légère, garantissant une durée de vie importante, pouvant offrir l'oxygène nécessaire à la consommation humaine pendant une assez longue période de temps et permettant d'obtenir une très grande efficacité pour le piégeage du dioxyde de carbone.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a protective hood of particularly simple, compact, light design, guaranteeing a long service life, capable of providing the oxygen necessary for human consumption for a fairly long period of time and allowing to obtain a very high efficiency for the capture of carbon dioxide.

A cet effect, la cagoule de protection selon l'invention, du type indiqué au début, est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une seconde enveloppe externe souple, imperméable aux gaz, qui est fixée le long de ses bords, d'une manière étanche, à la première enveloppe en délimitant entre les deux enveloppes un compartiment externe, et en ce que la paroi de la première enveloppe étanche interne est interrompue en au moins un endroit pour délimiter dans cette paroi une ouverture en travers de laquelle est disposé un matelas en matériau poreux dans lequel est immobilisé un produit absorbant le dioxyde de carbone et/ou l'eau, l'ouverture étant disposée par rapport audit compartiment externe de façon à laisser passer les gaz pendant la respiration du porteur de la cagoule, alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre, entre l'intérieur de la cagoule et le compartiment en traversant la matière absorbante contenue dans le matelas poreux.To this end, the protective hood according to the invention, of the type indicated at the beginning, is characterized in that it comprises a second flexible external envelope, impermeable to gases, which is fixed along its edges in a manner watertight, to the first envelope by delimiting between the two envelopes an external compartment, and in that the wall of the first internal waterproof envelope is interrupted in at least one place to delimit in this wall an opening through which a mattress is disposed of porous material in which is immobilized a product absorbing carbon dioxide and / or water, the opening being arranged with respect to said external compartment so as to allow the gases to pass during the breathing of the wearer of the hood, alternately in a direction and in the other, between the interior of the hood and the compartment by crossing the absorbent material contained in the porous mattress.

Suivant une caractéristique complémentaire de l'invention, le tube contenant l'oxygène sous pression comprend avantageusement deux compartiments distincts de préférence en série, permettant d'obtenir une alimentation en oxygène avec deux débits différents, à savoir un fort débit initial pour obtenir un gonflage rapide de la cagoule puis un débit plus faible correspondant à la consommation normale d'oxygène par le porteur.According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the tube containing the oxygen under pressure advantageously comprises two separate compartments preferably in series, making it possible to obtain an oxygen supply with two different flow rates, namely a high initial flow rate to obtain inflation. fast hood then a lower flow corresponding to the normal consumption of oxygen by the wearer.

On décrira ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, diverses formes d'exécution de la présente invention, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels:

  • La figure 1 est une vue en élévation, partiellement en coupe verticale, d'une cagoule de protection voisine de l'invention mais n'en faisant pas partie.
  • La figure 2 est unevue en coupe horizontale faite suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale développée, à plus grande échelle, du tube fermé constituant la réserve d'oxygène sous pression.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en élévation, partiellement en coupe verticale, d'une forme d'exécution de la cagoule de protection suivant l'invention.
  • La figure 5 est une vue en plan, avec arrachement partiel de la cagoule de protection de la figure 4.
  • La figure 6 est une vue partiellement en coupe d'un exemple de réalisation de l'invention.
  • La figure 7 est une vue en coupe d'un détail de la cagoule de la figure 6.
  • La figure 8 est une vue de côté du dispositif de la figure 7.
Various embodiments of the present invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is an elevational view, partially in vertical section, of a protective hood close to the invention but not part of it.
  • Figure 2 is a horizontal section view taken along line II-II of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a developed axial sectional view, on a larger scale, of the closed tube constituting the reserve of oxygen under pressure.
  • Figure 4 is a partial elevation view ment in vertical section, of an embodiment of the protective hood according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view, partially broken away of the protective hood of FIG. 4.
  • Figure 6 is a partially sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a detail of the hood of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of the device in FIG. 7.

La cagoule de protection qui est représentée sur les figures 1 et 2 comprend une enveloppe 1 en matière étanche, de préférence élastique, formant une sorte de casque coiffant la tête du porteur et qui comprend, dans sa partie antérieure, une partie transparente 2 formant visière assurant la vision à l'extérieur, si l'enveloppe 2 n'est pas elle-même en matière transparente. Cette enveloppe étanche 1 est solidaire, à sa partie inférieure, d'un tube 3, en forme d'anneau fendu entourant le cou du porteur et constituant une réserve d'oxygène. Ce tube 3 est solidaire, à sa partie inférieure, d'une feuille souple et élastique 4, par exemple en caoutchouc, laquelle s'étend horizontalement. Cette feuille 4, qui est tangente au tube 3, est percée, dans sa partie centrale, d'un trou 5 pour permettre le passage de la tête du porteur de la cagoule à travers ce trou.The protective hood which is represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises an envelope 1 made of waterproof material, preferably elastic, forming a kind of helmet covering the wearer's head and which comprises, in its front part, a transparent part 2 forming a visor ensuring vision outside, if the envelope 2 is not itself made of transparent material. This sealed envelope 1 is secured, at its lower part, to a tube 3, in the form of a split ring surrounding the wearer's neck and constituting a reserve of oxygen. This tube 3 is integral, at its lower part, with a flexible and elastic sheet 4, for example made of rubber, which extends horizontally. This sheet 4, which is tangent to the tube 3, is pierced, in its central part, with a hole 5 to allow the passage of the head of the wearer of the hood through this hole.

Le tube 3 peut avoir, vue en plan, toute forme courbe appropriée lui permettant d'entourer le cou porteur. Il peut-être notamment circulaire ou avoir une forme sensiblement ovale comme il est représenté sur la figure 2.The tube 3 may have, in plan view, any suitable curved shape allowing it to surround the carrying neck. It may in particular be circular or have a substantially oval shape as shown in FIG. 2.

Le tube 3 est fermé, à ses deux extrémités, par des parois frontales et transversales 6 et 7 qui sont disposées dans la partie arrière de la cagoule, à une certaine distance, en regard l'une de l'autre. Le tube 3 est avantageusement subdivisé, par une paroi transversale 8 percée d'un trou calibré ou d'un capilaire 9, en deux compartiments 3a et 3b. Ces deux compartiments sont remplis d'oxygène sous pression, par exemple de 150 da N/cm2. Le compartiment 3a qui est délimité entre la cloison transversale 8 et la face frontale 6, peut communiquer avec l'extérieur à travers un trou calibré ou capillaire 10 qui est percé dans la paroi frontale 6 et qui communique avec un embout creux 11 formant bouchon de fermeture, fixé par soudure ou par tout autre moyen approprié sur la face frontale 6. Cet embout 11, de petites dimensions, est agencé de manière à pourvoir être rompu très facilement par un dispositif de percussion 12 actionné automatiquement lors de l'introduction de la tête à l'intérieur de la cagoule. Ce dispositif de percussion peut-être constitué, par exemple, par un levier monté à pivotement sur le tube 3 autour d'un axe 13, dont une branche s'étend vers l'intérieur de la cagoule, de manière à pouvoir être repoussé par la tête de la personne enfilant la cagoule, et une branche plus petite agissant sur l'embout 11 pour provoquer la rupture de celui-ci.The tube 3 is closed, at its two ends, by front and transverse walls 6 and 7 which are arranged in the rear part of the hood, at a certain distance, facing one another. The tube 3 is advantageously subdivided, by a transverse wall 8 pierced with a calibrated hole or a capillary 9, into two compartments 3a and 3b. These two compartments are filled with oxygen under pressure, for example 150 da N / cm 2 . The compartment 3a which is delimited between the transverse partition 8 and the front face 6, can communicate with the outside through a calibrated or capillary hole 10 which is drilled in the front wall 6 and which communicates with a hollow end piece 11 forming a plug. closure, fixed by welding or by any other appropriate means on the front face 6. This end piece 11, of small dimensions, is arranged so as to be able to be broken very easily by a percussion device 12 actuated automatically during the introduction of the head inside the hood. This percussion device may be constituted, for example, by a lever pivotally mounted on the tube 3 around an axis 13, one branch of which extends towards the inside of the hood, so as to be able to be repelled by the head of the person donning the hood, and a smaller branch acting on the tip 11 to cause the rupture thereof.

Par conséquent, au début de l'enfilage de la cagoule, le levier 12 fait sauter l'embout 11 si bien que l'oxygène sous pression contenu à l'intérieur du tube 3 peut s'échapper à l'intérieur de la cagoule. Le trou calibré ou capillaire 10 à un diamètre suffisamment grand pour assurer un débit relativement élevé à savoir d'environ 0,06 I/ mn bar, ce qui permet de gonfler rapidement la cagoule lors de sa mise en place. Ce débit qui est supérieur à 0,03 I/mn bar est toutefois suffisamment faible (inférieur à 0,2 I/mn bar) pour ne pas vider trop vite la capacité constituée par le tube 3 de manière à ne pas entraîner une trop grande perte de gaz si l'enfilage de la cagoule s'effectue mal (coincement ou fuite lors du passage d'obstacles tels que lunettes, chignon etc...). Le capillaire ou trou calibré 9 prévu dans la paroi transversale 8 prend la relève et la capacité constitué par le compartiment 3b se vide lentement pour assurer le débit nécessaire à la consommation d'oxygène, soit au minimum 1,5 I/mn.Consequently, at the start of donning of the hood, the lever 12 makes the end piece 11 jump so that the oxygen under pressure contained inside the tube 3 can escape inside the hood. The calibrated or capillary hole 10 has a diameter large enough to ensure a relatively high flow rate, namely around 0.06 l / min bar, which makes it possible to quickly inflate the hood when it is put in place. This flow rate, which is greater than 0.03 I / min bar, is however sufficiently low (less than 0.2 I / min bar) so as not to empty the capacity constituted by the tube 3 too quickly so as not to cause too much loss of gas if the hood is not properly threaded (jamming or leakage when passing obstacles such as glasses, bun etc ...). The capillary or calibrated hole 9 provided in the transverse wall 8 takes over and the capacity constituted by the compartment 3b is emptied slowly to ensure the flow necessary for the consumption of oxygen, ie at least 1.5 I / min.

On peut voir sur la figure 3 que la paroi frontale 7 qui est opposée à la paroi frontale 6 portant l'embout 11, présente une partie centrale en creux 14 dans le fond de laquelle fait saillie un tube capillaire 15 débouchant à l'intérieur du compartiment 3b. Ce tube capillaire se prolonge à l'extérieur en formant une hélice 16 dont l'extrémité est fermée. Cette hélice 16 qui est déformable axialement en fonction de la pression règnant à l'intérieur du tube 3, peut donc constituer un manomètre indiquant la pression résiduelle à l'intérieur du tube.It can be seen in FIG. 3 that the front wall 7 which is opposite to the front wall 6 carrying the end piece 11 has a hollow central part 14 in the bottom of which protrudes a capillary tube 15 opening out inside the compartment 3b. This capillary tube extends outside to form a helix 16, the end of which is closed. This propeller 16 which is axially deformable as a function of the pressure prevailing inside the tube 3, can therefore constitute a pressure gauge indicating the residual pressure inside the tube.

De préférence l'enveloppe étanche 1 comprend une partie postérieure la plus souple que le reste de l'enveloppe, afin de constituer une sorte de "poumon" gonflable.Preferably the sealed envelope 1 comprises a posterior part that is more flexible than the rest of the envelope, in order to constitute a sort of inflatable "lung".

L'enveloppe 1 contient également à l'intérieur un dispositif assurant le piègeage du dioxyde de carbone. Ce dispositif peut-être constitué, par exemple, par des grains de chaux sodée qui débarrassent en permanence les gaz des impuretés exhalées et en particulier du dioxyde de carbone, par absorption de celui-ci. Le porteur de la cagoule de protection suivant l'invention peut ainsi respirer en circuit fermé avec un faible apport d'oxygène. Pour augmenter la surface d'échange avec la matière absorbante, la cagoule a, de préférence, la forme d'un passe-montagne comme il est représenté sur le dessin.The envelope 1 also contains inside a device ensuring the capture of carbon dioxide. This device may be constituted, for example, by soda lime grains which permanently rid the gases of exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide, by absorption of the latter. The wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe in a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen. To increase the surface area for exchange with the absorbent material, the hood preferably has the shape of a balaclava as shown in the drawing.

Dans la forme d'exécution de l'invention représentée sur les figures 4 et 5 la cagoule de protection comprend une seconde enveloppe externe souple 18, en matière imperméable aux gaz, qui est fixée le long de ses bords 19, 20 d'une manière étanche, à la première enveloppe 1. Cette fixation peut-être réalisée par exemple par soudure. La soudure étanche du bord 19 s'étend le long de la visière 2 et elle se raccorde à la soudure étanche inférieure 20 qui s'étend horizontalement, dans le plan horizontal supérieur tangent au tube 3.In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the protective hood comprises a second flexible external envelope 18, made of gas-impermeable material, which is fixed along its edges 19, 20 in a manner watertight, to the first envelope 1. This fixing can be carried out for example by welding. The sealed weld on the edge 19 extends along the visor 2 and is connected to the lower sealed weld 20 which extends horizontally, in the upper horizontal plane tangent to the tube 3.

La paroi de l'enveloppe étanche interne 1 est interrompue en au moins un endroit, par exemple dans la partie inférieure de la paroi postérieure 1a, pour delimiter dans cette paroi une ouverture 21 en travers de laquelle est disposé un matelas 22 en matériau poreux tel que grille métallique ou filet en fibre de verre. Dans ce matèriau poreux est immobilisé un produit absorbant le dioxyde de carbone et éventuellement l'eau.The wall of the internal sealed envelope 1 is interrupted in at least one place, for example in the lower part of the rear wall 1a, to delimit in this wall an opening 21 across which a mattress is placed. 22 made of porous material such as metal grid or fiberglass mesh. In this porous material is immobilized a product absorbing carbon dioxide and possibly water.

L'enveloppe interne 1 et l'enveloppe externe 18 qui a une plus grande surface que la partie de l'enveloppe interne 1 qu'elle recouvre, délimitent ainsi entre elles deux compartiments à savoir un compartiment interne 23 dans lequel est logé la tête du porteur et un compartiment externe 24 de volume variable et formant en quelque sorte un "poumon".The internal envelope 1 and the external envelope 18 which has a larger surface than the part of the internal envelope 1 which it covers, thus delimit between them two compartments, namely an internal compartment 23 in which is housed the head of the carrier and an external compartment 24 of variable volume and in a way forming a "lung".

Grâce à la disposition suivant l'invention les gaz passent en permanence, pendant la respiration du porteur de la cagoule, alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre, entre les deux compartiments 23 et 24, en traversant le lit de matière absorbante contenue dans le matelas poreux 22. Pendant l'expiration les gaz passent du compartiment interne 23 au compartiment externe 24, et pendant l'inspiration la circulation des gaz s'effectue en sens inverse. Ainsi, les gaz se débarassent en permanence des impuretés exhalées et en particulier du dioxyde de carbone. Le porteur de la cagoule de protection suivant l'invention peut ainsi respirer un circuit fermé avec un faible apport d'oxygène.Thanks to the arrangement according to the invention, the gases pass continuously, during the breathing of the hood wearer, alternately in one direction and in the other, between the two compartments 23 and 24, crossing the bed of absorbent material contained in the porous mattress 22. During expiration the gases pass from the internal compartment 23 to the external compartment 24, and during inspiration the circulation of the gases takes place in the opposite direction. Thus, the gases permanently get rid of the exhaled impurities and in particular carbon dioxide. The wearer of the protective hood according to the invention can thus breathe a closed circuit with a low supply of oxygen.

La figure 6 représente une vue, partiellement en coupe, d'un exemple de réalisation d'une cagoule selon l'invention. Sur cette figure, les mêmes éléments que ceux des figures précédentes, portent les mêmes références. Les enveloppes 1 et 18 sont réalisées en polyester enduit double face de PVC ignifuge. Le volume total de la cagoule est de 17 litres, dont 7 litres pour le volume 23 de la tête et 10 litres pour le volume 24 du "poumon". Le repère 121 indique une cartouche de chaux sodée 22 maintenue dans un logement fermé par un fin grillage et revêtu d'une plaque de protection 122 munie d'un système d'ouvertures latérales pour permettre le passage de l'air du volume de tête 23 dans le poumon 24, à travers la chaux sodée 22 qui débarasse l'air de son excès d'eau et de gaz carbonique. Les volumes 23 et 24 sont étanches l'un par rapport à l'autre et la circulation d'air s'effectue nécessairement par les cartouches de chaux sodées (au nombre de deux dans cet exemple). Le levier 12, qui a la forme d'une palette est placé au-dessus de l'ouverture 5.FIG. 6 represents a view, partially in section, of an exemplary embodiment of a hood according to the invention. In this figure, the same elements as those of the previous figures, have the same references. Envelopes 1 and 18 are made of polyester coated on both sides with flame retardant PVC. The total volume of the hood is 17 liters, including 7 liters for the volume 23 of the head and 10 liters for the volume 24 of the "lung". The reference 121 indicates a cartridge of soda lime 22 held in a housing closed by a fine mesh and coated with a protective plate 122 provided with a system of lateral openings to allow the passage of air from the head volume 23 in the lung 24, through the soda lime 22 which rids the air of its excess of water and carbon dioxide. The volumes 23 and 24 are sealed relative to each other and the air circulation is necessarily effected by the soda lime cartridges (two in number in this example). The lever 12, which has the shape of a pallet, is placed above the opening 5.

Le système d'ouverture de la capacité d'oxygène 3, qui a ici un seul volume, est représenté sur la figure 7. L'embout creux 11 est solidaire d'un capuchon cylindrique 108 dont la paroi latérale interne 100 porte, à sa base, des tenons 107 coopérant avec la gorge annulaire 106 portée par la paroi frontale 6. Le levier 12 est solidaire de ladite paroi 100. L'embout creux 11, possède une gorge circulaire 103. Lors de l'enfilage de la cagoule, la rotation de la palette 12 entraîne la rotation du capuchon cylindrique 108 autour de l'axe YY, ce qui engendre la rupture de l'embout creux 11 au niveau de la gorge 103, l'axe XX dudit embout étant parallèle à YY mais distant de celui-ci.The oxygen capacity opening system 3, which here has only one volume, is shown in FIG. 7. The hollow end piece 11 is integral with a cylindrical cap 108 whose internal side wall 100 carries, at its base, pins 107 cooperating with the annular groove 106 carried by the front wall 6. The lever 12 is integral with said wall 100. The hollow end piece 11 has a circular groove 103. When threading the hood, the rotation of the pallet 12 causes the rotation of the cylindrical cap 108 around the axis YY, which causes the hollow end piece 11 to rupture at the level of the groove 103, the axis XX of said end piece being parallel to YY but distant from this one.

L'oxygène présent dans le réservoir 3 ne comportant qu'un compartiment est donc libéré par l'intermédiaire du gicleur 10, du logement 101 puis de la canalisation 102. A titre d'exemple, le gicleur 10 à un diamètre de 6/100 de mm libérant 40 litres d'oxygène stockés sous 150 bars dans le réservoir 3. L'autonomie d'une telle cagoule est d'environ 15 minutes.The oxygen present in the tank 3 comprising only one compartment is therefore released by means of the nozzle 10, of the housing 101 and then of the pipe 102. For example, the nozzle 10 has a diameter of 6/100 mm releasing 40 liters of oxygen stored at 150 bars in the tank 3. The autonomy of such a hood is approximately 15 minutes.

La figure 8 représente une vue de côté du dispositif de la figure 7. On aperçoit clairement sur cette figure la forme de la pièce 109, solidaire de la palette 12 et du capuchon 108 qui coopère avec l'extrémité de la pièce 11 pour provoquer sa rupture. Cette pièce 109 a une surface semi-circulaire dont le diamètre passe par l'axe YY. Elle comporte sous cet axe (sur la figure) une encoche 110 semi-circulaire de diamètre identique à celui de la pièce 11 dans laquelle celle-ci vient s'appuyer lorsque le levier 12 est en position de repos. La rotation de la palette (vers la droite sur la figure) autour du point 0 (axe YY) entraîne l'arrachement de l'extrémité de la pièce 11 située avant la gorge 103, de longueur identique à l'épaisseur de la pièce 109, et la libération de l'oxygène par la canalisation 102.8 shows a side view of the device of Figure 7. We clearly see in this figure the shape of the part 109, integral with the pallet 12 and the cap 108 which cooperates with the end of the part 11 to cause its rupture. This part 109 has a semi-circular surface whose diameter passes through the YY axis. It has under this axis (in the figure) a semi-circular notch 110 of diameter identical to that of the part 11 in which it comes to bear when the lever 12 is in the rest position. The rotation of the pallet (to the right in the figure) around point 0 (YY axis) causes the end of the part 11 located before the groove 103 to be torn off, of length identical to the thickness of the part 109 , and the release of oxygen through line 102.

Claims (7)

1. A hood for protection against fumes and hypoxia, of the type comprising a sealed cover forming a helmet covering the wearer's head, sealing means in its lower section joining the hood to the wearer's neck and, at its base and within the sealed cover, a closed tube (3) surrounding the wearer's neck and containing a reserve of oxygen under pressure as well as means (11-13) for automatically causing the inside of this tube to be placed in communication with the inside of the sealed cover (1) upon donning the hood in such a way as to provide the wearer of the hood with an automatic supply of oxygen, characterised in that it comprises a second, flexible, outer cover (18), impermeable to gases, which is secured along its edges (19, 20) in a sealed manner to the first cover (1) whilst defining an external compartment (24) between the two covers, and in that the wall of the first inner sealed cover (1) is interrupted at at least one point to define an opening (21) in this wall, across which is arranged a pad (22) of porous material wherein is retained a product absorbing carbon dioxide and/or water, the opening (21) being positioned with respect to the said external compartment (24) in such a way as to allow the gases to pass during the breathing of the wearer of the hood, alternately in one direction and in the other, between the inside of the hood and the compartment (24) whilst passing through the absorbent substance contained in the porous pad (22).
2. A protective hood according to Claim 1, characterised in that the tube (3) has the form of a split ring closed off at its two opposite ends by frontal and transverse walls (6, 7).
3. A protective hood according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tube containing the oxygen under pressure comprises two separate compartments (3a, 3b) allowing a supply of oxygen to be obtained with two different rates of flow, namely a high initial rate of flow to secure a rapid inflation of the hood, then a lower rate of flow corresponding to the normal oxygen consumption of the wearer.
4. A protective hood according to Claim 3, characterised in that the tube (3) contains a transverse partition (8) separating the two compartments (3a, 3b) and which is traversed by a capillary or calibrated hole (9) of smaller diameter than that of a capillary or calibrated hole (10) pierced through a front wall (6) of the tube (3) and closed off by a removable closure element (11).
5. A protective hood according to Claim 4, characterised in that the removable closure element (11) is operated by a lever (12) pivoting around an axis (13) and a branch of which extends towards the inside of the hood in such a way as to be pushed back by the head of the person donning the hood.
6. A protective hood according to any one of Claims 4 and 5, characterised in that the removable closure element (11) is formed by a tear-off tip.
7. A protective hood according to any one of Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the front wall (7) which faces the front wall (6) carrying the tip (11) has a recessed central part (14) into the bottom of which projects a capillary tube (15) opening into the inside of the compartment (3b), this capillary tube extends towards the outside whilst forming a coil (16) the end of which is closed and which is axially deformable as a function of the pressure prevailing within the tube (3), thereby forming a pressure gauge indicating the residual pressure within the tube (3).
EP86903410A 1985-05-31 1986-05-28 Protection hood against smokes and hypoxy Expired - Lifetime EP0223808B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8508208 1985-05-31
FR8508208A FR2582524B1 (en) 1985-05-31 1985-05-31 PROTECTIVE HOOD AGAINST FUMES AND HYPOXIA

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EP0223808A1 EP0223808A1 (en) 1987-06-03
EP0223808B1 true EP0223808B1 (en) 1990-08-01

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US (1) US4889113A (en)
EP (1) EP0223808B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0720496B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1296236C (en)
DE (1) DE3673132D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8704743A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2582524B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1986006971A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1986006971A1 (en) 1986-12-04
ES555517A0 (en) 1987-04-16
FR2582524A1 (en) 1986-12-05
US4889113A (en) 1989-12-26
CA1296236C (en) 1992-02-25
FR2582524B1 (en) 1989-01-13
ES8704743A1 (en) 1987-04-16
JPH0720496B2 (en) 1995-03-08
JPS62503014A (en) 1987-12-03
DE3673132D1 (en) 1990-09-06
EP0223808A1 (en) 1987-06-03

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